CN110352652A - A kind of method of in-situ immobilization vegetable field soil cadmium and atrazine combined pollution - Google Patents
A kind of method of in-situ immobilization vegetable field soil cadmium and atrazine combined pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN110352652A CN110352652A CN201910584367.5A CN201910584367A CN110352652A CN 110352652 A CN110352652 A CN 110352652A CN 201910584367 A CN201910584367 A CN 201910584367A CN 110352652 A CN110352652 A CN 110352652A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/005—Precision agriculture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the methods of a kind of in-situ immobilization vegetable field soil cadmium and atrazine combined pollution, it is characterised in that: method and step is as follows: removing soil foreign matter, soil is made to become smooth loose；Sepiolite and charcoal are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in upper soll layer, soil is turned over again using Cultivator, mixes well soil with sepiolite and charcoal；It sprinkles profoundly water, the water surface is made not have upper soll layer, balance sepiolite and charcoal sufficiently with soil；Crops are normally planted after 30 days.The method by heavy metal cadmium and long residual herbicides atrazine combined pollution vegetable field soil can be repaired technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide one kind.This method may be implemented to produce when repairing, not delay farming season, to save the time, improve efficiency.Repair materials used in this method are respectively sepiolite and charcoal, and two kinds of materials all have a repair to by the soil of heavy metal and pollution by pesticides, and two kinds of combinations of materials use it is more preferable than the effect of single use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural environmental protection, are related to farmland pollution Treatment process, especially a kind of in-situ immobilization vegetable plot soil
The method of earth cadmium and atrazine combined pollution.
Background technique
Heavy metal cadmium situation very severe in China's agricultural land soil, polluted agricultural land area is up to 280,000 hm2, Zhan Nongtian
Heavy metal pollution about 40%.Atrazine is a kind of common highy potent herbicide of corn field, but its residual period too long seriously affects vegetable
The normal growth of other crops such as dish leads to the agriculture underproduction or total crop failure.Since China's per capita area of cultivated farmland is smaller, cultivated land resource is tight
The situation opened is difficult to be effectively relieved in a short time, and many Cd-polluted farmlands is caused still to carry out the agricultural life such as plantation crops
Production activity.If cadmium and atrazine combined pollution certainly will be will cause in long residual herbicides such as Cd-polluted farmland application atrazines.
The national conditions having a large population and a few land between China, cultivated land resource must be fully used, so repairing contaminated farmland
It should not be letted a piece of farmland go to waste and be administered again, but progress preferably synchronous with agricultural production.Agricultural land soil in-situ chemical recovery technique because
Have many advantages, such as at low cost, easy to operate, quick, noiseless to normal farming and receive significant attention and apply, is suitable for
Control large area Farmland Soil Pollution.Chemical remediation technology is directed to add repair materials in contaminated soil, by being passivated soil
In harmful heavy metal and absorption/fixation organic pollutant realize reparation purpose.Current in-situ chemical recovery technique mostly with
Based on the pollutant of single type, it is related to multiple types pollutant while the method repaired is less, especially heavy metal and pesticide
Combined pollution.
In current Farmland Soil Pollution restorative procedure, there are heavy workloads, at high cost, destruction soil natural for engineering measure
Characteristic and fertility easily cause the disadvantages of secondary pollution, are not suitable for the contaminated soil remediation work of large area；Phytoremediation technology is deposited
In low efficiency, repair time is long, processing depth of soils is limited, contaminated vegetable material is difficult to the disadvantages of handling, additionally, due to
Large area agricultural land soil qualitative diversity, selected plant can be influenced by factors such as local climate and environment and occur repairing effect
Phenomena such as fruit stability is poor limits the large-area applications of phytoremediation；Microorganism remediation target is excessively single-minded, and and plant
Repair similar, there is also the disadvantages for causing repairing effect unstable the problems such as too sensitive environment.In addition engineering measure, plant
Object reparation and microorganism remediation all exist when being repaired cannot synchronous progress agricultural production the shortcomings that.In-situ chemical recovery technique
Disadvantages mentioned above can be preferably made up, the agricultural production when repairing may be implemented.
Inhibit the crops such as vegetables raw since the atrazine as long residual herbicides also has in the case where content is very low
Long ability, and it is mostly effective to reduce heavy metal in soil about the chemical remediation technology of heavy metal and pesticide combined pollution at present
Based on state and pesticide concentration, but to atrazine inhibit the crop growthing developments such as vegetables exist seriously affect without reference to.Institute
Not ensured that with existing chemical repair method when repairing by cadmium and atrazine combined contamination soil can be normal after repairing
The crops such as planting vegetable.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention in place of overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of in-situ immobilization vegetable field soil cadmium and green bristlegrass
The method for removing saliva combined pollution is developed by the way that chemical remediation material is screened and optimized by sepiolite and charcoal two
The scheme of kind material mating application, achieves the passivation and repairing effect obvious to cadmium and atrazine combined pollutant.
The present invention solves its technical problem and adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:
A kind of method of in-situ immobilization vegetable field soil cadmium and atrazine combined pollution, method and step are as follows:
(1) soil foreign matter is removed, and using Cultivator chesson surface layer, soil layer is scooped up, broken up, dredged by depth 28-32cm
It is logical, so that soil is become smooth loose；
(2) sepiolite and charcoal are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in upper soll layer, amount of application is respectively 35-40kg/30m2And 135-
140kg/30m2, soil is turned over again using Cultivator, depth 28-32cm fills soil with sepiolite and charcoal
Divide and mixes；
(3) sprinkle profoundly water, the water surface is made not have upper soll layer, balance sepiolite and charcoal sufficiently with soil；
(4) crops, field watering, fertilising, application are normally planted after 30 days.
Moreover, the sepiolite chemical formula are as follows: [CaCO3(65%), Mg3Si2(OH)4O5(8%), Si3O6·H2O
(9%) and CaMgSi2O6(18%)], surface area, pH, density, Mohs hardness and water absorption rate are respectively 22.70m2/g、
10.07、2.13g/cm3, 2.2 and 180%.
Moreover, 6-8 hours formation charcoals of 550-600 DEG C of thermal decomposition under charcoal corn stover anoxia condition.
Moreover, the sepiolite is the hot-liquid type sepiolite mineral deposit for originating in Hebei province Yi County.
The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention is developed by the way that chemical remediation material is screened and optimized by two kinds of materials of sepiolite and charcoal
The scheme for expecting compounding application, achieves the passivation and repairing effect obvious to cadmium and atrazine combined pollutant.It can be same
Step repairs the vegetable field soil by heavy metal cadmium and Pesticide Atrazine combined pollution, does not influence normal agricultural farming, improves work
Efficiency saves repair time.Test result shows after adding repair materials that the germination percentage and growing way of vegetables are restored to
Normal level, cadmium and atrazine content are below limitation specified in national food safety standard in rape, and cadmium is effective in soil
State is decreased obviously, biological effectiveness is effectively fixed and lost to atrazine, and soil environment and quality of vegetable, which have, obviously to be mentioned
It is high.And recovery technique used in the present invention is easy to operation, has long-term stability.Repair materials are environmentally friendly, no
Other pollutants can be introduced, the improvement of soil environment is facilitated.So this technology is completely suitable for repairing by cadmium and atrazine
The agricultural land soil of combined pollution.
2, charcoal is carbon containing, stable as made of Tissue Lysis, the high aromatic solid under anoxic or anaerobic condition
Substance, its phosphorus content is high, cavernous structure is abundant, has biggish specific surface area and stronger adsorption capacity, especially with 500-600
The charcoal function of firing in DEG C temperature range is best.Charcoal is more focused on fixed and absorption atrazine in the method, makes
It loses biological effectiveness, eliminates atrazine to the rejection ability of vegetable growth, to guarantee the germination percentage and length of vegetables
Gesture tends to be normal；Charcoal can reduce transfer ability of the atrazine to plant root simultaneously, and plant is prevented to absorb it,
To reduce the residual quantity of atrazine in the crops such as vegetables, guarantee the food safety of the crops such as vegetables.In addition, charcoal can lead to
It crosses chemical mode and certain inhibiting effect is generated to the environmental behaviour of heavy metal cadmium in the soil.
3, sepiolite is a kind of fibrous rich magnesium silicate clay mineral of chain type layer structure, it has stronger surface
Absorption and ion-exchange capacity are mainly used for reducing the content of cadmium available state in soil in the method, and the biology for reducing cadmium has
Effect property inhibits absorption and utilization of the crops to cadmium, and then reduces the content of Cadmium in Vegetables, and the cadmium content in vegetables is made to meet food
Related request in the safe national standard of product.
4, sepiolite and charcoal belong to environmentally friendly material, pollution-free to soil environment, can be preferable after application
Combine together with soil environment.Two kinds of repair materials properties are stablized, and have preferable long-term stability, can be within 1 year
Persistently play repair.And it as the charcoal of matter of biological origin or good soil and fertilizer, can be provided for soil
Certain nutrient facilitates the growth of crop and the promotion of yield, can also improve soil environment to a certain extent.
5, technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide one kind can repair by heavy metal cadmium and long residual herbicides
The method of atrazine combined pollution vegetable field soil.This method may be implemented to produce when repairing, not delay farming season, thus when saving
Between, it improves efficiency.Repair materials used in this method are respectively sepiolite and charcoal, and two kinds of materials are to by heavy metal and agriculture
The soil of chemicals contamination all has a repair, and two kinds of combinations of materials use it is more preferable than the effect of single use.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is practical operation figure in chesson surface layer of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the present invention spreads fertilizer over the fields sepiolite and charcoal practical operation figure；
Fig. 3 is present invention plowed soils practical operation figure again；
Fig. 4 is soil of the present invention watering practical operation figure；
Fig. 5 is normal planting vegetable practical operation figure after the present invention 30 days；
Fig. 6 is the cadmium content result figure of rapeseed root of the present invention (A) and overground part (B)；
Fig. 7 is influence of the different disposal of the present invention to Cadmium in Soil bio-available Zn concentration.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing and by specific embodiment, and following embodiment is descriptive
, it is not restrictive, this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
A kind of method of in-situ immobilization vegetable field soil cadmium and atrazine combined pollution, steps are as follows:
(1) material is prepared
1, sepiolite: chemical formula [CaCO3(65%), Mg3Si2(OH)4O5(8%), Si3O6·H2O (9%) and
CaMgSi2O6(18%)], surface area, pH, density, Mohs hardness and water absorption rate are respectively 22.70m2/g、10.07、2.13g/
cm3, 2.2 and 180%, originate in the hot-liquid type sepiolite mineral deposit in Hebei province Yi County, need to be gone without cadmium and green bristlegrass using preceding through detection
Saliva.
2, charcoal: raw materials for production (pH 8.5) are the corn stover for originating from Shandong region.550-600 under anoxic conditions
DEG C thermal decomposition 6-8 hours formation charcoals, surface area 62.11m2/ g, average grain diameter 0.15mm, average pore size are
0.031cm3/ g, average pore size 3.624nm, phosphorus content 45.44%.Cadmium and atrazine need to be free of through detection using preceding.
(2) restorative procedure process
2.1 background check
By inquiry peasant household or agricultural cooperative society employee, investigation in recent years farmland to be repaired plantation situation (including make
Object, kind), yield, dose, pesticide and the kind and dosage of chemical fertilizer, a situation arises for phytotoxicity.And cadmium in soil and green bristlegrass are gone
The content of saliva and other physicochemical properties are detected.
2.2 technical step
2.2.1 soil foreign matter is removed, using Cultivator chesson surface layer, soil layer is scooped up, beaten by depth 30cm or so
It dissipates, dredging, so that soil is become smooth loose, as shown in Figure 1.
2.2.2 as shown in Fig. 2, uniformly spreading fertilizer over the fields sepiolite and charcoal in upper soll layer, amount of application is respectively 39kg/30m2
And 138kg/30m2。
2.2.3 soil is turned over again using Cultivator, as shown in figure 3, depth 30cm or so, makes soil and repair
Material mixes well.
2.2.4 it such as Fig. 4, sprinkles profoundly water, the water surface is made not have upper soll layer, balance repair materials sufficiently with soil.
2.2.5 crops are normally planted after 30 days, field watering, fertilising, application carry out in a usual manner, such as Fig. 5 institute
Show.
(3) experimental design
The atrazine of 3 concentration gradients of addition in soil (cadmium content 2.16mg/kg), respectively 1.25mg/kg (P1),
2.5mg/kg (P2) and 5.0mg/kg (P4) is simultaneously mixed well, and forms the soil of cadmium and atrazine combined pollution.Then distinguish again
The sepiolite of four concentration gradients and the charcoal of three concentration gradients is added and is uniformly mixed, the additive amount of sepiolite is respectively
0% (S0), 0.5% (S0.5), 1% (S1) and 3% (S3), the additive amount of charcoal are respectively 0% (B0), 2% (B2) and 5%
(B5).Repair materials carry out rape seed after balancing in the soil 4 weeks, observe the germination percentage and growing way of rape, and receive in rape
Obtain the rape of phase acquisition normal growth and the content of pedotheque measurement cadmium and atrazine.
(4) test result
1, it adds after sepiolite and charcoal to the germination percentage of vegetables (rape) and the influence of growing way
Atrazine is a kind of typical long residual herbicides, and not only the residence time is long in the soil, but also seriously affects
The normal growth and development of the crops such as vegetables, so the germination and growing state by observation vegetable seeds can be more intuitive
Repair materials are solved to the fixation repairing effect of atrazine in soil.
As shown in table 1, when in soil without repair materials, atrazine directly influences the emergence rate and growing way of rape, and
And the residual quantity of atrazine is higher, the germination percentage of rape is lower, and growing way is poorer.When the residual quantity of atrazine in soil is higher than
2.5mg/kg when (P2), the germination percentage of rape is minimum and not continued growth.After adding charcoal and sepiolite in soil, rape
Germination percentage and growing way tend to normal level.
And the immobilization effect of charcoal dosage and atrazine is positively correlated in significant, when atrazine residual quantity is in soil
When 2.5mg/kg (P2), the charcoal of 2% (B2) of addition can guarantee the normal germination percentage of rape and growing way；When green bristlegrass is gone in soil
When saliva residual quantity is 5.0mg/kg (P2), the charcoal that need to add 5% (B5) ensures that the normal germination percentage of rape and length
Gesture.
Influence of 1 different disposal of table to pakchoi seedling development
2, in rape atrazine residual quantity
Through detecting, atrazine residual quantity is below 0.02mg/kg in all Rice-rape fields upper samples, shows to be free of in rape
Atrazine or in extremely low level.Also illustrate that sepiolite and charcoal effectively secure the atrazine in soil, and inhibit
Absorption of the rape to atrazine.
3, in rape cadmium content
The content of cadmium in normal growth rape is included in Fig. 6.As can be seen that sepiolite and charcoal are in the soil to cadmium
Fixation in play an important role.With the raising of sepiolite and charcoal additive amount, the cadmium in rape overground part and root contains
Amount successively declines.When the additive amount of charcoal is 2%, handle in the sepiolite of rape overground part 0.5%, 1% and 3% to cadmium
Passivation ability 32.0%-41.0%, 54.7%-62.3% and 72.8%-73.7% has been respectively increased with than compareing；
When the additive amount of charcoal be 5% when, then be respectively increased 5.6%-48.0%, 40.1%-61.9% and
55.1%-71.4%.When the additive amount of charcoal is 2%, compared with the control, the Hai Pao of rapeseed root 0.5%, 1% and 3%
17.5%-20.0%, 45.9%-47.5% and 60.5%- has been respectively increased than control to the passivation ability of cadmium in stone processing
63.5%；
When the additive amount of charcoal be 5% when, then be respectively increased 4.7%-47.7%, 5.4%-53.3% and
50.7%-68.1%.
As it can be seen that rape overground part, root are substantially reduced the absorption of cadmium under the collective effect of sepiolite and charcoal.And
And with the raising of sepiolite and charcoal additive amount, the content of the total cadmium of rape is on a declining curve.When sepiolite and charcoal
Additive amount when being respectively 1% and 2%, the Cd content of rape overground part can be reduced to 0.2mg/kg hereinafter, i.e. lower than state
Border Codex Committee on Food (CAC) and China's national food safety standard " pollutants in food limitation " (GB 2762-2017) institute
Defined limitation.
4, in soil atrazine residual quantity
Atrazine residual quantity is shown in Table 2 in rape harvest phase soil, it can be seen that sepiolite and charcoal have atrazine
There is preferable fixed function.Under conditions of coexisting with charcoal, the content of sepiolite and the residual quantity of atrazine have significantly
Correlation (P < 0.05).In addition, the residual quantity of the additive amount of charcoal and atrazine is without significant correlation, 2% and 5% biology
Influence of the charcoal additive amount to atrazine is similar, illustrates that just there is the charcoal of addition 2% in the soil good atrazine to fix
Effect.
Atrazine residual quantity (mg/kg) in 2 different disposal Soil Under Conditions of table
5, in soil cadmium available state content
The bio-available Zn concentration of DTPA extraction cadmium is as shown in Figure 7 in soil.As can be seen that sepiolite or charcoal reduce soil
The content of cadmium DTPA available state in earth, and the use in conjunction of both materials more has than sepiolite or charcoal is used alone
Effect.With gradually increasing for sepiolite and charcoal dosage, the content of cadmium available state is in successively downward trend.
Although disclosing the embodiment of the present invention and attached drawing for the purpose of illustration, those skilled in the art can be managed
Solution: do not departing from the present invention and spirit and scope of the appended claims in, various substitutions, changes and modifications be all it is possible,
Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment and attached drawing disclosure of that.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method of in-situ immobilization vegetable field soil cadmium and atrazine combined pollution, it is characterised in that: method and step is as follows:
(1) soil foreign matter is removed, and using Cultivator chesson surface layer, soil layer is scooped up, broken up, dredged, made by depth 28-32cm
Soil becomes smooth loose；
(2) sepiolite and charcoal are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in upper soll layer, amount of application is respectively 35-40kg/30m2And 135-140kg/
30m2, soil is turned over again using Cultivator, depth 28-32cm mixes well soil with sepiolite and charcoal；
(3) sprinkle profoundly water, the water surface is made not have upper soll layer, balance sepiolite and charcoal sufficiently with soil；
(4) crops, field watering, fertilising, application are normally planted after 30 days.
2. the method for a kind of in-situ immobilization vegetable field soil cadmium and atrazine combined pollution according to claim 1, feature
It is: the sepiolite chemical formula are as follows: [CaCO3(65%), Mg3Si2(OH)4O5(8%), Si3O6·H2O (9%) and
CaMgSi2O6(18%)], surface area, pH, density, Mohs hardness and water absorption rate are respectively 22.70m2/g、10.07、2.13g/
cm3, 2.2 and 180%.
3. the method for a kind of in-situ immobilization vegetable field soil cadmium and atrazine combined pollution according to claim 1, feature
It is: 6-8 hours formation charcoals of 550-600 DEG C of thermal decomposition under charcoal corn stover anoxia condition.
4. the method for in-situ immobilization vegetable field soil cadmium and atrazine combined pollution according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The sepiolite is the hot-liquid type sepiolite mineral deposit for originating in Hebei province Yi County.
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Application publication date: 20191022 |