CN110350258A - A kind of lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system and method - Google Patents

A kind of lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110350258A
CN110350258A CN201910522647.3A CN201910522647A CN110350258A CN 110350258 A CN110350258 A CN 110350258A CN 201910522647 A CN201910522647 A CN 201910522647A CN 110350258 A CN110350258 A CN 110350258A
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voltage
lithium battery
temperature
current
temperature sensor
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CN110350258B (en
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赵少华
王守模
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Guangdong Hengyineng Technology Co ltd
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Guangdong Hengyi Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system; it include: voltage and current abnormality detection subsystem; for acquiring the voltage data at lithium battery both ends in real time during charging and discharging lithium battery and by the current data of lithium battery, judge whether voltage data and the current data are abnormal；When voltage and or current exception, stop charge and discharge；Temperature anomaly detects subsystem, for acquiring the temperature of the lithium battery in real time during charging and discharging lithium battery, judges whether temperature is more than pre-set temperature threshold, when temperature is more than the temperature threshold, issues temperature anomaly alarm；Smoke sensing abnormality detection subsystem, for during charging and discharging lithium battery real-time detection whether have smog, when detecting smog, starting alarm and fire-fighting spraying.It by the synergistic effect of three subsystems, realizes to lithium battery thermal runaway early warning, effectively avoids because of adverse consequences caused by thermal runaway.

Description

A kind of lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium batteries more particularly to a kind of lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection systems.
Background technique
In the back segment automatic production process (chemical conversion, partial volume, standing, DCIR detection etc.) of lithium battery, cause lithium battery The main reason for fever is even exploded can be attributed to following two major classes: 1. due to overcharging or over-discharge leads to lithium battery solid electrolyte Interfacial film SEI is decomposed, fall off even back reaction, finally causes thermal runaway with vigorous reactions such as fever and gases.Due to chemical conversion Have in partial volume and detection system specifically for the Preservation tactics overcharged with over-discharge, the thermal runaway as caused by the reason can be to avoid. 2. the lithium battery thermal runaway due to caused by short circuit.Short circuit is divided into external short circuit and internal short-circuit, the twin voltage in charge-discharge system Monitoring system can effectively detect and prevent external short circuit, therefore the internal short-circuit for lithium battery is mainly needed to do effectively at present Early warning and control, avoid internal short-circuit cause thermal runaway state.
Since internal short-circuit is not easy directly monitoring and lithium battery interior temperature is difficult to directly measure, cause in the prior art Lack a kind of accurately and effectively lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system and method.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in order to solve the existing problems, provides a kind of lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system and method.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the technical solution of lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system of the present invention is as described below:
A kind of lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system, comprising: voltage and current abnormality detection subsystem, in lithium battery The voltage data at the lithium battery both ends and the current data by the lithium battery are acquired in charge and discharge process in real time, judges institute It states voltage data and whether the current data is abnormal；When the voltage and/or the current anomaly, stop charge and discharge；Temperature It spends abnormality detection subsystem and judges institute for acquiring the temperature of the lithium battery in real time during the charging and discharging lithium battery State whether temperature is more than pre-set temperature threshold, when the temperature is more than the temperature threshold, issues temperature anomaly report It is alert；Smoke sensing abnormality detection subsystem, for during the charging and discharging lithium battery real-time detection whether have smog, work as spy When measuring smog, starting alarm and fire-fighting spraying.
Preferably, the voltage and current abnormality detection subsystem can detect subsystem and the cigarette prior to the temperature anomaly Mist induction abnormality detection subsystem captures abnormal signal；The voltage and current abnormality detection subsystem synchronizes described in acquisition in real time The voltage data at lithium battery both ends and at least one of current data by the lithium battery, and carry out internal short-circuit index prison It surveys, and judges whether the internal short-circuit index of at least one of the voltage data and the current data is abnormal.
Preferably, judge whether the voltage data includes the following steps: the noise for filtering out the voltage data extremely, it is real When choose undersampling rate reach setting numerical value the voltage data, and dynamic update dominant record voltage；It carries out described interior short Road Monitoring Indexes, the internal short-circuit Monitoring Indexes include synchronous progress voltage rise abnormity detection, electric voltage exception decline detection, electricity The detection of drops trend anomaly.
Preferably, the voltage rise abnormity detection includes: to calculate real-time voltage data VnWith charging starting voltage VstartDifference Vras=Vn-Vstart；Judge whether the difference is less than pre-set voltage ascending threshold, if the difference Less than the pre-set voltage ascending threshold then voltage rise abnormity；The voltage decline abnormality detection includes: to calculate institute State dominant record voltage VmaxWith real-time voltage data VnDifference DELTA V=Vmax-Vn；Judge whether the difference is more than preparatory The voltage falling-threshold value of setting, voltage decline is abnormal if the difference is more than the pre-set voltage falling-threshold value；Institute Stating voltage downward trend abnormality detection includes: to calculate the difference of the voltage data at the lithium battery both ends acquired in real time: dn= Vn-Vn-1And obtain the positive and negative symbol d of dnsng-n, calculate the symbol and whether be more than pre-set voltage downward trend Threshold value, if the symbol and be less than the pre-set voltage downward trend threshold value, recording voltage downward trend starting Point voltage VrefCalculate voltage descending slope: S=(Vref-Vn)/N, wherein N is voltage undersampling rate；Judge the voltage decline Whether slope is more than pre-set descending slope threshold value, if the voltage descending slope is more than the pre-set decline Then voltage downward trend is abnormal for slope threshold value.
Preferably, the lithium battery is in constant-current charge, constant-voltage charge or constant-current discharge state, and the corresponding electric current is different Often are as follows: constant-current charge exception, constant-voltage charge exception or constant-current discharge are abnormal.
Preferably, judge whether the current data includes the following steps: to filter out the noise of the current data simultaneously extremely Dynamic updates data cached；Determine the state of the lithium battery and the rate of change of calculating current: d=(Cn-Cn-N+1)/N, In, CnIt is real-time current data, Cn-N+1Current data before being n-hour at the time of real-time, N are time intervals；Institute State the rate of change of electric current and the rate of change threshold value comparison of pre-set electric current: the lithium battery is in constant-current charge state When pre-set electric current rate of change threshold value be T1If d > T1, then constant-current charge is abnormal；The lithium battery is filled in constant pressure The rate of change threshold value of pre-set electric current is T when electricity condition2If d > T2, then constant-voltage charge is abnormal；The lithium battery is in The rate of change threshold value of pre-set electric current is T when constant-current discharge state3If d > T3, then constant-current discharge is abnormal.
Preferably, temperature anomaly detection subsystem includes: the temperature probe for being crimped on the lithium battery pole ear pressure；Or, Row's array of temperature sensor that front and back is respectively installed at the top of the needle bed of the lithium battery, the array of temperature sensor include between waiting Away from L temperature sensor；Computing device calculates the electricity of the lithium battery for the testing result according to array of temperature sensor Wicking surface temperature.
Preferably, the method for calculating the battery core surface temperature of the lithium battery includes the following steps: T1: calculating the lithium electricity The correlation of the measurement temperature of the battery core surface temperature and temperature sensor in pond；T2: according to the correlation and the temperature Spend the battery core surface temperature of lithium battery described in the measurement temperature real-time estimation of sensor array.
Preferably, step T1 includes: T11: calculate the cross-correlation matrix between the temperature sensor:
Wherein, rN, lBetween the measurement temperature of n-th temperature sensor and the measurement temperature of first of temperature sensor Cross-correlation,Between the measurement temperature of n-th temperature sensor and the measurement temperature of first of temperature sensor Covariance,For the variance of the measurement temperature of n-th of temperature sensor,First of temperature sensor measurement temperature The variance of degree；
T12: calculating the cross-correlation matrix between each lithium battery and the temperature sensor,
Wherein, cM, lFor the cross-correlation between m-th of battery core surface temperature and first of temperature sensor measurement temperature,For the covariance between m-th of temperature sensor surface temperature and first of temperature sensor measurement temperature,For the variance of m-th of battery core surface temperature,The variance of first of temperature sensor measurement temperature.
Preferably, step T2 includes: the measurement temperature vector for being located at temperature sensor described in the k moment are as follows:According to the temperature on 2D-MMSE criterion battery core surface are as follows:The invention also includes a kind of lithiums Battery thermal runaway early warning guard method, includes the following steps: S1: carrying out charge and discharge to lithium battery and determines that the lithium battery enters Charging and discharging state；S2: voltage and current inspection, temperature anomaly detection and smoke sensing abnormality detection extremely are carried out to lithium battery；Wherein, Voltage and current inspection extremely includes synchronizing the voltage data for acquiring the lithium battery both ends in real time and by the lithium battery At least one of current data, and carry out internal short-circuit Monitoring Indexes；Judge in the voltage data and the current data Whether the internal short-circuit index of at least one is abnormal；When one of the voltage data and the current data are abnormal, stop Charge and discharge are carried out to lithium battery；The temperature detection includes: to acquire the lithium electricity in real time during the charging and discharging lithium battery The temperature in pond judges whether the temperature is more than pre-set temperature threshold, when the temperature is more than the temperature threshold, Issue temperature anomaly alarm；Whether the smoke sensing abnormality detection is included in during the charging and discharging lithium battery real-time detection There is smog, when detecting smog, starting alarm and fire-fighting spraying.
Preferably, it is also included the following features: in the embodiment of the present invention
Judge whether the voltage data includes the following steps: the noise for filtering out the voltage data extremely, chooses in real time Undersampling rate reaches the voltage data of setting numerical value, and dynamic updates dominant record voltage；The internal short-circuit Monitoring Indexes Including at least one of the detection of voltage rise abnormity, electric voltage exception decline detection, voltage downward trend abnormality detection.
The voltage rise abnormity detection includes: to calculate the difference of real-time voltage data Vn and charging starting voltage Vstart Value Vras=Vn-Vstart；Judge whether the difference is less than pre-set voltage ascending threshold, if the difference is less than institute State pre-set voltage ascending threshold then voltage rise abnormity.
The electric voltage exception decline detection includes: to calculate the dominant record voltage Vmax and real-time voltage data Vn Difference DELTA V=Vmax-Vn；Judge whether the difference is more than pre-set voltage falling-threshold value, if the difference is more than institute Stating pre-set voltage falling-threshold value, then voltage decline is abnormal.
The voltage downward trend abnormality detection includes: the voltage data for calculating the lithium battery both ends acquired in real time Difference: dn=Vn-Vn-1 and the positive and negative symbol dsng-n for obtaining dn；Calculate the symbol and whether be more than pre-set Voltage downward trend threshold value, if the symbol and be less than the pre-set voltage downward trend threshold value, recording voltage Downward trend starting point voltage Vref；Voltage descending slope: S=(Vref-Vn)/N is calculated, wherein N is voltage undersampling rate；Sentence Whether the voltage descending slope that breaks is more than pre-set descending slope threshold value, if the voltage descending slope is more than described Then voltage downward trend is abnormal for pre-set descending slope threshold value.
The lithium battery is in constant-current charge, constant-voltage charge or constant-current discharge state, the corresponding current anomaly are as follows: permanent Current charge exception, constant-voltage charge exception or constant-current discharge are abnormal.
Judge whether the current data includes the following steps: the noise for filtering out the current data extremely and dynamic updates It is data cached；Determine the state of the lithium battery and the rate of change of calculating current；The rate of change of the electric current with set in advance The rate of change threshold value comparison for the electric current set, if the rate of change of the electric current is greater than the rate of change threshold of pre-set electric current It is worth, then the variation abnormality of electric current.
The rate of change of calculating current: d=(Cn-Cn-N+1)/N, wherein Cn is real-time current data, Cn-N+1It is in reality When at the time of n-hour before current data, N is time interval；The lithium battery is set in advance when being in constant-current charge state The rate of change threshold value for the electric current set is T1, if d > T1, constant-current charge is abnormal；When the lithium battery is in constant-voltage charge state The rate of change threshold value of pre-set electric current is T2, if d > T2, constant-voltage charge is abnormal；The lithium battery is in constant-current discharge The rate of change threshold value of pre-set electric current is T3 when state, if d > T3, constant-current discharge is abnormal.
Row's array of temperature sensor that front and back is respectively installed at the top of the needle bed of the lithium battery, the temperature sensor battle array Column include equidistant L temperature sensor；Using computing device according to the calculating of the testing result of array of temperature sensor The battery core surface temperature of lithium battery；Wherein, the method for calculating the battery core surface temperature of the lithium battery includes the following steps: T1: Calculate the correlation of the battery core surface temperature of the lithium battery and the measurement temperature of the temperature sensor；T2: according to the phase The battery core surface temperature of lithium battery described in the measurement temperature real-time estimation of array of temperature sensor described in Guan Xinghe.
Step T1 includes: T11: calculate the cross-correlation matrix between the temperature sensor:
Wherein, rN, lBetween the measurement temperature of n-th temperature sensor and the measurement temperature of first of temperature sensor Cross-correlation,Between the measurement temperature of n-th temperature sensor and the measurement temperature of first of temperature sensor Covariance,For the variance of the measurement temperature of n-th of temperature sensor,First of temperature sensor measurement temperature Variance；T12: calculating the cross-correlation matrix between each lithium battery and the temperature sensor,
Wherein, cM, lFor the cross-correlation between m-th of battery core surface temperature and first of temperature sensor measurement temperature,For the covariance between m-th of temperature sensor surface temperature and first of temperature sensor measurement temperature,For the variance of m-th of battery core surface temperature,The variance of first of temperature sensor measurement temperature.
The present invention also takes up a kind of computer readable storage medium of rate, and the computer-readable recording medium storage has calculating Machine program, which is characterized in that the computer program realizes method as described above when being executed by processor.
The invention has the benefit that providing a kind of lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system, pass through voltage and current exception The synergistic effect for detecting subsystem, temperature anomaly detection subsystem and smoke sensing abnormality detection subsystem, is realized to lithium battery Thermal runaway early warning effectively avoids because of adverse consequences caused by thermal runaway.
In some embodiment of the invention, for internal short-circuit complex genesis, external presentation is unobvious, only refers to by potential circuit The subtle feature of sample body, sums up the various expression modes of internal short-circuit, and works up the characterization parameter in each mode, leads to The monitoring to these characterization parameters is crossed, to monitor the generation of internal short-circuit.
In some embodiment of the invention, heat conducts from inside to outside when occurring for short circuit, and temperature display exists certain Lag, thus cannot the characteristics of short-circuit conditions be fed back at the first time, in particular for especially for soft-package battery, Because soft-package battery plastic-aluminum seals, heating conduction is bad, and soft pack cell body temperature and pole piece temperature difference are larger, work up Suitable array of temperature sensor is set and calculates the unique method of the battery core surface temperature of the lithium battery by software.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of lithium battery internal short-circuit voltage and current method for detecting abnormality in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 be judge in the embodiment of the present invention voltage data whether Yi Chang method schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the method schematic diagram that voltage rise abnormity detects in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the method schematic diagram of voltage decline abnormality detection in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the method schematic diagram of voltage downward trend abnormality detection in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 be judge in the embodiment of the present invention current data whether Yi Chang method schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is a kind of schematic diagram of lithium battery internal short-circuit voltage and current abnormality detection system in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the charging voltage schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the voltage trend schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the charging current schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the current trend schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 13 is the method schematic diagram of the battery core surface temperature of the calculating lithium battery in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 14 is the battery core surface temperature of the calculating lithium battery in the embodiment of the present invention and the measurement temperature of institute's temperature sensor The method schematic diagram of the correlation of degree.
Figure 15 is the structural schematic diagram of temperature abnormality detection subsystem in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 16 is the battery core surface temperature and actual measurement temperature that temperature abnormality detection subsystem is estimated in the embodiment of the present invention Evaluated error distribution map between degree.
Wherein, 1- temperature sensor, 2- needle bed, 3- pallet, 4- battery core, 5- smoke sensor device, 6- probe install mould group, 7- Probe rides mould group.
Specific embodiment
In order to which technical problem to be solved of the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution and beneficial effect is more clearly understood, The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.It should be appreciated that specific implementation described herein Example is only used to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
It should be noted that it can be directly another when element is referred to as " being fixed on " or " being set to " another element On one element or indirectly on another element.When an element is known as " being connected to " another element, it can To be directly to another element or be indirectly connected on another element.In addition, connection can be for fixing Effect is also possible to act on for circuit communication.
It is to be appreciated that term " length ", " width ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "horizontal", "top", "bottom" "inner", "outside" is that orientation based on the figure or position are closed System is merely for convenience of the description embodiment of the present invention and simplifies description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must There must be specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
In addition, term " first ", " second " are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance Or implicitly indicate the quantity of indicated technical characteristic.Define " first " as a result, the feature of " second " can be expressed or Implicitly include one or more this feature.In the description of the embodiment of the present invention, the meaning of " plurality " is two or two More than, unless otherwise specifically defined.
A part in the following embodiments of the present invention is based on the recognition that
1, the case where leading to internal short-circuit, is divided into following several: septal defect or aging rupture；Li dendrite, simple substance iron ion Reduction deposition pierces through diaphragm；Foreign matter entrainment causes to pierce through diaphragm when making battery core；Copper foil of affluxion body or aluminium foil burrs on edges.
2, classified according to the position of internal short-circuit, internal short-circuit of battery form is divided into following several again: negative electrode material and aluminium Collector short circuit；Copper current collector and aluminium collector short circuit；Copper current collector and positive electrode short circuit；Positive electrode and negative electrode material are short Road；
3, the performance of various internal short-circuits is different: where aluminium collector and charged negative electrode material short circuit are due to contact resistance It is small big by electric current, it is easy short time internal short-circuit spot temperature and rapidly increases the hot side reaction of initiation, to generate thermal runaway；Aluminium Collector and the short circuit of copper current collector are similar to external short circuit, and temperature can be uniformly transferred to entire battery；Positive electrode and Tong Ji The short circuit of fluid and positive and negative pole material influences minimum since positive electrode impedance is big.
It can be seen that the reason of leading to internal short-circuit is various, position is also changeable, voltage, voltage performance also it is inevitable it is each not It is identical.For this purpose, the present invention analyzes internal short-circuit caused by a variety of causes and position, typical module is summed up, and look for To the suitable characterization parameter of each mode, so as to realize the monitoring to internal short-circuit by the monitoring to the parameter.For example, These modes include:
1, when internal short-circuit occurs, cell voltage reduces rapidly the lithium battery without porosity protection membrane structure, it Voltage no longer restores afterwards.
2, when internal short-circuit occurs for ternary lithium-ion-power cell, voltage is rapidly decreased to 0 in 2 seconds, simultaneous The raising of temperature, temperature was nearby increased to 200 degree or so at 5 seconds, then in thermal runaway state.
3, when internal short-circuit of battery occurs for the lithium battery with porous protection film, there is voltage decline in internal short-circuit initial stage, with Afterwards since short circuit is by protection diaphragm entry deterrence micro-short circuit state, voltage is gone up, and is stepped up voltage again with temperature Gradually decline.
4, when ferric phosphate lithium cell monomer internal short-circuit, due to LiFePO4 (LiFeP04) as the positive electrode two Its electric conductivity of primary cell is low, and the diffusion velocity of lithium ion is also extremely slow, puncture (simulated interior short circuit) afterwards in 1 second voltage by Initial 3.7V drops to 3.2V, and subsequent voltage enters stable state and no longer declines.Casing surface temperature with puncture progress And gradually rapidly increase, entered thermal runaway state at 4~6 seconds.
In summary the experimental data of different type lithium battery is it was found that in 1~2 second voltage occurs first for internal short-circuit Variation, the rising of case temperature can be obviously detected in subsequent 2~4 seconds, the most of electricity of 4~6 seconds time later Pond can enter thermal runaway state.Therefore, should accurately be monitored according to voltage and current parameter with the Preservation tactics of the thermal runaway of safety, Temperature monitoring, the tactful of mist monitoring are protected step by step.
Based on this understanding, the present invention has mentioned following specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1
In the automated production of lithium battery, lithium battery interior short-circuit detecting approach includes the following:
Electric voltage exception detection: the internal short-circuit of lithium battery will cause the decline of voltage, pass through the prison to voltage downward trend Survey can be judged to internal short-circuit and early warning.
Heat detection: determine whether short circuit occurs attaching by way of thermocouple detects temperature change in lithium battery side wall. In the prior art, due to when short circuit occurs heat conduct from inside to outside, there are certain lag for temperature display, thus cannot first Time feeds back short-circuit conditions.
Capacity abnormality detection: heat energy dissipation is converted to due to some electric energy when internal short-circuit occurs, is charged in this way The capacity being filled in the process is high when can be than internal short-circuit does not occur, therefore reports inside when charging capacity is higher than reference capacity Short trouble, when charging capacity is less than or equal to reference capacity, lithium battery state is normal.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system, comprising:
Voltage and current abnormality detection subsystem, for acquiring the lithium battery both ends in real time during charging and discharging lithium battery Voltage data and current data by the lithium battery, judge whether the voltage data and the current data abnormal； When the voltage and/or the current anomaly, stop charge and discharge；
Temperature anomaly detects subsystem, for acquiring the temperature of the lithium battery in real time during the charging and discharging lithium battery Degree, judges whether the temperature is more than pre-set temperature threshold, when the temperature is more than the temperature threshold, issues temperature Spend abnormal alarm；
Smoke sensing abnormality detection subsystem, for during the charging and discharging lithium battery real-time detection whether have cigarette Mist, when detecting smog, starting alarm and fire-fighting spraying.
The experimental data of comprehensive different type lithium battery obtains, and the variation of voltage occurs in internal short-circuit 1~2 second first, The rising of shell problem can be obviously detected in subsequent 2~4 seconds, 4~6 seconds time major part lithium batteries later can be into Enter thermal runaway state, therefore, the Preservation tactics of accurate and safety thermal runaway should be according to: piezoelectricity throat floater → temperature anomaly → The abnormal strategy of smoke sensing is protected step by step.
It is understood that in an embodiment of the present invention, voltage and current abnormality detection subsystem can be prior to temperature Abnormality detection subsystem and smoke sensing abnormality detection subsystem capture abnormal signal；When smoke sensing abnormality detection subsystem Issue early warning and voltage and current abnormality detection subsystem and when temperature anomaly detection subsystem does not capture abnormal signal, judgement For the wrong report of smoke sensing abnormality detection subsystem.Voltage and current abnormality detection subsystem synchronizes acquires the lithium battery both ends in real time Voltage data and at least one of current data by the lithium battery, and carry out internal short-circuit Monitoring Indexes, and judge Whether the internal short-circuit index of at least one of the voltage data and the current data is abnormal.
Three subsystems are by the exception monitoring in terms of integrated voltage, temperature and smoke sensing three to the thermal runaway of lithium battery Effectively prevented, and takes single channel stops, whole disk stops and starts fire-fighting observation, starting fire-fighting spraying, the protection of six faces etc. Strategy carries out gradual control and protection to thermal runaway.
When short circuit occurs, voltage and current exception monitoring subsystem will detect subsystem and smog sense prior to temperature anomaly It answers abnormality detection subsystem to capture abnormal signal and issues early warning, it will usually stop in voltage and current exception monitoring subsystem early warning Only single pass charge and discharge is electrically operated, prevents being further exacerbated by for side reaction；When temperature anomaly detection subsystem detects lithium battery Shell when significantly rising of temperature, can whole disk stopping be carried out according to user configuration and start fire-fighting observation movement；Work as cigarette When mist incudes the sending early warning of abnormality detection subsystem, alarms and start fire-fighting spraying.When smoke sensing abnormality detection subsystem is sent out Out early warning and when the non-early warning of other two subsystems, system will be that smoke sensing abnormality detection subsystem is missed according to configuration determination Report.
The automatic needle bed warehouse compartment of thermal runaway early warning protection system is furnished with 6 face protective devices in lithium battery automated production, It prevents from expanding to neighbouring warehouse compartment when thermal runaway occurs.System have independent work step protect and global protecting, eliminate overcharge, mistake It puts, crimp the potential factor that bad, voltage and current causes thermal runaway more than bound etc..
Embodiment 2
Voltage and current abnormality detection subsystem is the core of thermal runaway early warning protection system in lithium battery automated production, is led to The variation for crossing real-time monitoring and floating voltage, electric current utilizes the rule of voltage, curent change when battery internal short-circuit, internal cell Short circuit judges and early warning.Voltage and current abnormality detection subsystem can usually stop abnormal in 1 second that internal short-circuit occurs Channel prevents being further exacerbated by for internal short-circuit negative reaction, to substantially reduce the probability of thermal runaway generation.In forming and capacity dividing technique In, the abnormal decline monitoring of electric current is realized to internal short-circuit when the trend anomaly monitoring and electric discharge of voltage when by charge and discharge Judgement and early warning.Because the voltage and current anomaly of internal short-circuit are all small momentary fluctuations, this to the precision of detection device and Response speed proposes very high requirement.High-precision charging/discharging apparatus has the following conditions:
(1) high-precision: the voltage fluctuation of the distinguishable 2mv of 0.02% precision set；
(2) high sampling rate: the sampling rate of slave computer highest 5ms, using card plug, your window digital Finite Impulse response is filtered Device, every output, avoids the long delay of moving average filter while filtering out white noise and out-of-band interference；
(3) high performance slave computer can allow Trend tracing algorithm to be realized in slave computer, combined high precision and high sampling rate, Real-time tracking processing is done to the trend anomaly of voltage and electric current.In charging and static link, (inside is known as electricity to abnormal track algorithm Sub- micro magnifier) the following several trend of tracking:
A. voltage jumps or bust
B. voltage is rapidly decreased to another platform and slowly gradually reduces
C. go up after voltage is greatly reduced rapidly and gradually, then slowly gradually reduce
The slope of discharge regime, the abnormal downward trend of abnormal track algorithm follow current, i.e. Δ I/ Δ t is abnormal.
As shown in Fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, lithium battery internal short-circuit voltage and current method for detecting abnormality includes Following steps:
S1: carrying out charge and discharge to lithium battery and determines that the lithium battery enters charging and discharging state；
S2: it synchronizes and is acquired in the voltage data at the lithium battery both ends and the current data by the lithium battery in real time At least one, and carry out internal short-circuit Monitoring Indexes；
S3: judge whether the internal short-circuit index of at least one of the voltage data and the current data is abnormal；When When one of the voltage data and the current data are abnormal, stop carrying out charge and discharge to lithium battery.
As shown in figure 3, judging whether the voltage data includes the following steps: extremely
The noise of the voltage data is filtered out, chooses the voltage data that undersampling rate reaches setting numerical value in real time, and Dynamic updates dominant record voltage；
The internal short-circuit Monitoring Indexes are carried out, the internal short-circuit Monitoring Indexes include synchronous progress voltage rise abnormity inspection It surveys, electric voltage exception declines at least one of detection, voltage downward trend abnormality detection.
As shown in figure 4, the detection of voltage rise abnormity includes:
Calculate real-time voltage data VnWith charging starting voltage VstartDifference Vras=Vn-Vstart；
Judge whether the difference is less than pre-set voltage ascending threshold, if the difference is less than described preset Voltage ascending threshold then voltage rise abnormity.
As shown in figure 5, voltage decline abnormality detection includes:
Calculate the dominant record voltage VmaxWith real-time voltage data VnDifference DELTA V=Vmax-Vn；
Judge whether the difference is more than pre-set voltage falling-threshold value, if the difference is more than described presets Voltage falling-threshold value then voltage decline is abnormal.
As shown in fig. 6, voltage downward trend abnormality detection includes:
Calculate the difference of the voltage data at the lithium battery both ends acquired in real time: dn=Vn-Vn-1And obtain the positive and negative of dn Symbol dsng-n,
Calculate the symbol and whether be more than pre-set voltage downward trend threshold value, if the sum of the symbol is less than The pre-set voltage downward trend threshold value, then recording voltage downward trend starting point voltage Vref；
Calculate voltage descending slope: S=(Vref-Vn)/N, wherein N is voltage undersampling rate；
Judge whether the voltage descending slope is more than pre-set descending slope threshold value, if drop angle under the voltage Rate is more than that then voltage downward trend is abnormal for the pre-set descending slope threshold value.
Specifically, can be carried out according to following operation in practical automated production:
Step 1: equipment enters forming and capacity dividing technique, and starting work step carries out charge and discharge to lithium battery；
Step 2: resetting all variables；
Step 3: judging whether lithium battery enters charged state, if entering step 4 into charged state；
Step 4: equipment acquires battery voltage data Vn, and noise is filtered out by low-pass filter, meanwhile, lack sampling Counter is incremented by；
Step 5: if lack sampling counter has reached undersampling rate N, updating voltage buffer and (remove in voltage buffer Sampled point before the W moment, and general who has surrendered's present sample data VnDeposit caching), otherwise return step 4；Wherein, W is observation window The size of mouth, general default setting are that 128, N is adjusted according to the size of sample rate, are traditionally arranged to be 1 or 2.
Step 6: comparing VnWith dominant record voltage VmaxIf VnGreater than Vmax, by VnAssign Vmax, and reset counter n_ Max=0；Otherwise the opposite offset n_max for recording Vmax is incremented by n_max=n_max+1；
Step 7: if voltage rise abnormity detection switch is opened, it is different the detection of voltage rise abnormity: to carry out voltage rising Often detection, otherwise skips this step.Voltage rise abnormity detection algorithm is as follows: calculating present sample data VnWith charging starting electricity Press VstartDifference vras=Vn-VstarIf by the time limit (Time_Rais_Thres) for judging voltage rise abnormity Rise difference afterwards and is less than voltage ascendant trend outlier threshold, i.e. vras<Vrais_Thres, the alarm of system sending voltage rise abnormity is simultaneously Stop channel and exits current working status；
Step 8: electric voltage exception decline monitoring: if electric voltage exception decline pilot switch is opened, carrying out under electric voltage exception Drop detection, otherwise skips this step.It is as follows that electric voltage exception declines detection algorithm: calculating dominant record voltage VmaxWith present sample Data VnDifference DELTA V=Vmax-v(n).If in the time limit (Time_Drop_Thres) for judging electric voltage exception decline: It records decline difference in the opposite offset n_max < Time_Drop_Thres of Vmax and is greater than threshold value, i.e. Δ V > Δ VdSystem hair Voltage, which declines abnormal alarm and stops channel, out exits current working status；
Step 9: voltage downward trend abnormal monitoring: if voltage downward trend abnormal monitoring switch is opened, carrying out electricity The detection of drops trend anomaly, otherwise skips this step.Voltage downward trend Outlier Detection Algorithm is as follows:
(1) it calculates difference d (n)=V (n)-V (n-1) of voltage sample and obtains the positive and negative d of dnsng(n)；
(2) judge whether downward trend occur by calculating the sum of symbol: and if dsng(n) it is less than threshold value, i.e. ∑ dsng < Dt, then there is downward trend, execute (3)；
(3) such as Trend tracing is inactive, i.e. tracking mark trace_flg=0, starts Trend tracing, records downward trend Starting point voltage Vref=v (n)；If Trend tracing has been started up, it is incremented by the record trend N_trend of downward trend counter: N_trend=N_trend+1；
(4) descending slope Slope=[Vref-v (n)]/N_trend is calculated；
(5) judge whether slope is more than descending slope threshold value Slope > Slop_Thres, if being more than descending slope threshold value Issue the early warning of battery internal short-circuit；
Step 10: step 4 is repeated to step 9 until channel work step is completed or exception is exited to each sampled point.
Embodiment 3
In an embodiment of the present invention, internal short-circuit voltage and current method for detecting abnormality in lithium battery automated production, The lithium battery is in constant-current charge, constant-voltage charge or constant-current discharge state, the corresponding current anomaly are as follows: constant-current charge is different Often, constant-voltage charge exception or constant-current discharge are abnormal.
As shown in fig. 7, judging whether the current data includes the following steps: extremely
It filters out the noise of the current data and dynamically updates data cached；
Determine the state of the lithium battery and the rate of change of calculating current；
The rate of change threshold value comparison of the rate of change of the electric current and pre-set electric current, if the variation of the electric current Rate is greater than the rate of change threshold value of pre-set electric current, then the variation abnormality of electric current.
The rate of change of calculating current: d=(Cn-Cn-N+1)/N, wherein CnIt is real-time current data, Cn-N+1It is in reality When at the time of n-hour before current data, N is time interval；
The rate of change threshold value that the lithium battery is in pre-set electric current when constant-current charge state is T1If d > T1, then Constant-current charge is abnormal；
The rate of change threshold value that the lithium battery is in pre-set electric current when constant-voltage charge state is T2If d > T2, then Constant-voltage charge is abnormal；
The rate of change threshold value that the lithium battery is in pre-set electric current when constant-current discharge state is T3If d > T3, then Constant-current discharge is abnormal.
Specifically, can be carried out according to following operation in practical automated production:
Step 1: equipment enters forming and capacity dividing technique, and starting work step carries out charge and discharge to lithium battery；
Step 2: resetting all variables；
Step 3: judging whether lithium battery enters charging and discharging state, if entering step 4 into charging and discharging state；
Step 4: equipment acquires current data Cn, and noise is filtered out by low-pass filter, it is slow to update electric current observation It deposits c_buff buffer: removing the sampled point in buffer before n-hour, and general who has surrendered's present sample data CnDeposit caching；
Step 5: calculating current rate of change: d=(Cn-Cn-N+1)/N, and make comparisons with threshold value, wherein CnIt is real-time Current data, Cn-N+1Current data before being n-hour at the time of real-time, N are time intervals；
(1) given threshold T: if being currently in constant-current charge state, constant-current charge outlier threshold T=Tccc, if mesh It is preceding to be in constant-voltage charge state, constant-voltage charge outlier threshold T=Tcvc, if being currently in constant-current discharge state, constant-current discharge Outlier threshold T=Tccd；
(2) compare: if d is greater than T, Cutoff current occurs abnormal, stops channel and exits current work step, otherwise repeatedly step 4。
Embodiment 4
As shown in figure 8, the present invention also provides a kind of lithium battery internal short-circuit voltage and current abnormality detection systems, comprising:
Charge/discharge unit, for carrying out charge and discharge to lithium battery；
Voltage acquisition unit, for acquiring the voltage data at the lithium battery both ends in real time；
Current acquisition unit, for acquiring the current data by the lithium battery in real time；
Processing unit, for judging whether the voltage data and the current data are abnormal；When the voltage and/or institute When stating current anomaly, stop charge and discharge.
It is understood that the above-mentioned restriction for each unit is only functional, it is actually any to may be implemented System of the invention is ok.In another embodiment of the invention, processing unit can also judge temperature it is whether abnormal or Whether smog is abnormal, can all take foregoing respective operations.
Embodiment 5
The present invention realizes all or part of the process in above-described embodiment method, can also be instructed by computer program Relevant hardware is completed, and the computer program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, the computer program When being executed by processor, it can be achieved that the step of above-mentioned each embodiment of the method.Wherein, the computer program includes computer Program code, the computer program code can be source code form, object identification code form, executable file or certain centres Form etc..The computer-readable medium may include: can carry the computer program code any entity or device, Recording medium, USB flash disk, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, CD, computer storage, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software Distribution medium etc..It should be noted that the content that the computer-readable medium includes can be according to making laws in jurisdiction Requirement with patent practice carries out increase and decrease appropriate, such as in certain jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer Readable medium does not include electric carrier signal and telecommunication signal.
Embodiment 6
It is applied in actual production using system and method for the invention, is 6:2:2's to 12 nickel cobalt manganese NCM proportions 53Ah ternary battery core carries out charge and discharge cycles test, wherein having 3 in 12 battery cores for bad battery core but not making a check mark, tests Purpose is whether to be capable of detecting when bad battery core by charge and discharge cycles test verifying this system to lithium battery.
The voltage curve of battery core when Fig. 9 is constant-current constant-voltage charging, Figure 10 are the electricity calculated in real time using system of the invention Pressure trend, current curve when Figure 11 is constant-current constant-voltage charging, Figure 12 are to be become using the electric current that system of the invention calculates in real time Gesture.As shown in Figure 10 and Figure 12, in constant voltage charging phase, there are the voltage trend and current trend such as Fig. 9-Figure 12 institute of three battery cores Show, bad battery core shows the abnormal jump for being different from normal battery core in voltage trend and current trend simultaneously, can be by bad electricity Core detected and mark.
In another embodiment of the invention, this system detection judges bad battery core quantity 2.3 ten thousand, by surveying offline Test card erroneous judgement 150, False Rate is less than 0.01 ‰.
Embodiment 7
The temperature anomaly detection subsystem of the present embodiment includes: the lithium battery in tab one temperature probe of crimping；It can With understanding, since each lithium battery has a temperature probe to be crimped on tab, in the charge and discharge process of lithium battery, The temperature of lithium battery is monitored in real-time, and when tab temperature continues to exceed temperature threshold, temperature anomaly detection subsystem can be issued Temperature anomaly alarm.
Embodiment 8
For soft-package battery, because soft-package battery plastic-aluminum envelope heating conduction is bad, soft pack cell body temperature and pole Piece temperature difference is larger.For such situation, the present embodiment 8 is given by software and counts to the battery core surface temperature of lithium battery The method of calculation.In the present embodiment, one row's array of temperature sensor of each installation in front and back, the temperature at the top of the needle bed of the lithium battery Spending sensor array includes equidistant L temperature sensor, constitutes the array of temperature sensor of 2*L.It can be according to 2*L temperature Sensor measurement data calculates the temperature of each battery pack.It is exemplified below:
It as shown in figure 15, is the temperature on the system and method measurement battery core surface of the invention applied in actual production The specific example of degree, the top front two rows of the needle bed 2 of the partial volume of lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system are respectively mounted with 4 temperature Sensor is spent, totally 8 temperature sensors constitute array of temperature sensor, and a pallet 3 places 32 soft pack cells 4, each 4 surface of battery core, which is all installed, placed temperature sensor 1 for measuring the temperature on battery core surface.Each lithium battery crimps one in tab A temperature probe, visual probe installation mould group 6 and probe rides mould group 7 in figure.Smoke sensor device 5 is arranged in temperature sensor 1 Between battery core 4.
As shown in figure 13, in embodiment, the method for calculating the battery core surface temperature of the lithium battery includes the following steps:
T1: the correlation of the battery core surface temperature of the lithium battery and the measurement temperature of the temperature sensor is calculated；
T2: according to the electricity of lithium battery described in the correlation and the measurement temperature real-time estimation of the array of temperature sensor Wicking surface temperature.
As shown in figure 14, step T1 includes:
T11: the cross-correlation matrix between the temperature sensor is calculated:
Wherein, rN, lBetween the measurement temperature of n-th temperature sensor and the measurement temperature of first of temperature sensor Cross-correlation,Between the measurement temperature of n-th temperature sensor and the measurement temperature of first of temperature sensor Covariance,For the variance of the measurement temperature of n-th of temperature sensor,First of temperature sensor measurement temperature The variance of degree；
T12: calculating the cross-correlation matrix between each lithium battery and the temperature sensor,
Wherein, cM, lFor the cross-correlation between m-th of battery core surface temperature and first of temperature sensor measurement temperature,For the covariance between m-th of temperature sensor surface temperature and first of temperature sensor measurement temperature,For the variance of m-th of battery core surface temperature,The variance of first of temperature sensor measurement temperature.
Step T2 includes: the measurement temperature vector for being located at temperature sensor described in the k moment are as follows:
According to the temperature on 2D-MMSE criterion battery core surface are as follows:
In general, can be judged as that temperature is different when battery pole ear surface temperature or battery core surface temperature are more than 100 degrees Celsius Often, starting alarm.
Figure 16 shows the evaluated error point between battery core surface temperature and actual measurement temperature using this system estimation Cloth, from result, it can be seen that, most errors is distributed in the range of [- 0.1,0.1], mean square error 6e-3.Thus As it can be seen that its result is very reliable, it is able to satisfy the requirement of thermal runaway early warning protection.
The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be said that Specific implementation of the invention is only limited to these instructions.For those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs, it is not taking off Under the premise of from present inventive concept, several equivalent substitute or obvious modifications can also be made, and performance or use is identical, all answered When being considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (20)

1. a kind of lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system characterized by comprising
Voltage and current abnormality detection subsystem, for acquiring the electricity at the lithium battery both ends in real time during charging and discharging lithium battery Data and the current data by the lithium battery are pressed, judges whether the voltage data and the current data are abnormal；Work as institute When stating voltage and/or the current anomaly, stop charge and discharge；
Temperature anomaly detects subsystem, for acquiring the temperature of the lithium battery in real time during the charging and discharging lithium battery, Judge whether the temperature is more than pre-set temperature threshold, when the temperature is more than the temperature threshold, issues temperature Abnormal alarm；
Smoke sensing abnormality detection subsystem, for during the charging and discharging lithium battery real-time detection whether have smog, when When detecting smog, starting alarm and fire-fighting spraying.
2. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the voltage and current is examined extremely Abnormal letter can be captured prior to temperature anomaly detection subsystem and the smoke sensing abnormality detection subsystem by surveying subsystem Number；The voltage and current abnormality detection subsystem synchronizes the voltage data for acquiring the lithium battery both ends in real time and by the lithium At least one of current data of battery, and internal short-circuit Monitoring Indexes are carried out, and judge the voltage data and the electric current Whether the internal short-circuit index of at least one of data is abnormal.
3. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that judge that the voltage data is No exception includes the following steps:
The noise of the voltage data is filtered out, chooses the voltage data that undersampling rate reaches setting numerical value, and dynamic in real time Update dominant record voltage；
The internal short-circuit Monitoring Indexes are carried out, the internal short-circuit Monitoring Indexes include synchronous the progress detection of voltage rise abnormity, electricity Reduce off-flavor often declines at least one of detection, voltage downward trend abnormality detection.
4. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the voltage rise abnormity inspection Survey includes:
Calculate real-time voltage data VnWith charging starting voltage VstartDifference Vras=Vn-Vstart；
Judge whether the difference is less than pre-set voltage ascending threshold, if the difference is less than the pre-set electricity Press ascending threshold then voltage rise abnormity.
The electric voltage exception decline, which detects, includes:
Calculate the dominant record voltage VmaxWith real-time voltage data VnDifference DELTA V=Vmax-Vn；
Judge whether the difference is more than pre-set voltage falling-threshold value, if the difference is more than the pre-set electricity Then voltage decline is abnormal for drops threshold value；
The voltage downward trend abnormality detection includes:
Calculate the difference of the voltage data at the lithium battery both ends acquired in real time: dn=Vn-Vn-1And obtain the positive and negative symbol of dn Number dsng-n,
Calculate the symbol and whether be more than pre-set voltage downward trend threshold value, if the symbol and be less than described Pre-set voltage downward trend threshold value, then recording voltage downward trend starting point voltage Vref,
Calculate voltage descending slope: S=(Vref-Vn)/N, wherein N is voltage undersampling rate；
Judge whether the voltage descending slope is more than pre-set descending slope threshold value, if the voltage descending slope is super Crossing the pre-set descending slope threshold value, then voltage downward trend is abnormal.
5. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the lithium battery is in constant current Charging, constant-voltage charge or constant-current discharge state, the corresponding current anomaly are as follows: constant-current charge is abnormal, constant-voltage charge is abnormal or Constant-current discharge is abnormal.
6. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that judge that the current data is No exception includes the following steps:
It filters out the noise of the current data and dynamically updates data cached；
Determine the state of the lithium battery and the rate of change of calculating current: d=(Cn-Cn-N+1)/N, wherein CnIt is real-time electricity Flow data, Cn-N+1Current data before being n-hour at the time of real-time, N are time intervals；
The rate of change threshold value comparison of the rate of change of the electric current and pre-set electric current: the lithium battery is filled in constant current The rate of change threshold value of pre-set electric current is T when electricity condition1If d > T1, then constant-current charge is abnormal；The lithium battery is in The rate of change threshold value of pre-set electric current is T when constant-voltage charge state2If d > T2, then constant-voltage charge is abnormal；The lithium electricity The rate of change threshold value that pond is in pre-set electric current when constant-current discharge state is T3If d > T3, then constant-current discharge is abnormal.
7. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that temperature anomaly detects subsystem It include: the temperature probe for being crimped on the lithium battery pole ear；
Or, temperature anomaly detection subsystem includes: row's temperature sensing that front and back is respectively installed at the top of the needle bed of the lithium battery Device array, the array of temperature sensor include equidistant L temperature sensor；Computing device, for according to temperature sensing The testing result of device array calculates the battery core surface temperature of the lithium battery.
8. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that calculate the electricity of the lithium battery The method of wicking surface temperature includes the following steps:
T1: the correlation of the battery core surface temperature of the lithium battery and the measurement temperature of the temperature sensor is calculated；
T2: according to the battery core table of lithium battery described in the correlation and the measurement temperature real-time estimation of the array of temperature sensor Face temperature.
9. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that step T1 includes:
T11: the cross-correlation matrix between the temperature sensor is calculated:
Wherein, rN, lIt is mutual between the measurement temperature of n-th temperature sensor and the measurement temperature of first of temperature sensor It closes,For the association side between the measurement temperature of n-th temperature sensor and the measurement temperature of first of temperature sensor Difference,For the variance of the measurement temperature of n-th of temperature sensor,First temperature sensor measurement temperature Variance；
T12: calculating the cross-correlation matrix between each lithium battery and the temperature sensor,
Wherein, cM, lFor the cross-correlation between m-th of battery core surface temperature and first of temperature sensor measurement temperature,For the covariance between m-th of temperature sensor surface temperature and first of temperature sensor measurement temperature,For the variance of m-th of battery core surface temperature,The variance of first of temperature sensor measurement temperature.
10. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning protection system as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that step T2 includes:
It is located at the measurement temperature vector of temperature sensor described in the k moment are as follows:
According to the temperature on 2D-MMSE criterion battery core surface are as follows:
11. a kind of lithium battery thermal runaway early warning guard method, which comprises the steps of:
S1: carrying out charge and discharge to lithium battery and determines that the lithium battery enters charging and discharging state；
S2: voltage and current inspection, temperature anomaly detection and smoke sensing abnormality detection extremely are carried out to lithium battery；
Wherein,
Voltage and current inspection extremely includes synchronizing the voltage data for acquiring the lithium battery both ends in real time and by the lithium electricity At least one of the current data in pond, and carry out internal short-circuit Monitoring Indexes；Judge the voltage data and the current data At least one of internal short-circuit index it is whether abnormal；When one of the voltage data and the current data are abnormal, Stop carrying out charge and discharge to lithium battery；
The temperature detection includes: to acquire the temperature of the lithium battery in real time during the charging and discharging lithium battery, judges institute State whether temperature is more than pre-set temperature threshold, when the temperature is more than the temperature threshold, issues temperature anomaly report It is alert；
Whether real-time detection has smog during the smoke sensing abnormality detection is included in the charging and discharging lithium battery, works as detection When to smog, starting alarm and fire-fighting spraying.
12. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning guard method as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that judge the voltage data Whether exception includes the following steps:
The noise of the voltage data is filtered out, chooses the voltage data that undersampling rate reaches setting numerical value, and dynamic in real time Update dominant record voltage；
The internal short-circuit Monitoring Indexes are carried out, the internal short-circuit Monitoring Indexes include synchronous the progress detection of voltage rise abnormity, electricity Reduce off-flavor often declines at least one of detection, voltage downward trend abnormality detection.
13. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning guard method as claimed in claim 12, which is characterized in that the voltage rise abnormity Detection includes:
Calculate real-time voltage data VnWith charging starting voltage VstartDifference Vras=Vn-Vstart；
Judge whether the difference is less than pre-set voltage ascending threshold, if the difference is less than the pre-set electricity Press ascending threshold then voltage rise abnormity.
14. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning guard method as claimed in claim 12, which is characterized in that the electric voltage exception decline Detection includes:
Calculate the dominant record voltage VmaxWith real-time voltage data VnDifference DELTA V=Vmax-Vn；
Judge whether the difference is more than pre-set voltage falling-threshold value, if the difference is more than the pre-set electricity Then voltage decline is abnormal for drops threshold value.
15. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning guard method as claimed in claim 12, which is characterized in that the voltage downward trend Abnormality detection includes:
Calculate the difference of the voltage data at the lithium battery both ends acquired in real time: dn=Vn-Vn-1And obtain the positive and negative symbol of dn Number dsng-n；
Calculate the symbol and whether be more than pre-set voltage downward trend threshold value, if the symbol and be less than described Pre-set voltage downward trend threshold value, then recording voltage downward trend starting point voltage Vref；
Calculate voltage descending slope: S=(Vref-Vn)/N, wherein N is voltage undersampling rate；
Judge whether the voltage descending slope is more than pre-set descending slope threshold value, if the voltage descending slope is super Crossing the pre-set descending slope threshold value, then voltage downward trend is abnormal.
16. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning guard method as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that the lithium battery is in perseverance Current charge, constant-voltage charge or constant-current discharge state, the corresponding current anomaly are as follows: constant-current charge is abnormal, constant-voltage charge is abnormal Or constant-current discharge is abnormal.
17. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning guard method as claimed in claim 16, which is characterized in that judge the current data Whether exception includes the following steps:
It filters out the noise of the current data and dynamically updates data cached；
Determine the state of the lithium battery and the rate of change of calculating current；
The rate of change threshold value comparison of the rate of change of the electric current and pre-set electric current, if the rate of change of the electric current Greater than the rate of change threshold value of pre-set electric current, then the variation abnormality of electric current.
18. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning guard method as claimed in claim 17, which is characterized in that
The rate of change of calculating current: d=(Cn-Cn-N+1)/N, wherein CnIt is real-time current data, Cn-N+1It is real-time Current data before the n-hour at moment, N are time intervals；
The rate of change threshold value that the lithium battery is in pre-set electric current when constant-current charge state is T1If d > T1, then constant current Charging is abnormal；
The rate of change threshold value that the lithium battery is in pre-set electric current when constant-voltage charge state is T2If d > T2, then constant pressure Charging is abnormal；
The rate of change threshold value that the lithium battery is in pre-set electric current when constant-current discharge state is T3If d > T3, then constant current Electric discharge is abnormal.
19. lithium battery thermal runaway early warning guard method as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that in the needle of the lithium battery Row's array of temperature sensor that bed top front and back is respectively installed, the array of temperature sensor include that equidistant L temperature passes Sensor；The battery core surface temperature of the lithium battery is calculated according to the testing result of array of temperature sensor using computing device；Its In, the method for calculating the battery core surface temperature of the lithium battery includes the following steps:
T1: the correlation of the battery core surface temperature of the lithium battery and the measurement temperature of the temperature sensor is calculated；
T2: according to the battery core table of lithium battery described in the correlation and the measurement temperature real-time estimation of the array of temperature sensor Face temperature；
Step T1 includes:
T11: the cross-correlation matrix between the temperature sensor is calculated:
Wherein, rN, lIt is mutual between the measurement temperature of n-th temperature sensor and the measurement temperature of first of temperature sensor It closes,For the association side between the measurement temperature of n-th temperature sensor and the measurement temperature of first of temperature sensor Difference,For the variance of the measurement temperature of n-th of temperature sensor,The side of first of temperature sensor measurement temperature Difference；
T12: the cross-correlation matrix between each lithium battery and the temperature sensor is calculated
Wherein, cM, lFor the cross-correlation between m-th of battery core surface temperature and first of temperature sensor measurement temperature, For the covariance between m-th of temperature sensor surface temperature and first of temperature sensor measurement temperature,It is m-th The variance of battery core surface temperature,The variance of first of temperature sensor measurement temperature.
20. a kind of computer readable storage medium, the computer-readable recording medium storage has computer program, and feature exists In method of the realization as described in claim 11-19 is any when the computer program is executed by processor.
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DE102022001527B4 (en) 2022-05-02 2024-02-08 Mercedes-Benz Group AG Method for monitoring a traction battery of a motor vehicle
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CN116520171A (en) * 2023-06-29 2023-08-01 广汽埃安新能源汽车股份有限公司 Method and device for determining early warning strategy of thermal runaway of battery
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