CN110346447B - Optimization method of calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor - Google Patents
Optimization method of calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor Download PDFInfo
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- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
- G01N27/9006—Details, e.g. in the structure or functioning of sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
- G01N27/9046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents by analysing electrical signals
Abstract
The invention provides an optimization method of a calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor, which is characterized in that a target function is made to be zero according to the principle of differential excitation, so that the proportional relation between the excitation currents of all wire rings of an excitation coil is obtained, and then the proportional relation between the width and the diameter quotient of the wire adopted by each wire ring is obtained according to ohm's law; because the size of each wire ring of the wound excitation coil is determined based on the differential excitation principle, the magnetic fluxes provided by each wire ring of the excitation coil to the signal pickup coil are the same in size and can be mutually counteracted, that is, the size of each wire ring of the excitation coil obtained by the invention can certainly achieve the purpose of differential excitation, thereby improving the sensitivity of the calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor in detecting fatigue cracks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic nondestructive testing, and particularly relates to an optimization method of a calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor.
Background
In recent years, the aerospace industry is rapidly developed, more airplanes are put into civil use, most airplanes run under high load, the monitoring on the health of the airplane structure is particularly important under the high load running, and the existence of cracks at the periphery of a bolt hole belongs to an important link of the airplane safety structure, and the monitoring is extremely important for the safe running of the airplane. The eddy current sensor has the advantages of low price, simple and convenient manufacture, easy operation and superiority in structural health monitoring. The calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor is composed of an excitation coil and a signal pickup coil, has unique advantages on cracks around the bolt hole, and is one of the preferred modes. The excitation coils of the calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor are energized with the same-direction excitation current, the directions of the magnetic fields between the excitation coils are opposite, and a part of output voltage is counteracted, and the principle is similar to that of a differential excitation eddy current sensor. However, because the lengths and widths of the wires forming the excitation coils inside and outside are different, and the excitation currents in the excitation coils of each layer contribute to the magnetic flux in the signal pickup coil differently, the excitation currents with the same strength cannot make the induced voltage output of the signal pickup coil zero when the calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor detects no cracks around the bolt hole, and the differential excitation cannot be realized well, so that the sensitivity is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an optimization method for a calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor, which can achieve the purpose of differential excitation, thereby improving the sensitivity of the calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor in detecting fatigue cracks.
A method for optimizing a calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor, wherein the calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor comprises an excitation coil and a signal pickup coil, the excitation coil is composed of at least three conductor rings which are mutually connected in parallel and are concentric, the signal pickup coil is composed of at least two concentric structural members, the structural members are composed of two conductor rings which are mutually connected in series and are concentric, and the number of the structural members is one less than that of the conductor rings of the excitation coil, and the method for optimizing the calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor comprises the following steps:
s1: respectively obtaining induction voltages obtained after the inner and outer lead rings of each structural part pick up the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil, then obtaining the induction voltage difference between the inner and outer lead rings of the same structural part, and taking the minimum value of the square sum of the induction voltage differences as a target function f;
s2: assuming that the excitation current introduced into each wire ring in the excitation coil is I n Obtaining the induction voltage and excitation corresponding to the inner and outer wire rings of each structural memberCurrent I n The mapping relation between the two is shown in the specification, wherein N =1,2, \8230, and N are the number of concentric circles;
s3: obtaining the value of the unknown coefficient in the mapping relation through simulation software comsol;
s4: substituting the numerical value of the unknown coefficient into the mapping relation to obtain the expression of each induction voltage with the known coefficient;
s5: substituting expressions of various induced voltages with known coefficients into the objective function, and enabling the objective function f =0 according to a differential excitation principle to obtain an excitation current I n The proportional relationship between the two;
s6: based on ohm's law, according to the excitation current I n The proportional relation between the two lead rings obtains the proportional relation of the quotient of the width and the diameter of the lead adopted by each lead ring in the exciting coil, thereby determining the size of each lead ring for winding the exciting coil.
Furthermore, the excitation coil comprises three wire rings, the distances between the three wire rings are equal, the signal pickup coil comprises two structural members, the distances between the inner wire ring and the outer wire ring of each structural member are equal, the center of the excitation coil coincides with the center of the signal pickup coil, the distance between the inner wire ring and the outer wire ring of each structural member is smaller than the distance between the wire rings of the excitation coil, and the difference value between the inner wire ring and the outer wire ring is smaller than a set value.
Further, the objective function f is specifically:
min：f＝(V P1 -V P23 ) 2 +(V P23 -V P4 ) 2
wherein, V P1 An induced voltage V obtained by picking up the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil for the outer wire ring of the external structural member P23 An induced voltage, V, obtained by picking up the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil for the inner wire ring of the external structural member or the outer wire ring of the internal structural member P4 And (3) obtaining an induction voltage after the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil is picked up by an inner lead ring of the internal structural member, wherein min is the minimum value.
Further, it is assumed that the excitation currents passed through the three layers of wire circular rings from inside to outside of the excitation coil are respectivelyIs shown as I 1 、I 2 、I 3 Then, the mapping relationship satisfied between the excitation current and the induced voltage is as follows:
wherein, a 11 ～a 13 Respectively an induced voltage V P1 And an excitation current I 1 、I 2 、I 3 Unknown coefficient of between, a 21 ～a 23 Respectively an induced voltage V P23 And an excitation current I 1 、I 2 、I 3 Unknown coefficient of between, a 31 ～a 33 Respectively an induced voltage V P4 And an excitation current I 1 、I 2 、I 3 Unknown coefficients in between.
Further, a specific obtaining method of the proportional relationship between the width of the wire and the quotient of the diameter of the wire adopted by each wire ring in the excitation coil is as follows:
v = ρ L according to ohm's law n I n /S n To obtain I n ∝S n /L n Wherein V is the voltage introduced into each wire ring of the exciting coil, rho is the resistivity of each wire ring of the exciting coil, and L n For exciting the circumference of the wire loops of the coil, S n The sectional area of each wire ring of the wound exciting coil;
according to I n ∝S n /L n To obtain I 1 :I 2 :I 3 ＝d 1 /R 1 :d 2 /R 2 :d 3 /R 3 Thereby determining the size of each wire ring of the wound exciting coil, wherein d 1 、d 2 、d 3 Respectively the width R of the conducting wire adopted by the conducting wire circular ring from inside to outside 1 、R 2 、R 3 Respectively the diameter of the wire circular ring from inside to outside.
Has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an optimization method of a calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor, which is characterized in that a target function is made to be zero according to the principle of differential excitation, so that the proportional relation between the excitation currents of all wire rings of an excitation coil is obtained, and then the proportional relation between the width and the diameter quotient of the wire adopted by each wire ring is obtained according to ohm's law; because the size of each wire ring of the wound excitation coil is determined based on the differential excitation principle, the magnetic fluxes provided by each wire ring of the excitation coil to the signal pickup coil are the same in size and can be mutually counteracted, that is, the size of each wire ring of the excitation coil obtained by the invention can certainly achieve the purpose of differential excitation, thereby improving the sensitivity of the calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor in detecting fatigue cracks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an excitation coil provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a signal pickup coil provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the direction of the magnetic induction line of the calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
In this embodiment, an optimization method of a calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor is described in detail by taking an example in which an excitation coil includes three wire rings and a signal pickup coil includes two structural members.
Referring to fig. 1, the figure is a schematic structural view of the calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor provided in this embodiment. The calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor comprises an excitation coil and a signal pickup coil, wherein the excitation coil is composed of three concentric wire circular rings which are mutually connected in parallel as shown in fig. 2, and the intervals among the three wire circular rings are equal; as shown in fig. 3, the signal pickup coil is composed of two structural members with equal width, that is, the signal pickup coil is a dual-channel coil composed of an external structural member i and an internal structural member ii, wherein the structural members are composed of two wire rings which are mutually connected in series and are concentric, and the distance between the inner wire ring and the outer wire ring of each structural member is equal; meanwhile, as can be seen from fig. 1, the centers of the excitation coil and the signal pickup coil are overlapped, the distance between the inner and outer wire rings of each structural member is smaller than the distance between the wire rings of the excitation coil, and the difference between the two wire rings is smaller than a set value, and the optimization method includes the following steps:
s1: constructing an objective function f:
min：f＝(V P1 -V P23 ) 2 +(V P23 -V P4 ) 2
wherein, V P1 An induced voltage V obtained after the outer wire ring of the external structural member picks up the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil P23 An induced voltage V obtained after the inner conductor ring of the external structural member or the outer conductor ring of the internal structural member picks up the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil P4 And (3) obtaining an induction voltage after the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil is picked up by an inner lead ring of the internal structural member, wherein min is the minimum value.
It should be noted that, when a fatigue crack-free test piece is detected, the magnetic fluxes provided by the exciting coil to the signal pickup coil have the same magnitude and opposite directions, and cancel each other out, so that the generated induced voltage is zero; when fatigue cracks exist in the test piece, the magnetic flux balance provided by the exciting coil to the signal pickup coil is broken, so that differential excitation is formed, and induced voltage is generated in the signal pickup coil; the differential eddy current sensor utilizes the characteristics that the differential coil offsets the same signal and the difference signal is superposed, can effectively inhibit common-mode interference signals such as temperature and lift-off effect, and is more suitable for identifying tiny cracks.
It should be noted that the derivation process of the objective function f is as follows:
the sensor is divided into an excitation coil portion and a signal pickup coil portion. As shown in fig. 3, the signal pickup coil is composed of an external structural member I and an internal structural member ii, and the induced voltage V generated by the external structural member I picking up the magnetic flux is set 1 The induced voltage generated by the magnetic flux picked up by the internal structural part II is V 2 . The objective function of the least squares method isSolving the following steps:
the lead ring of the signal pickup coil of the calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor is divided into four layers, and each layer of lead ring is arranged from outside to inside to obtain a signal voltage V after the magnetic field generated by the pickup excitation coil P1 、V P2 、V P3 、V P4 V, because the directions of the picked magnetic field lines are different P1 、V P2 、V P3 、V P4 There is a difference in direction, thereby giving V 1 ＝V P1 -V P2 、V 2 ＝V P3 -V P4 (ii) a At the same time, due to V P2 And V P3 All pick up the magnetic field in the vicinity of the second wire loop of the excitation coil, so that V P2 ＝V P3 ＝V P23 The objective function can thus be converted into:
min：f＝(V P1 -V P23 ) 2 +(V P23 -V P4 ) 2
s2: assuming that the exciting currents introduced into the three layers of wire circular rings of the exciting coil from inside to outside are I respectively 1 、I 2 、I 3 Then, the following mapping relationship is satisfied between the excitation current and the induced voltage:
wherein, a 11 ～a 13 Respectively an induced voltage V P1 And an excitation current I 1 、I 2 、I 3 Unknown coefficient of between, a 21 ～a 23 Respectively an induced voltage V P23 And an excitation current I 1 、I 2 、I 3 Unknown coefficient of between, a 31 ～a 33 Respectively an induced voltage V P4 And an excitation current I 1 、I 2 、I 3 Unknown coefficients in between.
It should be noted that the derivation process of the mapping relationship is as follows:
an outer lead ring of an external structural component picks up a resultant magnetic field near a lead ring at the outermost layer of an excitation coil to generate an electromotive force V P1 The resultant magnetic field near the outermost wire ring of the exciting coil is contributed by the exciting current respectively passing through each wire ring of the exciting coil, but the contribution of the exciting current in each wire ring of the exciting coil to the resultant magnetic field is different, so V can be defined P1 And I 1 、I 2 、I 3 The relationship between them is:
V P1 ＝a 11 I 1 +a 12 I 2 +a 13 I 3
by the same token, V can be defined P23 、V 4 And I 1 、I 2 、I 3 The relationship between them is:
V P23 ＝a 21 I 1 +a 22 I 2 +a 23 I 3
V 4 ＝a 31 I 1 +a 32 I 2 +a 33 I 3
the mapping relation obtained by converting the determinant is as follows:
meanwhile, when I = |1 0! does not count light T When, | V p1 V p23 V p4 | T ＝|a 11 a 21 a 31 | T ；
When I = |0 T When, | V p1 V p23 V p4 | T ＝|a 12 a 22 a 32 | T ；
When I = |0 1 T When, | V p1 V p23 V p4 | T ＝|a 13 a 23 a 33 | T ；
S3: and obtaining the numerical value of each unknown coefficient through simulation software comsol.
S4: and substituting the numerical value of each unknown coefficient into the mapping relation to obtain the expression of each induction voltage with known coefficient.
S5: substituting expressions of all induction voltages with known coefficients into the objective function, and enabling the objective function f =0 according to a differential excitation principle to obtain an excitation current I 1 、I 2 、I 3 The proportional relationship between them.
It should be noted that the calyx-shaped planar sensor in this embodiment has two structural members, and the two structural members pick up 4 portions of magnetic flux, i.e. generate induced voltage signals V P1 、V P2 、V P3 、V P4 Wherein, referring to fig. 4, the diagram is a schematic diagram of the direction of the magnetic induction line of the calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor provided in this embodiment; induced voltage V P1 And V P3 Corresponding magnetic flux direction and induced voltage V P2 And V P4 The corresponding magnetic flux directions are opposite. V P1 -V P2 Induced voltage, V, generated by the pick-up of magnetic flux for external structural elements P3 -V P4 The induced voltage generated by the magnetic flux is picked up for the internal structure. According to the differential excitation principle, when a fatigue crack-free test piece is detected, the induced voltage is as follows: (V) P1 -V P2 ) 2 +(V P3 -V P4 ) 2 =0, then V is obtained P1 ＝V P2 ＝V P3 ＝V P4 That is, to realize differential excitation, the magnetic flux provided to the signal pickup coil by the wire loops of each layer of the excitation coil needs to be equal.
S6: v = ρ L according to ohm's law n I n /S n To obtain I n ∝S n /L n Wherein V is the voltage applied to each wire ring of the exciting coil, ρ is the resistivity of each wire ring of the exciting coil, and L n For energizing the coil wire ringsCircumference of, S n The sectional area of the wire of each wire ring of the wound exciting coil is I, and I is exciting current.
It should be noted that, because the wire rings of each layer of the excitation coil are connected in parallel at equal intervals, the voltages applied to the wire rings are the same, and the material around which the wire rings of the excitation coil are wound is the same, so that the resistivity of the wire rings of the excitation coil is the same.
S7: according to I n ∝S n /L n To obtain I 1 :I 2 :I 3 ＝d 1 /R 1 :d 2 /R 2 :d 3 /R 3 Thereby determining the size of each wire ring of the wound exciting coil, wherein d 1 、d 2 、d 3 Respectively the width R of the conducting wire adopted by the conducting wire circular ring from inside to outside 1 、R 2 、R 3 Respectively the diameter of the wire circular ring from inside to outside.
It should be noted that, the diameter ratio of each wire ring of the exciting coil can be determined first, and then according to the exciting current I 1 、I 2 、I 3 The width d of the wire for winding each wire ring of the exciting coil is determined according to the proportional relation between the two n To determine the size of the excitation coil of the calyx-like planar eddy current sensor that can achieve a better differential excitation. In addition, the exciting coils of the calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor are formed by wire rings with equal intervals, so that the size of the exciting current in each layer of exciting coil can be adjusted by adjusting the width of the wire of each wire ring of the exciting coil under the condition that the proportion among all exciting currents is kept unchanged.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor optimization method is disclosed, the calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor comprises an excitation coil and a signal pickup coil, wherein the excitation coil is composed of at least three concentric wire rings which are connected in parallel, the signal pickup coil is composed of at least two concentric structural members, the structural members are composed of two concentric wire rings which are connected in series, the number of the structural members is one less than that of the wire rings of the excitation coil, the calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor is characterized in that the excitation coil comprises three wire rings, the intervals between the three wire rings are equal, the signal pickup coil comprises two structural members, the intervals between the inner wire ring and the outer wire ring of each structural member are equal, the centers of the excitation coil and the signal pickup coil are overlapped, the interval between the inner wire ring and the outer wire ring of each structural member is smaller than the interval between the wire rings of the excitation coil, and the difference between the inner wire ring and the outer wire ring is smaller than a set value;
the optimization method comprises the following steps:
s1: respectively obtaining induction voltages obtained after the inner and outer lead rings of each structural part pick up the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil, then obtaining the induction voltage difference between the inner and outer lead rings of the same structural part, and taking the minimum value of the square sum of the induction voltage differences as a target function f;
s2: assuming that the exciting current introduced into each wire ring in the exciting coil is I n Obtaining the induction voltage and the excitation current I corresponding to the inner and outer wire rings of each structural member n The mapping relation between the two is shown in the specification, wherein N =1,2, \8230, and N are the number of concentric circles;
s3: obtaining the value of the unknown coefficient in the mapping relation through simulation software comsol;
s4: substituting the numerical value of the unknown coefficient into the mapping relation to obtain the expression of each induction voltage with the known coefficient;
s5: substituting expressions of various induced voltages with known coefficients into the objective function, and enabling the objective function f =0 according to a differential excitation principle to obtain an excitation current I n The proportional relationship between the two;
s6: based on ohm's law, according to the excitation current I n The proportional relation between the two lead rings obtains the proportional relation of the quotient of the width and the diameter of the lead adopted by each lead ring in the exciting coilAnd thus the size of each wire circular ring for winding the exciting coil is determined.
2. The method for optimizing a calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor according to claim 1, wherein the objective function f is specifically:
min：f＝(V P1 -V P23 ) 2 +(V P23 -V P4 ) 2
wherein, V P1 An induced voltage V obtained by picking up the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil for the outer wire ring of the external structural member P23 An induced voltage V obtained after the inner conductor ring of the external structural member or the outer conductor ring of the internal structural member picks up the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil P4 And (4) obtaining an induction voltage after the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil is picked up by an inner lead ring of the internal structural part, wherein min is the minimum value.
3. The method for optimizing a calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor according to claim 2, wherein the excitation currents introduced into the three layers of wire rings of the excitation coil from inside to outside are assumed to be I respectively 1 、I 2 、I 3 Then, the mapping relationship satisfied between the excitation current and the induced voltage is as follows:
wherein, a 11 ～a 13 Are respectively an induced voltage V P1 And an excitation current I 1 、I 2 、I 3 Unknown coefficient of between, a 21 ～a 23 Respectively an induced voltage V P23 And an excitation current I 1 、I 2 、I 3 Unknown coefficient of between, a 31 ～a 33 Respectively an induced voltage V P4 And an excitation current I 1 、I 2 、I 3 Unknown coefficients in between.
4. The method for optimizing a calyx-shaped planar eddy current sensor according to claim 3, wherein the specific obtaining method of the proportional relationship between the width and the diameter quotient of the conducting wire adopted by each conducting wire ring in the excitation coil is as follows:
v = ρ L according to ohm's law n I n /S n To obtain I n ∝S n /L n Wherein V is the voltage applied to each wire ring of the exciting coil, ρ is the resistivity of each wire ring of the exciting coil, and L n For exciting the circumference of the wire loops of the coil, S n The sectional area of the wire of each wire ring for winding the exciting coil;
according to I n ∝S n /L n To obtain I 1 :I 2 :I 3 ＝d 1 /R 1 :d 2 /R 2 :d 3 /R 3 Thereby determining the size of each wire ring of the wound exciting coil, wherein d 1 、d 2 、d 3 Respectively the width R of the conducting wire adopted by the conducting wire circular ring from inside to outside 1 、R 2 、R 3 Respectively the diameter of the wire circular ring from inside to outside.
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