CN110346137B - Automatic continuous dynamic loading method for testing bearing characteristics of air-float ball bearing - Google Patents
Automatic continuous dynamic loading method for testing bearing characteristics of air-float ball bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN110346137B CN110346137B CN201910535867.XA CN201910535867A CN110346137B CN 110346137 B CN110346137 B CN 110346137B CN 201910535867 A CN201910535867 A CN 201910535867A CN 110346137 B CN110346137 B CN 110346137B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic continuous dynamic loading method for testing the bearing characteristics of an air-floating ball bearing. The bearing capacity of the existing air-float ball bearing performance detection can not be continuously loaded. The invention can use a computer to control the loading device to apply continuously adjustable dynamic loading force according to the experiment requirement through the controller, can set any dynamic signal such as a sine signal, a square wave signal, a slope signal and the like in the experiment process, generates different bearing forces according to different input signals, and realizes the measurement of the performance parameters of the air-floating ball bearing under the action of different bearing forces; when a constant value signal is input, the loading mechanism outputs constant continuous loading force, and the dynamic characteristic of the bearing under the action of constant value loading can be measured; the online detection can be realized by recording and analyzing the measured data in real time through a computer. The invention can simulate the bearing characteristics of the air-float ball bearing under different working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precision measurement, and particularly relates to an automatic continuous dynamic loading method for testing the bearing characteristics of an air-float ball bearing.
Background
The air-float ball bearing has the advantages of high motion precision, low friction resistance, strong adaptability and the like, is widely applied to precision equipment such as an air-float platform, a precision main shaft, a gyroscope and the like, and is an ideal supporting member of an ultra-precision measuring instrument.
In order to meet the requirements of the application field on the air-float ball bearing, the influence condition of each parameter on the performance of the bearing needs to be analyzed, and then parameter optimization design is completed. The performance detection of the air-float ball bearing mainly measures the bearing capacity of the air-float ball bearing under different air supply pressures and different air film thicknesses, the pressure distribution condition in an air film gap and other static performance indexes. The pressure distribution and the thickness of the gas film of the bearing are directly influenced by the bearing characteristics of the bearing, so that the experimental analysis is carried out on the performance parameters of the bearing under the action of different bearing forces, and the parameter optimization design of the bearing has certain practical significance.
In the performance detection experiment of the air floatation ball bearing, the loading mode of the bearing capacity mainly adopts a weight type, a cylinder type, a spring type and the like. Weight type: the weight is used for applying pressure to the measured bearing, continuous loading cannot be realized, and the flexibility is low; spring type: the elastic element in the spring influences the vibration characteristic of the measured bearing; the cylinder type: the output force of the cylinder is utilized to apply pressure to the measured bearing, the loading force is unstable due to the influence of the air supply pressure fluctuation and air leakage of the cylinder, and the vibration characteristic of the measured bearing is influenced by the compressibility of air in the cylinder. The loading modes have the defects of incapability of continuous loading, influence on the dynamic characteristics of the bearing and the like. At present, scholars such as the Wangwen and Tang super frontier of Hangzhou electronic science and technology university design a device and a method for detecting the performance of an air floating ball bearing, and the device adopts a cylinder type loading mode, so that the device has the defect that continuous loading cannot be carried out in the experimental process, and therefore, dynamic characteristic research cannot be carried out on continuous loading borne by the air floating ball bearing in practical application, and the application range is narrow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic continuous dynamic loading method for testing the bearing capacity of an air-floating ball bearing, aiming at the defects of a loading mode of detecting the bearing capacity of the air-floating ball bearing, which can use a computer to control a loading device to apply continuously adjustable dynamic loading capacity according to the experimental requirements through a controller, can set any dynamic signal such as a sine signal, a square signal, a slope signal and the like in the experimental process, generates different bearing capacities according to different input signals, and realizes the measurement of the performance parameters of the air-floating ball bearing under the action of different bearing capacities. When a constant value signal is input, the loading mechanism outputs constant continuous loading force, and the dynamic characteristic of the bearing under the action of constant value loading can be measured; the online detection can be realized by recording and analyzing the measured data in real time through a computer; the loading mode can simulate the bearing characteristics of the air bearing under different working states.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention relates to an automatic continuous dynamic loading method for testing the bearing characteristics of an air-float ball bearing, which comprises the following steps:
step one, two airflow holes which are vertical to each other and distributed along the radial direction are formed in a ball head of the air-float ball bearing, the two airflow holes are communicated, and a restrictor is embedded into an outer end port of one airflow hole. Fixing the bottom of a bearing ball socket of the air-float ball bearing with the marble platform, and enabling the central axis of the bearing ball socket in the vertical direction to coincide with the central axis of the latitudinal rotating disk; placing the ball head on the bearing ball socket, and arranging an airflow hole embedded into the restrictor towards the bearing ball socket; the ball head spherical surface position point where the throttler is located is a test point. The open type air-float ball socket is arranged above the ball head, and the top of the ball head is higher than an air outlet at the top of the open type air-float ball socket; pressure gas is introduced into the bearing ball socket and the open type air-float ball socket, and air film gaps are formed between the bearing ball socket and the ball head and between the open type air-float ball socket and the ball head to support the ball head. Collecting the air pressure of an airflow hole when a ball head test point is positioned at each position point by adopting an air pressure sensor; the displacement sensor is fixedly arranged above the ball head, when the detection test point is located at each position point, a gap h between a measuring head of the displacement sensor and the top of the ball head is detected, when no pressure gas is introduced into the bearing ball socket and the open type air-float ball socket, the gap between the measuring head of the displacement sensor and the top of the ball head is set to be h0, and then the value of the air film gap is h-h 0.
Step two, selecting one of the following three schemes to load the bearing capacity of the air-float ball bearing:
static load dynamic measuring point
The computer inputs a designated load signal to the alternating current servo motor through the controller, the alternating current servo motor controls the ball screw to rotate, and the sleeve and the ball screw form a screw pair to drive the dowel bar to axially move to a designated position along the ball screw and then stop; in the rotation process of the alternating current servo motor, a rotary encoder of the alternating current servo motor carries out rotation speed detection, a torque sensor carries out torque detection, and signals detected by the rotary encoder and the torque sensor are transmitted to a computer through a data acquisition card; the bearing force output by the dowel bar is transmitted to the ball head through the pressure sensor, the dowel plate and the open type air-float ball socket; the pressure sensor measures the bearing capacity output by the AC servo motor and transmits the bearing capacity to the computer through the data acquisition card. Then, the computer sequentially positions the test point position of the ball head through the controller according to the input longitude and latitude two-dimensional coordinate data; the process of positioning the test point of the ball head to the target position point is as follows: firstly, comparing a longitude value of a target position point with a longitude value of a test point by a computer, if the longitude value of the target position point is equal to the longitude value of the test point, not starting a linear speed reduction motor, otherwise, controlling the linear speed reduction motor to drive a driving gear to rotate through a controller, and enabling inner teeth of a latitudinal rotating disc to be meshed with outer teeth of the driving gear to rotate, so that a longitudinal rotating mechanism and a ball head are driven to synchronously rotate along the latitudinal direction until the longitude value of the test point is equal; and then, the computer compares the latitude value of the target position point with the latitude value of the test point, if the latitude values are equal, the warp-wise rotating mechanism is not moved, otherwise, the warp-wise rotating mechanism is controlled by the controller to drive the warp-wise rotating disk and the ball head of the warp-wise rotating mechanism to synchronously rotate along the warp direction until the latitude value of the test point is equal to the latitude value of the target position point, and in the process, the linear speed reducing motor is always in a stop state.
② dynamic load fixed measuring point
The computer controls the linear speed reduction motor to drive the driving gear to rotate through the controller according to the input longitude value of the target position point, and the inner teeth of the latitudinal rotating disk and the outer teeth of the driving gear are meshed to rotate, so that the longitudinal rotating mechanism and the ball head are driven to synchronously rotate along the latitudinal direction until the longitude value of the test point is equal to the longitude value of the target position point; then, the computer controls the warp-wise rotating mechanism to drive the warp-wise rotating disk and the ball head of the warp-wise rotating mechanism to synchronously rotate along the warp direction according to the input target position point weft value by the warp controller until the weft value of the test point is equal to the target position point weft value, and in the process, the linear speed reduction motor is always in a stop state. Finally, the computer inputs a waveform signal to the controller, the controller controls the alternating current servo motor to control the ball screw to rotate according to the waveform signal, and the sleeve and the ball screw form a screw pair to drive the dowel bar to move axially along the ball screw; in the rotation process of the alternating current servo motor, a rotary encoder of the alternating current servo motor carries out rotation speed detection, a torque sensor carries out torque detection, and signals detected by the rotary encoder and the torque sensor are transmitted to a computer through a data acquisition card; the bearing force output by the dowel bar is transmitted to the ball head through the pressure sensor, the dowel plate and the open type air-float ball socket; the pressure sensor measures the bearing capacity output by the AC servo motor and transmits the bearing capacity to the computer through the data acquisition card.
③ dynamic load dynamic measuring point
The computer inputs a waveform signal to the controller, the controller controls the alternating current servo motor to control the ball screw to rotate according to the waveform signal, and the sleeve and the ball screw form a screw pair to drive the dowel bar to move along the axial direction of the ball screw; in the rotation process of the alternating current servo motor, a rotary encoder of the alternating current servo motor carries out rotation speed detection, a torque sensor carries out torque detection, and signals detected by the rotary encoder and the torque sensor are transmitted to a computer through a data acquisition card; the bearing force output by the dowel bar is transmitted to the ball head through the pressure sensor, the dowel plate and the open type air-float ball socket; the pressure sensor measures the bearing capacity output by the AC servo motor and transmits the bearing capacity to the computer through the data acquisition card. Then, the computer sequentially positions the test point position of the ball head through the controller according to the input longitude and latitude two-dimensional coordinate data; the process of positioning the test point of the ball head to the target position point is as follows: firstly, comparing a longitude value of a target position point with a longitude value of a test point by a computer, if the longitude value of the target position point is equal to the longitude value of the test point, not starting a linear speed reduction motor, otherwise, controlling the linear speed reduction motor to drive a driving gear to rotate through a controller, and enabling inner teeth of a latitudinal rotating disc to be meshed with outer teeth of the driving gear to rotate, so that a longitudinal rotating mechanism and a ball head are driven to synchronously rotate along the latitudinal direction until the longitude value of the test point is equal; and then, the computer compares the latitude value of the target position point with the latitude value of the test point, if the latitude values are equal, the warp-wise rotating mechanism is not moved, otherwise, the warp-wise rotating mechanism is controlled by the controller to drive the warp-wise rotating disk and the ball head of the warp-wise rotating mechanism to synchronously rotate along the warp direction until the latitude value of the test point is equal to the latitude value of the target position point, and in the process, the linear speed reducing motor is always in a stop state.
Measuring the performance parameters of the air ball bearing under the loading of the bearing capacity:
the computer establishes the relation between different positions of the ball head test point and the air film pressure under the set bearing capacity according to the air pressure value acquired by the air pressure sensor, establishes the relation between the bearing capacity of the ball head test point at the set position and the air film pressure and the air film gap according to the bearing capacity measured by the pressure sensor and the gap measured by the displacement sensor, and establishes the relation between the air film pressure and the air film gap of the ball head test point at the set position; then, the computer displays a distribution curve of the air film pressure relative to the position of the bulb test point, a relation curve of the air film pressure and the air film gap with the bearing characteristic, and a relation curve of the air film pressure and the air film gap on a screen.
And step four, after the measurement is finished, the computer controls the AC servo motor, the linear speed reducing motor and the micro DC motor to reset through the controller.
The h0 takes a value in the range of 5-60 microns.
If the sleeve reaches the limit position of the limit switch, the computer receives an output signal of the limit switch through the data acquisition card and controls the relay to cut off the power supply of the alternating current servo motor through the controller, and the spring plays a buffering role to prevent rigid collision in the loading process.
The waveform signal is a sine signal, a square wave signal or a ramp signal.
When the gas pressure sensor collects the gas pressure values of the bulb test point at different positions, the gas pressure values of 3-5 s after the direct-current speed reduction motor and the micro direct-current motor receive a stop instruction are obtained; and when the pressure sensor collects the bearing capacity, taking a pressure value of 3-5 s after the alternating current servo motor receives a start or stop instruction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the loading force is output by adopting an alternating-current servo motor, the rotary encoder and the torque sensor are used for feedback, the ball screw is used as a motion conversion mechanism to be matched with the sleeve and the linear guide rail to transmit the linear motion and the vertical loading force to the dowel bar, and the ball head can keep a motion state by combining the open type air-float ball socket, so that the working state of the bearing is convenient to judge the detection performance. Meanwhile, the invention can ensure continuous and stable loading of loading force, realize different forms of controllable loading modes, simulate various bearing working states, do not change the dynamic characteristics of the air-float bearing, can carry out dynamic characteristic research on continuous load borne by the air-float bearing in practical application, and has wider application range.
(2) The motor drives the latitudinal rotating mechanism, the measuring speed and the measuring direction can be controlled by a computer, and the bearing characteristic relation among the performance parameters of the air floating ball bearing under different bearing force states can be realized by matching different loading modes, so that the online detection is realized.
(3) The computer can establish the relation between different positions of the bulb test point and the air film pressure under the set bearing capacity according to the air pressure value acquired by the air pressure sensor, establish the relation between the bearing capacity of the bulb test point at the set position and the air film pressure and the air film gap according to the bearing capacity measured by the pressure sensor and the gap measured by the displacement sensor, and establish the relation between the air film pressure and the air film gap of the bulb test point at the set position.
(4) When the air film gap displacement is measured, the displacement variation of the ball head is directly measured by adopting a measuring head of the displacement sensor, so that the measurement deviation caused by an indirect measurement plane is avoided.
(5) When the latitudinal rotating mechanism works alone, the latitudinal rotating mechanism only has the function of adjusting the position of the ball head without the influence of bearing capacity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the loading mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional schematic view of a loading mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the weft rotating mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the automatic continuous dynamic loading device according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the present invention for loading the bearing capacity by using a static load dynamic test point manner;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the present invention for loading the bearing capacity by using a dynamic load point-fixing manner;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the present invention for loading the bearing capacity by using a dynamic load point measuring method;
in the figure: 1-cover, 2-base, 3-sensor support, 4-sliding table, 5-spring, 6-dowel bar, 7-shaft support, 8-sleeve, 9-elastic coupling, 10-torque sensor, 11-motor support, 12-AC servo motor, 13-ball screw seat, 14-ball screw, 15-linear guide rail, 16-limit switch, 17-ball head, 18-pressure guide rod, 19-gas pressure sensor, 20-displacement sensor, 21-dowel plate, 22-pressure sensor, 23-linear bearing, 24-top plate, 25-open air floating ball socket, 26-radial rotating disc, 27-micro DC motor, 28-supporting slide block, 29-rotating shaft, 30-a turntable support frame, 31-a bearing ball socket, 32-a marble platform, 33-a driving gear, 34-a direct-current speed reduction motor, 35-a thrust ball bearing, 36-a latitudinal rotating disk and 37-a limiting sleeve.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the automatic continuous dynamic loading method for the bearing characteristic test of the air-float ball bearing of the invention adopts an automatic continuous dynamic loading device which comprises a loading mechanism, a linear bearing 23, a top plate 24, a force transmission plate 21, an open air-float ball socket 25, a warp-wise rotating mechanism and a weft-wise rotating mechanism; the loading mechanism comprises a base 2, an alternating current servo motor (a rotary encoder connected with a computer in a built-in mode) 12, an elastic coupling 9, a torque sensor 10, a ball screw 14, a linear guide rail 15, a limit switch 16, a sleeve 8, a shaft support 7, a spring 5 and a dowel bar 6; the base 2 is fixed on the top plate 24; the top plate 24 is fixed on the marble platform 32 through a stand column; the seat body of the alternating current servo motor is fixed on the motor support 11, and the motor support 11 is fixed on the base 2; an output shaft of the alternating current servo motor 12 is fixedly connected with a ball screw 14 through an elastic coupling 9; the ball screw 14 and the ball screw seat 13 form a revolute pair, and the ball screw seat 13 is fixed on the sliding table 4; the torque sensor 10 is fixed on the sensor support 3, detects the torque of an output shaft of the alternating current servo motor 12, and transmits a torque signal to a computer through a data acquisition card; the sensor support 3 is fixed on the base 2; the screw nut and the ball screw 14 form a screw pair; the sleeve 8 is fixed with a screw nut and forms a sliding pair with the linear guide rail 15; the linear guide rail 15 is fixed on the sliding table 4, and the sliding table 4 is fixed on the base 2; the limit switch 16 is arranged at one end of the linear guide rail 15 far away from the alternating current servo motor 12 and is fixed on the sliding table 4; the shaft support 7 is fixed on the end surface of the sleeve 8, and the dowel bar 6 is fixed with the shaft support 7; the spring 5 is sleeved on the dowel bar 6, and only when the end face of one end of the sleeve 8, which is far away from the alternating current servo motor 12, reaches the position of the limit switch 16 (the distance between the limit switch 16 and the central axis of the dowel bar 6 is greater than the diameter of the shaft support 7, so that the limit switch 16 does not generate a signal when the dowel bar 6 and the shaft support 7 reach the position of the limit switch 16), the spring 5 is contacted with the top plate 24 to play a buffering role, and the shaft support 7 is prevented from colliding with the top plate 24; the cover 1 is fixed on the base 2, and only the dowel bar 6 and the spring 5 extend out of the cover 1; the dowel bar 6 is supported on a top plate 24 through a linear bearing 23 and is connected with the dowel plate 21 through a pressure sensor 22; the open type air-float ball socket 25 is fixed at the bottom of the force transfer plate 21; the bearing capacity of different signals applied by the AC servo motor 12 is loaded on the ball head 17 through the open type air-float ball socket 25; the displacement sensor 20 is used for detecting a gap between the measuring head and the top of the ball head of the air-float ball bearing and transmitting an output signal to a computer through a data acquisition card; when the output load exceeds the limit, the computer receives the output signal of the limit switch 16, and controls the relay to cut off the power supply of the alternating current motor to prevent collision.
As shown in fig. 3, the latitudinal rotating mechanism comprises a driving gear 33, a linear speed reducing motor 34, a thrust ball bearing 35, a latitudinal rotating disc 36 and a stop collar 37; the central axis of the open type air-float ball socket 25 in the vertical direction is superposed with the central axis of the latitudinal rotary disk 36; the weft rotating disc 36 is supported on a limiting sleeve 37 through a thrust ball bearing 35; the limiting sleeve 37 is fixed on the marble platform 32; an indicating line is arranged on the latitudinal rotating disk 36, and a dial is arranged on the limiting sleeve 37; the seat body of the linear speed reducing motor 34 is fixed with the limit sleeve 37; the driving gear 33 is fixed on the output shaft of the linear speed reducing motor 34; the outer teeth of the drive gear 33 mesh with the inner teeth of the latitudinal rotary disk 36.
As shown in fig. 4, the warp rotating mechanism includes a pressure guiding rod 18, a warp rotating disk 26, a micro dc motor 27, a turntable support frame 30 and a support slider 28. The pressure guiding rod 18 and the rotating shaft 29 are coaxially arranged and respectively form a rotating pair with one supporting slide block 28; the two supporting slide blocks 28 and the turntable supporting frame 30 form a vertical sliding pair; the supporting slide block 28 can slide up and down along the turntable supporting frame 30 along with the up-and-down floating of the ball head 17, so that the ball head 17 is ensured to rotate along the radial direction along with the guide compression rod 18 and the rotating shaft 29 all the time; the turntable support frame 30 is fixed on the top surface of the latitudinal rotating disk 36; the base body of the micro direct current motor 27 is fixed on the turntable support frame 30, and the output shaft of the micro direct current motor 27 is fixed with the outer end of the rotating shaft 29; the radial rotating disk 26 is fixed on the rotating shaft 29; a dial is arranged on the radial rotating disk 26, and an indicating line is arranged on the surface of the rotating platform support frame 3 opposite to the radial rotating disk 7; the gas pressure sensor 19 is fixed at the outer end of the pressure guide rod 15 and is communicated with the central hole of the pressure guide rod 15; the pressure signal of the gas pressure sensor 19 is transmitted to the computer through a data acquisition card; the inner ends of the rotating shaft 6 and the pressure guide rod 15 are provided with external threads.
The signal input ends of the AC servo motor 12, the linear speed reducing motor 34 and the micro DC motor 27 are all connected with the computer through the controller.
The air ball bearing comprises a bearing ball socket 31 and a ball head 17, and is a detection object for the bearing characteristic test of the invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the automatic continuous dynamic loading method for the bearing characteristic test of the air ball bearing of the present invention specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, as shown in fig. 4, two airflow holes which are perpendicular to each other and distributed along the radial direction are formed in a ball head 17 of the air-float ball bearing, the two airflow holes are communicated, and a restrictor is embedded into an outer end port of one airflow hole. Fixing the bottom of a bearing ball socket 31 of an air ball bearing with a marble platform 32, and enabling the central axis of the bearing ball socket 31 in the vertical direction to coincide with the central axis of a latitudinal rotating disc 36, wherein the bearing ball socket 31 is a supporting component of the air ball bearing; placing the ball head 17 on the bearing ball socket 31, and arranging an airflow hole embedded in the restrictor towards the bearing ball socket 31; the spherical surface position point of the ball head 17 where the throttler is located is a test point. The open type air-float ball socket 25 is arranged above the ball head 17, and the top of the ball head 17 is higher than an air outlet at the top of the open type air-float ball socket 25; pressure gas is introduced into the bearing ball socket 31 and the open type air-float ball socket 25, and air film gaps (micron-sized) are formed between the bearing ball socket 31 and the ball head 17 and between the open type air-float ball socket 25 and the ball head 17 to support the ball head 17, so that the ball head 17 is in a working state and can do rotary motion with approximate no friction resistance around the ball center of the ball head. Collecting the air pressure of an airflow hole when a ball head test point is positioned at each position point by using an air pressure sensor 19; the displacement sensor 20 is fixedly arranged above the ball head 17, when the detection test points are located at all position points, a gap h between a measuring head of the displacement sensor 20 and the top of the ball head is detected, when no pressure gas is introduced into the bearing ball socket 31 and the open type air-float ball socket 25, the gap between the measuring head of the displacement sensor 20 and the top of the ball head is set to be h0, the value of the air film gap is h-h0, and the value of h0 is 5-60 micrometers.
Step two, selecting one of the following three schemes to load the bearing capacity of the air-float ball bearing:
static load dynamic measuring point
As shown in fig. 6, the computer inputs a designated load signal (the load signal carries information of the number of turns that the ac servo motor should rotate) to the ac servo motor through the controller, the ac servo motor controls the ball screw 14 to rotate, the sleeve 8 and the ball screw 14 form a screw pair to drive the dowel bar 6 to move axially along the ball screw 14 to a designated position and then stop; in the rotation process of the alternating current servo motor, a rotary encoder of the alternating current servo motor is used for detecting the rotating speed, and a torque sensor 10 is used for detecting the torque; if the sleeve 8 reaches the limit position of the limit switch 16, the computer receives an output signal of the limit switch 16, the controller controls the relay to cut off the power supply of the alternating current servo motor, and the spring 5 plays a buffering role to prevent rigid collision in the loading process; the bearing force output by the dowel bar 6 is transmitted to the ball head through the pressure sensor 22, the dowel plate 21 and the open type air-float ball socket 25; the pressure sensor 22 measures the magnitude of the bearing force output by the ac servomotor 12. Then, the computer sequentially positions the test point position of the ball head 17 through the controller according to the input longitude and latitude two-dimensional coordinate data; the process of positioning the test point of the ball head 17 to the target position point is as follows: firstly, comparing a longitude value of a target position point with a longitude value of a test point by a computer, if the longitude value of the target position point is equal to the longitude value of the test point, not starting the linear speed reducing motor 34, otherwise, controlling the linear speed reducing motor 34 through a controller to drive the driving gear 33 to rotate, and meshing the inner teeth of the latitudinal rotating disk 36 with the outer teeth of the driving gear 33 to rotate so as to drive the longitudinal rotating mechanism and the ball head 17 to synchronously rotate along the latitudinal direction until the longitude value of the test point is equal to the; and then, the computer compares the latitude value of the target position point with the latitude value of the test point, if the latitude values are equal, the warp-wise rotating mechanism is not moved, otherwise, the warp-wise rotating mechanism is controlled by the controller to drive the warp-wise rotating disk 26 and the ball head 17 of the warp-wise rotating mechanism to synchronously rotate along the warp direction until the latitude value of the test point is equal to the latitude value of the target position point, and in the process, the linear speed reducing motor 34 is always in a stop state.
② dynamic load fixed measuring point
As shown in fig. 7, the computer controls and controls the linear speed reduction motor 34 to drive the driving gear 33 to rotate through the controller according to the input longitude value of the target position point, the internal teeth of the latitudinal rotating disk 36 are meshed with the external teeth of the driving gear 33 to rotate, and therefore the longitudinal rotating mechanism and the ball head 17 are driven to synchronously rotate along the latitudinal direction until the longitude value of the test point is equal to the longitude value of the target position point; then, according to the input target position point latitude value, the computer controls the warp-wise rotating mechanism to drive the warp-wise rotating disk 26 of the warp-wise rotating mechanism and the ball head 17 to synchronously rotate along the warp direction until the latitude value of the test point is equal to the target position point latitude value, and in the process, the linear speed reducing motor 34 is in a stop state all the time. Finally, the computer inputs waveform signals (sine signals, square signals, slope signals and the like) to the controller, the controller controls the alternating current servo motor to control the ball screw 14 to rotate according to the waveform signals, and the sleeve 8 and the ball screw 14 form a screw pair to drive the dowel bar 6 to move along the axial direction of the ball screw 14; in the rotation process of the alternating current servo motor, a rotary encoder of the alternating current servo motor is used for detecting the rotating speed, and a torque sensor 10 is used for detecting the torque; the bearing force output by the dowel bar 6 is transmitted to the ball head through the pressure sensor 22, the dowel plate 21 and the open type air-float ball socket 25; the pressure sensor 22 measures the magnitude of the bearing force output by the ac servomotor 12.
③ dynamic load dynamic measuring point
As shown in fig. 8, the computer inputs waveform signals (sine signals, square signals, ramp signals, etc.) to the controller, the controller controls the ac servo motor to control the rotation of the ball screw 14 according to the waveform signals, and the sleeve 8 and the ball screw 14 form a screw pair to drive the dowel bar 6 to move axially along the ball screw 14; in the rotation process of the alternating current servo motor, a rotary encoder of the alternating current servo motor is used for detecting the rotating speed, and a torque sensor 10 is used for detecting the torque; the bearing force output by the dowel bar 6 is transmitted to the ball head through the pressure sensor 22, the dowel plate 21 and the open type air-float ball socket 25; the pressure sensor 22 measures the magnitude of the bearing force output by the ac servomotor 12. Then, the computer sequentially positions the test point position of the ball head 17 through the controller according to the input longitude and latitude two-dimensional coordinate data; the process of positioning the test point of the ball head 17 to the target position point is as follows: firstly, comparing a longitude value of a target position point with a longitude value of a test point by a computer, if the longitude value of the target position point is equal to the longitude value of the test point, not starting the linear speed reducing motor 34, otherwise, controlling the linear speed reducing motor 34 through a controller to drive the driving gear 33 to rotate, and meshing the inner teeth of the latitudinal rotating disk 36 with the outer teeth of the driving gear 33 to rotate so as to drive the longitudinal rotating mechanism and the ball head 17 to synchronously rotate along the latitudinal direction until the longitude value of the test point is equal to the; and then, the computer compares the latitude value of the target position point with the latitude value of the test point, if the latitude values are equal, the warp-wise rotating mechanism is not moved, otherwise, the warp-wise rotating mechanism is controlled by the controller to drive the warp-wise rotating disk 26 and the ball head 17 of the warp-wise rotating mechanism to synchronously rotate along the warp direction until the latitude value of the test point is equal to the latitude value of the target position point, and in the process, the linear speed reducing motor 34 is always in a stop state.
Measuring the performance parameters of the air ball bearing under the loading of the bearing capacity:
the computer establishes the relation between different positions of the bulb 17 test point and the air film pressure under the set bearing capacity according to the air pressure value collected by the air pressure sensor 19, establishes the relation between the bearing capacity of the bulb 17 test point at the set position and the air film pressure and the air film gap according to the bearing capacity measured by the pressure sensor 22 and the gap measured by the displacement sensor 20, and establishes the relation between the air film pressure and the air film gap (bulb 17 displacement) of the bulb 17 test point at the set position; then, the computer displays a distribution curve chart of the air film pressure relative to the position of the test point of the bulb 17, a relation curve chart of the air film pressure and the air film gap and the bearing characteristic, and a relation curve chart of the air film pressure and the air film gap on a screen. When the gas pressure sensor 19 collects the gas pressure values of the test point of the bulb 17 at different positions, the gas pressure values of 3-5 s after the linear speed reducing motor 34 and the micro direct current motor 27 receive the stop instruction are obtained, the linear speed reducing motor 34 and the micro direct current motor 27 are guaranteed to be completely stopped, and therefore the precision of the collected gas pressure values is guaranteed; when the pressure sensor 22 collects the bearing capacity, the pressure value of 3-5 s after the alternating current servo motor 12 receives the start or stop instruction is taken, so that the alternating current servo motor 12 is ensured to stably operate or completely stop, and the precision of the collected bearing capacity is ensured.
And step four, after the measurement is finished, the computer controls the alternating current servo motor 12, the linear speed reducing motor 34 and the micro direct current motor 27 to reset through the controller.
Claims (5)
1. The automatic continuous dynamic loading method for the bearing characteristic test of the air-float ball bearing is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, two airflow holes which are vertical to each other and distributed along the radial direction are formed in a ball head of an air-float ball bearing, the two airflow holes are communicated, and a restrictor is embedded into an outer end port of one airflow hole; fixing the bottom of a bearing ball socket of the air-float ball bearing with the marble platform, and enabling the central axis of the bearing ball socket in the vertical direction to coincide with the central axis of the latitudinal rotating disk; placing the ball head on the bearing ball socket, and arranging an airflow hole embedded into the restrictor towards the bearing ball socket; the ball head spherical surface position point where the throttler is located is a test point; the open type air-float ball socket is arranged above the ball head, and the top of the ball head is higher than an air outlet at the top of the open type air-float ball socket; pressure gas is introduced into the bearing ball socket and the open type air-float ball socket, and air film gaps are formed between the bearing ball socket and the ball head and between the open type air-float ball socket and the ball head to support the ball head; collecting the air pressure of an airflow hole when a ball head test point is positioned at each position point by adopting an air pressure sensor; the displacement sensor is fixedly arranged above the ball head, when the test point is located at each position point, the gap h between the measuring head of the displacement sensor and the top of the ball head is detected, when no pressure gas is introduced into the bearing ball socket and the open type air-float ball socket, the gap between the measuring head of the displacement sensor and the top of the ball head is set to be h0, and the value of the air film gap is h-h 0;
step two, selecting one of the following three schemes to load the bearing capacity of the air-float ball bearing:
static load dynamic measuring point
The computer inputs a designated load signal to the alternating current servo motor through the controller, the alternating current servo motor controls the ball screw to rotate, and the sleeve and the ball screw form a screw pair to drive the dowel bar to axially move to a designated position along the ball screw and then stop; in the rotation process of the alternating current servo motor, a rotary encoder of the alternating current servo motor carries out rotation speed detection, a torque sensor carries out torque detection, and signals detected by the rotary encoder and the torque sensor are transmitted to a computer through a data acquisition card; the bearing force output by the dowel bar is transmitted to the ball head through the pressure sensor, the dowel plate and the open type air-float ball socket; the pressure sensor measures the bearing capacity output by the alternating current servo motor and transmits the bearing capacity to the computer through the data acquisition card; then, the computer sequentially positions the test point position of the ball head through the controller according to the input longitude and latitude two-dimensional coordinate data; the process of positioning the test point of the ball head to the target position point is as follows: firstly, comparing a longitude value of a target position point with a longitude value of a test point by a computer, if the longitude value of the target position point is equal to the longitude value of the test point, not starting a linear speed reduction motor, otherwise, controlling the linear speed reduction motor to drive a driving gear to rotate through a controller, and enabling inner teeth of a latitudinal rotating disc to be meshed with outer teeth of the driving gear to rotate, so that a longitudinal rotating mechanism and a ball head are driven to synchronously rotate along the latitudinal direction until the longitude value of the test point is equal; then, the computer compares the latitude value of the target position point with the latitude value of the test point, if the latitude values are equal, the warp-wise rotating mechanism is not moved, otherwise, the warp-wise rotating mechanism is controlled by the controller to drive the warp-wise rotating disk and the ball head of the warp-wise rotating mechanism to synchronously rotate along the warp direction until the latitude value of the test point is equal to the latitude value of the target position point, and in the process, the linear speed reducing motor is always in a stop state;
② dynamic load fixed measuring point
The computer controls the linear speed reduction motor to drive the driving gear to rotate through the controller according to the input longitude value of the target position point, and the inner teeth of the latitudinal rotating disk and the outer teeth of the driving gear are meshed to rotate, so that the longitudinal rotating mechanism and the ball head are driven to synchronously rotate along the latitudinal direction until the longitude value of the test point is equal to the longitude value of the target position point; then, the computer controls the warp-wise rotating mechanism to drive a warp-wise rotating disc and a ball head of the warp-wise rotating mechanism to synchronously rotate along the warp direction according to the input target position point latitude value by the warp controller until the latitude value of the test point is equal to the target position point latitude value, and in the process, the linear speed reduction motor is always in a stop state; finally, the computer inputs a waveform signal to the controller, the controller controls the alternating current servo motor to control the ball screw to rotate according to the waveform signal, and the sleeve and the ball screw form a screw pair to drive the dowel bar to move axially along the ball screw; in the rotation process of the alternating current servo motor, a rotary encoder of the alternating current servo motor carries out rotation speed detection, a torque sensor carries out torque detection, and signals detected by the rotary encoder and the torque sensor are transmitted to a computer through a data acquisition card; the bearing force output by the dowel bar is transmitted to the ball head through the pressure sensor, the dowel plate and the open type air-float ball socket; the pressure sensor measures the bearing capacity output by the alternating current servo motor and transmits the bearing capacity to the computer through the data acquisition card;
③ dynamic load dynamic measuring point
The computer inputs a waveform signal to the controller, the controller controls the alternating current servo motor to control the ball screw to rotate according to the waveform signal, and the sleeve and the ball screw form a screw pair to drive the dowel bar to move along the axial direction of the ball screw; in the rotation process of the alternating current servo motor, a rotary encoder of the alternating current servo motor carries out rotation speed detection, a torque sensor carries out torque detection, and signals detected by the rotary encoder and the torque sensor are transmitted to a computer through a data acquisition card; the bearing force output by the dowel bar is transmitted to the ball head through the pressure sensor, the dowel plate and the open type air-float ball socket; the pressure sensor measures the bearing capacity output by the alternating current servo motor and transmits the bearing capacity to the computer through the data acquisition card; then, the computer sequentially positions the test point position of the ball head through the controller according to the input longitude and latitude two-dimensional coordinate data; the process of positioning the test point of the ball head to the target position point is as follows: firstly, comparing a longitude value of a target position point with a longitude value of a test point by a computer, if the longitude value of the target position point is equal to the longitude value of the test point, not starting a linear speed reduction motor, otherwise, controlling the linear speed reduction motor to drive a driving gear to rotate through a controller, and enabling inner teeth of a latitudinal rotating disc to be meshed with outer teeth of the driving gear to rotate, so that a longitudinal rotating mechanism and a ball head are driven to synchronously rotate along the latitudinal direction until the longitude value of the test point is equal; then, the computer compares the latitude value of the target position point with the latitude value of the test point, if the latitude values are equal, the warp-wise rotating mechanism is not moved, otherwise, the warp-wise rotating mechanism is controlled by the controller to drive the warp-wise rotating disk and the ball head of the warp-wise rotating mechanism to synchronously rotate along the warp direction until the latitude value of the test point is equal to the latitude value of the target position point, and in the process, the linear speed reducing motor is always in a stop state;
measuring the performance parameters of the air ball bearing under the loading of the bearing capacity:
the computer establishes the relation between different positions of the ball head test point and the air film pressure under the set bearing capacity according to the air pressure value acquired by the air pressure sensor, establishes the relation between the bearing capacity of the ball head test point at the set position and the air film pressure and the air film gap according to the bearing capacity measured by the pressure sensor and the gap measured by the displacement sensor, and establishes the relation between the air film pressure and the air film gap of the ball head test point at the set position; then, the computer displays a distribution curve of the air film pressure relative to the position of the bulb test point, a relation curve of the air film pressure and the air film gap with the bearing characteristic, and a relation curve of the air film pressure and the air film gap on a screen;
and step four, after the measurement is finished, the computer controls the AC servo motor, the linear speed reducing motor and the micro DC motor to reset through the controller.
2. The automatic continuous dynamic loading method for the air ball bearing characteristic test according to claim 1, characterized in that: the h0 takes a value in the range of 5-60 microns.
3. The automatic continuous dynamic loading method for the air ball bearing characteristic test according to claim 1, characterized in that: if the sleeve reaches the limit position of the limit switch, the computer receives an output signal of the limit switch through the data acquisition card and controls the relay to cut off the power supply of the alternating current servo motor through the controller, and the spring plays a buffering role to prevent rigid collision in the loading process.
4. The automatic continuous dynamic loading method for the air ball bearing characteristic test according to claim 1, characterized in that: the waveform signal is a sine signal, a square wave signal or a ramp signal.
5. The automatic continuous dynamic loading method for the air ball bearing characteristic test according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the gas pressure sensor collects the gas pressure values of the bulb test point at different positions, the gas pressure values of 3-5 s after the direct-current speed reduction motor and the micro direct-current motor receive a stop instruction are obtained; and when the pressure sensor collects the bearing capacity, taking a pressure value of 3-5 s after the alternating current servo motor receives a start or stop instruction.
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| CN114441330B (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2023-09-22 | 北京半导体专用设备研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第四十五研究所） | Air floatation stiffness loading device, air floatation stiffness testing equipment and air floatation stiffness testing method |
| CN117629024B (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-06-21 | 中轴精控(广州)科技有限公司 | Method and device for detecting thickness of air film of porous medium air bearing in real time |
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