CN1103355A - 空心管件的制造方法 - Google Patents

空心管件的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1103355A
CN1103355A CN94105850A CN94105850A CN1103355A CN 1103355 A CN1103355 A CN 1103355A CN 94105850 A CN94105850 A CN 94105850A CN 94105850 A CN94105850 A CN 94105850A CN 1103355 A CN1103355 A CN 1103355A
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metal tape
overlap
welding
plastic
magnetic field
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F·赛费勒
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KMK Karl Maegerle Lizenz AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B29C65/32—Induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C53/38—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges
    • B29C53/40—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C53/42—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
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    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
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    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
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    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
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    • B29C66/91423—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools using joining tools having different temperature zones or using several joining tools with different temperatures
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种不连续地制造用于包装容器的 塑料-层压管方法。按本发明的方法可制造纯塑料 层压材料管，它的焊缝具有与塑料-金属层压管的焊 缝一样的强度和形态。

Description

本发明涉及一种制造空心管件的方法。
制造用作包装容器的带金属阻挡层的热塑性薄膜管件或管段，具体地说为包装管，除那些与本发明无关的加工方法外，一般先将平铺着的薄膜卷成管状，使相对的两侧边叠交成一个搭接区，接着将此薄膜边段焊成一个纵向焊缝。众所周知，这种方法有两种实施方案，即不连续法和连续法。在不连续方法中，从与一个管件的展开状态相应以制成单个管件的毛坯下料开始;在连续法中，将连续的薄膜条带卷成一个“连续的管件”，然后按所要求的长度分成一个个管件。如下文所述，本发明所涉及的是一种不连续的制造方法。
在不连续的方法中，焊接通过加压和加温进行，此时，焊接-冷却钳口给在由（毛坯绕其弯成管状的）芯棒构成的托架上的搭接区加压，并对薄膜加温，使上下相叠的热塑性塑料层熔化，并互相交流。在这种方法中，焊接-冷却钳口本身并不产生和传递熔化塑料层的热量。在它上面配备有高频焊接设备的线圈，此线圈在毛坯所包含的金属阻挡层中，产生为熔化和焊接塑料层所必须的焊接热量。当通过加温和加压完成焊接后，切断高频电场，借助于钳口（焊接-冷却钳口）冷却焊缝，直至焊缝固化为止。
这种已知的方法要求在薄膜中产生熔化欲连接的塑料层所需的热量，如已经提及的，为实施这一方法所使用的薄膜必须是一种两面覆有塑料层的金属层。除产生热量外，金属层还起阻挡作用，通过设有阻挡层，防止了被包装材料成分从管里向外扩散，并避免氧气穿过，从外面进入管内。对于价值高、易受损害的被包装物，包装管具有扩散阻挡层是绝对必要的;然而，对于不易受损害的被包装物而言，这种扩散阻挡层是不必要的。带金属阻挡层的薄膜比较昂贵，所以对于那些采用单纯的塑料管便可满足要求的不易受损害的包装物而言，这样做不必要地提高了成本，这是现有方法的一个缺点。在新时代中，特别是从生态学的观点出发，发展了所谓PBL薄膜（P指塑料，B指阻挡层，L指层压塑料），以代替制造包装容器的金属-塑料层压材料。在这种全塑料的层压材料中，现有的金属阻挡层用一种塑料阻挡层，例如PET（聚对苯二甲酸乙酯），或用SiOx涂层来代替，此时，阻挡层的两面例如涂覆以聚乙烯层。现有方法的另一个缺点是不适合于加工这种新型的包装薄膜，因为，这种包装用新型薄膜中没有可激发的热源。除了上面所列的缺点外，这种已知方法的优点是，其技术水平高，比较成熟，因此得到了广泛的使用。
本发明的目的是改进现有的方法，以克服其缺点，保留其优点。
为此提供将一片塑料薄膜制成空心管件的方法，其中塑料薄膜坯料对应于所述空心管件的展开状态的几何形状，它的搭接边可借助于高频磁场熔化，在熔化状态采用压力加压，接着进行冷却，其特征为：高频磁场分为作用于搭接区上侧的场和作用在搭接区下侧的场。
本发明不采用通过振荡激励薄膜中的金属层来产生焊接所需之热量的技术，而是通过从外部输入热量来熔化热塑性层，这种工作原理，对于没有金属阻挡层的复合薄膜或层压塑料，和对于具有金属阻挡层的层压材料，均可使用，在后面这种情况下，在管的内部不制造热源，所以在实施本发明的方法时可以没有大的技术上的费用支出（用在芯棒上的塑料带代替金属带）。从而消除了现有方法仅限于使用塑料-金属层压材料的缺点。通过将输入的能量一分为二，即一个上场，一个下场，可以使外边段和内边段获得不同的热量，从而可以影响焊缝的强度和形态。
本发明的其他优点、特征和详情，通过下文对一种实施此方法的最佳设备的说明和附图给出，其中：
图1 实施本方法的设备处于工作位置时从前面看的剖视图;以及
图2 图1“A”部分详图，亦即放大表示焊接-冷却钳口和带薄膜的芯棒从前面看的剖视图，焊接-冷却钳口处于上移位置。
图1表示实施本发明方法的设备9前视和剖面图。毛坯Z卷绕着芯棒13并被夹板10和两块压板11、12所夹持。在芯棒13上方设有焊接-冷却钳口14。将毛坯Z卷绕在芯棒13上的技术、对设备9进行毛坯Z的装料以及管件的卸料等方面，对于理解本发明并不重要，所以在阐明设备9的工作方式时可略去这些内容。
在作为图1中“A”部分放大的图2中，焊接-冷却钳口14如同芯棒13一样顺管的纵向延伸，为了能看得更清楚，图中只表示了管的搭接区15。按图2所示，在焊接-冷却钳口中面对芯棒13的一端，设有可借助电流激发的高频线圈16，此线圈16沿焊接-冷却钳口14相同的长度和方向延伸。线圈16装在铁氧体制的铁芯17（铁氧体铁芯17）内，此铁芯同样沿焊接-冷却钳口14相同的长度和方向延伸。其本身向下开口的铁氧体铁芯17装在焊接-冷却钳口14向下开口的槽18中。向下开口意味着朝芯棒13的方向开口。横截面为正方形的线圈16相对两侧，与铁氧体铁芯17槽的内壁20、21贴靠。铁氧体铁芯17用于使电流通过线圈16时产生的磁场（磁力线场）对准某个方向，即朝芯棒13的方向。在铁氧体铁芯17槽的下开口端，对应地设有一条沿焊接-冷却钳口14纵向延伸的金属带22，在金属带22（最好是铜带）与线圈16的一侧之间装绝缘层23。线圈16是空心的，里面可流过一种冷却剂，例如水。
金属芯棒13有一个向上开口的沟状槽25，其横截面最好为矩形（向上意味着朝焊接-冷却钳口14的方向），槽25沿着与带铁氧体铁芯17和线圈16的焊接-冷却钳口14的槽18相同的方向、同样的长度延伸，并相对于槽18对称设置。槽25的底部26装有一个绝缘层27，绝缘层27上面是一条下金属带28，最好是铜带。芯棒13中设有冷却装置29，它由一个冷却剂腔31构成，此腔由冷却剂输入管30供应冷却剂，冷却剂（最好是水）从冷却剂腔排出。
焊接搭接区15时将电流送入线圈16。按本发明焊接-冷却钳口14和芯棒13的结构，在本发明的方法中将线圈16通入电流后所建立起来的高频磁场，分为两个单独的场，即上场F1和下场F2，上场F1加热上金属带22，下场F2加热下金属带28。通过已加热的金属带22、28熔化与它们接触的薄膜边段，并在这一状态下使焊接-冷却钳口14向下移动，亦即在搭接区15上施加压力。切断电流并冷却现已形成的焊缝后，向上移动焊接-冷却钳口14，从而使管子可从芯棒13上自由地卸下。
为使本发明的方法能适用于多种具有不同技术特性的层压塑料，焊接时间，亦即熔化和加压时间，可通过控制电流流过线圈16的持续时间进行调整。焊接-冷却钳口14的压力可相应于所要求的焊缝厚度而改变，按本发明的方法可达到的焊接功率，可通过控制所输入电流的强度和持续时间加以调整。
上金属带22和下金属带28的温度，按照本发明的方法可加以调整，以适应不同的焊缝形态和塑料。温度的调整可通过改变带的几何尺寸（带的宽度、厚度）来实现。例如，减小上金属带22的宽度，则下金属带在宽度保持不变时加热程度提高。
由于目前技术水平的高度发展，塑料-金属层压材料制成的管几乎看不出有焊缝，所以这种管的质量很好。尽管在技术发展上作了一切努力，但迄今对纯塑料或层压塑料管的焊缝的外观质量远不能令人满意。按本发明的方法，纯塑料管或层压塑料管的焊缝强度和外观质量，现在可制得与塑料-金属层压材料管一样好。

Claims (4)

1、将一片塑料薄膜制成空心管件的方法，其中塑料薄膜坯料对应于所述空心管件的展开状态的几何形状，它的搭接边可借助于高频磁场熔化，在熔化状态采用压力加压，接着进行冷却，其特征为：高频磁场分为作用于搭接区(15)上侧的场(F1)和作用在搭接区(15)下侧的场(F2)。
2、按照权利要求1所述之方法，其特征为：为了熔化搭接区（15）的上侧和下侧，这两个分场（F1，F2）分别导入要加热的上金属带（22）和要加热的下金属带（28）。
3、按照权利要求1或2所述之方法，其特征为;通过相应地配置磁场（F1、F2），使金属带（22、28）有不同的加热强度。
4、按照权利要求3所述之方法，其特征为：通过减小上金属带（22）的宽度，当下金属带（28）的宽度保持不变时，在下金属带（28）中将获得更多的能量。
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US8906187B2 (en) 2008-06-25 2014-12-09 Colgate-Palmolive Company Method of making shoulder/nozzles with film barrier liners
CN114174047A (zh) * 2019-07-29 2022-03-11 博萨控股有限公司 可热密封膜材料的脉冲热密封

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JP4626687B2 (ja) 2008-08-19 2011-02-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 樹脂と金属との接合方法
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CN101020359B (zh) * 2007-02-14 2010-06-02 东莞中志鞋材有限公司 塑胶片材有缝熔接成管状的制造工艺及其设备
US8906187B2 (en) 2008-06-25 2014-12-09 Colgate-Palmolive Company Method of making shoulder/nozzles with film barrier liners
CN114174047A (zh) * 2019-07-29 2022-03-11 博萨控股有限公司 可热密封膜材料的脉冲热密封

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