CN110330276B - Remolding material and method for water-resisting layer of soil discharge field in strip mine - Google Patents

Remolding material and method for water-resisting layer of soil discharge field in strip mine Download PDF

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CN110330276B
CN110330276B CN201910612617.1A CN201910612617A CN110330276B CN 110330276 B CN110330276 B CN 110330276B CN 201910612617 A CN201910612617 A CN 201910612617A CN 110330276 B CN110330276 B CN 110330276B
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water
resisting layer
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strip mine
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时旭阳
周伟
王志明
丁小华
陆翔
栾博钰
赵新佳
刘智超
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/32—Reclamation of surface-mined areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries

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Abstract

A remolding material and a remolding method for a water-resisting layer of an earth discharge site in a strip mine are suitable for the field of coal mining water resource protection. The remodeling material is a polymer of mudstone and comprises: water, gel material, excitant and standard sand. The method comprises the following steps: determining the proportion of remolded waterproof layer materials according to actual conditions; compacting the surface of the refuse dump, building a mould, uniformly pouring a remolding material, vibrating and leveling; and maintaining for a period of time to complete the remodeling of the water-resisting layer at the stage. And (5) circulating according to the process to complete the remodeling of the whole water-resisting layer. The method is simple in construction and low in cost, can complete the remolding of the water-resisting layer of the soil discharge field in the strip mine, realizes ecological reclamation, and has important significance for building green mining mines.

Description

Remolding material and method for water-resisting layer of soil discharge field in strip mine
Technical Field
The invention relates to a remolding material and a remolding method for a water-resisting layer of an earth discharge site in a strip mine, which are particularly suitable for the field of coal mining water resource protection.
Technical Field
Coal surface mining has many advantages, but it still cannot avoid the damage to the ecological environment, and with the large-scale development of surface mining, the problem becomes increasingly serious. In the initial stage of building strip mine, drainage is carried out on a mining area, so that underground water is lost in the form of surface runoff; huge pits are formed in the mining process, a huge funnel is formed, surface water and shallow layer ground water are caused to seep, and water resource loss is serious. The loss of water resources in the open-pit mining area causes serious degradation of surrounding vegetation, agricultural production is particularly influenced destructively, and the surrounding ecological environment is directly influenced. And all the stripped objects are discharged to form an externally discharged soil field at the initial mining stage, so that a large amount of land is occupied, and the land area occupied by the externally discharged soil field of ten million-ton open-pit coal mines is more than 40 square kilometers. Along with the development of mining, vacate interior row space in the pit, the thing that strips realizes interior row and forms interior dumping field, along with the propulsion of working line, interior dumping field is followed up gradually. The permeability coefficient of the loose soil-rock mixed material forming the refuse dump is large, the shallow surface layer of the refuse dump cannot store enough moisture, and the reclamation is difficult to realize. About 90% of opencast coal mine capacity in China is distributed in the north of northern latitude 39 degrees and is basically located within a 400mm precipitation line, the ecological environment is very fragile, and the working modes of ecological protection and ecological reclamation in opencast mine areas are very severe.
The fundamental reasons for the loss of surface mine water resources and the difficulty in recovery are that firstly, a water-resisting layer above a coal seam is exploded and stripped in the mining process, and shallow underground water cannot be recovered; secondly, the permeability coefficient of the loose soil-rock mixed material in the inner soil discharge field is large, and enough water cannot be kept. The surface mining damages the water-resisting layer permanently, and although most surface mines realize the internal discharge of stripped objects, the permeability coefficient of the loose soil-rock mixed material is larger, and the requirements of water resistance and even water resistance cannot be met. Secondly, a large amount of materials are needed for remodeling the soil dump water barrier in the strip mine, and factors such as economic cost and the like must be considered. Therefore, no study has been made by scholars at home and abroad about remodeling of the water barrier of the earth discharge site in the strip mine.
Therefore, in order to protect the ecological environment of the strip mine and realize ecological reclamation, an economically reasonable and technically feasible remolding material and method for the water-resisting layer of the soil discharge field in the strip mine must be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the remolding material and the remolding method for the water-resisting layer of the soil discharge field in the strip mine, which have the advantages of easily obtained materials, low cost, realization of ecological reclamation, construction of green mining mines and good use effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the remolding material for the soil discharge field water-resisting layer in the strip mine is characterized in that: the material is a mudstone geopolymer and comprises water, gel, an excitant and standard sand; the gel is formed by mixing mudstone, slag and red mud, wherein the total weight of the gel is Q, the mass of a mudstone component is 30-70% of Q, the mass of a slag component is 15-50% of Q, and the mass of a red mud component is 15-20% of Q; the mixing amount of the exciting agent is 0.1-0.2Q, the mass ratio of water to the gel material is 0.5:1, and the mass ratio of the gel material to the standard sand is 1: 1.
The mudstone is powdery mudstone which is directly collected, ground and crushed from an open-pit mine dump to be 1 mm;
the slag is waste slag generated after coal mine combustion in a power plant, is dried for 24 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ and then is ground into powder;
the red mud is discharged from an aluminum plant and is ground into powder;
the excitant is an alkaline excitant with the modulus of 1, which is prepared from industrial water glass and sodium hydroxide;
the standard sand is ISO standard sand.
A method for remolding a water-resisting layer of an earth discharge site in a strip mine by using a remolding material for the water-resisting layer of the earth discharge site in the strip mine comprises the following steps:
A. determining the position of a remolded water-resisting layer according to the position of the original water-resisting layer of the strip mine, and calculating the compressive strength required by the remolded water-resisting layer according to the position of the remolded water-resisting layer;
B. calculating a theoretical value of the compressive strength of the remolded water-resisting layer, performing a proportioning test of remolded materials according to the theoretical value of the compressive strength of the remolded water-resisting layer, verifying whether the used proportioning meets the compressive strength, ensuring that the proportioned remolded water-resisting layer meets the condition that the permeability coefficient is less than 0.001m/d, and repeatedly performing the proportioning test to find the proportioning with the best effect;
C. when the inner row filling height of the inner soil discharge field of the strip mine is close to the original water-resisting layer, compacting the inner soil discharge field of the strip mine, and ensuring the level of a compaction surface as much as possible;
D. according to the thickness of an original water-resisting layer, building a road building mould with the same height on a horizontal compaction surface of a soil discharge field in an open pit, uniformly pouring a remolding material with the optimal proportion, vibrating and leveling;
E. covering the solidified remolded waterproof layer remolding material with geotextile, and carrying out watering maintenance after 1 hour;
F. and after 24 hours, removing the geotextile to finish the construction of remolding the waterproof layer.
And a safe construction distance of 10m is reserved outside a flat disc at the upper part of the step formed at the remolding water-resisting layer arranged in the refuse dump.
And an impervious wall with the height of 1.5m is arranged on the outer side of the remolding waterproof layer.
Has the advantages that: the remolding material of the invention is a waste material which is low in price and easy to obtain, is safe and environment-friendly, has short material condensation time and quick strength rise, all the used materials are nontoxic substances, can ensure that a water source is clean, and the remolding water-resisting layer meets the requirements of low permeability and strength, can not react with water in a biological and physical manner, and has permanent durability. The remolding method is simple in site construction and high in practicability, can remold the water-resisting layer of the soil discharge site in the strip mine, further realizes ecological reclamation, and has a wide application range and good social and environmental benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-original water-resisting layer, 2-remolded water-resisting layer, 3-impervious wall, 4-inner soil discharge field and 5-inner soil discharge field step.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples in the drawings to which:
the invention discloses a remolding material for a water-resisting layer of an earth discharge site in a strip mine, which is characterized in that: the material is a mudstone geopolymer and comprises water, gel, an excitant and standard sand; the gel is formed by mixing mudstone, slag and red mud, wherein the total weight of the gel is Q, the mass of a mudstone component is 30-70% of Q, the mass of a slag component is 15-50% of Q, and the mass of a red mud component is 15-20% of Q; the mixing amount of the exciting agent is 0.1-0.2Q, the mass ratio of water to the gel material is 0.5:1, and the mass ratio of the gel material to the standard sand is 1: 1; the mudstone is powdery mudstone which is directly collected, ground and crushed from an open-pit mine dump to be 1 mm; the slag is waste slag generated after coal mine combustion in a power plant, is dried for 24 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ and then is ground into powder; the red mud is discharged from an aluminum plant and is ground into powder; the excitant is an alkaline excitant with the modulus of 1, which is prepared from industrial water glass and sodium hydroxide; the standard sand is ISO standard sand.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for remodeling a water barrier of an earth discharge site in a strip mine comprises the following steps:
A. determining the position of the remolded water-resisting layer 2 according to the position of the original water-resisting layer 1 of the strip mine, and calculating the compressive strength required by the remolded water-resisting layer 2 according to the position of the remolded water-resisting layer 2;
B. calculating a theoretical value of the compressive strength of the remolded water-resisting layer 2, performing a ratio test of remolded materials according to the theoretical value of the compressive strength of the remolded water-resisting layer 2, verifying whether the used ratio meets the compressive strength, ensuring that the proportioned remolded water-resisting layer 2 meets the condition that the permeability coefficient is less than 0.001m/d, and repeatedly performing the ratio test to find the ratio with the best effect;
C. when the inner row filling height of the inner soil discharge field 4 of the strip mine is close to the original water-resisting layer 1, compacting the inner soil discharge field of the strip mine, and ensuring the level of a compaction surface as much as possible;
D. according to the thickness of an original waterproof layer 1, building a road building mould with the same height on a horizontal compaction surface of a soil discharge field in an open pit, uniformly pouring a remolding material with the optimal proportion, vibrating and leveling;
E. after 1 hour, covering the solidified remolded waterproof layer 2 remolding material with geotextile, and carrying out watering maintenance;
F. and after 24 hours, removing the geotextile to finish the construction of the remolding waterproof layer 2.
And a safe construction distance of 10m is reserved outside a flat disc at the upper part of the step formed at the remolding waterproof layer 2 arranged in the refuse dump.
An impervious wall 3 with the height of 1.5m is arranged on the outer side of the remolding waterproof layer 2.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, the construction steps of remolding a water-resisting layer of an earth discharge field in a strip mine are as follows:
A. remolding material ratio design, confirm the position of remolding water barrier 2 according to original water barrier 1's position to confirm to remold the physical mechanics parameter of water barrier 2, design material composition ratio, remold the material mix proportion experiment in the room, physical mechanics parameters such as uniaxial compressive strength, the permeability of test remolding sample, the material ratio of adoption is:
remolding material Gel material Exciting agent Water (W) Standard sand
Proportioning of materials Q 0.2Q 0.5Q Q
Wherein the gel material accounts for the ratio:
gel material Mud rock powder Slag of mine Red mud
Mass ratio of materials 30％ 50％ 20％
B. When the inner drainage height of the inner soil drainage field 4 of the strip mine is close to the original stratum water barrier, compacting the surface of the inner soil drainage field 4, ensuring the level of a compaction surface, building a road building mold on the compaction surface, and calculating the quality Q of the needed gel material;
C. mixing and grinding the calculated mass of the mudstone, the slag and the red mud into powder, putting the powder into a stirring vehicle, conveying the powder to an internal earth-discharging field, adding a water glass alkali excitant with the modulus of 1 and standard sand, adding a proper amount of water, and stirring for 3-5 minutes to ensure that the water-to-gel ratio of the remolded material is 0.5 and the gel-to-sand ratio is 1;
D. uniformly pouring a remolding material into the mold, vibrating and leveling until the remolded waterproof layer 2 and the original waterproof layer 1 are on the same horizontal plane;
E. after the material is leveled, covering the geotextile for watering and curing after about 1 hour;
F. after 24 hours, the geotextile is removed and the water barrier remodeling at this stage is completed.
Example two:
referring to fig. 1, the construction steps of remolding a water-resisting layer of an earth discharge field in a strip mine are as follows:
A. remolding material ratio design, confirm the position of remolding water barrier 2 according to original water barrier 1's position to confirm remolding water barrier 2 suitable physical mechanics parameter, design material composition ratio, remolding material mix proportion experiment in indoor, physical mechanics parameters such as uniaxial compressive strength, the permeability of test remolding sample, the material ratio of adoption is:
remolding material Gel material Exciting agent Water (W) Standard sand
Proportioning of materials Q 0.1Q 0.5Q Q
Wherein the gel material accounts for the ratio:
gel material Mud rock powder Slag of mine Red mud
Material ratio 70％ 15％ 15％
Steps B to F are the same as in example one.
The technical effect of the invention is further explained by combining two specific strip mine soil discharge site water barrier remodeling materials in the following embodiments:
a water barrier remolding material of an inner soil discharge field 4 is prepared according to the component proportions of the water barrier remolding materials in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, processed, manufactured and maintained in a laboratory, and a standard test block 50 multiplied by 100mm (diameter multiplied by height) is manufactured. The compression strength of the material is tested by using an experimental instrument, and the test results are as follows:
Figure GDA0002772621550000041
the buried depth of the strip mine is about 300m generally, the load of an overlying rock layer is about 7.5MPa, the buried depth of an original waterproof layer 1 on the uppermost overlying layer is shallow generally, and the overlying load of the waterproof layer is low, so that the first and second bearing performance embodiments can meet the requirement, and the permeability characteristic needs to be further considered.
A plurality of samples are prepared in a room by using the material ratio of the example 1, 3 samples are selected for carrying out the compressive strength test, and the compressive strengths of the 3 samples are 23.79MPa, 23.82MPa and 23.85MPa respectively. Taking the average value of 23.82MPa as the compression peak strength of the material matched with the remolding material, carrying out permeability test by using 11 samples of the material with the same matching ratio, respectively carrying out uniaxial loading on the samples in a stress control mode to different damage levels at a loading rate of 0.02MPa/s, immediately unloading the samples after loading to a required value, storing the cylindrical surfaces of the samples in a sealing manner by using a sealing adhesive tape, and carrying out the next-stage permeability test. Since the polymer of mudstone is dense and has poor permeability even under low damage conditions, and if water is used as the permeation medium, the permeation test is difficult to realize, so the permeation test should be performed by replacing water with the permeation medium having a low dynamic viscosity. The test results are given in the following table:
Figure GDA0002772621550000042
assuming the uppermost water barrier is buried at 150m, the overburden loading is about 3.75 MPa.
3.75÷23.84≈0.16
Since 0.1<0.16<0.2, example 1 can meet the permeability characteristics requirements.
Example 2 was calculated with this reference to the standard.
3.75÷5.54≈0.68
Since 0.68 is closer to 0.7, take 8.2 × 10-16m2As its permeability.
The permeability coefficient of a common native underground water-resisting layer is extremely small and is usually less than 0.001m/d, and the relationship between the permeability coefficient K and the permeability K is as follows:
K＝kρg/η
wherein eta is a dynamic viscosity coefficient; ρ is the fluid density; g is the acceleration of gravity.
Dynamic viscosity of air 17.9e-6Pa.s, density 1.293Kg/m3The gravity acceleration is 9.81m/s2The conversion can obtain the permeability of the common native underground water-resisting layer under the condition of air medium, and the permeability is 1.63 multiplied by 10-14m2Greater than the permeability of the remodelling material under injury conditions, so example 2 also meets the requirements.
In conclusion, examples 1 and 2 fully satisfy the reclamation condition of the water barrier of the earth discharge site in the strip mine.
It should be noted that, because the step 5 of the inner soil discharge site is a dynamic process which is gradually pushed, the first and second embodiments only complete the remodeling of the water barrier layer in one stage, and when the water barrier layer is remodeled in each stage, in order to prevent the lateral loss of the recovered shallow water, the impervious wall 3 needs to be constructed in stages, the height is 2.5m, and meanwhile, in order to ensure the safety of the operating personnel, a safety distance of 10m is set at one side of the soil discharge site close to the working surface. And circulating according to the steps until the remodeling water-resisting layer 2 is constructed and completed when the open pit mine is closed.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides a dumping field water barrier remolding material in strip mine which characterized in that: the material is a mudstone geopolymer and comprises water, gel, an excitant and standard sand; the gel is formed by mixing mudstone, slag and red mud, wherein the total weight of the gel is Q, the mass of a mudstone component is 30-70% of Q, the mass of a slag component is 15-50% of Q, and the mass of a red mud component is 15-20% of Q; the mixing amount of the exciting agent is 0.1-0.2Q, the mass ratio of water to the gel material is 0.5:1, and the mass ratio of the gel material to the standard sand is 1: 1;
the mudstone is powdery mudstone which is directly collected, ground and crushed from an open-pit mine dump to be 1 mm;
the slag is waste slag generated after coal mine combustion in a power plant, is dried for 24 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ and then is ground into powder;
the red mud is discharged from an aluminum plant and is ground into powder;
the excitant is an alkaline excitant with the modulus of 1, which is prepared from industrial water glass and sodium hydroxide;
the standard sand is ISO standard sand.
2. A method for remodeling an in-pit dump water barrier using the remodeling material for an in-pit dump water barrier of claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
A. determining the position of the remolded water-resisting layer (2) according to the position of the original water-resisting layer (1) of the strip mine, and calculating the compressive strength required by the remolded water-resisting layer (2) according to the position of the remolded water-resisting layer (2);
B. calculating a theoretical value of the compressive strength of the remolded water-resisting layer (2), performing a proportioning test of remolded materials according to the theoretical value of the compressive strength of the remolded water-resisting layer (2), verifying whether the used proportioning meets the compressive strength, simultaneously ensuring that the proportioned remolded water-resisting layer (2) meets the condition that the permeability coefficient is less than 0.001m/d, and repeatedly performing the proportioning test to find the proportioning with the best effect;
C. when the inner-row filling height of the inner-row soil discharge field (4) of the strip mine is close to the original water-resisting layer (1), compacting the inner-row soil discharge field of the strip mine, and ensuring the level of a compaction surface as much as possible;
D. according to the thickness of an original waterproof layer (1), building a road building mould with the same height on the horizontal compaction surface of a soil discharge field in the strip mine, uniformly pouring a remolding material with the optimal proportion, vibrating and leveling;
E. after 1 hour, covering geotextile on the remolded material of the remolded waterproof layer (2) formed after solidification, and watering and maintaining;
F. and after 24 hours, removing the geotextile to finish the construction of the remolding waterproof layer (2).
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and a safe construction distance of 10m is reserved outside a flat disc at the upper part of the step formed at the remolding water-resisting layer (2) arranged in the refuse dump.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises the steps of: an impervious wall (3) with the height of 1.5m is arranged on the outer side of the remolding waterproof layer (2).
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Inventor after: Ding Xiaohua

Inventor after: Lu Xiang

Inventor after: Luan Boyu

Inventor after: Zhao Xinjia

Inventor after: Liu Zhichao

Inventor before: Zhou Wei

Inventor before: Shi Xuyang

Inventor before: Wang Zhiming

Inventor before: Ding Xiaohua

Inventor before: Lu Xiang

Inventor before: Luan Boyu

Inventor before: Zhao Xinjia

Inventor before: Liu Zhichao

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