CN111485941B - Construction method of rock cavern backfilled with industrial hazardous wastes - Google Patents
Construction method of rock cavern backfilled with industrial hazardous wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN111485941B CN111485941B CN202010303455.6A CN202010303455A CN111485941B CN 111485941 B CN111485941 B CN 111485941B CN 202010303455 A CN202010303455 A CN 202010303455A CN 111485941 B CN111485941 B CN 111485941B
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
- E21F13/02—Transport of mined mineral in galleries
- E21F13/025—Shuttle cars
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a rock cavern for backfilling industrial hazardous wastes and a construction method thereof, wherein the rock cavern for backfilling the industrial hazardous wastes comprises a subarea public roadway and at least one landfill chamber connected to the subarea public roadway, protective pools (16) are respectively arranged in the subarea public roadway (200) and the landfill chamber (100), the industrial hazardous wastes are placed in the protective pools, and the underground cavern is utilized for landfill of the hazardous wastes to fully utilize the rock cavern to dispose the industrial hazardous wastes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste disposal, in particular to the technical field of landfill of industrial hazardous wastes.
Background
In recent years, landfill sites are classified into three categories: hazardous waste landfill, harmless waste landfill, inert refuse landfill. With the rapid development of economy and diversification of industrial structures in China, the generation amount of hazardous wastes is rapidly increased, and the types of hazardous wastes become more and more complex. Because the hazardous waste is more harmful than general solid waste and has the characteristics of difficult prediction of pollution consequences, high technical difficulty in disposal and the like, the hazardous waste is always the key and difficult point of solid waste management in various countries in the world. The dangerous waste is generally incinerated to become fly ash and incineration residue dangerous waste, and the site selection of dangerous waste landfill sites for a long time is a social sensitive problem, mainly the 'adjacent wall effect' caused by the fear psychology of the public society to dangerous waste disposal sites.
The problem of difficulty in land acquisition universally existing in hazardous waste disposal construction sites is solved, the hazardous waste is buried by utilizing the underground space, the hazardous waste is relatively hidden and deeply buried underground, the public acceptability is relatively high, meanwhile, large-scale land occupation is avoided, disputes are few, but at present, the hazardous waste is buried by utilizing the underground space in a large scale, and no precedent is made at home.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a rock cavern for backfilling industrial hazardous wastes, which comprises a partitioned common tunnel and at least one landfill chamber connected to the partitioned common tunnel, wherein protection pools are arranged in the partitioned common tunnel and the landfill chamber, and the industrial hazardous wastes are placed in the protection pools.
The anti-seepage system of the bottom plate of the protection pool is from bottom to top: the device comprises bedrock, a gravel slag rolling layer, a reinforced impervious concrete protective layer, a concrete slope layer, an observation layer composite geotechnical mesh, protective layer geotechnical cloth, an HDPE impervious layer, protective layer geotechnical cloth, a percolate guide layer pebble layer and anti-blocking filter layer geotechnical cloth, wherein industrial hazardous wastes are arranged on the anti-blocking filter layer geotechnical cloth in a solidified body ton bag mode.
The partitioned common roadway and the landfill chamber are internally provided with channels for personnel inspection and pipeline maintenance, a percolate guide header pipe and an air guide pipe are arranged in the channels, and intercepting ditches are arranged on the left side and the right side of the partitioned common roadway and the landfill chamber bottom plate.
The infiltration intercepting ditches are positioned at the bottoms of two sides in the partitioned public roadway and the landfill chamber, have the drainage function of dredging and draining the water contained in the surrounding rock at the bottom of the pool, isolating the crack water of the surrounding rock at the periphery, guiding the water dripping of the surrounding rock at the upper part, solidifying the HDPE film covered outside the ton bag body, and guiding the water dripping of the top plate into the underground water and the tunneling water burst collecting pool through the infiltration intercepting ditches.
And gas generated by the solidified ton bag is collected and buried in the top of the chamber and flows into a subarea public roadway, a fan and a gas guide pipe are arranged in the subarea public roadway, and the gas guide pipe is laid to the surface of the return airway through the public roadway.
A construction method of a rock cavern backfilled with industrial hazardous wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) underground portal and expanding and repairing method thereof
Setting or expanding an existing horizontal underground door in a mountain rock area on the basis of meeting the requirements of a roadway transport vehicle;
2) public roadway and partitioned public roadway
Developing the width, wall height and net section of the partitioned public roadway to reach the preset standard; intercepting and infiltrating ditches are reserved on two sides of a bottom plate of the partitioned public roadway, a drainage ditch is reserved on one side of the development transportation roadway and is additionally provided with a cover plate, and the intercepting and infiltrating ditches are arranged on two sides of the development transportation roadway for landfill of waste at the later stage;
3) construction of landfill chamber
The multiple landfill chambers are distributed on two sides of the partitioned public roadway and supported by sprayed concrete;
4) leachate storage system
A leachate storage system is arranged near the horizontal underground opening and comprises a leachate collecting pool and an electrical control chamber;
5) underground water and tunneling water burst storage system
The underground water and tunneling water burst storage system is positioned near the horizontal tunnel portal and comprises a tunneling water burst collecting pool and an electrical control room;
6) and a fan chamber, a movable transformer chamber, a lighting distribution chamber and a tapping box chamber are arranged.
And 3) digging in and out the landfill chamber according to the depth requirement in the construction of the landfill chamber in the step 3), leveling the bottom surface of the landfill chamber, arranging seepage intercepting ditches on two sides of the bottom surface of the landfill chamber, manufacturing a concrete layer and an impervious layer in the seepage intercepting ditches, and guiding a flat material vehicle for feeding or discharging materials in later construction of the landfill chamber by taking the seepage intercepting ditches as guide ditches.
The flat material vehicle comprises a flat plate and guide frames on two sides of the bottom surface of the flat plate, a fixed seat of each guide frame is fixed on the bottom surface of the flat plate, two fixed plates of each fixed seat are connected through a fixed shaft, an upper spherical piece penetrates through the fixed shaft, the upper spherical piece is rotatably connected with a movable plate through an external upper sleeve, a lower spherical piece also penetrates through the movable plate, the lower spherical piece is rotatably connected with a side frame through an external lower sleeve, the side frame is provided with a side contact surface, and the bottom end of the movable plate is provided with an underframe; temporary supporting plates are arranged on the seepage-stopping groove seepage-proofing layer and respectively provide supporting surfaces for the side frame and the bottom frame of the guide frame.
In the construction process of the landfill chamber, the flat material vehicle is used for bearing the materials S, the infiltration intercepting ditch is used for guiding the flat material vehicle, and the landfill chamber gradually removes the supporting plates which are not needed to be temporarily paved from the infiltration intercepting ditch from inside to outside to recover the drainage function of the infiltration ditch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the invention firstly proposes to arrange the rock cave type hazardous waste disposal site, not only avoids occupying increasingly valuable land resources in the future, lightens the fear psychology of the public to the hazardous waste disposal site, relieves the 'adjacent wall effect' in the site selection of the hazardous waste landfill site, solves the problem of the ubiquitous land acquisition difficulty of the hazardous waste disposal construction site, leads the new development direction of the hazardous waste disposal industry, and has wide future application prospect.
In addition, compared with the prior art, the method for storing dangerous goods in the cave has the natural advantages of stable storage space and small influence by natural disasters such as earthquake, typhoon, flood and the like, and the safety performance of the method is far superior to that of a common storage mode in the prior art.
2) The flat material vehicle is used during construction of the landfill chamber, and compared with other bearing material vehicles with wheel train structures, the guide frame of the flat material vehicle with the intercepting and infiltrating ditch as the guide ditch is embedded into the intercepting and infiltrating ditch, so that the height of the bearing material vehicle can be fully reduced, building material materials with larger height can be transported, and the condition that the transportation direction of the flat material vehicle deviates does not need to be worried. Establish interim backup pad on the interception ditch barrier and provide the holding surface respectively for the side bearer and the chassis of leading truck, no matter the side bearer or the chassis all is the face contact with the contact of interception ditch, dispersion material pressure that can be fine, the leading truck has two spherical pieces moreover for the leading truck can be according to the actual conditions fine setting contact surface of the interior interim backup pad of interception ditch, make side bearer and chassis homoenergetic abundant laminate with interim backup pad. Especially, the side bearer of leading truck has important effect to the stability of whole flat material car, and the leading truck of flat material car both sides is when cutting infiltration ditch lateral wall with both sides and equate pressure contact, and the leading truck can transversely carry out elastic floating according to cutting infiltration ditch lateral wall actual conditions, prevents the leading truck card that leads to because of cutting the infiltration ditch deformation and hinder to make flat material car more steady operation, consequently, use the flat material car that cuts the infiltration ditch for the leading ditch simultaneously can transport tall and big material, need not to set up advantages such as transportation track in addition.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary mine area and rock faults and cavern landfills therein according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a curing/stabilizing treatment process flow of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a partitioned common roadway and a landfill chamber of the present invention;
figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a landfill chamber of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the landfill chamber construction process of the present invention;
figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the guide frame of the flat material cart of the present invention;
figure 7 is a side elevational view of the guide frame of the flat material cart of the present invention;
figure 8 is a bottom view of the flat material cart of the present invention.
Description of the main reference numerals:
100-landfill chamber, 200-partition roadway, 11-solid brick wall, 12-solidified body ton bag, 13-infiltration intercepting ditch, 131-infiltration ditch side wall, 132-infiltration ditch bottom wall, 14-protection pool bottom plate, 15-moisture-proof waterproof layer, 16-protection pool, 21-flat material vehicle, 22-guide frame, 23-fixed seat, 231-fixed plate, 232-fixed shaft, 24-upper spherical piece, 25-upper sleeve, 26-movable plate, 27-lower spherical piece, 28-lower sleeve, 29-support frame, 291-side frame, 292-side contact surface, 293-underframe, 31-top plate, 32-coil spring, 33-elastic arm and S-material.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
1. Hazardous waste solidification/stabilization process
The solidification/stabilization technology is used for converting toxic and harmful pollutants into substances with relatively stable physical and chemical characteristics, such as low solubility, low mobility and low toxicity. The mechanisms by which the solidification/stabilization technique stabilizes the waste constituents are the combined effects of chemical bonding forces between the waste and the coagulant, physical containment of the waste by the coagulant, adsorption of the waste by the coagulant hydration product, and the like. Converting the waste into an immobile solid or forming a compact solid, changing the permeability, compressibility and strength of the waste.
1) Cement solidification technology
The cement is an inorganic cementing agent, generates gel through hydration reaction, gradually hardens to form a cement solidified body, and contains and seals harmful waste particles in the solidified body. The cement solidification treatment method is very effective in treating various heavy metal-containing sludge. Mainly, cement has higher pH value, so that heavy metal ions in waste generate hydroxide or carbonate which are difficult to dissolve in water under alkaline conditions. Certain heavy metal ions can be fixed in the crystal lattice of the cement matrix, and therefore, cement solidification is widely used for treating various heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and the like) to effectively prevent leaching of the heavy metals.
The cement curing method has the advantages that:
a. the cement stirring and processing technology is quite mature;
b. has considerable tolerance to chemical variations in the waste;
c. the structural defects and water impermeability of the solidified body can be controlled by the ratio of cement to waste;
d. no need of special equipment and low treatment cost.
2) Drug stabilization technology
The medicament stabilizing technology is characterized in that a long-term stabilizing product is formed under the action of chemical bonding force between a medicament and heavy metal, and cannot be leached out again in a landfill environment, so that the long-term influence on the environment is reduced. In addition, the chemical stabilization technology has low capacity increase rate, can effectively reduce the storage capacity of a landfill, but has higher cost. The dangerous waste such as fly ash and incineration residue mainly contains heavy metals, the stabilizing agent of the waste comprises organic polymer stabilizing agent and inorganic stabilizing agent such as sodium thiosulfate and sodium sulfide, and the organic polymer stabilizing agent mainly comprises heavy metal stabilizing chelating agent.
In the embodiment, specific conditions such as economy and long-term stability are considered, a comprehensive technology mainly including cement curing and secondarily including medicament stabilization is selected, and the medicament selects a heavy metal stabilizing chelating agent with a good treatment effect as a stabilizer.
Solidification/stabilization treatment material balance table
2. Hazardous waste receiving and storage
In this embodiment, the receiving form and the requirements for the incineration residue hazardous waste are as follows: the incineration residue dangerous waste with smaller particles and capable of being loaded and unloaded by a powder and granular transport vehicle generally requires that a waste production unit is separately transported by the powder and granular transport vehicle, and the rest incineration residue dangerous waste requires that the waste production unit is packaged by ton bags with the specification of not more than 0.9m multiplied by 1.1 m.
The waste storage area is divided into a plurality of sub storage areas according to the differences of the nature, the quantity, the components and the like of the waste, and the waste is stored according to the following requirements:
1) the planning floor area of each sub-storage area is 6m multiplied by 6m in principle, the pile is 4 layers high, and the height of each layer is controlled to be 1 m. The waste with large amount accounts for 2-3 sub storage areas, and the waste with small amount accounts for one small storage area.
2) The container for containing the dangerous waste is adhered with a label meeting the pollution control standard for storing the dangerous waste, the generation unit of the waste, the address, the telephone, the contact, the chemical composition of the waste, the dangerous situation, the safety measure and the like are noted, the label is uniformly outward, and the label are adhered side by side and are positioned at the obvious position in the vertical middle of the container, the box and the barrel.
3) Incompatible hazardous waste must be separately stored in different sub-storage areas.
3. Hazardous waste landfill site selection
For the project of filling and burying hazardous wastes, the 4.8 requirements of the pollution control standard for filling and burying hazardous wastes (GB 18598-2001) can be referred to the technical standard at present, and the geological conditions of the site shall meet the following requirements:
a. the requirement of a landfill foundation layer can be fully met;
b. enough clay resources are available on site or nearby to meet the requirement of constructing an impermeable layer;
c. the water supply system is positioned outside the range of a main supply area of a groundwater drinking water source, and a centralized water supply well is not arranged at the downstream;
d. the underground water level is below 3m of the impervious layer;
f. the lithology of the natural stratum is relatively uniform, and the permeability is low;
g. the geological structure is relatively simple and stable, and no fault exists.
And, the field address selection should avoid the following regions: a destructive seismic and active tectonic area; tsunami and surge affected zones; wetland and low-lying catchment; areas with highly concentrated ground stress and high ground lifting or settling rate; a lime cave development zone; a abandoned mine or subsided area; collapse, rockfill, landslide zones; mountain torrents, debris flow areas; an active sand hill area; unstable alluvial fans and gully areas; highly compressible sludge, peat and soft soil areas and other areas that may compromise landfill safety.
A cavern is a hole dug in an area with relatively uniform lithology and low permeability of a natural stratum; the structure of the geological structure is relatively simple and stable without fault. The rock cavern basically meets the requirements of dangerous waste landfill, and then needs to be modified to be more suitable for dangerous waste landfill, such as the improvement of seepage-proofing capacity or seepage-draining capacity.
4. Underground landfill of dangerous waste
According to the characteristics of an underground landfill and relevant specification requirements, unitized operation is suitable, each rock cave landfill chamber is preliminarily determined to be a straight-wall three-core arch chamber with the length of 15m, the width of 4.79m and the height of 4.8m (clearance), and the landfill chambers are relatively independent and are connected with a partitioned public roadway; the landfill chamber is internally provided with a reinforced concrete protection pool (the lower part is reinforced concrete, and the upper part is a non-clay solid brick wall), the pool bottom is provided with an anti-seepage structure (percolate guide and discharge) according to the standard requirement, a ton bag of hazardous waste solidified bodies is stacked in the protection pool, the upper part is covered with an HDPE (high-density polyethylene) anti-seepage film, the protection pool is not in contact with the chamber wall, a 150mm gap is reserved, the lower part is provided with an infiltration intercepting ditch, and if the seepage and dripping phenomenon occurs in the chamber during the maintenance period, the infiltration ditch can be used for guiding water to an underground water collecting pool, so that the. The space isolation of dangerous useless solidification body and chamber wall has been realized to the setting up of protection pond, has prevented simultaneously that ton bag from empting, and the solidification body scatters.
In order to improve the utilization rate of underground space, the partitioned public roadway is also subjected to landfill operation in the later period, but accidents such as surrounding rock settlement, protective film damage, ton bag collapse, pipeline blockage or collapse are possible to happen, regular inspection is carried out, accidents are found as early as possible, and leachate pollution is avoided from the source, so that sidewalks are arranged in the partitioned public roadway.
In order to prevent the accumulation of harmful gas in the landfill unit, a special gas guide pipeline is arranged to the ground surface safety position.
The landfill ventilation adopts the mode of combining full-section ventilation and local ventilation, the whole ventilation of the underground landfill adopts full-section ventilation, a local fan is added for ventilation when the landfill chamber works, the air safety in the landfill process is ensured, after the landfill chamber and a landfill roadway are sealed, the gas guiding and ventilation operation is firstly carried out when the landfill chamber and the landfill roadway are regularly inspected, and the gas in the area is ensured to enter after reaching the standard and being safe.
Temporary lighting equipment is adopted for indoor landfill in a landfill chamber, and a lighting line is erected on a public roadway.
And after the landfill leachate is collected, discharging the landfill leachate to a leachate treatment room for treatment. And (4) discharging the underground water and the tunneling gushing water after the underground water and the tunneling gushing water are detected to be qualified, and treating the underground water and the tunneling gushing water in a mine water treatment workshop or a leachate treatment workshop which do not reach the standard.
Personnel and vehicles in the landfill site enter from a 170m adit, and the landfill site is developed in different areas and filled in different areas, so that the mutual interference between the personnel and the vehicles is reduced.
In the tunneling construction of an underground landfill, a landfill chamber served by a subarea public roadway requires stable protection structure after landfill, stable stacking of solidified bodies, no water seepage and dripping on a side wall top plate, normal floor leachate production, no abnormity of a floor leachate observation layer (leachate should not flow out and groundwater outflow should not be too large), and landfill operation of the subarea public roadway can be carried out after the stability is confirmed by observing for six months when the landfill chamber does not need to be repaired. Before the regional public roadway is buried, the burying operation can be carried out when no leakage and water dripping of the top plate and the side wall are confirmed.
After the solidified body is buried in the landfill chamber and the roadway (the subarea common roadway), the production amount of percolate is suddenly overlarge (2 times of the average level), and whether a large amount of percolate water points suddenly appear on the side wall top plates of the landfill chamber and the roadway (the subarea common roadway) or not is checked. And if the side wall top plate has a large amount of water leakage, finding out the reason according to the construction records and taking remedial measures. If the condition of a large amount of water leakage of the top plate of the side wall does not exist, whether the underground water rises to an impermeable layer through the bottom plate or not is checked through the bottom plate observation layer and the intercepting ditch, and corresponding remedial measures are taken.
The production of leachate after filling the solidification in the landfill chambers and tunnels (zoned utility tunnels) is suddenly too low (below average level 1/2) and it should be ascertained through the floor observation layer whether the leachate has leaked through the damaged barrier membrane into the observation layer. If the percolate film is damaged, the cause is found according to construction records, and remedial measures are taken. When the impermeable membrane is damaged in the laying process, the impermeable membrane should be repaired or abandoned in a whole block to be laid again without damage according to the laying rule of the impermeable membrane.
The main landfill object of the underground landfill is an incineration residue solidified body subjected to solidification/stabilization treatment. The underground landfill mainly comprises a landfill chamber, a landfill roadway (utilizing a partitioned public roadway), an exploitation transportation roadway, a percolate collecting pool, underground water, a tunneling water burst storage pool and the like, and the landfill is located at the level of 170 m.
The incineration residue solidified body is generated for the solidified line of the project, the solidified body is packaged into a leakage-proof flexible container (ton bag), the size of the ton bag is temporarily considered to be 0.9 multiplied by 0.9m, the solidified body is conveyed to an inlet of a landfill chamber of an underground landfill site by adopting the earth surface of a special transport vehicle, the ton bag is unloaded to a subarea public roadway at the inlet of the landfill chamber by utilizing a special truck-mounted crane, and then the solidified body is stacked in a protective pool of the landfill chamber by utilizing a small crane. And the stacking and the impermeable layer operation are alternately carried out. And after the units are fully piled, the end wall of the protection pool is sealed. Because a small crane for landfill needs to be customized and reformed to a factory, the alternating step distance of the stacking and impermeable layer operation is considered to be 4.5m temporarily.
After the landfill chambers in the subareas are stacked and observed for 6 months, the landfill blocks in the landfill chambers are stable, the percolate is normally discharged, and the cliff dripping water is not required to be treated, so that the subarea public roadway landfill operation can be carried out. The sequence of the landfill operation is the same as that of the landfill chamber. And after the regional public roadway is buried, sealing two ends of the regional public roadway by using asbestos plates or steel-wood gates.
In the later operation stage, after the solidified bodies are filled in all the unit and partition public roadways of the partial development transportation roadways, the solidified body filling operation can be carried out after special argumentations of departments such as a design institute and an original ring evaluation unit, and after filling, the gates are sealed by asbestos plates or steel wood gates.
The underground hazardous waste landfill site belongs to the first case in China, the landfill machinery, the landfill operation, the impermeable layer laying and the percolate guide pipe installation have no similar engineering reference, and the impermeable form of the landfill chamber is proposed for the impermeable construction for the first time in the embodiment and adopts a rigid structure formed by combining a reinforced concrete shell and a flexible artificial lining.
The anti-seepage structure at the bottom of the landfill chamber sequentially comprises the following components: rock substrate, impervious reinforced concrete 250mm, concrete slope layer 100mm, observation layer composite geonet 6mm, protective layer geofabric 1000g/m2HDPE impervious layer 2.5mm, protective layer geotextile 1000g/m2The thickness of the percolate diversion layer pebbles is 200mm, and the anti-blocking filter layer geotextile is 400g/m2And dangerous waste ton bags. Side anti-seepage system outside-in-outsideThe following steps are carried out: bedrock, 100mm or 250mm of structural support (determined according to the stability of surrounding rocks), 150mm of isolation space, 0.6m of lower anchor, 240mm thick masonry wall body of impervious reinforced concrete 250mm thick upper non-clay solid brick, 10mm of waterproof mortar and 1000g/m of protective layer geotextile22.5mm HDPE impermeable layer and 1000g/m protective layer geotextile2。
The layers act from bottom to top: the concrete anti-seepage protective layer is used for protecting the bedrock and is also an observation layer after the upper HDPE film is damaged.
And (3) observing the layer composite geonet: forming a space for the rapid flow of the percolate.
Geotextile: the HDPE film is protected from damage.
HDPE film: isolating the percolate, collecting and draining.
And gas generated by the solidified body is collected and buried in the top of the chamber and flows into a subarea public roadway, a fan is arranged in the subarea public roadway and is provided with a gas guide pipe, and the gas guide pipe is laid to the surface of the return airway through the public roadway.
Percolate generated by the solidified body is gathered in a seepage flow guide pipeline of the landfill chamber through the pebble guide layer, and automatically flows to a seepage flow pipeline of the partitioned common roadway and automatically flows to a percolate collecting pool near the chamber door through the seepage flow guide pipeline of the unit. And the observation layer is required to be sampled and detected regularly, and if the water pollution is found to exceed the standard, emergency measures are taken to find the reason, repair the leak and prevent the pollution and the diffusion of the percolate. If seepage water occurs in the landfill chamber, the seepage water automatically flows to underground water near the chamber door through a seepage intercepting channel and a tunneling water burst collecting pool.
After the protective pool and the seepage intercepting ditch are arranged, the net width of the landfill chamber is 4.89m, and the net section is 21.91m2The anti-seepage structure at the bottom of the protective pool is basically unchanged, the height of the bottom of the concrete protective skirt is 0.6m, the thickness of the concrete protective skirt is 160mm, the cured bulk ton bags are stacked in the landfill chamber and are not in direct contact with the side walls, a safety gap is reserved for 100mm, and in order to increase the stability of stacking the ton bags, the ton bags are integrally and firmly stacked by using a nylon mesh cover or a packaging belt; a ton bag pile is covered with a composite geomembrane with the thickness of 2.2mm, and a chamber IVAnd water drops are paved around the upper surrounding rock of the inverted flow pipe.
On the bottom impermeable concrete, concrete slope finding layer of 100mm, observation layer composite geonet of 6mm and protective layer geofabric of 1000g/m are arranged in sequence2HDPE impervious layer 2.5mm, protective layer geotextile 1000g/m2Geotextile with three-dimensional composite drainage grid and anti-blocking filter layer of 400g/m2Net cover, solidified body ton bag.
The partitioned public roadway is used as a transportation roadway in the early stage, sprayed concrete is adopted for supporting, and broken stone slag on a bottom plate is rolled out, so that various vehicles can be driven. And when the time of 6 months is observed after the landfill chambers in the subareas are stacked, the landfill blocks in the landfill chambers are stable, and the percolate is normally discharged, and the construction of the subarea public roadway protection pool can be carried out at the moment.
The partitioned common roadway is provided with reinforced concrete protection pools, the net length is usually 31.9m, 1m pedestrian intervals are reserved between the two pools, and the pedestrian intervals are opposite to the unit cave mouth; the net width of the protective pool is 2.75m, and the net height of the pool is 3.28 m. A channel of 0.75m is reserved between the side wall of the protective pool and the surrounding rock. The anti-seepage system of the bottom plate of the protection pool is from bottom to top: 250mm of bedrock and reinforced impervious concrete protective layer, 100mm of concrete slope layer, 6mm of composite geonet of observation layer and 1000g/m of protective layer geotextile2HDPE impervious layer 2.5mm, protective layer geotextile 1000g/m2The thickness of the percolate diversion layer pebbles is 200mm, and the anti-blocking filter layer geotextile is 400g/m2And a cured ton bag.
The passage in the partitioned public roadway is used for the inspection and pipeline maintenance of personnel, a percolate guide header pipe is arranged in the passage, an air guide pipe is arranged at the inlet, and a seepage intercepting ditch is arranged on the bottom plate. The width of the intercepting and percolating ditch is 300mm and the depth is 350mm, surrounding rock at the bottom of the pool is dredged to contain water, surrounding rock crack water around the pool is cut off, surrounding rock dripping water on the upper portion is led out, and the unit intercepting and percolating ditch is communicated to lead out the surrounding rock dripping water in the landfill chamber.
The cured bulk ton bag was covered with a 2.2mm HDPE film and the roof was accidentally dripped through the intercepting drain into the ground water and into the tunneling surge collection tank.
The percolate is led into a percolate pool through a PVC pipeline.
In order to further enlarge the underground space utilization rate, part of the developed transportation roadways are used as landfill roadways after the landfill work is completely finished in the landfill chambers and the partitioned public roadways and the landfill roadways are observed and demonstrated.
A reinforced concrete protection pool is arranged in a main transportation roadway for landfill operation, the net length is usually 22.3m, and a pedestrian space of 1m is reserved between the two pools; the net width of the protective pool is 2.76m, and the net height of the pool is 3.28 m. A channel of 0.75m is reserved between one side of the side wall of the protective pool and the surrounding rock.
The anti-seepage system of the bottom plate of the protection pool is from bottom to top: bedrock, crushed rock slag rolling layer, reinforced impervious concrete protective layer 300mm, concrete slope layer 100mm, observation layer composite geotechnical mesh 6mm and protective layer geotechnical cloth 1000g/m2HDPE impervious layer 2.5mm, protective layer geotextile 1000g/m2The thickness of the percolate diversion layer pebbles is 200mm, and the anti-blocking filter layer geotextile is 400g/m2And a cured ton bag.
The main transport roadway is buried in a channel for personnel inspection and pipeline maintenance, a percolate guide header pipe and an air guide pipe are arranged in the channel, and a seepage intercepting ditch is arranged on a bottom plate. The width of the seepage interception ditch is 300mm, the depth of the seepage interception ditch is 350mm, the width of the seepage interception ditch on the other side is 150mm, the depth of the seepage interception ditch is 350mm, surrounding rock at the bottom of the dredging and draining pool contains water, surrounding rock crack water around the dredging and draining pool is separated, water drops of the surrounding rock on the upper portion are led out, and the seepage interception ditch of the communicating unit leads out the water drops of the surrounding rock.
And covering a 2.2mm HDPE film on the cured body ton bag, and guiding the water dropping from the top plate into underground water through the seepage intercepting ditch and a tunneling water burst collecting pool.
The percolate is led into a percolate pool through a PVC pipeline.
6. Construction method of rock cavern
The embodiment provides a construction method of a rock cavern backfilled with industrial hazardous waste, which comprises the following steps:
1) underground portal and expanding and repairing method thereof
Establishing or expanding an existing horizontal underground door on the basis of meeting the requirements of a roadway transport vehicle;
2) public roadway and partitioned public roadway
Developing the width, wall height and net section of the partitioned public roadway to reach the preset standard; intercepting and infiltrating ditches are reserved on two sides of a bottom plate of the partitioned public roadway, a drainage ditch is reserved on one side of the development transportation roadway and is additionally provided with a cover plate, and the intercepting and infiltrating ditches are arranged on two sides of the development transportation roadway for landfill of waste at the later stage;
3) construction of landfill chamber
The multiple landfill chambers are distributed on two sides of the partitioned public roadway and supported by sprayed concrete;
4) leachate storage system
A leachate storage system is arranged near the horizontal underground opening and comprises a leachate collecting pool and an electrical control chamber;
5) underground water and tunneling water burst storage system
The underground water and tunneling water burst storage system is positioned near the horizontal tunnel portal and comprises a tunneling water burst collecting pool and an electrical control room;
6) and a fan chamber, a movable transformer chamber, a lighting distribution chamber and a tapping box chamber are arranged.
In the construction of the landfill chamber, the transportation of materials is a problem which is relatively difficult to solve, and a common transport vehicle can drive and load and unload goods in a public roadway and a subarea public roadway, but the landfill chamber is a branch area, has small space and is difficult to drive in by the transport vehicle. In order to solve the problem, in the construction of the landfill chamber in the step 3), the entering and exiting landfill chamber is dug according to the depth requirement, the bottom surface of the landfill chamber is leveled, seepage intercepting ditches are arranged on two sides of the bottom surface of the landfill chamber, after a concrete layer and an impervious layer are manufactured in the seepage intercepting ditches 13, the seepage intercepting ditches are used as guide ditches for guiding a flat material vehicle for feeding or discharging materials in the later construction of the landfill chamber. Compared with other bearing material vehicles with wheel train structures, the guide frame 22 of the flat material vehicle 21 with the seepage intercepting groove as the guide groove is embedded into the seepage intercepting groove, so that the height of the bearing material vehicle can be fully reduced, building material materials with larger height can be transported, and the condition that the transportation direction of the flat material vehicle deviates is not needed to be worried.
The guide frame 22 is an important innovation point of the flat plate material trolley 21, the flat plate material trolley 21 comprises a flat plate and the guide frames 22 on two sides of the bottom surface of the flat plate, a fixed seat 23 of the guide frame 22 is fixed on the bottom surface of the flat plate, two fixed plates 231 of the fixed seat 23 are connected through a fixed shaft 232, an upper spherical piece 24 penetrates through the fixed shaft 232, the upper spherical piece 24 is rotatably connected with a movable plate 26 through an external upper sleeve 25, a lower spherical piece 27 further penetrates through the movable plate 26, the lower spherical piece 27 is rotatably connected with a side frame 291 through an external lower sleeve 28, the side frame 291 is provided with a side contact surface 292, and the bottom end of the movable plate 26 is; temporary support plates are provided on the impermeable layers of the intercepting drain 13 to provide support surfaces for the side frame 291 and the bottom frame 293 of the guide frame 22, respectively. When the flat plate material vehicle with the wheel train is used, the contact between the wheel and the ground is point contact, and pressure is concentrated on the contact point, so that the flat plate material vehicle is not suitable for the intercepting drain in the embodiment, and the waterproof layer in the intercepting drain is crushed. And the supporting frame 29 of the guide frame 22 includes two supporting surfaces, one is a side frame and the other is a bottom frame, no matter the side frame or the bottom frame contacts with the intercepting and infiltrating ditch, the material pressure can be dispersed well, and the guide frame 22 has two spherical parts, so that the guide frame 22 can finely adjust the contact surface according to the actual situation of the temporary supporting plate in the intercepting and infiltrating ditch, and the side frame and the bottom frame can be attached to the temporary supporting plate fully.
Further, the applicant finds that the side frames of the guide frames play an important role in the stability of the whole platform material truck, and the platform material truck can run more stably when the guide frames 22 on the two sides of the platform material truck 21 are in equal pressure contact with the side walls 131 of the two side infiltration grooves, so that the coil spring 32 is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the platform material truck 21, and equal pressure is provided for the two sides. The guide frame 22 can slide in the transverse direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the platform material car 21, a coil spring 32 is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the platform material car 21, two elastic arms 33 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the coil spring 32, each elastic arm 33 biases the guide frame 22 outwards in the transverse direction, and the side frame 291 of the guide frame 22 is kept in pressure contact with the side wall 131 of the infiltration intercepting groove 13.
In the construction process of the landfill chamber, the flat material trolley 21 is used for bearing the materials S, the infiltration intercepting ditch 13 is used for guiding the flat material trolley 21, and the landfill chamber gradually removes the supporting plates which are not needed to be temporarily paved from the infiltration intercepting ditch 13 from the inside to the outside, so that the liquid drainage function of the infiltration intercepting ditch 13 is recovered. Therefore, the flat material trolley 21 using the seepage intercepting groove as the guide groove has the advantages of being capable of conveying tall and big materials, not needing to be additionally provided with a conveying track and the like.
7. Safety precautions taken in the design
In the embodiment, according to the characteristics of rock cavern construction, safe production measures are formulated in the aspects of underground roadway support, hazardous article storage, pipeline corrosion prevention, electrical equipment safety measures and the like, so that the construction and production safety is ensured.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (2)
1. A construction method of a rock cavern backfilled with industrial hazardous wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) underground portal and expanding and repairing method thereof
Setting or expanding an existing horizontal underground door in a mountain rock area on the basis of meeting the requirements of a roadway transport vehicle;
2) developing public tunnel and partitioned public tunnel
Developing the width, wall height and net section of the partitioned public roadway to reach the preset standard; intercepting and infiltrating ditches are reserved on two sides of a bottom plate of the partitioned public roadway, a drainage ditch is reserved on one side of the development transportation roadway and is additionally provided with a cover plate, and the intercepting and infiltrating ditches are arranged on two sides of the development transportation roadway for landfill of waste at the later stage;
3) construction of landfill chamber
The multiple landfill chambers are distributed on two sides of the partitioned public roadway and supported by sprayed concrete;
4) set up leachate storage system
Arranging a percolate storage system near the horizontal underground cave mouth, wherein the percolate storage system comprises a percolate collecting pool and an electric control chamber;
5) storage system for opening underground water and tunneling water burst
The underground water and tunneling water burst storage system is positioned near the horizontal tunnel entrance and comprises a tunneling water burst collecting pool and an electrical control room;
6) arranging a fan chamber, a movable transformer chamber, a lighting distribution chamber and a tapping box chamber;
wherein, in the construction of the landfill chamber in the step 3), the entering and exiting landfill chamber are dug according to the depth requirement, the bottom surface of the landfill chamber is leveled, seepage intercepting ditches are arranged at two sides of the bottom surface of the landfill chamber, after a concrete layer and an impervious layer are manufactured in the seepage intercepting ditches (13), the seepage intercepting ditches are used as guide ditches for guiding a flat material vehicle for the materials which are fed or discharged in the later construction of the landfill chamber;
the flat material vehicle (21) comprises a flat plate and guide frames (22) on two sides of the bottom surface of the flat plate, a fixed seat (23) of each guide frame (22) is fixed on the bottom surface of the flat plate, two fixed plates (231) of each fixed seat (23) are connected through a fixed shaft (232), an upper spherical part (24) penetrates through each fixed shaft (232), the upper spherical part (24) is rotatably connected with a movable plate (26) through an external upper sleeve (25), a lower spherical part (27) also penetrates through each movable plate (26), the lower spherical part (27) is rotatably connected with a side frame (291) through an external lower sleeve (28), the side frame (291) is provided with a side contact surface (292), and the bottom end of each movable plate (26) is provided with an underframe (293); temporary support plates are arranged on the impermeable layer of the seepage intercepting ditch (13) and respectively provide support surfaces for a side frame (291) and an underframe (293) of the guide frame (22);
the guide frame (22) can slide in the transverse direction of the flat material vehicle (21) which is vertical to the advancing direction, a coil spring (32) is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the flat material vehicle (21), two elastic arms (33) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the coil spring (32), each elastic arm (33) biases the guide frame (22) outwards in the transverse direction through a top plate (31), and the side frame (291) of the guide frame (22) is kept in pressure contact with the side wall (131) of the seepage intercepting groove (13).
2. The method of constructing a cavern backfilled with industrial hazardous wastes according to claim 1, wherein: in the construction process of the landfill chamber, a flat material vehicle (21) is used for bearing materials (S), the infiltration intercepting ditch (13) is used for guiding the flat material vehicle (21), the landfill chamber gradually removes the supporting plate which is not needed to be temporarily paved from the infiltration intercepting ditch (13) from inside to outside, and the liquid drainage function of the infiltration intercepting ditch (13) is recovered.
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