CN110328567A - A kind of big aspect ratio hole measurement grinding integral processing method - Google Patents
A kind of big aspect ratio hole measurement grinding integral processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110328567A CN110328567A CN201910544895.8A CN201910544895A CN110328567A CN 110328567 A CN110328567 A CN 110328567A CN 201910544895 A CN201910544895 A CN 201910544895A CN 110328567 A CN110328567 A CN 110328567A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/20—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor relating to feed movement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/003—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving acoustic means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
- B24B5/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces internally
- B24B5/10—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces internally involving a horizontal tool spindle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B5/40—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding tubes internally
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B51/00—Arrangements for automatic control of a series of individual steps in grinding a workpiece
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
- Numerical Control (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of big aspect ratio hole measurement grinding integral processing method, belongs to inner circle accurate grinding manufacture field.In process using aperture at stylus measurement each section of workpiece, the size by calculating inner hole of workpiece machining allowance δ judges the locating process segment, corresponding machined parameters is selected to carry out tools for inner bores of workpieces processing.Work as δ0> 0.5mm, using roughing parameter, mill bar precompressed amount 2/3Xs < Xap0≤ Xs, 20 μm of < a of cutting-inp≤30μm；As 0.1mm < δ1When≤0.5mm, using semifinishing parameter, mill bar precompressed amount 1/3Xs < Xap0≤ 2/3Xs, 10 μm of < a of cutting-inp≤20μm；As 0.01mm < δ2When≤0.1mm, using finishing parameter, mill bar precompressed amount 1/4Xs < Xap0≤ 1/3Xs, 2 μm of < a of cutting-inp≤10μm；Work as δ3When≤0.01mm, using last process segment parameter, 0 < Xa of mill bar precompressed amountp0≤ 1/4Xs, 0 μm of < a of cutting-inp≤2μm.The present invention realizes the measurement grinding one automation processing in big aspect ratio hole, improves production efficiency, reduces rejection rate, and easy to operate, mitigates operator's labor intensity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to inner circle accurate grinding manufacture fields, are related to a kind of big integrated processing side of aspect ratio hole measurement grinding
Method.
Background technique
The big parts such as aspect ratio thin walled cylinder body and pressurized strut are to constitute undercarriage Vibrant buffer unit and folding and unfolding campaign
The important support part and hydraulic motion part of unit, are the core components of undercarriage.To guarantee that undercarriage is highly reliable, high
The service performance of quality prevents occurring the failures such as high pressure oil leaks or movement parts are stuck in use process, it is necessary to assure sleeve
With the precision and surface quality of the deep holes thin-walled workpiece inner hole such as pressurized strut.
Such part is mainly processed on common deep hole grinder at present, since such part has aspect ratio big, hole
The characteristics of diameter is small and thin-walled, therefore process that mill bar used is elongated, and poor rigidity, process medium plain emery wheel is big by knife, causes each material
The practical removal depth of material is less than theoretical cutting-in ap, to guarantee that inner hole meets dimension precision requirement after work pieces process, in semifinishing
It needs operator using inside micrometer repeated measurement workpiece aperture with finishing stage, determines next stepping cutting-in apIt is big
It is small.Longer due to measuring inside micrometer used, the axis of inside micrometer and the concentricity of inner hole of workpiece axis are missed when measurement
Difference brings very big error to measurement result, easily causes workpiece aperture processing error and the serious consequence scrapped；In pressurized strut simultaneously
Pore structure is complicated, including multiple ladders and excessive circular and step surface, in inside diameter measurement every section of inner hole need to measure it is multiple not
With the aperture at section, it is very big that workload is measured in the entire process-cycle of a workpiece, thus has been significantly greatly increased worker's
Labor intensity, and the measurement process used time is made to occupy the significant portion of entire machining period, seriously reduce processing efficiency；Due to hole
Diameter measurement cannot achieve the automation processing of measurement processing one by being accomplished manually.Processing efficiency is low for traditional diamond-making technique,
Workpiece accuracy consistency is poor, high rejection rate, high to operator's technical requirements, and labor intensity of workers is big, has been unable to satisfy this
Requirement type component precise high-efficiency processing and produced in enormous quantities, therefore there is an urgent need to invent or develop a kind of new big aspect ratio
Hole measurement is ground integrated processing technology, to solve the above problems and realize the accurate, efficient of such big aspect ratio part and oneself
Dynamicization processing, the Precision Machining for aerospace key components and parts provide technical guarantee.
Summary of the invention
Processing efficiency is low, element precision retentivity difference and can not establish measurement and grinding for set forth above by the present invention
Between relative positional relationship the problem of, a kind of big aspect ratio hole measurement grinding integral processing method is provided.
To achieve the goals above, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of big aspect ratio hole measurement grinding integral processing method, comprising the following steps:
S1, lathe is opened, workpiece and grinding wheel is installed, confirm that lathe working condition and processing program are normal.
S2, control machine Z-axis workbench are fast moved to Z-direction security bit coordinate Z1=Z0- 180, wherein Z0For the grinding wheel right side
When end face and workpiece left end face contact, machine Z-axis raster coordinate value, i.e. Z0For workpiece Z-direction zero point；
S3, control lathe X-axis workbench are fast moved to X to security bit coordinate X0, X0For the workpiece centre of gyration and mill bar axle
When line is overlapped, lathe X-axis raster coordinate value.
S4, inside diameter measurement: control lathe X-axis workbench and Z axis movable workbench, at stylus measurement each section of workpiece
Aperture, and record at corresponding aperture X of the stylus bulb in lathe coordinate system to Z-direction coordinate, take minimum value in institute's gaging hole diameter
DminAnd its coordinate (X of the corresponding position stylus bulb in lathe coordinate system2,Z2)。
S5, grinding wheel are to knife: at the smallest cross-sectional of workpiece aperture, being closed according to the relative position between grinding wheel and stylus bulb
System completes grinding wheel quick tool setting using sound emission, and record at this time X of the grinding wheel in lathe coordinate system to the coordinate value with Z-direction
(X3,Z3), and control lathe X-axis workbench and Z axis workbench is fast moved to X to security bit X0With Z-direction security bit Z1。
S6, judge machining allowance δ0=D0+EI-DminWhether > 0.5mm is true, is, executes step S7, no, executes step
S11, wherein D0For workpiece nominal pore size, EI is the lower deviation in aperture.
S7, starting work spindle motor start grinding wheel master by scroll chuck drive workpiece rotation to working speed
Axis is to working speed, and using roughing parameter, Xs as described below is the maximum flexibility amount allowed when mill bar is used safely, control
It is Xa that lathe X-axis workbench processed, which applies mill bar precompressed amount,p0, 2/3Xs < Xap0≤Xs。
S8, control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 20 μm of < ap≤ 30 μm, Z axis workbench is with reciprocating speed faFortune
It moves to Z-direction coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 20 μm of < ap≤ 30 μm, Z axis workbench with
Reciprocating speed faMove to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1, record roughing stage Grinding Cycle Command frequency n1, wherein L is inner hole of workpiece
Length, 0≤Δ b1≤ 1/2B, 1/2B≤Δ b2≤ B, B are grinding wheel width, 100mm/min≤fa≤200mm/min。
S9, judgementIt is whether true, it is to execute step S10, it is no, step S8 is executed, wherein N1=1,2,3 ...,
Specific value is according to the mill bar precompressed amount Xa in roughing stagep0, cutting-in apAnd machining allowance δ0It determines.
S10, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece is measured using stylus, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D1。
S11, judge machining allowance 0.1mm < δ1=D0+EI-D1Whether≤0.5mm is true, is, executes step S12, no,
Execute step S8.
S12, using semifinishing parameter, control lathe X-axis workbench and apply mill bar precompressed amount Xap0, 1/3Xs < Xap0≤
2/3Xs。
S13, control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 10 μm of < ap≤ 20 μm, Z axis workbench is with reciprocating speed fa?
Z-direction coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 10 μm of < ap≤ 20 μm, Z axis workbench is with reciprocal
Speed faMove to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1, record semifinishing stage Grinding Cycle Command frequency n2。
S14, judgementIt is whether true, it is to execute step S15, it is no, step S13 is executed, wherein N2=1,2,3 ...,
Specific value is according to the mill bar precompressed amount Xa in semifinishing stagep0, cutting-in apAnd machining allowance δ1It determines.
S15, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece is measured using stylus, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D2。
S16, judge machining allowance 0.01mm < δ2=D0+EI-D2Whether≤0.1mm is true, is, executes step S17, no,
Execute step S13.
S17, using finishing parameter, control lathe X-axis workbench apply mill bar precompressed amount Xap0, 1/4Xs < Xap0≤1/
3Xs。
S18, control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 2 μm of < ap≤ 10 μm, Z axis workbench is with reciprocating speed faIn Z
To coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 2 μm of < ap≤ 10 μm, the previous complex-velocity of Z axis workbench
Spend faMove to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1。
S19, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece is measured using stylus, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D3。
S20, judge machining allowance δ3=D0+EI-D3Whether≤0.01mm is true, is, executes step S21, no, executes step
Rapid S18.
S21, using final stage machined parameters, control lathe X-axis workbench and apply mill bar precompressed amount Xap0, 0≤Xap0≤
1/4Xs。
S22, control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 0 < ap≤ 2 μm, Z axis workbench is with reciprocating speed faIn Z-direction
Coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 0 < ap≤ 2 μm, Z axis workbench is with reciprocating speed faFortune
It moves to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1。
S23, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece is measured using stylus, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D4。
S24, judge D0+EI≤D4≤D0Whether+ES is true, is, executes step S25, no, executes step S22.
S25, control lathe X-axis workbench are fast moved to X to security bit X0, Z axis workbench fast moves safe to Z-direction
Position Z1, complete grinding.
Further, it is determined that different grinding stage medium plain emery wheels reach the Grinding Cycle Command number of abrasion(wherein, N is maximum integer, and G passes through technique according to grinding wheel and workpiece to be machined material for grinding ratio
Test determination, vGrinding wheelFor abrasion of grinding wheel amount, D=Dmin、D1、D2、D3, apCorrespond to the cutting-in in process segment), in abrasion of grinding wheel
It is modified afterwards, and by crushing amount b compensation to lathe X into feeding coordinate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
(1) big aspect ratio hole measurement of the invention grinding integral processing method is able to achieve, and stylus is utilized in grinding process
It is automatically performed inside diameter measurement at each section of workpiece, avoids manual measurement in traditional grinding, the labour for alleviating worker is strong
Degree, while also ensuring inside diameter measurement precision, to reduce rejection rate, the consistency of inner hole of workpiece precision is improved, improves and adds
Work efficiency rate.
(2) big aspect ratio hole measurement of the invention grinding integral processing method is able to achieve, true according to inside diameter measurement result
Determine workpiece locating process segment at present, selects suitable technological parameter to carry out grinding, improve processing efficiency, realize survey
The automation processing of amount grinding one；Meanwhile operation of the present invention is simple, reduces the technical requirements to operator.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is measurement-process integration numerical control deep-hole grinding machine schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the big aspect ratio hole of the embodiment of the present invention is ground flow chart.
In figure: 1 lathe bed, 2Z axis workbench, 3 workpiece, 4 grinding wheels, 5 centre frames, 6 dressers, 7 mill bars, the work of 8X axis
Platform, 9 measuring staffs, 10 styluses, 11 stylus bulb a, 12 stylus bulb b, 13 scroll chucks, 14 spindle boxes, 15 motors.
Specific embodiment
It in order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention more clearly or scheme in the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing skill
Attached drawing needed in art description is made simply to introduce, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is of the invention
Some embodiments for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also be according to this
A little attached drawings obtain other attached drawings.
A kind of big aspect ratio hole measurement grinding integral processing method, based on measurement as shown in Figure 1-process integration number
It controls deep-hole grinding machine and realizes that the grinding machine includes lathe bed 1, Z axis workbench 2, centre frame 5, dresser 6, mill bar 7, X-axis workbench
8, measuring staff 9, stylus 10, stylus bulb a11, stylus bulb b12, scroll chuck 13, spindle box 14, motor 15.The X-axis work
Make platform 8, Z axis workbench 2 is set on lathe bed 1, and can on lathe bed 1 along the x axis, Z-direction it is mobile, 7 one end of mill bar is logical
It crosses tensioner to be fixedly clamped on X-axis workbench 8, the other end is connect with grinding wheel 4, and 9 one end of measuring staff is fixedly clamped by tensioner
On X-axis workbench 8, the other end is connect with stylus 10.Workpiece 3 is mounted on Z axis workbench 2,3 one end of workpiece and three-jaw card
Disk 13 connects, and scroll chuck 13 is connect by spindle box 14 with motor 15, and 3 other end of workpiece is supported by centre frame 5.
A kind of big aspect ratio hole measurement grinding integral processing method, as shown in Figure 2, comprising the following steps:
S1, lathe is opened, workpiece 3 and grinding wheel 4 is installed, confirm that lathe working condition and processing program are normal；
S2, control machine Z-axis workbench 2 are fast moved to Z-direction security bit coordinate Z1=Z0- 180, wherein Z0For grinding wheel 4
When right side and 3 left end face contact of workpiece, machine Z-axis raster coordinate value, i.e. Z0For workpiece 3Z directional null；
S3, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 are fast moved to X to security bit coordinate X0, X0For 3 centre of gyration of workpiece and mill bar
When 7 axis are overlapped, lathe X-axis raster coordinate value；
S4, inside diameter measurement: control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and Z axis workbench 2 are mobile, and it is each to measure workpiece 3 using stylus 10
Aperture at section, and record at corresponding aperture X of the stylus bulb in lathe coordinate system to Z-direction coordinate, take in institute's gaging hole diameter
Minimum value DminAnd its coordinate (X of the corresponding position stylus bulb in lathe coordinate system2,Z2)；
S5, grinding wheel are to knife: at 3 aperture smallest cross-sectional of workpiece, being closed according to the relative position between grinding wheel 4 and stylus bulb
System completes 4 quick tool setting of grinding wheel using sound emission, and record at this time X of the grinding wheel 4 in lathe coordinate system to the coordinate with Z-direction
It is worth (X3,Z3), and control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and Z axis workbench 2 is fast moved to X to security bit X0With Z-direction security bit Z1；
S6, judge machining allowance δ0=D0+EI-DminWhether > 0.5mm is true, is, executes step S7, no, executes step
S11, wherein D0For 3 nominal pore size of workpiece, EI is the lower deviation in aperture；
S7, starting work spindle motor 15 drive workpiece 3 to rotate to working speed by scroll chuck 13, while starting sand
Main shaft is taken turns to working speed, using roughing parameter, Xs as described below is the maximum flexibility allowed when mill bar 7 is used safely
Amount, it is Xa that control lathe X-axis workbench 8, which applies 7 precompressed amount of mill bar,p0, 2/3Xs < Xap0≤Xs；
S8, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 feed cutting-in ap, 20 μm of < ap≤ 30 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed fa
Move to Z-direction coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and feed cutting-in ap, 20 μm of < ap≤ 30 μm, Z axis workbench
2 with reciprocating speed faMove to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1, record roughing stage Grinding Cycle Command frequency n1, wherein L is workpiece 3
Interior hole length, 0≤Δ b1≤ 1/2B, 1/2B≤Δ b2≤ B, B are 4 width of grinding wheel, 100mm/min≤fa≤200mm/min；
S9, judgementIt is whether true, it is to execute step S10, it is no, step S8 is executed, wherein N1=1,2,3 ...,
Specific value is according to the 7 precompressed amount Xa of mill bar in roughing stagep0, cutting-in apAnd machining allowance δ0It determines；
S10, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece 3 is measured using stylus, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D1；
S11, judge machining allowance 0.1mm < δ1=D0+EI-D1Whether≤0.5mm is true, is, executes step S12, no,
Execute step S8；
S12, using semifinishing parameter, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and apply 7 precompressed amount Xa of mill barp0, 1/3Xs < Xap0
≤2/3Xs；
S13, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 feed cutting-in ap, 10 μm of < ap≤ 20 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed fa
In Z-direction coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and feed cutting-in ap, 10 μm of < ap≤ 20 μm, Z axis workbench 2 with
Reciprocating speed faMove to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1, record semifinishing stage Grinding Cycle Command frequency n2；
S14, judgementIt is whether true, it is to execute step S15, it is no, step S13 is executed, wherein N2=1,2,3 ...,
Specific value is according to the 7 precompressed amount Xa of mill bar in semifinishing stagep0, cutting-in apAnd machining allowance δ1It determines；
S15, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece 3 is measured using stylus 10, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D2；
S16, judge machining allowance 0.01mm < δ2=D0+EI-D2Whether≤0.1mm is true, is, executes step S17, no,
Execute step S13；
S17, using finishing parameter, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 apply 7 precompressed amount Xa of mill barp0, 1/4Xs < Xap0≤
1/3Xs；
S18, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 feed cutting-in ap, 2 μm of < ap≤ 10 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed fa
In Z-direction coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and feed cutting-in ap, 2 μm of < ap≤ 10 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is previous
Complex velocity faMove to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1；
S19, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece 3 is measured using stylus 10, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D3；
S20, judge machining allowance δ3=D0+EI-D3Whether≤0.01mm is true, is, executes step S21, no, executes step
Rapid S18；
S21, using final stage machined parameters, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and apply 7 precompressed amount Xa of mill barp0, 0≤Xap0
≤1/4Xs；
S22, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 feed cutting-in ap, 0 < ap≤ 2 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed faIn Z
To coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and feed cutting-in ap, 0 < ap≤ 2 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed
faMove to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1；
S23, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece 3 is measured using stylus 10, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D4；
S24, judge D0+EI≤D4≤D0Whether+ES is true, is, executes step S25, no, executes step S22；
S25, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 are fast moved to X to security bit X0, Z axis workbench 2, which is fast moved to Z-direction, pacifies
Full position Z1, complete grinding.
The specific method and China Patent No. of 4 quick tool setting of grinding wheel are completed in the step S5 using sound emission
Method described in CN201710047333.3 is identical, specifically: corresponding stylus bulb b12 at section is surveyed according to institute's aperture minimum
Coordinate (X in bed coordinate system2,Z2) and stylus bulb b12 and grinding wheel 4 between X the mesh of grinding wheel is determined to, Z-direction relative positional relationship
The coordinate (containing X to, Z-direction safe clearance) of tool setting position is marked, the X-axis workbench 8 and Z axis workbench 2 for controlling lathe keep grinding wheel 4 fast
Speed is moved to target tool setting position, switches to slow movement, and by fluid acoustic emission sensor monitor grinding wheel 4 and workpiece 3 it
Between contact condition, when grinding wheel 4 and workpiece 3 contact, the friction of grinding wheel 4 and workpiece 3 and the removal of 3 material of workpiece generate transient state
Elastic wave, that is, acoustic emission signal detects acoustic emission signal when grinding wheel 4 is contacted with workpiece 3 by fluid acoustic emission sensor, complete
At the accurate to knife of grinding wheel 4 and workpiece 3, and record at this time X of the grinding wheel 4 in lathe coordinate system to the coordinate value (X with Z-direction3,
Z3)。
In addition, in addition, determining that different grinding stage medium plain emery wheels 4 reach the Grinding Cycle Command number of abrasion(wherein, N is maximum integer, and G passes through work according to grinding wheel 4 and 3 material of workpiece to be machined for grinding ratio
Skill test determination, vGrinding wheelFor 4 abrasion loss of grinding wheel, D=Dmin、D1、D2、D3, apCorrespond to the cutting-in in process segment), in grinding wheel 4
It is modified after abrasion, and by 4 trim amount b of grinding wheel compensation to lathe X into feeding coordinate.
Embodiment 1
S1, lathe is opened, workpiece 3 and grinding wheel 4 is separately mounted to Z axis workbench 2, in mill bar 7, confirmation lathe works shape
State and processing program are normal.
S2, control machine Z-axis workbench 2 are fast moved to Z-direction security bit coordinate Z1=Z0- 180, wherein Z0For grinding wheel 4
When right side and 3 left end face contact of workpiece, machine Z-axis raster coordinate value, i.e. Z0For workpiece 3Z directional null.
S3, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 are fast moved to X to security bit coordinate X0, X0For 3 centre of gyration of workpiece and mill bar
When 7 axis are overlapped, lathe X-axis raster coordinate value.
S4, inside diameter measurement: control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and Z axis workbench 2 are mobile, and it is each to measure workpiece 3 using stylus 10
Aperture at section, and record at corresponding aperture X of the stylus bulb b12 in lathe coordinate system to Z-direction coordinate, take institute's gaging hole
Minimum value D in diameterminAnd its coordinate (X of the corresponding position stylus bulb b12 in lathe coordinate system2,Z2)。
S5, grinding wheel are to knife: at 3 aperture smallest cross-sectional of workpiece, according to the opposite position between grinding wheel 4 and stylus bulb b12
Set relationship, using sound emission complete 4 quick tool setting of grinding wheel, and record at this time X of the grinding wheel 4 in lathe coordinate system to Z-direction
Coordinate value (X3,Z3), and control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and Z axis workbench 2 is fast moved to X to security bit X0With Z-direction security bit
Z1。
S6, judge machining allowance δ0=D0+EI-DminWhether > 0.5mm is true, is, executes step S7, no, executes step
S11, wherein D0For 3 nominal pore size of workpiece, EI is the lower deviation in aperture.
S7, starting work spindle motor 15 drive workpiece 3 to rotate to working speed by scroll chuck 13, while starting sand
Main shaft is taken turns to working speed, using roughing parameter, its maximum allowable bending deformation quantity of the embodiment mill bar is 0.7mm, control
Lathe X-axis workbench 8 applies 7 precompressed amount Xa of mill barp0, precompressed amount Xa at this timep0=0.65mm.
S8, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 feed cutting-in ap=30 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed fa=160mm/
Min moves to Z-direction coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and feed cutting-in ap=30 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is previous
Complex velocity fa=160mm/min moves to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1, record roughing stage Grinding Cycle Command frequency n1, wherein L
For hole length in workpiece 3, Δ b1=Δ b2=1/2B, B are 4 width of grinding wheel.
S9, judgementIt is whether true, it is to execute step S10, it is no, step S8 is executed, wherein N1=4.
S10, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece 3 is measured using stylus 10, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D1。
S11, judge machining allowance 0.1mm < δ1=D0+EI-D1Whether≤0.5mm is true, is, executes step S12, no,
Execute step S8.
S12, using semifinishing parameter, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and apply 7 precompressed amount Xa of mill barp0, precompressed amount at this time
Xap0=0.4mm.
S13, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 feed cutting-in ap=20 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed fa=160mm/
Min is in Z-direction coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and feed cutting-in ap=20 μm, the previous complex-velocity of Z axis workbench 2
Spend fa=160mm/min moves to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1, record semifinishing stage Grinding Cycle Command frequency n2。
S14, judgementIt is whether true, it is to execute step S15, it is no, step S13 is executed, wherein N2=2.
S15, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece 3 is measured using stylus 10, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D2。
S16, judge machining allowance 0.01mm < δ2=D0+EI-D2Whether≤0.1mm is true, is, executes step S17, no,
Execute step S13.
S17, using finishing parameter, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 apply 7 precompressed amount Xa of mill barp0, precompressed amount at this time
Xap0=0.2mm.
S18, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 feed cutting-in ap=8 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed fa=160mm/
Min is in Z-direction coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and feed cutting-in ap=8 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed
fa=160mm/min moves to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1。
S19, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece 3 is measured using stylus 10, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D3。
S20, judge machining allowance δ3=D0+EI-D3Whether≤0.01mm is true, is, executes step S21, no, executes step
Rapid S18.
S21, using final stage machined parameters, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and apply 7 precompressed amount Xa of mill barp0, at this time in advance
Pressure amount Xap0=0.15mm.
S22, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 feed cutting-in ap=2 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed fa=160mm/
Min is in Z-direction coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and feed cutting-in ap=2 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed
fa=160mm/min moves to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1。
S23, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece 3 is measured using stylus 10, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D4。
S24, judge D0+EI≤D4≤D0Whether+ES is true, is, executes step S25, no, executes step S22.
S25, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 are fast moved to X to security bit X0, Z axis workbench 2, which is fast moved to Z-direction, pacifies
Full position Z1, complete grinding.
Roughing stage grinding wheel is back and forth groundAfter secondary (wherein, N takes maximum integer), carry out
Crushing；Semifinishing stage grinding wheel is back and forth groundAfter secondary (wherein, N takes maximum integer), into
Row crushing；Finishing stage grinding wheel is back and forth groundAfter secondary (wherein, N takes maximum integer), carry out
Crushing；Last process segment grinding wheel is back and forth groundAfter secondary (wherein, N takes maximum integer), carry out
Crushing, and by each stage crushing amount compensation to lathe X into feeding coordinate.
Embodiment 2
S1, lathe is opened, workpiece 3 and grinding wheel 4 is separately mounted to Z axis workbench 2, in mill bar 7, confirmation lathe works shape
State and processing program are normal.
S2, control machine Z-axis workbench 2 are fast moved to Z-direction security bit coordinate Z1=Z0- 180, wherein Z0For grinding wheel 4
When right side and 3 left end face contact of workpiece, machine Z-axis raster coordinate value, i.e. Z0For workpiece 3Z directional null.
S3, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 are fast moved to X to security bit coordinate X0, X0For 3 centre of gyration of workpiece and mill bar
When 7 axis are overlapped, lathe X-axis raster coordinate value.
S4, inside diameter measurement: control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and Z axis workbench 2 are mobile, and it is each to measure workpiece 3 using stylus 10
Aperture at section, and record at corresponding aperture X of the stylus bulb b12 in lathe coordinate system to Z-direction coordinate, take institute's gaging hole
Minimum value D in diameterminAnd its coordinate (X of the corresponding position stylus bulb b12 in lathe coordinate system2,Z2)。
S5, grinding wheel are to knife: at 3 aperture smallest cross-sectional of workpiece, according to the opposite position between grinding wheel 4 and stylus bulb b12
Set relationship, using sound emission complete 4 quick tool setting of grinding wheel, and record at this time X of the grinding wheel 4 in lathe coordinate system to Z-direction
Coordinate value (X3,Z3), and control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and Z axis workbench 2 is fast moved to X to security bit X0With Z-direction security bit
Z1。
S6, judge machining allowance δ0=D0+EI-DminWhether > 0.5mm is true, is, executes step S7, no, executes step
S11, wherein D0For 3 nominal pore size of workpiece, EI is the lower deviation in aperture.
S7, starting work spindle motor 15 drive workpiece 3 to rotate to working speed by scroll chuck 13, while starting sand
Main shaft is taken turns to working speed, using roughing parameter, its maximum allowable bending deformation quantity of the embodiment mill bar is 0.7mm, control
Lathe X-axis workbench 8 applies 7 precompressed amount Xa of mill barp0, precompressed amount Xa at this timep0=0.5mm.
S8, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 feed cutting-in ap=20 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed fa=160mm/
Min moves to Z-direction coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and feed cutting-in ap=23 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is previous
Complex velocity fa=160mm/min moves to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1, record roughing stage Grinding Cycle Command frequency n1, wherein L
For hole length in workpiece 3, Δ b1=1/5B, Δ b2=B, B are 4 width of grinding wheel.
S9, judgementIt is whether true, it is to execute step S10, it is no, step S8 is executed, wherein N1=6.
S10, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece 3 is measured using stylus 10, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D1。
S11, judge machining allowance 0.1mm < δ1=D0+EI-D1Whether≤0.5mm is true, is, executes step S12, no,
Execute step S8.
S12, using semifinishing parameter, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and apply 7 precompressed amount Xa of mill barp0, precompressed amount at this time
Xap0=0.25mm.
S13, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 feed cutting-in ap=12 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed fa=160mm/
Min is in Z-direction coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and feed cutting-in ap=12 μm, the previous complex-velocity of Z axis workbench 2
Spend fa=160mm/min moves to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1, record semifinishing stage Grinding Cycle Command frequency n2。
S14, judgementIt is whether true, it is to execute step S15, it is no, step S13 is executed, wherein N2=3.
S15, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece 3 is measured using stylus 10, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D2。
S16, judge machining allowance 0.01mm < δ2=D0+EI-D2Whether≤0.1mm is true, is, executes step S17, no,
Execute step S13.
S17, using finishing parameter, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 apply 7 precompressed amount Xa of mill barp0, precompressed amount at this time
Xap0=0.18mm.
S18, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 feed cutting-in ap=4 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed fa=160mm/
Min is in Z-direction coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and feed cutting-in ap=4 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed
fa=160mm/min moves to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1。
S19, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece 3 is measured using stylus 10, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D3。
S20, judge machining allowance δ3=D0+EI-D3Whether≤0.01mm is true, is, executes step S21, no, executes step
Rapid S18.
S21, using final stage machined parameters, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and apply 7 precompressed amount Xa of mill barp0, at this time in advance
Pressure amount Xap0=0.08mm.
S22, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 feed cutting-in ap=1 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed fa=160mm/
Min is in Z-direction coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis workbench 8 and feed cutting-in ap=1 μm, Z axis workbench 2 is with reciprocating speed
fa=160mm/min moves to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1。
S23, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece 3 is measured using stylus 10, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D4。
S24, judge D0+EI≤D4≤D0Whether+ES is true, is, executes step S25, no, executes step S22.
S25, control lathe X-axis workbench 8 are fast moved to X to security bit X0, Z axis workbench 2, which is fast moved to Z-direction, pacifies
Full position Z1, complete grinding.
Roughing stage grinding wheel is back and forth groundAfter secondary (wherein, N takes maximum integer), carry out
Crushing；Semifinishing stage grinding wheel is back and forth groundAfter secondary (wherein, N takes maximum integer), carry out
Crushing；Finishing stage grinding wheel is back and forth groundAfter secondary (wherein, N takes maximum integer), sand is carried out
Wheel finishing；Last process segment grinding wheel is back and forth groundAfter secondary (wherein, N takes maximum integer), sand is carried out
Wheel finishing, and by each stage crushing amount compensation to lathe X into feeding coordinate.
The present invention is not limited to the present embodiment, anyone skilled in the art the invention discloses technology
In range, it is subject to equivalent substitution or change according to the technical scheme of the invention and its inventive conception, is encompassed by guarantor of the invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of big aspect ratio hole measurement is ground integral processing method, which is characterized in that the processing method includes following
Step:
S1, lathe is opened, workpiece and grinding wheel is installed, confirm that lathe working condition and processing program are normal；
S2, control machine Z-axis workbench are fast moved to Z-direction security bit coordinate Z1=Z0- 180, wherein Z0For grinding wheel right side
When with workpiece left end face contact, machine Z-axis raster coordinate value, i.e. Z0For workpiece Z-direction zero point；
S3, control lathe X-axis workbench are fast moved to X to security bit coordinate X0, X0For the workpiece centre of gyration and mill bar axis weight
When conjunction, lathe X-axis raster coordinate value；
S4, inside diameter measurement: control lathe X-axis workbench and Z axis movable workbench use hole at stylus measurement each section of workpiece
Diameter, and record at corresponding aperture X of the stylus bulb in lathe coordinate system to Z-direction coordinate, take minimum value in institute's gaging hole diameter
DminAnd its coordinate (X of the corresponding position stylus bulb in lathe coordinate system2,Z2)；
S5, grinding wheel are to knife: at the smallest cross-sectional of workpiece aperture, according to the relative positional relationship between grinding wheel and stylus bulb, benefit
Complete grinding wheel quick tool setting with sound emission, and record at this time X of the grinding wheel in lathe coordinate system to the coordinate value (X with Z-direction3,
Z3), and control lathe X-axis workbench and Z axis workbench is fast moved to X to security bit X0With Z-direction security bit Z1；
S6, judge machining allowance δ0=D0+EI-DminWhether > 0.5mm is true, is, executes step S7, no, executes step S11,
Wherein D0For workpiece nominal pore size, EI is the lower deviation in aperture；
S7, starting work spindle motor start grinding wheel spindle extremely by scroll chuck drive workpiece rotation to working speed
Working speed, using roughing parameter, Xs as described below is the maximum flexibility amount allowed when mill bar is used safely, controls machine
It is Xa that bed X-axis workbench, which applies mill bar precompressed amount,p0, 2/3Xs < Xap0≤Xs；
S8, control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 20 μm of < ap≤ 30 μm, Z axis workbench is with reciprocating speed faMove to Z
To coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 20 μm of < ap≤ 30 μm, the previous complex-velocity of Z axis workbench
Spend faMove to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1, record roughing stage Grinding Cycle Command frequency n1, wherein L be inner hole of workpiece length, 0
≤Δb1≤ 1/2B, 1/2B≤Δ b2≤ B, B are grinding wheel width, 100mm/min≤fa≤200mm/min；
S9、It is to execute step S10, it is no, step S8 is executed, wherein N1=1,2,3 ..., specifically
Value is according to the mill bar precompressed amount Xa in roughing stagep0, cutting-in apAnd machining allowance δ0It determines；
S10, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece is measured using stylus, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D1；
S11, judge machining allowance 0.1mm < δ1=D0+EI-D1Whether≤0.5mm is true, is, executes step S12, no, executes
Step S8；
S12, using semifinishing parameter, control lathe X-axis workbench and apply mill bar precompressed amount Xap0, 1/3Xs < Xap0≤2/
3Xs；
S13, control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 10 μm of < ap≤ 20 μm, Z axis workbench is with reciprocating speed faIn Z-direction
Coordinate Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 10 μm of < ap≤ 20 μm, Z axis workbench is with reciprocating speed
faMove to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1, record semifinishing stage Grinding Cycle Command frequency n2；
S14, judgementIt is to execute step S15, it is no, step S13 is executed, wherein N2=1,2,3 ..., specifically
Value is according to the mill bar precompressed amount Xa in semifinishing stagep0, cutting-in apAnd machining allowance δ1It determines；
S15, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece is measured using stylus, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D2；
S16, judge machining allowance 0.01mm < δ2=D0+EI-D2Whether≤0.1mm is true, is, executes step S17, no, executes
Step S13；
S17, using finishing parameter, control lathe X-axis workbench apply mill bar precompressed amount Xap0, 1/4Xs < Xap0≤1/3Xs；
S18, control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 2 μm of < ap≤ 10 μm, Z axis workbench is with reciprocating speed faIt is sat in Z-direction
Mark Z0+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 2 μm of < ap≤ 10 μm, Z axis workbench is with reciprocating speed faFortune
It moves to Z-direction coordinate Z0+L+Δb1；
S19, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece is measured using stylus, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D3；
S20, judge machining allowance δ3=D0+EI-D3Whether≤0.01mm is true, is, executes step S21, no, executes step
S18；
S21, using final stage machined parameters, control lathe X-axis workbench and apply mill bar precompressed amount Xap0, 0≤Xap0≤1/
4Xs；
S22, control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 0 < ap≤ 2 μm, Z axis workbench is with reciprocating speed faIn Z-direction coordinate Z0
+Δb2, then control lathe X-axis table feed cutting-in ap, 0 < ap≤ 2 μm, Z axis workbench is with reciprocating speed faMove to Z
To coordinate Z0+L+Δb1；
S23, each cross-sectional aperture of workpiece is measured using stylus, minimum-value aperture will be measured and be denoted as D4；
S24, judge D0+EI≤D4≤D0Whether+ES is true, is, executes step S25, no, executes step S22；
S25, control lathe X-axis workbench are fast moved to X to security bit X0, Z axis workbench fast moves to Z-direction security bit Z1,
Complete grinding.
2. a kind of big aspect ratio hole measurement according to claim 1 is ground integral processing method, which is characterized in that determine
Different grinding stage medium plain emery wheels reach the Grinding Cycle Command number of abrasionWherein, N is maximum whole
Number, G are that grinding ratio is determined according to grinding wheel and workpiece to be machined material by engineer testing, vGrinding wheelFor abrasion of grinding wheel amount, D=Dmin、
D1、D2、D3, apCorrespond to the cutting-in in process segment；It is modified after abrasion of grinding wheel, and crushing amount b is compensated
To lathe X into feeding coordinate.
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