CN110253418A - A kind of precision and ultra-precision machining method for form grinding - Google Patents
A kind of precision and ultra-precision machining method for form grinding Download PDFInfo
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- CN110253418A CN110253418A CN201910224806.1A CN201910224806A CN110253418A CN 110253418 A CN110253418 A CN 110253418A CN 201910224806 A CN201910224806 A CN 201910224806A CN 110253418 A CN110253418 A CN 110253418A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B35/00—Machines or devices designed for superfinishing surfaces on work, i.e. by means of abrading blocks reciprocating with high frequency
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of precision and ultra-precision machining methods for form grinding, and the method achieve " precisely progressive " grinding technique modes of the correction of the flank shape in place of metal bonded wheel, finishing in place, electrolytic in-process dressing and on-line checking.The feature of its method: in place to realize the molding of graphite wheel precision turning；Deionized water does medium, realizes that abrasive wheel electric spark precision forms correction of the flank shape；By diamond roller opposite grinding dressing method, realizes that grinding wheel is modified in place, remove hard layer；Electrolytic in-process dressing realizes that grinding wheel remains good sharpness in grinding removal process；On-line checking realizes processing parts size precision detection；According to the progressive magnitude between grinding wheel graininess, concentration and different processes, " precisely progressive " precise forming grinding is realized.Present method solves the offline correction of the flank shape of traditional processing, finishing, dressing, detection and machined surface quality is poor, processing quality consistency difficulty or ease guarantee problems, it can be achieved that accurate ultra form grinding is processed under mass production environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of form grinding precision and ultra-precision machining methods, belong to accurate ultra field of machining.
Background technique
Shaping grinding apparatus in traditional processing can all accumulate processing and installation in lengthy and jumbled various, the every procedure of process process
Error, additionally due to grinding tool own dimensions variation greatly, loss seriously etc. critical defects, cause processing efficiency is low, surface quality is poor,
Processing quality consistency is difficult to ensure.Surface quality and processing quality consistency will have a direct impact on the performance of part and use the longevity
Life.Metal bonded wheel has many advantages, such as that hardness is high, grinding ratio is big, shape retention is good, not easy to wear.
At present tradition dressing method it is modified processing it is more difficult, most metals binding agent sand wheel correction of the flank shape using electric spark into
The offline correction of the flank shape processing of row, be easy to cause secondary clamping error.Furthermore the wheel face after electric spark correction of the flank shape is there are one layer of hard layer,
Before carrying out form grinding processing, needs to carry out it idler wheel finishing this layer of hard layer of removal, obtain metal bonded wheel
Finishing.Electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) metal bonded wheel technology is to carry out grinding wheel by electrolysis in grinding process
Dressing of the grinding wheel in grinding process, this process good, dressing mistake with grinding wheel shape precision stability are realized in the micro removal in surface
The advantage that journey is online, loss is small.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention organically combines correction of the flank shape, finishing, dressing, detection, invents one kind and repairs in place
Shape, finishing in place, online dressing, on-line checking molding precision and ultra-precision machining method.According to grinding wheel concentration, granularity, process
Between progressive magnitude realize " precisely progressive " precise forming grinding.It solves the offline correction of the flank shape of traditional processing, modifies, repairs
Sharp, detection and machined surface quality is poor, processing quality consistency difficulty or ease guarantee problem are, it can be achieved that precision under mass production environment
The processing of ultraprecise form grinding.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of precision and ultra-precision machining method for form grinding, the realization process of this method are as follows.
S1 cutter in place walks the precision turning that displacement curve carries out graphite wheel or copper wheel, acquisition and forming metal by numerical control
Binding agent sand wheel profile requires the matched working electrode of institute；
S2 makes the working media of metallic bond forming grinding wheel electric spark correction of the flank shape of deionized water, passes through Serve Motor Control
The gap of the molding stone mill wheel or copper wheel and metal bonded wheel that process adjusts electric spark corona discharge parameter, carries out electricity
Spark forming removal processing, obtains the precise forming correction of the flank shape in place of metal bonded wheel；
S3 carries out opposite grinding, removal to metal bonded wheel after electric spark precision correction of the flank shape in place by molding diamond roller
Wheel face is due to the remaining hard layer of electrical discharge machining.
S4 realizes the electrolytic in-process dressing of metal bonded wheel, is being ground grinding wheel by ELID grinding process system
Good sharpness is remained in removal process；
S5 " is precisely passed according to the progressive magnitude between the various concentration of grinding wheel, granularity and the amount of feeding and process, progress
Into " precise forming grinding.
Finished product after S6 " precisely progressive " precise forming grinding is detected in place, the size essence of detection processing part
It spends to verify the qualification of converted products.
The precision and ultra-precision machining method of form grinding realizes that metal bonded wheel practices Buddhism or Taoism in place, modifies in place, is online
Dressing and on-line checking.Correction of the flank shape in place is to be displaced the shaping work electrode and metallic bond that turning obtains by numerical control curve
Grinding wheel obtains after carrying out electric spark precision removal processing, and medium is deionized water.Finishing in place is by diamond roller and gold
Belong to binding agent sand wheel and carry out opposite grinding, realizes the finishing of putting the first edge on a knife or a pair of scissors of metal bonded wheel.Dressing in place is by ELID grinding process
System regulates and controls ELID Special pulse power parameter, realizes the electrolytic in-process dressing to grinding wheel.On-line checking is visited by contact
Needle is directly contacted with workpiece surface, carries out the on-line measurement of dimensional accuracy.
The precision and ultra-precision machining method of form grinding realizes " precisely progressive " precise forming grinding.It is precisely progressive
It is by control grinding wheel graininess, accurate of concentration and the machining allowance and precision of material removal amount and theory of corresponding process segment
Match, after comprehensively considering according to the amount of feeding of grinding wheel graininess, the rate of wear of abrasive grain and lathe, determines the accurately amount of feeding, realize
Progressive magnitude between the removal amount and process and process of in-process is precisely constant.
Advantages of the present invention and effect are:
May be implemented graphite wheel (copper wheel) precise forming in place, metallic anchoring agent abrasive wheel electric spark precision correction of the flank shape in place,
The effect of ELID electrolytic in-process dressing and processing finished product carry out size essence online in position diamond roller precise dressing, grinding process
The detection of degree.It solves the excessive error problem of traditional processing grinding tool secondary clamping accumulation and the variation of grinding tool own dimensions is repaired greatly, offline
Shape, finishing, can not dressing etc. cause that grinding temperature is high, processing efficiency is low, machining accuracy is poor, processing quality consistency is difficult to ensure
Problem." precisely progressive " form grinding processing is carried out on the basis of above-mentioned technology guarantees, height may be implemented in adopting said method
The accurate ultra form grinding processing of precision, high efficiency, high-quality and high-quality consistency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of precision and ultra-precision machining method and process flow diagram for form grinding.
Fig. 2 is a kind of molding precision and ultra-precision machining method system schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is ELID accurate grinding " precisely progressive " grinding removal experimental principle figure.
Fig. 4 is 10 manganese steel " precisely progressive " grinding detection Ra result tendency chart.
Fig. 5 is 10 manganese steel " precisely progressive " grinding detection hardness result tendency chart.
Fig. 6 is 10 manganese steel " precisely progressive " grinding detection stress result tendency chart.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, this is illustrated below with reference to specific example
The superiority and technical characteristic that processing method is compared with the traditional processing method；
Its process flow diagram walks displacement curve to work using numerical control as shown in Figure 1, according to form grinding processing request
Make electrode (graphite wheel or copper wheel) and carries out precision turning to obtain the working electrode of processing and forming.Numerically-controlled precise lathe tool and electrical fire
Flower working electrode, diamond roller system are installed on the workbench, and are driven ball-screw rotation by servo motor, are driven slide plate
It is slided along linear rolling track, X, Y of graphite wheel (copper wheel), diamond roller and accurate lathe tool can be realized with cross guide rail
To feed motion.
1) metal bonded wheel uses high-speed electric main shaft, and revolving speed is up to 30000r/min, main shaft run-out and axis
To play≤1um, while grinder wheel on-line dynamic balancing system is configured, grinding wheel caused by can eliminating at any time because of imbalance shakes
Dynamic, grinding carriage can be improved the rigidity, machining accuracy and processing stability of lathe, make the master of grinding machine with respect to amplitude≤1um of lathe
Axis service life, wheel life extend, and grinding wheel modular system is fixed on the table.
2) after graphite wheel (copper wheel) is practiced Buddhism or Taoism with accurate lathe tool, the rotation of graphite wheel is driven using direct current generator, and graphite wheel passes through
Brush connects with direct current pulse power source cathode, and graphite wheel and metal bonded wheel form spark discharge system of processing, uses
Deionized water is as discharge medium, to realize to the correction of the flank shape in place of the electric spark precision of metal bonded wheel.
3) there are one layer of hard layers for the grinding wheel after accurate correction of the flank shape, control diamond roller shifting by adjusting DC servo motor
It is dynamic, the finishing of diamond roller opposite grinding is carried out to the grinding wheel of electric spark precision correction of the flank shape, achievees the purpose that modify removal hard layer in place,
The good grinding wheel of diamond roller trimming can carry out grinding removal.
4) after metal bonded wheel carries out precision truing in place, good grinding wheel circularity and cylindricity be can get.It can be into
Row grinding, grinding module be equipped with ELID grinding process system, the system have grinding wheel shape precision stability it is good,
The feature that dressing process is online, loss is small can remain that the abrasive grain sharpness of grinding wheel is stablized in grinding removal process
Constant removal.The module can be equipped with dedicated grinding fluid, special grinding wheel and ELID grinding power supply, in addition, the module can have
Online current detecting system automatically controls the spacing between electrode and grinding wheel by size of current between detecting electrode and grinding wheel,
The closed-loop control of complete paired electrode and grinding wheel distance, thus controllable ELID grinding parameter.
5) the high-precision sample that " precisely progressive " grinding processing method post-processing comes out described in using may be implemented to examine online
It surveys, in time the qualification rate under detection processing exemplar dimensional accuracy and mass production environment
The precision and ultra-precision machining method of the form grinding may be implemented the correction of the flank shape in place of metal bonded wheel and repair
It is whole, solve the problems, such as traditional grinding tool secondary clamping error, it can be achieved that clamped one time, the circularity and cylindricity of grinding wheel are available very
Big improvement.Furthermore this method has grinding wheel electrolytic in-process dressing effect in grinding process, which has mature
Process system and patent protection, details are not described herein again.
The precision and ultra-precision machining method of the form grinding, can be effective by correction of the flank shape in place, finishing and online dressing
" precisely progressive " precise forming grinding may be implemented in the error for reducing entire process system.Precisely progressive is to pass through control
The accurate matching of grinding wheel graininess, concentration and the machining allowance and precision of material removal amount and theory of corresponding process segment, according to sand
After the amount of feeding of wheel granularity, the rate of wear of abrasive grain and lathe comprehensively considers, determines the accurately amount of feeding, realize going for in-process
Except amount is precisely constant.
Example 1: bearing outer ring interior rollaway nest form grinding processing instance
(1) technical background
The processing technology that traditional bearing outer ring interior rollaway nest uses is to use microstone super-precision grinding after formed grinding wheel is ground
Mill, although oilstone precision lapping process is remarkably improved workpiece machining surface quality and precision, still there are processing efficiency and
The problems such as surface quality is low, burn, crackle, poor raceway dimensional uniformity.In large and medium-sized raceway skin processing, due to adding
Work area is big, and initial surface roughness is high, and machining allowance is big, causes mold blocking even more serious.Raceway surface is improved to add
Work precision and processing quality, innovative development go out novel bearing outer ring interior rollaway nest processing technology be it is urgent, the present invention is can
The molding accurate/ultra-accurate grinding method of correction of the flank shape in place, finishing and online dressing and on-line checking is applied to raceway
Grinding substitutes traditional raceway grinding and grinding process, reduce installation error caused by multiple clamping grinding tool and and
Solve the difficulty that grinding tool change in size itself is big, easy to wear, blocking causes machining accuracy low and processing quality consistency difficulty or ease guarantee
Topic, to improving, the domestic high-performance in China, high-precision, high reliability bearing is of great significance and application value for this.
(2) implementation method
The form grinding precision and ultra-precision machining method can be used marble material and do experiment porch, marble lathe bed tool
Have that precision is high, linear expansion coefficient is small, non-corrosive, easily protects acid and alkali-resistance, the features such as hardness is high, wear-resisting, antimagnetic.So that marble lathe bed
Quality rigidity ratio be much higher than cast iron lathe bed.The form grinding precision and ultra-precision machining method includes that following system is as shown in Figure 2:
Metal bonded wheel main shaft own rotation system, precision turning mobile system, graphite wheel (copper wheel) movement and rotation system, gold
The movement of hard rock idler wheel and rotation system, electric spark special power-supply system, ELID grinding process system, clamping workpiece position itself
Rotation system, totally seven big systems are as shown in Fig. 2, seven big systems cooperate to realize the precision and ultra-precision machining of workpiece.
It is as shown in Figure 2: to pass through digital controlled precision turning kinematic system (1) and graphite wheel (copper wheel) itself rotary motion system
(2), it is obtained and outer ring interior rollaway nest shape according to the precision turning that the molding curve deformation trace of interior rollaway nest carries out graphite wheel (copper wheel)
Graphite wheel (copper wheel) shape that shape equally requires.By the guide rail of graphite wheel (copper wheel), it is moved to and metal bonded wheel master
Axis rotation system (6) makes their axis horizontal, and metal bonded wheel is required parallel grinding wheel at this time, and two wheels connect
Nearly tangency location simultaneously retains certain interval, controls electrical discharge machining gap between 0.4-1mm by DC servo motor, two-wheeled
Between spray deionized water, by control electric spark special power-supply system, adjust power parameter, pass through metal bonded wheel
The rotation of main axis and graphite wheel (copper wheel) is fed, and is carried out the processing of electric spark ablation, is realized the in place of metal bonded wheel
Accurate correction of the flank shape.Metal bonded wheel surface can have certain thickness hard layer after the completion of accurate correction of the flank shape, and grinding wheel does not have at this time
There is grinding capacity, need to carry out the removal of hard layer, is realized and accurate repair by diamond roller movement and rotation system (4)
Metal bonded wheel opposite grinding in place finishing after shape, realizes the removal of hard layer, metal bonded wheel has good at this time
Cutting power.The clamping and metal knot of own rotation system (7) Lai Shixian bearing ring interior rollaway nest are positioned by clamping workpiece
Mixture grinding wheel spindle rotation system carries out grinding removal processing to knife.In grinding removal process, pass through ELID technique system
The electrolytic in-process dressing of system (5) Lai Shixian metal bonded wheel, remains the good cutting of grinding wheel.
When carrying out the grinding removal processing of bearing outer ring interior rollaway nest, the grinding wheel graininess according to metallic bond, concentration are needed
And the progressive magnitude of feeding removes come the accurate progressive grinding realized between process and process.Different grain size is selected for different phase
Coarseness grinding wheel can be selected and carry out large inflow grinding removal, there are machining allowance at this time in roughing with the grinding wheel of concentration
Can be larger, last finishing stage, can small amount of feeding high-speed grinding removal, realize " precisely progressive " grinding removal processing.?
When adopting said method carries out grinding removal process, the progressive relationship between every procedure and process, curing process are fixed
Process realizes the accurate progressive form grinding of bearing inner race.
The method for grinding makespan carries out mobile control in place by servo motor and ball-screw guide rail, primary to fill
Folder, positioning accuracy can realize angle closed-loop control by being equipped with German Heidenhain precision Circular gratings.The method may be implemented
In place precision turning molding, electric spark precision correction of the flank shape in place, diamond roller precise dressing in place, electrolytic in-process dressing and
Line detection.
The inventive method can realize efficient, high-precision, high-quality, the form grinding accurate ultra of high consistency adds
Work, the high-end, high-precision for solving the problems, such as that state's inner bearing currently encounters, high added value bearing are difficult to independently produce in batches.
Example 2: " precisely progressive " grinding minimizing technology processing bearing manganese steel guarantees that the optimal control of processing quality consistency is real
It tests
(1) experiment condition:
According to ELID Principle of Grinding and Cutting and cutting mechanisms and " precisely progressive " processing method, with 10 bearing manganese steel exemplars into
The control optimization experiment of row " precisely progressive " plane machining quality consistency.
(2) experimental method
If Fig. 3 ELID is ground shown in removal principle, the ELID of 10 bearing manganese steel exemplars is carried out on the basis of existence conditions
Manganese steel exemplar is placed on horizontal experimental bench by grinding experiment, and according to the experience in laboratory, taking grinding wheel speed is 2500r/min, into
Amount 5m/min is given, multiplying power 50%, decomposition voltage 60V, electrolysis gap is 0.4-1mm, selects w10 granularity iron-binding agent grinding wheel
Grinding removal processing is carried out, is examined after once carrying out grinding removal processing according to " precisely progressive " minimizing technology described above
It surveys, surface roughness, surface stress, hardness are that experimental index is detected, and survey five times and are averaged its result such as the following table 1 and figure
4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6.
(3) laboratory test results
1 10 manganese steel grinding experiment testing result data of table
(4) analysis of experimental results
Experiment numbers 1,2,3 are to carry out groping experiment to bearing manganese steel to seek, find out Ra80nm, surface stress be-
Technological parameter when 992.5MPa, hardness are 58HRc carries out " precisely progressive " grinding removal experiment, rear seven groups of experiments Ra average value
It is 77, surface stress average value -1011.5, hardness is 58HRc curvilinear motion such as Fig. 5, Fig. 6, and rear seven groups of experimental datas variation becomes
Gesture is gentle, stablizes, illustrate using after " precisely progressive " exemplar machining accuracy and quality consistency can control in a certain range, be somebody's turn to do
" precisely progressive " grinding processing method has very high feasibility and superiority in flat surface grinding workpiece, can effectively improve and adds
Work precision and processing quality, and it is able to solve processing quality consistency problem.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of precision and ultra-precision machining method for form grinding, which is characterized in that the realization process of this method is as follows:
S1 cutter in place walks the precision turning that displacement curve carries out graphite wheel or copper wheel by numerical control, obtains in conjunction with forming metal
Agent grinding wheel profile requires the matched working electrode of institute；
S2 makes the working media of metallic bond forming grinding wheel electric spark correction of the flank shape of deionized water, is processed by Serve Motor Control
The gap of good molding stone mill wheel or copper wheel and metal bonded wheel, adjusts electric spark corona discharge parameter, carries out electric spark
Molding removal processing, obtains the precise forming correction of the flank shape in place of metal bonded wheel；
S3 carries out opposite grinding to metal bonded wheel after electric spark precision correction of the flank shape in place by molding diamond roller, removes grinding wheel
Surface is due to the remaining hard layer of electrical discharge machining；
S4 realizes the electrolytic in-process dressing of metal bonded wheel by ELID grinding process system, removes grinding wheel in grinding
Sharpness is remained in the process；
S5 carries out " precisely progressive " essence according to the progressive magnitude between the various concentration of grinding wheel, granularity and the amount of feeding and process
Close form grinding processing；
Finished product after S6 " precisely progressive " precise forming grinding is detected in place, and the dimensional accuracy of detection processing part is come
Verify the qualification of converted products.
2. a kind of precision and ultra-precision machining method for form grinding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that we
Method can be realized metal bonded wheel practice Buddhism or Taoism in place, finishing, online dressing and on-line checking in place；Correction of the flank shape in place is to pass through
The shaping work electrode and metal bonded wheel that numerical control curve displacement turning obtains obtain after carrying out electric spark precision removal processing
, medium is deionized water；Finishing in place is to carry out opposite grinding by diamond roller and metal bonded wheel, realizes metal knot
The finishing of putting the first edge on a knife or a pair of scissors of mixture grinding wheel；Dressing in place is to regulate and control ELID Special pulse power parameter by ELID grinding process system, real
Now to the electrolytic in-process dressing of grinding wheel；On-line checking is directly to be contacted by contact type probe with workpiece surface, carries out size essence
The on-line measurement of degree.
3. a kind of precision and ultra-precision machining method for form grinding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that we
Method can be realized " precisely progressive " precise forming grinding；Precisely progressive gone by control grinding wheel graininess, concentration and material
Except the accurate matching for the machining allowance and precision for measuring and corresponding to process segment theory, according to the rate of wear of grinding wheel graininess, abrasive grain
After comprehensively considering with the amount of feeding of lathe, determines the accurately amount of feeding, realize between the removal amount of in-process and process and process
Progressive magnitude is precisely constant.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN110682224A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-01-14 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Automatic processing method and device for electroplated grinding wheel coating |
| CN111515482A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-08-11 | 北京工业大学 | Metal-based grinding wheel precision forming and shaping method |
| CN111531411A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-08-14 | 北京工业大学 | Precision processing method for aluminum-based diamond composite material |
| CN112917340A (en) * | 2021-01-16 | 2021-06-08 | 北京工业大学 | Bearing raceway accurate progressive precision forming grinding machine tool based on ELID grinding |
| CN113910052A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-11 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Integrated device and method for in-situ repair and monitoring of fused quartz optical element in whole process |
| CN115284135A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-11-04 | 华能山东发电有限公司烟台发电厂 | Device for accurately polishing contact surface between carbon brush of generator and collecting ring |
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| CN113910052A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-11 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Integrated device and method for in-situ repair and monitoring of fused quartz optical element in whole process |
| CN115284135A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-11-04 | 华能山东发电有限公司烟台发电厂 | Device for accurately polishing contact surface between carbon brush of generator and collecting ring |
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