CN110313305B

CN110313305B - Device suitable for sesame combine harvesting

Info

Publication number: CN110313305B
Application number: CN201910541664.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张秀荣; 黎冬华; 何平; 张彪; 周兰华; 游均; 何朴; 王林海; 罗颖; 张艳欣; 刘芳; 周瑢; 黄开意; 刘应龙
Original assignee: Ezhou Agricultural Commission; Professional Cooperatives For Agricultural Machinery And Agriculture In Huarong District Of Ezhou City; Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences
Current assignee: Ezhou Agricultural Commission; Professional Cooperatives For Agricultural Machinery And Agriculture In Huarong District Of Ezhou City; Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences
Priority date: 2019-06-21
Filing date: 2019-06-21
Publication date: 2020-08-14
Anticipated expiration: 2039-06-21
Also published as: CN110313305A

Abstract

The invention discloses a device suitable for sesame combined harvesting, which comprises a harvester, a header, a coiling device, a supporting device and a collecting curtain, wherein the header is arranged on the front surface of the harvester, the header is hopper-shaped and is internally provided with a collecting cavity, the coiling device is arranged in the collecting cavity, the supporting device is arranged above the header, and the collecting curtain is wound on the supporting device and has an opening direction pointing to one side far away from the harvester; the rolling device is positioned right above the header, the projection of one side of the rolling device, which is far away from the harvester, in the horizontal direction is 60-150mm more ahead than that of one side of the header, which is far away from the harvester, and the distance between the rolling device and the ground is 2m at most and 0.4m at least; the height of the supporting device is not less than two meters; the collecting curtain comprises a curtain cloth, a plurality of through holes and a plurality of filter screens; solves the technical problems that the cracked seeds of the sesame capsules fall off and the loss rate of mechanically harvested sesame is high in the prior art.

Description

Device suitable for sesame combine harvesting

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of sesame harvesters, in particular to a device suitable for sesame combined harvesting.

Background

Sesame is one of the traditional special main oil crops in China, mature sesame capsules are prone to cracking and falling off, sesame seeds are small and light, straws are fragile and easy to break, in the process of harvesting sesame by using the existing harvester, after a reel touches a mature and dry sesame plant, the seeds are prone to falling off from the capsules, so that the sesame falling into the header is small in quantity and high in loss rate, for harvesting machinery, the loss rate is one of important indexes for judging the quality of one harvester, manual harvesting cannot be replaced by machinery, and the problem of high loss rate of harvested sesame cannot be solved by any harvester in the market at present.

To this semi-automatization sesame harvester that chinese patent CN107980335A provided, this sesame harvester simple structure, the operation is convenient, can replace the manual work to carry out reaping of sesame pole, has not only reduced work intensity of labour, simultaneously, has also improved the sesame and has reaped efficiency, but when the device driving lever device group and cutting device contacted with the sesame plant, the sesame capsule received vibrations, and sesame seed grain fracture leads to falling into the sesame on the conveyor few, and the loss rate is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the technical defects, provides a device suitable for sesame combined harvesting, and solves the technical problems that sesame capsule cracking seeds drop and sesame loss rate is high in mechanical harvesting in the prior art.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention provides a device suitable for sesame combine harvesting, which comprises a harvester, a header, a rolling device, a supporting device and a collecting curtain, wherein the header is arranged on the front surface of the harvester, the header is in a bucket shape, a collecting cavity is arranged in the header, the rolling device is arranged in the collecting cavity, the supporting device is arranged above the header, and the collecting curtain is wound on the supporting device, and the opening direction of the collecting curtain points to one side far away from the harvester; the rolling device is positioned right above the header, the projection of one side of the rolling device, which is far away from the harvester, in the horizontal direction is 60-150mm more ahead than that of one side of the header, which is far away from the harvester, and the distance between the rolling device and the ground is 2m at most and 0.4m at least; the height of the supporting device is not less than two meters; the collecting curtain comprises a curtain cloth, a plurality of through holes and a plurality of filter screens, the curtain cloth is C-shaped and wound on the supporting device, the opening direction of the curtain cloth points to one side of the harvester far away, and the filter screens are arranged on the through holes formed in the curtain cloth.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: through many times of experiments, to the height of reel and for the centre of rotation's of header injectment, can effectual reduction reap the loss rate of sesame, and through the strutting arrangement who sets up and collect the curtain, can hang the curtain on strutting arrangement, thereby the increase reaps the area of contact of in-process and the sesame seed grain of fracture, thereby make more sesame seed grains fall into in the header, the loss rate has been reduced, whole strutting arrangement is adjustable, conveniently collect the curtain under the condition that does not influence the operation, the parcel strutting arrangement of maximum area.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the header structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the support device of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the material rolling device of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The invention provides a device suitable for sesame combined harvesting, which comprises a harvester 100, a header 200, a material rolling device 300, a supporting device 400 and a collecting curtain 500, wherein the header 200 is arranged on the front surface of the harvester 100, the header 200 is hopper-shaped, a collecting cavity is formed in the header 200, the material rolling device 300 is arranged in the collecting cavity, the supporting device 400 is arranged above the header 200, and the collecting curtain 500 is wound on the supporting device 400, and the opening direction of the collecting curtain is far away from one side of the harvester 100.

The header 200 includes a bottom plate 210, two side plates 220 and a plurality of cutters 230, the bottom plate 210 is located on one side of the harvester 100, the two side plates 220 are arranged on two sides of the bottom plate 210 in parallel, the cutters 230 are located on one side of the bottom plate 210 far away from the harvester 100, the bottom plate 210 is a horizontal plate and is used for collecting sesame falling onto the horizontal plate, the side plates 220 can prevent the sesame from splashing towards two sides, and the cutters 230 can cut the bottom of the sesame.

The material rolling device 300 comprises a driving device 310, a reel 320 and two eccentric devices 330, the driving device 310 is arranged on the header 200, the reel 320 is arranged in the collection cavity, one opposite sides of the two eccentric devices 330 are connected with the reel 320, the opposite sides of the two eccentric devices 330 are connected with the driving device 310, the material rolling device 300 is positioned right above the header 200, the projection of the horizontal direction of one side of the material rolling device 300, which is far away from the harvester 100, is 60-150mm ahead of one side of the header 200, which is far away from the harvester 100, because sesame seeds are light, the arrangement of the material rolling device 300 can ensure that the sesame seeds fall into the header 200 in the largest quantity, the loss rate can be minimized, the distance between the material rolling device 300 and the ground is 2m at most and 0.4m at least, because the sesame plant is tall and big, the sesame plant height in most areas is about 1.7 meters, need this a high setting can guarantee that coiling material device 300 furthest makes the sesame be drawn into wherein.

The driving device 310 provides power for the rotation of the whole reel 320, the driving device 310 includes a motor 31a, two rotating shafts 31b and two bearings 31c, the motor 31a is disposed on the header 200, one opposite sides of the two rotating shafts 31b are connected with the eccentric device 330, one opposite side of the two rotating shafts 31b passes through the header 200, one rotating shaft 31b is connected with an output shaft of the motor 31a, the two bearings 31c are disposed on the header 200 and slidably connected with the rotating shafts 31b, the motor 31a provides power, and the matching of the rotating shafts 31b and the bearings 31c enables the motor 31a to drive the reel 320 to rotate relative to the header 200.

The reel 320 includes a fixed shaft 32a, a plurality of connecting rods 32b, a plurality of elastic teeth 32c and two disks 32d, the fixed shaft 32a is disposed in the collecting cavity, the plurality of connecting rods 32b are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the fixed shaft 32a, the plurality of elastic teeth 32c are uniformly arranged along the tangential direction of the rotation of the connecting rods 32b and are disposed on the connecting rods 32b, the two disks 32d are parallel to each other and are coaxially disposed with the fixed shaft 32a, and one opposite sides of the two disks 32d are connected with the fixed shaft 32a and the connecting rods 32 b.

The two eccentric devices 330 are arranged on the opposite sides of the circular disc 32d, the eccentric devices 330 can enable the elastic teeth 32c to engage sesame plants to enable the sesame plants to have an inward eccentric force, so that the plants can fall into the cutting table 200 completely, each eccentric device 330 comprises an eccentric disc 33a and an eccentric shaft 33b, the eccentric discs 33a are coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft 31b, the opposite sides of the eccentric shafts 33b are eccentrically arranged on the eccentric discs 33a, and the opposite sides of the eccentric shafts 33b are concentrically arranged on the circular disc 32 d.

The height of the supporting device 400 is not less than two meters, the whole supporting device 400 can not block the operating visual field of the harvester 100, the supporting device 400 comprises two front supporting rods 410, two rear supporting rods 420, three sliding rods 440 and a plurality of clamps 450, the two front supporting rods 410 are vertically arranged on the header 200, the two rear supporting rods 420 are vertically arranged on the header 200, the three sliding rods 440 are respectively in sliding connection with sliding grooves 430 formed on the front supporting rods 410 and the rear supporting rods 420, the plurality of clamps 450 are clamped on a curtain cloth 510 wound on the supporting rods, and the two front supporting rods 410 and the two rear supporting rods 420 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the sliding rods 440.

The collecting curtain 500 can prevent sesame capsules from cracking and not falling into the header 200, so that the loss rate of harvesting sesame is high, the collecting curtain 500 comprises a curtain cloth 510, a plurality of through holes 520 and a plurality of filter screens 530, the curtain cloth 510 is wound on the supporting device 400 in a C shape, the opening direction of the curtain cloth points to the side far away from the harvester 100, the filter screens 530 are arranged on the through holes 520 formed in the curtain cloth 510, the inner side of the curtain cloth 510 is wrapped on the front supporting rod 410, the rear supporting rod 420 and the sliding rod 440 and is clamped through the clamp 450, the curtain cloth 510 can move along with the movement of the sliding rod 440, the aperture of the filter screens 530 is smaller than the diameter of sesame seeds, when the harvester 100 moves, air passing through the through holes 520 in the curtain cloth 510 can drive the surrounding sesame seeds to impact on the filter screens 530 and finally fall into the header 200.

The working process is as follows: according to the characteristics of tall sesame plants and easy cracking of capsule seeds, firstly, the projection of the reel 320 far away from the harvester 100 side in the horizontal direction is advanced by 60-150mm compared with the projection of the header 200 far away from the harvester 100 side, because the reel 320 is contacted with the sesame plants in the harvesting process, so that the capsule seeds can crack and vertically fall off, just fall into the header 200 at the advancing speed of the harvester 100, and the distance between the reel 320 and the ground is 2m at most and 0.4m at least, at this time, the reel 320 can meet the harvesting height requirement of the sesame plants in most areas, after the reel 320 is adjusted, the collecting curtain 500 is hung on the supporting device 400 as shown in figure 2, because the sliding rod 440 can move up and down, the height of the sliding rod 440 can be adjusted, the collecting curtain 500 is hung on the sliding rod 440, and the supporting rod is clamped at the bottom of the sliding rod through the clamp 450, so as to fix the sliding rod 440 and the collecting curtain 500, because the user's height probably has the difference, but quick adjustment collects curtain 500's height, prevent that the sesame seed grain from running out under the condition that does not hinder the operation, set up the completion back, reel 320 is drawn into the sesame plant, the sesame seed grain fracture striking is on collecting curtain 500, and harvester 100 is at the in-process of motion, the air through collecting curtain 500 upper shed through-hole 520 can form one air current, there is one suction to the sesame seed grain, it falls into in header 200 to be more sesame seed grains, thereby reduce the loss rate that reaps the sesame.

Through many times of experiments, to the height of reel 320 and for the centre of rotation's of header 200 injecture, can effectual reduction reap the loss rate of sesame, and through the strutting arrangement 400 and the collection curtain 500 that set up, can hang collection curtain 500 on strutting arrangement 400, thereby increase the area of contact with the sesame seed grain of fracture among the harvesting process, thereby make more sesame seed grains fall into header 200, the loss rate has been reduced, whole strutting arrangement 400 is adjustable, conveniently collect curtain 500 under the condition that does not influence the operation, the parcel strutting arrangement 400 of maximum area.

The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The device suitable for sesame combine harvesting is characterized by comprising a harvester, a header, a rolling device, a supporting device and a collecting curtain, wherein the header is arranged on the front side of the harvester, the header is hopper-shaped and is internally provided with a collecting cavity, the rolling device is arranged in the collecting cavity, the supporting device is arranged above the header, and the collecting curtain is wound on the supporting device and is opened in a direction pointing to one side away from the harvester;

the rolling device is positioned right above the header, the projection of one side of the rolling device, which is far away from the harvester, in the horizontal direction is 60-150mm more ahead than that of one side of the header, which is far away from the harvester, and the distance between the rolling device and the ground is 2m at most and 0.4m at least;

the height of the supporting device is not less than two meters;

the collecting curtain comprises a curtain cloth, a plurality of through holes and a plurality of filter screens, the curtain cloth is C-shaped and wound on the supporting device, the opening direction of the curtain cloth points to one side of the harvester far away, and the filter screens are arranged on the through holes formed in the curtain cloth.

2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the header includes a base plate, two side plates and a plurality of cutters, the base plate is disposed on one side of the harvester, the two side plates are disposed on two sides of the base plate in parallel, and the cutters are disposed on one side of the base plate away from the harvester.

3. The device for combined harvesting of sesame seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein said material rolling device comprises a driving device, a reel and two eccentric devices, said driving device is disposed on said header, said reel is disposed in said collection chamber, one side of said two eccentric devices opposite to each other is connected to said reel, and the other side of said two eccentric devices opposite to each other is connected to said driving device.

4. A device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the drive mechanism includes a motor, two shafts and two bearings, the motor is mounted on the header, one opposite side of the two shafts is connected to the eccentric device, the opposite side of the two shafts passes through the header, one of the shafts is connected to the motor output shaft, and the two bearings are mounted on the header and slidably connected to the shafts.

5. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the reel comprises a fixed shaft disposed in the collection chamber, a plurality of connecting rods uniformly arranged along a circumferential direction of the fixed shaft, a plurality of elastic teeth uniformly arranged along a tangential direction of rotation of the connecting rods and disposed on the connecting rods, two of the disks parallel to each other and coaxially disposed with the fixed shaft, and two of the disks connected to the fixed shaft and the connecting rods on opposite sides thereof.

6. The combined sesame harvesting device as claimed in claim 5, wherein two of said eccentrics are provided on opposite sides of said disc, each of said eccentrics comprising an eccentric disc and an eccentric shaft, said eccentric discs being coaxially provided on said shaft, said eccentric shaft being eccentrically provided on said eccentric discs on opposite sides thereof, said eccentric shaft being concentrically provided on said disc on opposite sides thereof.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the support device comprises two front support rods, two rear support rods, three slide rods and a plurality of clamps, the two front support rods are vertically arranged on the header, the two rear support rods are vertically arranged on the header, the three slide rods are respectively in sliding connection with sliding grooves formed in the front support rods and the rear support rods, and the clamps are clamped on curtain cloth wound on the support rods.

8. The device for sesame combine harvesting according to claim 7, wherein the curtain is wrapped inside the front support bar, the rear support bar and the slide bar and clamped by a clamp, and the curtain can move along with the movement of the slide bar.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein the screen has a pore size smaller than the diameter of the sesame seed.