CN110306976B - Inert gas injection control annular pressure experiment device and method - Google Patents
Inert gas injection control annular pressure experiment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110306976B CN110306976B CN201910584368.XA CN201910584368A CN110306976B CN 110306976 B CN110306976 B CN 110306976B CN 201910584368 A CN201910584368 A CN 201910584368A CN 110306976 B CN110306976 B CN 110306976B
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- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
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Abstract
The invention provides an inert gas injection control annular pressure test device, wherein a main body part of the test device sequentially comprises an oil pipe flowing space, an annular space A and a stratum simulation space from inside to outside; the oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system simulates the service environment of the field oil pipe for the oil pipe flowing space; the fluid filling and open flow system simulates a stratum environment in a stratum simulation space and simulates a field annular environment A in an annular space A; the data display and acquisition system is used for detecting temperature, pressure and gas column height. And (3) obtaining a relation curve of the amount of inert gas injected in the actual environment under the influence of temperature effect and bulging effect and the annular pressure value by measuring the annular pressure values of the annular space A in different inert gas lengths, and determining the optimal inert gas column length on site according to the annular pressure descending amplitude under different inert gas column lengths. The invention can simulate the annular pressure condition under the field environment according to the actual condition, and the experimental result is fit for the field reality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safety control of oil and gas wells, in particular to an experimental device for controlling annulus under pressure by injecting inert gas and an experimental method thereof.
Technical Field
In the process of oil and gas field development and gas storage construction in China, annular space between an oil pipe and a casing pipe and between the casing pipe and the casing pipe are filled with annular protection liquid to balance formation pressure and prevent corrosion of the oil casing pipe. However, in the production process, the temperature and the pressure in the well bore are changed violently, so that the volume of the fluid in the annulus and the well bore are changed under the influence of the temperature effect and the bulging effect, and high annulus pressure is formed in the closed annulus. The annular pressure is pressed and is meant that gas well annular pressure recovers the phenomenon of pressure level before the pressure release again in the short time after the pressure release, if annular pressure is too high in the production process, can cause the crushing inefficacy of oil casing pipe, packer, wellhead assembly etc. and then lead to the integrality of pit shaft to suffer destruction, causes huge threat to the safety in production of gas well. However, no effective technical measure is formed at present to completely eradicate the problem of annulus pressure, and the most important countermeasure of the problem of annulus pressure is to control the problem in a safety range, so that the safety development period of the oil and gas well is effectively prolonged. A certain amount of inert gas (such as nitrogen) is injected into the annulus to be used as a novel annular pressure control means which is applied to certain oil fields in China in a leading way, but the corrosion prevention effect is greatly reduced due to excessive injection amount of the inert gas, and the best annular pressure control effect cannot be achieved due to too little injection amount. However, the assumed conditions and the calculation parameters of the existing gas-containing column annular pressure iterative calculation model are different from the real shaft environment, and for oil and gas wells with large gas production rate and high temperature and pressure, the existing theoretical calculation model has the problem of calculation non-convergence, so that calculation cannot be performed, and the optimal injection amount of the inert gas cannot be determined.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the existing theoretical calculation and the inadaptability of a theoretical calculation model to the field environment of the oil field, the invention provides the experimental device and the experimental method for controlling the annular pressure by injecting the inert gas, which can effectively solve the technical problems and guide the difficult problem of controlling the annular pressure in the field of the oil field.
In order to realize the research purpose, firstly, an experimental device for controlling the annular pressure by injecting inert gas is provided,
the inert gas injection control annulus under-pressure experiment device comprises a testing device main body part, an oil pipe fluid constant-temperature circulation and pressure control system, a data display and acquisition system and a fluid filling and open flow system;
the main body part of the testing device sequentially comprises an oil pipe flowing space, an annular space A and a stratum simulation space from inside to outside; the stratum simulation space is used for simulating the temperature and the pressure of the stratum and testing the influence of the stratum environment on the annular space A;
the oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system simulates the service environment of the field oil pipe for the flowing space of the oil pipe;
the fluid filling and blowout system simulates a stratum environment in a stratum simulation space and simulates a field annular environment A in an annular space A;
the data display and acquisition system is used for detecting the temperature, the pressure and the height of the gas column in the oil pipe flowing space, the annular space A and the stratum simulation space.
Further, the fluid filling and blowing system comprises an inert gas tank and an annulus protection liquid tank;
the main body part of the testing device comprises a sleeve combination, the sleeve combination sequentially comprises a testing oil pipe, a production casing pipe and an auxiliary pipe column which are coaxial from inside to outside, the ratio of the length of each part of the pipe column of the sleeve combination to the radius of each part of the pipe column of the sleeve combination is more than 15, the upper end and the lower end of the sleeve combination are respectively connected with an upper mechanical sealing cover and a lower mechanical sealing cover in a sealing manner, an oil pipe flowing space is formed in the testing oil pipe, an annular space A is formed between the testing oil pipe and the production casing pipe, and a stratum simulation space is formed between the production casing pipe and the auxiliary pipe column; the auxiliary pipe column is wrapped with a detachable heat insulation pad;
the oil pipe flowing space is connected with an oil pipe fluid injection pipe at the upper part and is connected with an oil pipe fluid discharge pipe at the lower part, and the oil pipe fluid injection pipe and the oil pipe fluid discharge pipe are respectively communicated with an oil pipe fluid constant-temperature circulation and pressure control system to form a loop; the oil pipe fluid which is controlled by the oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system and simulates the temperature and the pressure of a shaft flows in the oil pipe flowing space;
the lower part of the annular space A is connected with an annular protection liquid injection pipe and an annular protection liquid discharge pipe, the annular protection liquid injection pipe is connected with an annular protection liquid tank, and an annular protection liquid injection and discharge loop is formed by a liquid pump I, a valve I and a valve, so that an annular protection liquid injection and discharge system is formed; the upper part of the annular space pressure balance pipe is connected with an inert gas injection pipe and an annular space pressure balance pipe A, the inert gas injection pipe is connected with an inert gas tank, the injection amount of the inert gas is controlled by a pneumatic booster pump and a valve three times, the annular space pressure balance pipe A is connected with a soft rubber ball and a valve four, and the volume of the soft rubber ball is larger than that of the annular space A and is used for balancing the internal and external pressure of the annular space A so as to realize the injection and discharge of annular space protection liquid and the inert gas in a closed environment; the upper part of the annular space A is provided with an annular pressure sensor A, an annular temperature sensor A and a high-precision laser liquid level monitor which are connected with a data display and acquisition system through a communication interface;
the lower part of the stratum simulation space is connected with a pressure relief pipe, the upper part of the stratum simulation space is connected with a pressure pipe, the pressure pipe is connected with an inert gas tank and is controlled by a pneumatic booster pump, a valve five and a valve six to pressurize and release pressure in the annulus; the upper part of the stratum simulation space is provided with a stratum simulation space pressure sensor and a stratum simulation space temperature sensor which are connected with a data display and acquisition system through a communication interface; 32 symmetrical heating couples controlled by an oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system are arranged on the outer wall of the production casing and the inner wall of the auxiliary pipe column and used for heating the stratum simulation space.
Further, the oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system comprises a temperature control system, a pressure control system, a liquid storage tank, a high temperature and high pressure resistant pipeline, a liquid pump II, a heat preservation stirring barrel, a pipeline booster pump, a pressure release valve, a pressure gauge I, a pressure gauge II, a pressure gauge III and a safety valve;
a magnetic stirrer, a refrigeration loop and a heating loop controlled by a temperature control system are arranged in the heat-insulating stirring barrel, and a temperature detector is also arranged in the heat-insulating stirring barrel;
the pipeline booster pump and the pressure gauge I are arranged on a pipeline connected with an oil pipe fluid injection pipe, a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant pipeline is communicated with an oil pipe fluid discharge pipe, a liquid pump II, a liquid storage tank, a safety valve, a pressure gauge III, a pressure relief valve and a pressure gauge II are sequentially arranged on the high-temperature and high-pressure resistant pipeline, the pipeline booster pump and the pressure relief valve are respectively controlled by a pressure control system and are used for controlling the pressure of fluid in the oil pipe, and if the pressure gauge III displays overhigh pressure during testing, the pressure is relieved through the safety valve;
the data display and acquisition system is also provided with a temperature and pressure alarm, and the device is closed in time when the temperature and pressure are too high.
The invention also provides an annulus under-pressure experiment method, which is used for carrying out experiments by using the inert gas injection control annulus under-pressure experiment device and comprises the following steps:
first step, preparation of the experiment
Preparing inert gas, annular protection liquid, an oil pipe and a production casing for on-site use, assembling an experimental instrument, measuring the length of a pipe column to be L meters, detecting the distribution condition and the working state of a heating couple, ensuring the uniform distribution and the normal work of the heating couple, carrying out pressure test on an experimental device, ensuring the sealing property of the experimental device, and carrying out on-site oil pipe fluid (crude oil, natural gas, water and supercritical CO) treatment on the on-site oil pipe fluid2Etc.) injecting into the liquid storage tank, and collecting on-site monitoring data, wherein the on-site monitoring data comprises production parameters such as formation temperature, formation pressure, temperature in the oil pipe, pressure in the oil pipe, flow rate, annulus reserved pressure and the like;
step two, setting the temperature and pressure of the formation simulation space:
simulating an actual stratum environment by utilizing a stratum simulation space, firstly closing a valve six, controlling a heating couple to heat the stratum simulation space to a field stratum actual measurement temperature by a temperature control system, opening a valve five, injecting inert gas into a pneumatic booster pump to increase the pressure to the field stratum actual measurement pressure, carrying out real-time monitoring by a data display and acquisition system, and closing the valve five and the pneumatic booster pump after the pressure is increased to the field stratum actual measurement pressure;
step three, filling the annulus A with a protection solution:
opening a second valve, a third valve and a pneumatic booster to circulate for 3 minutes to remove air in the annulus A, then closing the second valve, the third valve and the pneumatic booster, opening a fourth valve on a pressure balance pipe of the annulus A, opening a first valve and a first liquid pump, injecting annular protection liquid into the annulus A, monitoring the length and the pressure of an air column through a data display and acquisition system, closing the fourth valve on the pressure balance pipe of the annulus A when the length of the air column is 0, and closing the first valve and the first liquid pump when the pressure of the annulus A rises to the reserved annulus pressure NMPa on site;
fourthly, starting an oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system:
firstly, raising the temperature of fluid in a heat-preservation stirring barrel to the temperature of fluid in an oil pipe on site, opening a magnetic stirrer and a liquid pump II to circulate the fluid and reach the flow speed of the fluid in the oil pipe on site, and controlling a pipeline booster pump and a pressure release valve to keep the pressure in a fluid space of the oil pipe at the pressure actually measured on site;
fifthly, recording the pressure of the annular space A through a data display and acquisition system, and recording the pressure P when the pressure is kept constant0At this time P0When the length of the gas column is 0 meter, the value of the A annular pressure is caused by the temperature effect and the bulging effect under the field environment;
sixthly, closing the heating system, and closing the magnetic stirrer and the liquid pump circulating system to reduce the temperature of the fluid space of the oil pipe to room temperature;
step seven, injecting inert gases with different volumes:
when the pressure of the annulus A is reduced to N MPa, opening a valve four balance internal and external pressure on the annulus pressure balance pipe A, opening a valve two to discharge annulus protection liquid, monitoring the height of an air column through a data display and acquisition system, closing the valve two and the valve four, opening a valve three, injecting inert gas into a pneumatic booster, monitoring the pressure of the annulus space A through the data display and acquisition system, and closing the valve three and the pneumatic booster when the pressure is increased to N MPa;
in each experiment, the height of the gas column rises to a preset height which is H in turn1Rice, 2 x H1、3*H1、…30*H1，H1L/100 m;
and eighthly, repeating the fourth step and the fifth step, recording the pressure of the annular space A through a data display and acquisition system, and recording the pressure P when the pressure is kept constant1At the pressure of injecting inert gas H1m is the value of annulus pressure caused by temperature effect and pressure effect;
and step nine, repeating the step six, the step seventh and the step eight, and recording the annular pressure P of the A2；
A annular pressure P2Corresponding to the gas column 2 x H in the seventh step1The meter and the P3 correspond to the gas column 3H in the seventh step1Rice … P30Corresponding to the gas column 30H in the seventh step2And (4) rice.
Tenth, pumping the fluid out of the device after the experiment is finished, and cleaning an experimental instrument;
the tenth step, drawing the relation curve of the annular pressure and the inert gas column length, determining the reasonable inert gas column length on site according to the descending amplitude of the annular pressure under different inert gas column lengths, and measuring the optimal inert gas column length as n H through experiments1Then, the inert gas column length should be applied on site as HX＝(n*H1*Hm)/L；
In the formula: hXReserving the length of an inert gas column m for the site; n H1Measuring the optimal inert gas column length m for the experiment; l is the length of the experimental test pipe column, m; hmIs the on-site packer setting depth, m.
The invention has the following technical effects:
(1) the invention can simulate the annulus pressure condition caused by temperature effect and bulging effect under the field environment according to the requirement of the actual condition, and the experimental result is fit with the field actual condition;
(2) the annulus pressure optimization method based on the experimental device can effectively relieve the well bore integrity risk caused by annulus pressure on site, and effectively reduce the workload and the management cost caused by frequent open flow on site;
(3) the invention can simulate different types of annular protection liquid and different types of injection and production wells (injecting natural gas and CO in a gas storage reservoir)2Injection and production wells, oil wells and gas wells), different types of inert gases, different oil casing materials and different sizes, and can realize the simulation of various working conditions;
(4) the method solves the limitation of a theoretical mathematical model, can simulate the control problem of annulus pressure under the extreme working condition of a high-temperature high-pressure high-yield well, and has good field application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a main body portion of the testing device and a fluid filling and discharging system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the tubing fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a relationship curve of annular pressure values under different lengths of nitrogen columns obtained by experiments of the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the inert gas injection control annulus under-pressure experiment device comprises a testing device main body part 1, an oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system 2, a data display and acquisition system 3 and a fluid injection and blowout system 4;
the testing device main body part 1 sequentially comprises an oil pipe flowing space 11, an annular space A12 and a stratum simulation space 13 from inside to outside; the formation simulation space 13 is used for simulating formation temperature and pressure and testing the influence of the formation environment on the annular space A12;
the oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system 2 simulates the service environment of the field oil pipe for the oil pipe flowing space 11;
the fluid filling and blowout system 4 simulates a formation environment in a formation simulation space 13 and simulates an on-site A annular environment in an A annular space 12;
the data display and acquisition system 3 is used for detecting the temperature, the pressure and the gas column height in the oil pipe flowing space 11, the A annular space 12 and the stratum simulation space 13.
The fluid filling and blowout system 4 comprises an inert gas tank 27 and an annular protection liquid tank 28;
as shown in fig. 2, the testing device main body part 1 comprises a sleeve combination, the sleeve combination sequentially comprises a testing oil pipe 5, a production casing 6 and an auxiliary pipe column 7 which are coaxial from inside to outside, the testing oil pipe 5, the production casing 6 and the auxiliary pipe column 7 are arranged coaxially, the ratio of the length of each part of the pipe column of the sleeve combination to the radius of each part of the pipe column is larger than 15, the upper end and the lower end of the sleeve combination are respectively connected with an upper mechanical sealing cover 9 and a lower mechanical sealing cover 10 in a sealing manner, an oil pipe flowing space 11 is formed in the testing oil pipe 5, an annular space 12A is formed between the testing oil pipe 5 and the production casing 6, and a stratum simulation space 13 is formed between the production casing 6 and the auxiliary pipe column 7; the auxiliary pipe column 7 is externally wrapped with a detachable heat insulation pad 8 to prevent the experimental device from exchanging heat with the outside;
the oil pipe flowing space 11 is connected with an oil pipe fluid injection pipe 14 at the upper part and is connected with an oil pipe fluid discharge pipe 15 at the lower part, and the oil pipe fluid injection pipe 14 and the oil pipe fluid discharge pipe 15 are respectively communicated with the oil pipe fluid constant-temperature circulation and pressure control system 2 to form a loop; the oil pipe fluid which is controlled by the oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system 2 and simulates the temperature and the pressure of a shaft flows in the oil pipe flowing space 11;
the lower part of the annular space A12 is connected with an annular protection liquid injection pipe 16 and an annular protection liquid discharge pipe 17, the annular protection liquid injection pipe 16 is connected with an annular protection liquid tank 28, and an annular protection liquid injection and discharge loop is formed by a liquid pump I29, a valve I30 and a valve II 31, so that an annular protection liquid filling and discharging system is formed; the upper part is connected with an inert gas injection pipe 18 and an A annular space pressure balance pipe 32, the inert gas injection pipe 18 is connected with an inert gas tank 27, the injection amount of the inert gas is controlled by a pneumatic booster pump 33 and a valve III 34, the A annular space pressure balance pipe 32 is connected with a soft rubber ball 35 and a valve IV 36, the volume of the soft rubber ball 35 is larger than that of the A annular space 12 and is used for balancing the internal and external pressure of the A annular space so as to realize the injection and discharge of the annular protection liquid and the inert gas in a closed environment; the upper part of the annular space A12 is provided with an annular space A pressure sensor 19, an annular space A temperature sensor 20 and a high-precision laser liquid level monitor 21 which are connected with the data display and acquisition system 3 through communication interfaces;
the lower part of the stratum simulation space 13 is connected with a pressure relief pipe 22, the upper part of the stratum simulation space is connected with a pressure pipe 23, the pressure pipe 23 is connected with an inert gas tank 27, and the pressure relief and pressurization of the annular space are controlled by a pneumatic booster pump 33, a valve five 37 and a valve six 38; the upper part of the stratum simulation space 13 is provided with a stratum simulation space pressure sensor 24 and a stratum simulation space temperature sensor 25 which are connected with the data display and acquisition system 3 through communication interfaces; 32 symmetrical heating couples 26 controlled by the oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system 2 are arranged on the outer wall of the production casing 6 and the inner wall of the auxiliary pipe column 7 and used for heating the formation simulation space 13.
As shown in fig. 3, the oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system 2 includes a temperature control system 43, a pressure control system 44, a liquid storage tank 39, a high temperature and high pressure resistant pipeline 40, a second liquid pump 41, a heat preservation stirring barrel 42, a pipeline booster pump 45, a pressure relief valve 46, a first pressure gauge 47, a second pressure gauge 48, a third pressure gauge 49, and a safety valve 50;
a magnetic stirrer 51, a refrigerating loop 52 and a heating loop 53 controlled by a temperature control system 43 are arranged in the heat-insulating stirring barrel 42, and a temperature detector 54 is also arranged;
the pipeline booster pump 45 and the pressure gauge I47 are installed on a pipeline connected with the oil pipe fluid injection pipe 14, the high-temperature and high-pressure resistant pipeline 40 is communicated with the oil pipe fluid discharge pipe 15, the high-temperature and high-pressure resistant pipeline 40 is sequentially provided with a liquid pump II 41, a liquid storage tank 39, a safety valve 50, a pressure gauge III 49, a pressure relief valve 46 and a pressure gauge II 48, the pipeline booster pump 45 and the pressure relief valve 46 are respectively controlled by a pressure control system 44 and used for controlling the pressure of fluid in the oil pipe, and when in test, if the pressure gauge III 49 displays overhigh pressure, the pressure is relieved through the safety valve 50;
the data display and acquisition system 3 is also equipped with a temperature and pressure alarm 55, which timely shuts off the device when the temperature and pressure are too high.
The data display and acquisition system 3 and the oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system 2 simulate the service environment of an on-site oil pipe, the fluid filling and blowout system 4 simulates the stratum environment in a stratum simulation space 13, simulates the on-site A annular environment in an A annular space 12, the relationship curve of the amount of inert gas injected into the actual environment under the influence of temperature effect and bulging effect and the annular pressure value is obtained by measuring the annular pressure value of the A annular space 12 in different inert gas lengths, and the optimal on-site inert gas column length is determined according to the annular pressure descending amplitude under different inert gas column lengths.
The specific annular pressure test method is used for performing the test by using the inert gas injection control annular pressure test device and comprises the following steps:
first step, preparation of the experiment
The inert gas used in the field is nitrogen, inorganic salt annular space protection liquid is used, and the size of the oil pipe
Size of the casing
The length of the pipe column is 2 meters, the depth under the on-site packer is 4000 meters, the fluid of the oil pipe is natural gas, the formation temperature is 80 ℃, the pressure is 45MPa, the highest wellbore temperature in gas production is 180 ℃, the pressure is 37MPa, and the annular reserved pressure is 2 MPa. The experimental instrument is assembled, the distribution condition and the working state of the heating couple are detected, the uniform distribution and the normal work of the heating couple are ensured, the pressure test is carried out on the experimental device, and the sealing performance of the experimental device is ensured.
And secondly, setting the temperature and the pressure of the formation simulation space 13:
the actual earth environment is simulated using the earth simulation space 13. Firstly, closing a sixth valve 38, controlling the heating couple 26 to heat the formation simulation space 13 to 80 ℃ through the temperature control system, opening a fifth valve 37, injecting inert gas into the pneumatic booster pump 33 to increase the pressure to 45MPa, carrying out real-time monitoring through the data display and acquisition system, and closing the fifth valve 37 and the pneumatic booster pump 33 when the pressure is increased to 45 MPa.
Step three, filling the annulus A with a protection solution:
opening a second valve 31, a third valve 34 and a pneumatic booster 33, circulating for 3 minutes to remove air in the annulus A, then closing the second valve 31, the third valve 34 and the pneumatic booster 33, opening a fourth valve 36 on a pressure balance pipe 32 of the annulus A, opening a first valve 30 and a first liquid pump 29, injecting annular protection liquid into the annulus A12, monitoring the length and the pressure of an air column through a data display and acquisition system 3, closing the fourth valve 36 on the pressure balance pipe of the annulus A when the length of the air column is 0 meter, and closing the first valve 30 and the first liquid pump 29 when the pressure of the annulus A is increased to the reserved annulus pressure 2MPa on site.
Fourthly, starting the oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system 2:
firstly, the temperature of the fluid in the heat-preservation stirring barrel 42 is raised to 180 ℃, the magnetic stirrer 51 and the second liquid pump 41 are opened to circulate the fluid and reach the fluid flowing speed of the on-site oil pipe, and the pressure in the fluid space 11 of the oil pipe is kept at 37MPa by controlling the pipeline booster pump 45 and the pressure relief valve 46.
The fifth step, recording A the pressure in the annular space 12 by means of the data display and acquisition system 3, recording the pressure P when it remains constant0At this time P0When the length of the gas column is 0 meter, the value of the pressure in the A annular space is caused by the temperature effect and the bulging effect under the field environment.
And sixthly, closing the heating system, and closing the magnetic stirrer 51 and the circulating system of the liquid pump II 41 to reduce the temperature of the oil pipe fluid space 11 to room temperature.
Step seven, injecting inert gases with different volumes:
when the pressure of the A annulus is reduced to 2MPa, a valve II 36 on the A annulus pressure balance pipe 32 is opened to balance the internal pressure and the external pressure, a valve II 31 is opened to discharge the annular protection liquid, the height of the gas column is monitored through the data display and acquisition system 3, when the height of the gas column is increased to 0.02 m (0.04, 0.06 and … 0.6.6), the valve II 31 is closed, the valve II 36 is opened, a valve III 34 is opened, the pneumatic booster 33 injects inert gas, the pressure of the A annulus 12 is monitored through the data display and acquisition system 3, and when the pressure is increased to 2MPa, the valve III 34 and the pneumatic booster 33 are closed.
And eighthly, repeating the fourth step and the fifth step, recording the pressure in the annular space 12A through the data display and acquisition system 3, and recording the pressure P when the pressure is kept constant1The pressure at this time is an annulus pressure value due to a temperature effect or a pressure effect when the inert gas is injected at 0.02.
And step nine, repeating the step six, the step seventh and the step eight, and recording the annular pressure P of the A2(annular inert gas length 0.04 m), P3 (annular inert gas length 0.06 m) … P30 (annular inert gas length 0.6 m).
And step ten, pumping the fluid out of the device after the experiment is finished, and cleaning the experimental instrument.
And step eleven, drawing a relation curve of the annular pressure and the length of the nitrogen column as shown in fig. 4, wherein the annular pressure is not obviously reduced after the length of the nitrogen column is greater than 0.2 m, and the length of the nitrogen column to be injected is 400m when the depth under the on-site packer is 4000m in consideration of the corrosion protection effect and the annular pressure control effect.
Claims (5)
1. Annotate inert gas management and control annular space area and press experimental apparatus, its characterized in that: the device comprises a testing device main body part (1), an oil pipe fluid constant-temperature circulation and pressure control system (2), a data display and acquisition system (3) and a fluid filling and open flow system (4);
the testing device comprises a testing device main body part (1) and a testing device control part, wherein the testing device main body part sequentially comprises an oil pipe flowing space (11), an annular space A (12) and a stratum simulation space (13) from inside to outside; the formation simulation space (13) is used for simulating formation temperature and pressure and testing the influence of the formation environment on the annular space A (12);
the oil pipe fluid constant-temperature circulation and pressure control system (2) simulates the service environment of the field oil pipe for an oil pipe flowing space (11);
the fluid filling and blowout system (4) simulates a stratum environment in a stratum simulation space (13) and simulates an on-site A annular environment in an A annular space (12);
the data display and acquisition system (3) is used for detecting the temperature, the pressure and the gas column height in an oil pipe flowing space (11), an A annular space (12) and a stratum simulation space (13);
the fluid filling and blowing system (4) comprises an inert gas tank (27) and an annular protection liquid tank (28);
the testing device comprises a testing device main body part (1) and a sleeve combination, wherein the sleeve combination sequentially comprises a testing oil pipe (5), a production casing pipe (6) and an auxiliary pipe column (7) which are coaxial from inside to outside, the ratio of the length of each part of the pipe column to the radius of each part of the pipe column of the sleeve combination is larger than 15, the upper end and the lower end of the sleeve combination are respectively in sealing connection with an upper mechanical sealing cover (9) and a lower mechanical sealing cover (10), an oil pipe flowing space (11) is formed in the testing oil pipe (5), an annular space A (12) is formed between the testing oil pipe (5) and the production casing pipe (6), and a stratum simulation space (13) is formed between the production casing pipe (6) and the auxiliary pipe column (7); the auxiliary pipe column (7) is externally wrapped with a detachable heat insulation pad (8);
the oil pipe flowing space (11) is connected with an oil pipe fluid injection pipe (14) at the upper part and connected with an oil pipe fluid discharge pipe (15) at the lower part, and the oil pipe fluid injection pipe (14) and the oil pipe fluid discharge pipe (15) are respectively communicated with the oil pipe fluid constant-temperature circulation and pressure control system (2) to form a loop; the oil pipe fluid which is controlled by the oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system (2) and simulates the temperature and the pressure of a shaft flows in the oil pipe flowing space (11);
the lower part of the annular space A (12) is connected with an annular protection liquid injection pipe (16) and an annular protection liquid discharge pipe (17), the annular protection liquid injection pipe (16) is connected with an annular protection liquid tank (28), and an annular protection liquid injection and discharge loop is formed by a liquid pump I (29), a valve I (30) and a valve II (31), so that an annular protection liquid filling and discharging system is formed; the upper part of the annular space pressure balance pipe is connected with an inert gas injection pipe (18) and an A annular space pressure balance pipe (32), the inert gas injection pipe (18) is connected with an inert gas tank (27), the injection amount of the inert gas is controlled through a pneumatic booster pump (33) and a valve III (34), the A annular space pressure balance pipe (32) is connected with a soft rubber ball (35) and a valve IV (36), and the volume of the soft rubber ball (35) is larger than that of the A annular space (12) and used for balancing the internal pressure and the external pressure of the A annular space so as to realize the injection and the discharge of the annular protection liquid and the inert gas in a closed environment; the upper part of the A annular space (12) is provided with an A annular pressure sensor (19), an A annular temperature sensor (20) and a high-precision laser liquid level monitor (21) which are connected with the data display and acquisition system (3) through a communication interface;
the lower part of the stratum simulation space (13) is connected with a pressure relief pipe (22), the upper part of the stratum simulation space is connected with a pressure pipe (23), the pressure pipe (23) is connected with an inert gas tank (27), and the pressure pipe is controlled by a pneumatic booster pump (33), a valve five (37) and a valve six (38) to pressurize and release pressure in the stratum simulation space (13); the upper part of the stratum simulation space (13) is provided with a stratum simulation space pressure sensor (24) and a stratum simulation space temperature sensor (25) which are connected with the data display and acquisition system (3) through a communication interface; 32 symmetrical heating couples (26) controlled by an oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system (2) are arranged on the outer wall of the production casing (6) and the inner wall of the auxiliary pipe column (7) and used for heating the formation simulation space (13).
2. The inert gas injection pipe control annular pressure test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system (2) comprises a temperature control system (43), a pressure control system (44), a liquid storage tank (39), a high temperature and high pressure resistant pipeline (40), a liquid pump II (41), a heat preservation stirring barrel (42), a pipeline booster pump (45), a pressure relief valve (46), a pressure gauge I (47), a pressure gauge II (48), a pressure gauge III (49) and a safety valve (50);
a magnetic stirrer (51), a refrigerating circuit (52) and a heating circuit (53) which are controlled by a temperature control system (43) are arranged in the heat-insulating stirring barrel (42), and a temperature detector (54) is also arranged;
pipeline booster pump (45), manometer one (47) is installed on the pipeline of being connected with oil pipe fluid injection pipe (14), high temperature and high pressure resistant pipeline (40) and oil pipe fluid discharge pipe (15) intercommunication, install liquid pump two (41) on high temperature and high pressure resistant pipeline (40) in proper order, liquid storage pot (39), relief valve (50), manometer three (49), relief valve (46), manometer two (48), pipeline booster pump (45) and relief valve (46) are controlled by pressure control system (44) respectively, be used for controlling the interior fluid pressure of oil pipe, if manometer three (49) show that pressure is too high during the test, then carry out the pressure release through relief valve (50).
3. The inert gas injection pipe control annular pressure test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the data display and acquisition system (3) is also provided with a temperature and pressure alarm (55) which is closed in time when the temperature and pressure are too high.
4. The method for testing the annulus under pressure is characterized in that the device for testing the annulus under pressure by injecting the inert gas according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used for testing, and comprises the following steps:
first step, preparation of the experiment
Injecting the on-site tubing fluid into the fluid reservoir (39) and collecting on-site monitoring data;
secondly, setting the temperature and the pressure of the formation simulation space (13):
simulating an actual stratum environment by utilizing a stratum simulation space (13), firstly closing a valve six (38), controlling a heating couple (26) to heat the stratum simulation space (13) to a field stratum actual measurement temperature by a temperature control system (43), opening a valve five (37), injecting inert gas into a pneumatic booster pump (33) to increase the pressure to the field stratum actual measurement pressure, carrying out real-time monitoring by a data display and acquisition system (3), and closing the valve five (37) and the pneumatic booster pump (33) after the pressure is increased to the field stratum actual measurement pressure;
step three, filling the annulus A with a protection solution:
opening a second valve (31), a third valve (34) and a pneumatic booster pump (33), circulating for 3 minutes to remove air in the annulus A, then closing the second valve (31), the third valve (34) and the pneumatic booster pump (33), opening a fourth valve (36) on a pressure balance pipe (32) of the annulus A, opening a first valve (30) and a first liquid pump (29), injecting an annulus protection liquid into the annulus A (12), monitoring the length and the pressure of the gas column through a data display and acquisition system (3), closing the fourth valve (36) on the pressure balance pipe of the annulus A when the length of the gas column is 0, and closing the first valve (30) and the first liquid pump (29) when the pressure of the annulus A is increased to the site reserved annulus pressure NMPa;
fourthly, starting the oil pipe fluid constant temperature circulation and pressure control system (2):
firstly, raising the temperature of fluid in a heat-preservation stirring barrel (42) to the temperature of fluid in an oil pipe on site, opening a magnetic stirrer (51) and a liquid pump II (41) to circulate the fluid and reach the flow speed of the fluid in the oil pipe on site, and controlling a pipeline booster pump (45) and a pressure relief valve (46) to keep the pressure in a fluid space (11) of the oil pipe at the pressure actually measured on site;
fifthly, recording the pressure of the A annular space (12) through the data display and acquisition system (3), and recording the pressure P of the A annular space (12) when the pressure is kept constant0At this time P0When the length of the gas column is 0 meter, the value of the A annular pressure is caused by the temperature effect and the bulging effect under the field environment;
sixthly, closing the heating system, and closing the magnetic stirrer (51) and the circulating system of the liquid pump II (41) to reduce the temperature of the oil pipe fluid space (11) to room temperature;
step seven, injecting inert gases with different volumes:
when the pressure of the A annulus is reduced to N MPa, opening a valve IV (36) on the A annulus pressure balance pipe (32) to balance the internal pressure and the external pressure, opening a valve II (31) to discharge the annular protection liquid, monitoring the height of the gas column through a data display and acquisition system (3), closing the valve II (31), opening the valve III (34) when the height of the gas column is increased to a preset height, injecting inert gas into a pneumatic booster pump (33), monitoring the pressure of the A annulus (12) through the data display and acquisition system (3), closing the valve III (34) and the pneumatic booster pump (33) when the pressure is increased to N MPa;
and eighthly, repeating the fourth step and the fifth step, recording the pressure of the annular space A (12) through the data display and acquisition system (3), and recording the pressure P of the annular space A (12) at the moment when the pressure is kept constant1At the pressure of injecting inert gas H1m is the value of annulus pressure caused by temperature effect and pressure effect;
and step nine, repeating the step six, the step seventh and the step eight, and recording the annular pressure P of the A2；
Tenth, pumping the fluid out of the device after the experiment is finished, and cleaning an experimental instrument;
the tenth step, drawing the relation curve of the annular pressure and the inert gas column length, determining the reasonable inert gas column length on site according to the descending amplitude of the annular pressure under different inert gas column lengths, and measuring the optimal inert gas column length as n H through experiments1Then, the inert gas column length should be applied on site as HX=（n*H1*Hm）/L；
In the formula: hXReserving the length of an inert gas column m for the site; n H1Measuring the optimal inert gas column length m for the experiment; l is the length of the experimental test pipe column, m; hmIs the on-site packer setting depth, m.
5. The annular band pressure test method according to claim 4,
in the seventh step, the height of the gas column is raised to a preset height, and the preset height is sequentially H in each experiment1Rice, 2 x H1、3* H1、…30*H1， H1= L/100 m;
in the ninth step, the pressure P of the annulus A is recorded2…P30(ii) a A annular pressure P2Corresponding to the gas column 2 x H in the seventh step1Rice, P3Corresponding to gas column 3H in the seventh step1Rice … P30Corresponding to the gas column 30H in the seventh step2And (4) rice.
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