CN110303181A - The compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material - Google Patents
The compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110303181A CN110303181A CN201910551321.3A CN201910551321A CN110303181A CN 110303181 A CN110303181 A CN 110303181A CN 201910551321 A CN201910551321 A CN 201910551321A CN 110303181 A CN110303181 A CN 110303181A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B47/00—Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B47/00—Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor
- B23B47/34—Arrangements for removing chips out of the holes made; Chip- breaking arrangements attached to the tool
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P25/00—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress
- B23P25/003—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress immediately preceding a cutting tool
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material, by the way that rotary ultrasonic machining device is arranged on numerically-controlled machine tool, by Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling and peck formula drilling carry out it is compound, drilling processing is carried out to difficult-to-machine material, the following steps are included: it is according to the cutting ability of machined material and the material of drilling cutters and specification, determines the revolving speed n and feed of every rotation f of drilling processingr；According to process requirements, mode of vibration, the vibration frequency f of Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling are determinedultraAnd amplitude A；According to the cutting ability of machined material and the aspect ratio of drilling, the tool path pattern and the amount of cutting Q for pecking formula drilling are determined；According to above-mentioned parameter, drilling cutters periodically retract while carrying out drilling processing according to Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling mode according further to the mode for pecking formula drilling.This method simple process, accurate drilling needs easy to operate, at low cost and being able to satisfy different difficult-to-machine materials realize the purpose for extending cutter life, reducing manufacturing deficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of machining, specifically, relate to a kind of compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material.
Background technique
With the research and development of the raising and new material of mechanized equipment performance and required precision, a large amount of difficult-to-machine materials are in machinery
It is used widely in product, these materials include plastic metal materials and the potteries such as titanium alloy, nickel-base alloy, high-strength dead-hard steel
The brittle property nonmetallic materials such as porcelain, glass.However, when above-mentioned material drilling is processed, common manifestation goes out that cutting force is big, cutting temperature
High, the problems such as chip breaking chip removal is difficult, tool life is low, processing quality is poor.In addition, drilling belongs to typical semiclosed continuous type
Cutting Process, whole process are completed in inside workpiece, and cutting fluid enters and the channel of chip discharge is restricted, and friction is squeezed
Pressure situation is serious, so that the above problem be made to show more prominent.In order to solve the Drill Techniques problem of difficult-to-machine material, vibrate
The novel drilling techniques such as drilling, conductive drilling, low temperature drilling gradually appear, and are developed application.
Wherein, the Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling technology in vibration drilling has in terms of hole machined apparent excellent in difficult-to-machine material
Gesture, principle are: on the basis of traditional drilling, making to generate controllable ultrasonic frequency vibration between drill bit and workpiece by dedicated vibration source
It is dynamic, to change drilling mechanism, obtain good processing effect.Correlative study shows: Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling, which has, reduces cutting
Area's friction reduces average drill thrust, improves the features such as material cutting ability.But Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling can not be obviously improved
Chip breaking chip removal effect, and it is also very limited to the castering action of the cooling cleaning effect of cutting fluid.
In order to overcome the shortcomings of One-Dimensional Ultrasonic vibrate vibration drilling, effectively solve plasticity difficult-to-machine material chip breaking chip removal and
The cooling cleaning problem of brittle property difficult-to-machine material, had gradually appeared vibration drilling technique, its object is to fill in recent years
Distribution waves the respective advantage of one-dimensional vibration drilling, expands the application range of Vibrational Drilling Technology.Such as application No. is
201710483999.3 patent and application No. is 201610002983.1 patent be utilized low frequency axial vibration system and
The complex vibration that the ultrasonic torsion vibration of low frequency axial vibration and drill bit that ultrasonic torsion vibration system realizes workpiece combines
Drilling processing.Although the processing method can effectively solve chip breaking chip removal problem, it, should compared with One-Dimensional Ultrasonic vibration drilling
Method needs to increase from device a set of low-frequency vibration system, improves equipment cost；From technique, need to solve ultrasonic and low
The coupling and matching problem of frequency vibration, increase control difficulty.In addition, the cooling cleaning problem in drilling processing is still without obtaining
Effectively solve.
In order to solve the above problems, people are seeking always a kind of ideal technical solution.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, thus provide a kind of control it is simple, to processing unit (plant) requirement
The compound drilling process of low difficult-to-machine material.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material,
Rotary ultrasonic machining device is set on numerically-controlled machine tool, by Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling and peck formula drilling carry out it is compound, to hardly possible process material
Material carries out drilling processing comprising following steps:
(1) according to the cutting ability of machined material and the material and specification of drilling cutters, the revolving speed n of drilling processing and every is determined
Turn amount of feeding fr；
(2) according to process requirements, mode of vibration, the vibration frequency f of Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling are determinedultraAnd amplitude A；
(3) according to the cutting ability of machined material and the aspect ratio of drilling, the tool path pattern and the amount of cutting for pecking formula drilling are determined
Q；
(4) according to revolving speed n, the feed of every rotation f determinedr, vibration frequency fultra, amplitude A and the amount of cutting Q, drilling cutters are pressing
While carrying out interior hole machined according to Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling mode, periodically retract according further to the mode for pecking formula drilling.
Based on above-mentioned, it is described peck formula drilling refer to it is real using the programming of numerically-controlled machine tool itself and motor function in process
Existing drill bit recycles the process retracted, become continuous cutting as interrupted cut from cutting region；Its tool path pattern includes: that drill bit is every
It is secondary recycle return to setting position hole outside standard peck brill mode and drill bit recycle every time only return to apart from inner hole cutting
At area's certain interval, but the high speed outside exit aperture does not peck brill mode.
Based on above-mentioned, the tool path pattern for pecking formula drilling further includes that alternately standard pecks brill mode and high speed pecks brill side
Formula.
Based on above-mentioned, the numerical value of the amount of the cutting Q for pecking formula drilling is the feed of every rotation frThe 30~600 of numerical value
Times.
Based on above-mentioned, when processing brittle property difficult-to-machine material, the amount of the cutting Q is less than or equal to 0.2mm, described brittle
Property difficult-to-machine material includes glass, ceramics.
Based on above-mentioned, when working plasticity difficult-to-machine material described in the amount of cutting be greater than or equal to 1mm；The plasticity difficulty processing
Material includes titanium alloy, nickel-base alloy.
Based on above-mentioned, the mode of vibration of the Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling includes that drill bit or workpiece shake along the longitudinal direction of drill axis
It is dynamic, around drill axis twisting vibration or the Hybrid transducer vibration formed is combined by extensional vibration and twisting vibration.
Based on above-mentioned, when machining titanium alloy, nickel-bass alloy material, the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration be 16 KHz~
30KHz, amplitude are 2 μm~20 μm.
Based on above-mentioned, when processing glass, ceramic material, the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration is greater than 30KHz, amplitude less than 5 μ
m。
It further include using external-cooling type or inner-cooled cutting fluid based on above-mentioned, the described compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material
Pouring procedure cools down machining area, lubricated and is cleaned.
The present invention has substantive distinguishing features outstanding and significant progress compared with the prior art, and specifically, the present invention mentions
The compound drilling process of the difficult-to-machine material of confession has the advantage that
(1) equipment is simple, at low cost.On the basis of original ultrasonic vibration drill turning equipment, the intrinsic movement of numerically-controlled machine tool is utilized
Function can be achieved with Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling and pecking the Compound Machining of formula drilling, without increasing extra cost, less Structure of need compared with
For complicated low-frequency vibration system.
(2) simple process, easily controllable.For ultrasound and low frequency vibration drilling technique, the ginseng that needs to control
Number includes: revolving speed, the amount of feeding, ultrasonic vibration frequency, ultrasonic amplitude, low-frequency vibration frequency and low frequency amplitude 6, and there are drilling ginsengs
Matching problem between number, ultrasonic vibration parameter and low-frequency vibration parameter three；In addition, there is also ultrasound and low-frequency vibration modes
The problem that intercouples between (straight-line oscillation or twisting vibration) and direction of vibration.And the parameter controlled required for the present invention only has
Revolving speed, the amount of feeding, supersonic frequency, ultrasonic amplitude and the amount of cutting 5, parameter selection is easy, technology controlling and process is simple, to be easier to
It promotes and applies.
(3) mutual supplement with each other's advantages being advantageously implemented between different process meets the accurate drilling needs of different difficult-to-machine materials.When
When drilling plasticity difficult-to-machine material, the chip breaking chip removal performance for being conducive to make up Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling is insufficient, reduces cutting force, improves
Processing quality；When the brittle property difficult-to-machine material of drilling, be conducive to the cooling and the cleaning effect that increase cutting fluid, extending cutter makes
With the service life, reduce manufacturing deficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that ultrasonic vibration standard provided by the invention pecks brill combination process schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that ultrasonic vibration high speed provided by the invention pecks brill combination process schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the extensional vibration schematic diagram provided by the invention along drill axis.
Fig. 4 is the twisting vibration schematic diagram provided by the invention around drill axis.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention will be described in further detail.
Embodiment
The present embodiment provides a kind of compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, specifically
Ultrasonic vibration is carried out to difficult-to-machine material using numerically-controlled machine tool and the rotary ultrasonic machining device being arranged on numerically-controlled machine tool and pecks brill
Compound Machining comprising following steps:
(1) according to the cutting ability of machined material and the material and specification of drilling cutters, the revolving speed n of drilling processing and every is determined
Turn amount of feeding fr。
Under normal conditions, the cutting ability of machined material is poorer, revolving speed n and feed of every rotation frWith regard to smaller；Drilling knife
The heat resistance and wearability of tool are better, revolving speed n and feed of every rotation frIt is bigger；The diameter of drilling cutters is smaller, length is shorter,
Revolving speed n is higher.
(2) according to process requirements, mode of vibration, the vibration frequency f of Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling are determinedultraAnd amplitude A.
Specifically, including the following contents:
Select the exciting object of ultrasonic vibration: when workpiece size is smaller, exciting workpiece or cutter；When workpiece size is larger
When, Chang Jizhen cutter.
Select the mode of vibration of ultrasonic vibration: it is different according to the technique purpose for applying ultrasonic vibration, select extensional vibration (figure
3), twisting vibration (Fig. 4) or the Hybrid transducer vibration that they are composed.And in the present embodiment, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are illustrated only
The case where ultrasonic vibration mode is extensional vibration.
It selects the vibration parameters of ultrasonic vibration: when working plastic material, preferably selecting lower vibration frequency, biggish vibration
Width；When processing crisp hard material, higher vibration frequency, lesser amplitude are preferably selected.
(3) according to the cutting ability of machined material and the aspect ratio of drilling, determine the tool path pattern for pecking formula drilling under
Knife amount Q；
Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, optional standard pecks brill mode when processed hole depth is smaller, drill bit is shorter.It is processed
Drill bit recycles every time in journey all quickly returns at the R plane away from workpiece surface Z0 certain altitude (in figure " dotted line with the arrow "
Indicate drill bit fast moves mode), then again with selected amount of feeding frCreep into Q depth (" solid line with the arrow " table in figure
Show the drilling mode of drill bit, the practical feeding distance of cutter is Q+d), repeatedly, until being directly processed to designated depth Zh.
As shown in Fig. 2, when processed hole depth is larger, using long serial drill bit when, to improve drilling efficiency, preferably select height
Speed pecks brill mode.Drill bit recycles every time in process all retreats to away from the above d gap location in cutting region, then again with selected feeding
Measure frDrilling Q depth is directly processed to designated depth Zh repeatedly.
It should be noted that the present embodiment only lists, standard pecks brill and high speed pecks the feed sides that two kinds of brill pecks formula drilling
Formula, in concrete practice, tool path pattern further includes the other similar drilling cutters realized by numerically-controlled machine tool itself function
Periodical rollback mode.
Peck about the amount of the cutting Q for pecking formula drilling when the plasticity difficult processing metal such as machining titanium alloy, nickel-base alloy
The main function of driller's skill is to promote chip breaking, accelerates chip removal, can use the biggish amount of cutting Q.When processing ceramic, glass etc. are brittle
Property difficulty machining of non-metallic material when, cutter is usually super hard abrasive frotton, peck driller's skill main function be increase cutting fluid
Cooling and cleaning effect, can use the lesser amount of cutting Q.
(4) according to revolving speed n, the feed of every rotation f determinedr, vibration frequency fultra, amplitude A and the amount of cutting Q, drilling cutters
While carrying out drilling processing according to Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling mode, periodically retract according further to the mode for pecking formula drilling.Also,
Also need in process using outer cold or inner-cooled cutting fluid pouring procedure, to machining area carry out it is cooling, lubricate and clearly
It washes.
Specifically, for the drilling demand of different kinds material, here is two application examples of the invention:
Application example one: the compound drilling processing of titanium alloy ti6al4v
Cutter: diameter is the IZAR6000 PM HSS fluted drill of 3mm；Drilling parameter: workpiece rotational frequency n is 1200r/
Min, feed speed vfFor 36mm/min(vf=n·fr)；Using workpiece extensional vibration, vibration frequency fultraFor 20KHz, amplitude A
2.2,2.8,3.5,4.8 μm are taken respectively；Selection standard pecks brill tool path pattern, and the amount of cutting Q is 1mm；Casting lubrication.
The result shows that: when amplitude is 2.2 and 2.8 μm, the drill thrust that formula drilling is pecked in ultrasonic vibration is respectively less than ultrasonic vibration
Drilling, it is single peck formula drilling and traditional drilling, for axial force than 30% or more traditional drilling reduction, the circularity of inner hole and surface are thick
Rugosity is remarkably improved.
Application example two: the compound drilling processing of optical glass BK7
Cutter: diameter is 4mm electroplated diamond frotton, diamond grit 80#；Drilling parameter: speed of mainshaft n is 3000r/min,
Feed speed vfFor 1mm/min；Using cutter extensional vibration, vibration frequency fultraFor 50kHz, amplitude A takes 1.3 μm；It selects
Standard pecks brill tool path pattern, and the amount of cutting Q is 0.2mm；Casting lubrication.
The result shows that: compared with traditional drilling, ultrasonic vibration pecks formula drilling and substantially reduces aperture chipping size, improves
Bore area quality, and ultrasonic vibration pecks formula drilling and improves 30% or more than the cutter life of single Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling.
Finally it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof；To the greatest extent
Invention is explained in detail referring to preferred embodiments for pipe, it should be understood by those ordinary skilled in the art that: still may be used
To modify to a specific embodiment of the invention or some technical features can be equivalently replaced；Without departing from the present invention
The spirit of technical solution should all cover within the scope of the technical scheme claimed by the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material, is arranged rotary ultrasonic machining device, by ultrasonic vibration on numerically-controlled machine tool
Drilling and peck formula drilling carry out it is compound, to difficult-to-machine material carry out drilling processing comprising following steps:
(1) according to cutting ability, the material of drilling cutters and the specification of machined material, the revolving speed n of drilling processing and every is determined
Turn amount of feeding fr；
(2) according to process requirements, mode of vibration, the vibration frequency f of Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling are determinedultraAnd amplitude A；
(3) according to the cutting ability of machined material and the aspect ratio of drilling, the tool path pattern and the amount of cutting for pecking formula drilling are determined
Q；
(4) according to revolving speed n, the feed of every rotation f determinedr, vibration frequency fultra, amplitude A and the amount of cutting Q, drilling cutters are pressing
While carrying out interior hole machined according to Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling mode, periodically retract according further to the mode for pecking formula drilling.
2. the compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described peck formula drilling refer to plus
During work using the programming of numerically-controlled machine tool itself and motor function realize drill bit retracted from cutting region circulation, become continuous cutting into
The process of interrupted cut；
Its tool path pattern includes: that drill bit recycles every time and returns to the standard of setting position outside hole and peck brill mode and drill bit is each
Circulation only returns at the certain interval of inner hole cutting region, but the high speed outside exit aperture does not peck brill mode.
3. the compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the feed for pecking formula drilling
Mode further includes that alternately standard pecks brill mode and high speed pecks brill mode.
4. the compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described to peck cutting for formula drilling
The numerical value for measuring Q is the feed of every rotation fr30~600 times of numerical value.
5. the compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material according to claim 4, which is characterized in that processed when processing brittle property difficulty
When material, the amount of the cutting Q is less than or equal to 0.2mm, and the brittle property difficult-to-machine material includes glass, ceramics.
6. the compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material according to claim 4, which is characterized in that when working plasticity difficulty processes material
The amount of cutting described in when material is greater than or equal to 1mm；The plasticity difficult-to-machine material includes titanium alloy, nickel-base alloy.
7. the compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling
Mode of vibration includes the extensional vibration of drill bit or workpiece along drill axis, the twisting vibration around drill axis or by longitudinal direction
The Hybrid transducer to be formed vibration is combined in vibration and twisting vibration.
8. the compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material according to claim 7, which is characterized in that when machining titanium alloy, Ni-based
When alloy material, the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration is 16 KHz~30KHz, amplitude is 2 μm~20 μm.
9. the compound drilling process of difficult-to-machine material according to claim 7, which is characterized in that when processing glass, ceramic material
When material, the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration is greater than 30KHz, amplitude less than 5 μm.
10. the compound drilling process of described in any item difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1~9, which is characterized in that it further includes
Using external-cooling type or inner-cooled cutting fluid pouring procedure, machining area is cooled down, lubricated and is cleaned.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN111774605A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-16 | 中船动力有限公司 | Deep hole drilling method on diesel engine frame |
| CN111958029A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-20 | 内蒙古第一机械集团股份有限公司 | Titanium alloy material milling processing method |
| CN112894478A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | Bionic fluctuation trace separation interface lubrication viscosity-increasing type low-damage intermittent cutting method |
| CN114347285A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-04-15 | 重庆臻宝实业有限公司 | Deep and micropore processing method of monocrystalline silicon material |
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| CN112894478B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-02-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | Bionic fluctuation trace separation interface lubrication viscosity-increasing type low-damage intermittent cutting method |
| CN114347285A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-04-15 | 重庆臻宝实业有限公司 | Deep and micropore processing method of monocrystalline silicon material |
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Application publication date: 20191008 |