CN110295912B - Non-explosive efficient excavation method for hard rock large-section tunnel with good integrity in sensitive area - Google Patents
Non-explosive efficient excavation method for hard rock large-section tunnel with good integrity in sensitive area Download PDFInfo
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- CN110295912B CN110295912B CN201910648894.8A CN201910648894A CN110295912B CN 110295912 B CN110295912 B CN 110295912B CN 201910648894 A CN201910648894 A CN 201910648894A CN 110295912 B CN110295912 B CN 110295912B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1053—Making by using boring or cutting machines for making a slit along the perimeter of the tunnel profile, the remaining core being removed subsequently, e.g. by blasting
Abstract
The invention discloses a non-explosive high-efficiency excavation method for a hard rock large-section tunnel with good integrity in a sensitive area, which comprises the following steps of firstly, adopting a core drilling machine to transversely drill at least two rows of holes along the bottom of an upper step of the tunnel to form a free surface with the height h being more than or equal to 20 cm; secondly, coring a circle by using a coring drill along the excavation contour line of the upper step of the tunnel, and embedding 1/4-1/3 in two adjacent holes; thirdly, applying splitting lead holes in the upper step of the tunnel by using a down-the-hole drill, wherein the splitting lead holes are arranged in a quincunx shape; step four, splitting the upper step of the tunnel layer by adopting an impact splitter, and simultaneously removing slag; fifthly, coring along the outlines of the left side and the right side of the tunnel lower step by adopting a coring drill; sixthly, vertically cutting the lower step of the tunnel by adopting a double-disc saw once every 80-120 cm; and seventhly, chiseling and excavating by adopting a breaking hammer. The method is specially used for non-explosive efficient excavation of the hard rock large-section tunnel which is shallow in municipal administration, small in plane radius and good in integrity, and is economical, safe and strong in operability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction, in particular to a non-explosive efficient excavation method for a hard rock large-section tunnel in an environment-sensitive area with good integrity.
Background
With the annual rise of motor vehicles in China, underground traffic is constructed in large quantities in large cities, and inevitably passes below dense ground buildings (structures), and the curve radius of a designed circuit plane is small.
The traditional drilling and blasting construction method is greatly influenced by ground buildings, structures, roads, urban traffic, hydrogeology and environmental protection, has high construction risk, high cost and low efficiency, and cannot meet the requirements of safety, low cost and high efficiency of urban tunnel construction.
And only non-explosive construction can be considered for sensitive areas of urban environments. The shield technology belongs to the most advanced construction technology of non-explosive excavation of tunnels at home and abroad at present, but the tunnel construction with shallow municipal administration and small plane radius cannot be carried out; the hydraulic hammer, static blasting and expanding agent non-blasting construction cost is high, the efficiency is low, and the progress requirement cannot be met; the construction progress of the cantilever excavator basically meets the progress requirement, the dust treatment cost is too high, no good method is provided at present, high-concentration dust has great harm to operating personnel, and other procedures are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The non-explosive efficient excavation technology with economy, safety and strong operability is provided for the hard rock large-section tunnel which is shallow in municipal administration and small in plane radius, construction safety and quality can be guaranteed, construction progress can be accelerated, a good environment is provided for operation in the tunnel, the problem of non-explosive construction of urban tunnel engineering is solved, and the non-explosive efficient excavation technology plays a greater role in development and progress of urban underground traffic engineering.
Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a non-explosive efficient excavation method for a hard rock large-section tunnel with good integrity in a sensitive area comprises the following steps:
step one, adopting a core drilling machine to drill at least two rows of holes transversely along the bottom of an upper step of a tunnel so as to ensure that an empty surface with the height h of more than or equal to 20cm is formed at the bottom of the upper step;
secondly, coring a circle by using a coring drill along the excavation contour line of the upper step of the tunnel, and embedding 1/4-1/3 in two adjacent holes;
step three, applying splitting lead holes in the tunnel upper steps by adopting a down-the-hole drill, wherein the splitting lead holes are arranged in a quincunx shape and fully distributed in the tunnel upper steps;
step four, splitting the upper step of the tunnel layer by adopting an impact splitter, and simultaneously removing slag;
fifthly, when the upper step of the tunnel is constructed to meet the step pitch requirement of the lower step, a core drill is adopted to core along the outlines of the left side and the right side of the lower step of the tunnel;
step six, vertically cutting the lower step of the tunnel by adopting a double-disc saw once every 80-120 cm, so as to vertically divide the rock;
seventhly, chiseling and excavating by adopting a breaking hammer;
wherein, the step one and the step two are not separated in sequence.
The invention adopts a comprehensive construction method of coring, splitting and cutting, and is used for processing tunnel excavation with large section, shallow burying, small plane radius and good surrounding rock integrity. The upper step forms a splitting free face by coring, splitting operation guide holes are arranged according to the surrounding rock structure condition, and splitting is carried out layer by layer; in order to guarantee tunnel excavation shaping effect, combine the smooth surface blasting principle, adopt core drill to bore a row of holes along the excavation profile line, especially transversely bore two at least rows of holes along tunnel upper ledge bottom, core a round along the excavation profile line of tunnel upper ledge, and 1/4 ~ 1/3 are inlayed to two adjacent holes to this guarantees the intact of excavation shaping profile, controls the super short and digs, and for subsequent splitting damping. And (3) vertically drilling a row of holes on two sides of the tunnel by using a core drilling machine as vibration reduction zones, cutting the holes to divide the complete rock into blocks, and excavating by using a breaking hammer.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the slag is removed by using a shovel.
More preferably, in the sixth step, the distance between the two saw blades of the double-blade circular saw is 50cm, and the double-blade circular saw cuts once every 100 cm.
More preferably, in the third step, the pitch of the plum blossom type cleavage lead holes is 120cm × 120 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the environment-friendly and efficient underground excavation construction method is provided for excavation of the hard rock large-section tunnel which is sensitive to the environment, has high construction requirement on a high section and has good surrounding rock integrity, the construction progress is effectively promoted, meanwhile, dust is greatly reduced, the air quality of a limited operation space is effectively guaranteed, a good construction environment is provided for operators, meanwhile, safe and efficient construction can be realized, and the performance requirements are met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the inventive excavation.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the non-explosive high-efficiency excavation method for the hard rock large-section tunnel with good integrity in the sensitive area comprises the following steps:
step one, adopting a core drilling machine to drill at least two rows of holes transversely along the bottom of the upper step of the tunnel so as to ensure that an empty surface with the height h more than or equal to 20cm is formed at the bottom of the upper step.
The tunnel is divided into an upper step and a lower step, excavation construction is respectively carried out, the upper step is constructed firstly, and then the lower step is constructed. During specific construction, two rows of holes are transversely drilled at the bottom of the upper step, the diameter of each hole is 15cm, and a blank surface with the height of 30cm is formed to ensure the splitting effect in the later stage.
And step two, a core drill is adopted to core a circle along the excavation contour line of the tunnel upper step, and 1/4-1/3 are inlaid in two adjacent holes. The mode of embedding, drilling and coring is adopted, and the purpose is to reduce vibration and control overbreak.
Wherein, the step one and the step two are not separated in sequence. Preferably, step two is performed simultaneously with step one.
And step three, applying splitting lead holes in the tunnel upper steps by adopting a down-the-hole drill, wherein the splitting lead holes are arranged in a quincunx shape and fully distributed on the tunnel upper steps. As shown in fig. 1, the separation distance of the cleavage lead holes is 120cm × 120 cm.
And step four, splitting the upper step of the tunnel layer by adopting an impact splitter, and simultaneously removing slag. The impact splitter is high in splitting efficiency. Preferably, the slag is removed using a shovel.
And fifthly, starting excavation of the lower step when the construction of the upper step of the tunnel meets the step pitch requirement of the construction of the lower step. And the lower step excavation firstly adopts a core drilling machine to core along the outlines of the left side and the right side of the tunnel lower step so as to form a vibration reduction belt and reduce vibration transmission during crushing.
And sixthly, vertically cutting the lower step of the tunnel by adopting a double-disc saw once at a distance of 80-120 cm, so as to vertically divide the rock. In the specific implementation, the distance between two saw blades of the double-blade circular saw is 50cm, and the cutting is carried out once every 100 cm.
And seventhly, chiseling and excavating by adopting a breaking hammer.
Claims (3)
1. The non-explosive efficient excavation method for the hard rock large-section tunnel with good integrity in the sensitive area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, adopting a core drilling machine to drill at least two rows of holes transversely along the bottom of an upper step of a tunnel, wherein the diameter of each hole is 15cm so as to ensure that a blank surface with the height of 30cm is formed at the bottom of the upper step;
secondly, coring a circle by using a coring drill along the excavation contour line of the upper step of the tunnel, and embedding 1/4-1/3 in two adjacent holes;
step three, applying splitting lead holes in the upper steps of the tunnel by adopting a down-the-hole drill, wherein the splitting lead holes are arranged in a quincunx shape and are fully distributed on the upper steps of the tunnel, and the distance between the quincunx splitting lead holes is 120cm multiplied by 120 cm;
step four, splitting the upper step of the tunnel layer by adopting an impact splitter, and simultaneously removing slag;
fifthly, when the upper step of the tunnel is constructed to meet the step pitch requirement of the lower step, a core drill is adopted to core along the outlines of the left side and the right side of the lower step of the tunnel;
step six, vertically cutting the lower step of the tunnel by adopting a double-disc saw once every 80-120 cm, so as to vertically divide the rock;
seventhly, chiseling and excavating by adopting a breaking hammer;
wherein, the step one and the step two are not separated in sequence.
2. The non-explosive efficient excavation method for the hard rock large-section tunnel with good integrity in the sensitive area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the fourth step, the slag is removed by adopting a digging machine.
3. The non-explosive high-efficiency excavation method for the hard rock large-section tunnel with good integrity in the sensitive area according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the sixth step, the distance between the two saw blades of the double-blade circular saw is 50cm, and the cutting is carried out once every distance of 100 cm.
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| CN110905543A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-03-24 | 中冶交通建设集团有限公司 | Tunnel excavation method |
| CN111593734B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-10-26 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | Shallow tunnel foundation pit enclosure construction method in upper-soft lower-hard stratum |
| CN111878104B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-07-12 | 成都易合元科技有限公司 | Method for cracking and breaking rock |
| CN112096410A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-18 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Full-face laser tunneling system and method combining coring and static fracturing |
| CN112282802B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-12-09 | 山东文登抽水蓄能有限公司 | Large-span underground cavern explosion-free cutting excavation construction method |
| CN113203330B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-07-19 | 山东科技大学 | One-time detonation method for large-section tunnel |
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| KR100323151B1 (en) * | 1999-12-31 | 2002-02-06 | 조영동 | Tunnel blasting method with large empty holes and pre-splitting of circular cut |
| CN104314574B (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2017-01-18 | 福州市规划设计研究院 | Hard rock tunnel non-blasting digging blocking method and construction method |
| CN204152517U (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-02-11 | 福州市规划设计研究院 | A kind of hard rock tunnel non-explosive excavation face partitioned organization |
| CN106014421B (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2017-12-15 | 宁波市交通规划设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of limited rock tunnel excavation method of concussion of blasting |
| JP2018193678A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-12-06 | 株式会社増岡組 | Tunnel drilling method |
| CN109681223A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-26 | 中铁二局集团有限公司 | A kind of hard rock stratum tunnel non-explosive excavation construction method |
| CN109736825A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-05-10 | 中铁三局集团有限公司 | Super hard rock tunnel water drilling cooperates hydraulic splitting excavation construction method |
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