CN112096410A - Full-face laser tunneling system and method combining coring and static fracturing - Google Patents
Full-face laser tunneling system and method combining coring and static fracturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN112096410A CN112096410A CN202010810998.7A CN202010810998A CN112096410A CN 112096410 A CN112096410 A CN 112096410A CN 202010810998 A CN202010810998 A CN 202010810998A CN 112096410 A CN112096410 A CN 112096410A
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- laser
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1073—Making by using boring or cutting machines applying thermal energy, e.g. by projecting flames or hot gases, by laser beams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
Abstract
The invention discloses a full-face laser tunneling system and a full-face laser tunneling method combining coring and static fracturing, wherein the system comprises a laser drilling machine and static fracturing equipment; the laser drilling machine comprises a laser for generating laser beams, a gas auxiliary device and a laser head movement control device, wherein the laser head movement device comprises a laser head, a direction control device for controlling the space movement direction of the laser head and a movable trolley base with adjustable height; the static cracking equipment comprises a hydraulic splitter or a device adopting an expanding agent, and after the static cracking equipment is inserted into a plurality of splitting holes formed in the rock or the expanding agent is filled in the splitting holes, high pressure is generated based on the interior of the rock, and then the rock is crushed. The invention improves the existing tunneling and drilling system by combining a center hole coring and static fracturing method, has simple structure, simple and convenient operation and easy realization of automation, and can effectively improve the working efficiency of related technical personnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser tunneling, in particular to a full-face laser tunneling system and method combining coring and static fracturing.
Background
The laser drilling machine becomes a research hotspot in the drilling field due to the characteristics of high efficiency, low pollution, easy automation and the like, but is influenced by the development of a high-power laser, and is applied to actual adit or tunnel tunneling for a long time, so that the corresponding drilling process is lacked. The method can fully utilize the flexibility and rapidity of hole forming of a laser drilling machine along a complex track, and can greatly improve the removal rate of rock and soil on a tunneling surface by combining a decompression splitting process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a full-section laser tunneling system and method combining coring and static fracturing aiming at the defect of low rock and soil removal rate of a tunneling surface in the prior art.
The first aspect of the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the technical problems: a full-face laser tunneling system combining coring and static fracturing comprises a laser drilling machine and static fracturing equipment;
the laser drilling machine comprises a laser for generating laser beams, a gas auxiliary device and a laser head movement control device, wherein the laser head movement device comprises a laser head, a direction control device for controlling the space movement direction of the laser head and a movable trolley base with adjustable height;
the static cracking equipment comprises a hydraulic splitter or a device adopting an expanding agent, and after the static cracking equipment splitting gun is inserted into a plurality of splitting holes formed in the rock or filled with the expanding agent, high pressure is generated based on the interior of the rock, and then the rock is crushed.
In another aspect of the present invention, a full-face laser tunneling method using a full-face laser tunneling system combining coring and static fracturing disclosed in the first aspect of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, determining a digging area, and setting laser process and auxiliary gas process parameters;
s2, planning a moving path of the direction control device;
s3, starting a laser drilling machine, after the laser head receives laser beams and irradiates a specified tunneling surface along a previously planned moving path under the action of a direction control device, taking out the cut rock core by adopting a center hole coring method to form a center hole, and taking the center hole as a free surface;
s4, drilling a plurality of cleavage holes along the edge of the underground wall by adopting a static cracking method;
s5: inserting a splitting gun of a hydraulic splitting machine into the splitting hole, or filling an expanding agent into the splitting hole to generate high pressure in the rock so as to break the rock;
s6: repeating the step S3 to the step S5, and forming the adit or the tunnel after tunneling layer by layer in sequence
The implementation of the full-face laser tunneling system and the full-face laser tunneling method combining coring and static fracturing has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method is designed according to the tunneling characteristics of the laser drilling machine, and the assistance is realized early when the laser drilling machine is applied to adit or tunnel tunneling;
2. the free face can be flexibly created, and the shape diversification of the free face can be realized;
3. the laser has little influence on the stratum when melting and gasifying the rock, and the splitting efficiency of the rock is effectively improved by utilizing a static cracking method.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a combined coring and static fracturing full face laser excavation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of coring a center hole under a full-face laser tunneling method combining coring and static fracturing in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 3 is a profile of a cleavage hole formed in rock.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a full-face laser tunneling system combining coring and static fracturing, which comprises a laser drilling machine and static fracturing equipment, wherein the laser drilling machine is connected with the static fracturing equipment; wherein:
the laser drilling machine comprises a laser for generating laser beams, a gas auxiliary device and a laser head movement control device, wherein the laser head movement device comprises a laser head, a direction control device for controlling the space movement direction of the laser head and a movable trolley base with adjustable height; in order to achieve a long-distance transmission of the laser beam, in this embodiment the laser is connected to the laser head by means of an optical fiber, wherein the laser beam generated by the laser is transmitted to the laser head via the optical fiber.
It should be noted that, in order to control the spatial movement direction of the laser head, in this embodiment, it is considered to use a mechanical arm or a sliding table to achieve the above technical effects, the laser head is installed at the end of the mechanical arm terminal or the sliding table, and the mechanical arm or the sliding rail is installed on the height-adjustable base of the mobile cart.
The static cracking equipment comprises a hydraulic splitter or a device adopting an expanding agent, and after a static cracking equipment splitting gun is inserted into a plurality of splitting holes formed in the rock or the expanding agent is filled in the splitting holes, the rock is further crushed based on high pressure generated in the rock.
In order to realize the discharge of products in the laser drilling, the laser drilling machine of the embodiment further comprises a gas circulation system and related auxiliary devices; wherein:
the gas generation circulating system is used for cleaning holes; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the gas generating circulation system comprises a gas pipeline, a gas nozzle, a gas generating device and a gas path system, wherein the gas generating device is connected to the gas nozzle through the gas pipeline; when the gas generating device generates compressed gas and the generated compressed gas is conveyed to the gas nozzle through the gas pipeline, high-pressure circulating gas is conveyed to the laser drilling hole through the gas path system, so that the laser drilling product is discharged out of the hole;
the associated auxiliary device comprises a man-machine safety auxiliary device.
Referring to fig. 1, another embodiment of the present invention is a flowchart of an embodiment of a full-face laser tunneling method combining coring and static fracturing, which includes the following steps:
s100, determining a mining area, and setting technological parameters of laser and auxiliary gas;
it should be noted that the set laser and assist gas process parameters include, but are not limited to, the following:
laser energy density, spot size, irradiation distance, irradiation time, purge gas type, and flow rate/pressure.
S200, planning a moving path of the direction control device;
specifically, the movement path of the direction planning control device is a movement track of the mechanical arm terminal or the end of the slide rail, and the specific movement track includes an initial position, a movement speed, and the number of repetitions of movement along the track.
And S300, starting a laser drilling machine, after the laser head receives the laser beam and irradiates a specified tunneling surface along a previously planned moving path, taking out the cut rock core by adopting a center hole coring method to form a center hole, and taking the center hole as an empty surface.
The center hole coring is to use the movement of a laser head to enable a laser beam to irradiate the rock along a circular track, then melt or gasify the rock, take out the melt or rock debris from the bottom of the hole through purge gas to form a circular cutting seam, and take out the cut core, thus finishing the blank face of the static fracture technology.
For the slit depth and slit width obtained by cutting, the present embodiment is determined based on the following rules:
1. the depth of the slit obtained by coring and cutting based on the center hole can be realized by prolonging the irradiation time of the laser and setting the repeated irradiation times of the laser.
2. The width of the slit obtained by coring and cutting based on the central hole can be determined by the diameter of a laser spot, and the width of the slit can be widened or reduced by enlarging or reducing the motion track of the laser.
However, the manner in which the core is removed is not limited to the following:
1. taking out by changing the motion direction of the laser head;
2. taking out by the traditional coring method.
S400, drilling a plurality of splitting holes along the edge of the underground wall; referring to fig. 3, the black body indicated by "1" in fig. 3 is the position where the center hole is located, and the black body indicated by "2" is the position where the splitting hole is located, and it should be noted that the size of each splitting hole is kept consistent.
Referring to fig. 2, which is a flowchart of a method for coring a central hole of a full-face laser tunneling method combining coring and static fracturing, the implementation of step S400 specifically includes the following sub-steps:
s410, drilling a plurality of split holes in the tunneling surface; wherein:
the number of the cleavage holes is quantitatively set according to the size of the arch-shaped section, the drillability of the rock stratum and the transport capacity.
And S420, breaking, melting and gasifying rock by using laser irradiation and/or drilling a split hole by using a rotary drilling method.
S500: a splitting gun is inserted into each splitting hole or filled with an expanding agent, and high pressure is generated inside the rock so as to break the rock;
the splitting holes are distributed along the edge of the underground cave wall and the inside of the tunneling surface, the rock can be split into an arched section along the section of the underground cave or the tunnel, and the split rock is small and convenient to transport; the number of the splitting holes needs to comprehensively consider factors such as the size of a section, the drillability of a rock stratum, the capacity of a splitter, the transportation capacity and the like.
S600: and repeating the steps S300-S500, and forming the adit or the tunnel after tunneling layer by layer.
When the laser drilling machine is used for tunneling a adit or a tunnel in a full section, high-power laser emitted by a laser drill bit is used for instantly melting gasified rock, so that a ring-shaped cutting slit is formed after the laser drill bit moves for a circle under the condition of circular movement, then a ring-cut rock core is taken out, a ring of splitting holes are arranged along the edge of the adit wall, or some splitting holes can be arranged in the adit or the tunnel, and the rock can be split into small rock blocks after a splitting gun is placed into the splitting holes or an expanding agent is filled in the splitting holes, so that the rock breaking speed is increased, and the rock can be conveniently removed from the hole to the outside of the hole.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A full-face laser tunneling system combining coring and static fracturing is characterized by comprising a laser drilling machine and static fracturing equipment;
the laser drilling machine comprises a laser for generating laser beams, a gas auxiliary device and a laser head movement control device, wherein the laser head movement device comprises a laser head, a direction control device for controlling the space movement direction of the laser head and a movable trolley base with adjustable height;
the static cracking equipment comprises a hydraulic splitter or a device adopting an expanding agent, and after the static cracking equipment is inserted into a plurality of splitting holes formed in the rock or the expanding agent is filled in the splitting holes, the rock is further crushed based on high pressure generated in the rock.
2. A combined coring and static fracturing full face laser excavation system according to claim 1, wherein the direction control means may be a robotic arm or a skid.
3. The combined coring and static fracturing full face laser boring system of claim 2, wherein the laser head is mounted at the end of a mechanical arm or at the end of a slide rail; the mechanical arm or the slide rail is arranged on a movable trolley base with adjustable height.
4. A combined coring and static fracturing full face laser excavation system according to claim 1, wherein the laser is connected to the laser head by an optical fiber, the laser beam generated being transmitted to the laser head via the optical fiber.
5. A combined coring and static fracturing full face laser excavation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser drilling rig further comprises a gas circulation system and associated auxiliary devices;
the gas generation circulating system is used for cleaning holes;
the gas generation circulating system comprises a gas pipeline, a gas nozzle and a gas generation device, and the gas generation device is connected to the gas nozzle through the gas pipeline; the gas nozzle is arranged around the laser drill bit; when the gas generating device generates compressed gas and transmits the compressed gas to the gas nozzle through the gas pipeline, high-pressure circulating gas is transmitted to the laser drilling hole through a gas path system in the gas generating circulating system, so that a laser drilling product is discharged out of the hole;
the associated auxiliary device comprises a man-machine safety auxiliary device.
6. A full face laser excavation method using the full face laser excavation system combining coring and static fracturing as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1, determining a digging area, and setting laser process and auxiliary gas process parameters;
s2, planning a moving path of the direction control device;
s3, starting a laser drilling machine, after the laser head receives laser beams and irradiates a specified tunneling surface along a previously planned moving path under the action of a direction control device, taking out the cut rock core by adopting a center hole coring method to form a center hole, and taking the center hole as a free surface;
s4, drilling a plurality of cleavage holes along the edge of the underground wall by adopting a static cracking method;
s5: inserting a splitting gun of a hydraulic splitting machine into the splitting hole, or filling an expanding agent into the splitting hole to generate high pressure in the rock so as to break the rock;
s6: and (5) repeating the step (S3) to the step (S5), and forming the adit or the tunnel after the layer-by-layer tunneling is carried out in sequence.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the moving path comprises a control start position, a control end position, a control moving speed and a repetition number of the movement along a preset moving track of the laser drill bit in step S2.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the step S4 further comprises:
s41, drilling a plurality of split holes in the driving face; wherein:
the number of the cleavage holes is quantitatively set according to the size of the arched section, the drillability of the rock stratum and the transport capacity;
and S42, breaking, melting rock, gasifying rock and/or drilling a split hole by using a rotary drilling method.
9. The full-face laser tunneling method combining coring and static fracturing as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method of coring with a center hole in step S3 is characterized in that the method of coring with a center hole after the ring-cut core is removed to form a center hole specifically comprises:
s31, irradiating the rock along the planned moving path by using a laser beam to melt or gasify the rock;
s32, carrying out the melt or the rock debris from the bottom of the hole through the purging gas to form a circular cutting seam;
s33, taking out the core cut out by the ring to form a central hole; wherein:
the method comprises the following steps of: the ablation direction of the laser head is changed.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the depth of the circular slot to be formed is set by extending the irradiation time or number of laser beams;
the width of the formed circular slot is determined by the diameter of the laser spot on one hand, and the width of the circular slot is widened or reduced by enlarging or reducing the motion track of the laser on the other hand.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010810998.7A CN112096410A (en) | 2020-08-13 | 2020-08-13 | Full-face laser tunneling system and method combining coring and static fracturing |
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| CN202010810998.7A CN112096410A (en) | 2020-08-13 | 2020-08-13 | Full-face laser tunneling system and method combining coring and static fracturing |
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| CN111058763A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-24 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Laser drilling rock breaking device and method |
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2020
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| CN102392650A (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2012-03-28 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | Non-explosive tunnel excavation construction method |
| CN103790515A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-14 | 中国石油大学(北京) | New method for radial well drilling by means of laser |
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Application publication date: 20201218 |