JP4537113B2 - Ground excavation equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a ground excavation apparatus for irradiating a laser beam to melt the ground and dig a hole.

Conventionally, for example, a technique described in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-118185) is known for this type of ground excavation apparatus.
As shown in FIG. 5, this ground excavation apparatus irradiates the rock in front of the cutter bit 102 with the laser beam 101 by the laser beam irradiation means 100, and this portion becomes the high heat portion 103 and the embrittlement portion 104. The central high heat portion 103 is thermally deformed, expanded, and vaporized to form dross (melted and vaporized portion) 105, and the dross 105 and the embrittled portion 104 are pulverized by the cutter bit 102, and further compressed outside the figure. The compressed air 106 is ejected into the rock through the hollow rod 107 by the air supply means, and the crushed dross 105 and the like are discharged rearward along the outer peripheral wall 108 of the hollow rod 107 together with the compressed air 106.

JP-A-5-118185

By the way, in the conventional ground excavation apparatus, since cutting is performed by rotating the cutter bit 102, power transmission for the cutter is necessary, and therefore it is impossible to dig a long distance (deeply). There was a problem. For example, it is not possible to cope with a depth of 1000 m.
In addition, the crushed bedrock and dissolved matter are discharged rearward together with the compressed air 106 along the outer peripheral wall 108 of the hollow rod 107. If the diameter of the hole is large, for example, the diameter becomes 5 m, the pressure is low. Therefore, there was a problem that the melt could not be discharged, and even in this respect, the distance could not be digged long (deep).

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a ground excavation apparatus that can dig a relatively long hole with a long (deep) hole distance.

  The technical means of the present invention for achieving such an object includes a sealing means for sealing a hole to be drilled in a ground drilling apparatus for digging a hole by irradiating a laser beam to melt the ground. A laser beam irradiating means for irradiating a laser beam toward the bottom surface of the hole sealed and pierced by the sealing means, and a pipe for ejecting the melted material which is inserted into the sealed hole and melted by the laser beam to the outside It is set as the structure provided with.

  Thereby, when digging a hole, when the laser beam is irradiated from the laser beam irradiation means toward the bottom surface of the hole, the ground on the bottom surface of the hole becomes high temperature, and the soil and rocks of the ground are melted to be dissolved. Thereby, since the inside of the hole is sealed, the inside of the hole becomes a high pressure by this melt, so that the melt is pushed out through the pipe, and the hole is gradually dug. In this case, since the ground is melted and discharged, it is not necessary to dig up soil and rocks one by one, and the hole formation efficiency is extremely improved.

  At this time, since the inside of the hole is at a high pressure, the melt penetrates into the side wall of the drilled hole and solidifies on the side surface of the hole to form a hardened wall body. This eliminates the need to reinforce the side wall of the hole drilled in a separate operation, and the hole formation efficiency is extremely improved. Further, the hardened wall body can suppress the ejection of groundwater and prevent the wall surface of the hole from collapsing.

  And since the melted material melted by the laser beam is ejected outside in the sealed hole, it is not necessary to use a conventional excavating machine with a blade such as a cutter bit. Long (deep) and relatively large hole diameters can be drilled.

  If necessary, the sealing means is formed of a cylindrical concrete cylindrical body formed coaxially with the hole at the entrance of the hole and closed with a closing member. Since it is a concrete cylindrical body, the strength is high, the inside of the hole is securely sealed, and the entrance of the hole is prevented from collapsing during digging.

Moreover, it is set as the structure which provided the said pipe through the said obstruction | occlusion member as needed. It becomes easy to install a pipe.
Further, if necessary, a guide pipe for guiding the pipe is provided on the closing member, and the pipe can be extended by connection according to the distance of a hole through which the pipe is drilled. Since the length of the pipe can be adjusted according to the length (depth) of the distance of the hole to be drilled, it is possible to correspond to the length (depth) of various distances. In particular, when the distance between the holes is long (deep), it becomes easy to cope.

Further, if necessary, the blocking member is formed of a translucent member, and the laser beam irradiation means is provided outside the hole and is provided with a nozzle provided with a nozzle that transmits the laser beam through the translucent member. It consists of a light machine. The laser beam can be reliably irradiated with the hole sealed.
Moreover, the said laser beam irradiation means is comprised with the light transmitter provided with the nozzle which penetrates the said obstruction | occlusion member and transmits a laser beam as needed. Also in this case, the laser beam can be reliably irradiated with the hole sealed.

  In this case, it is effective to provide a plurality of the nozzles around the pipe. Since the laser beam is irradiated from the periphery of the pipe, the ground on the bottom surface of the hole can be evenly dissolved, and the melt can be easily guided to the central pipe, so that the melt can be reliably discharged.

  Furthermore, it is set as the structure provided with the pressurization means which pressurizes the inside of the said sealed hole as needed. In addition to pressurizing the inside of the hole by the melt, the pressurization means can also positively pressurize, so that the melt can be reliably discharged from the pipe, and the hole formation efficiency can be improved. .

  In this case, the pressurizing means is installed outside the hole and a high-pressure air feeder that feeds high-pressure air, and an introduction pipe that introduces high-pressure air from the high-pressure air feeder into the hole. It is effective to be provided with Since the inside of the hole can be pressurized simply by feeding high-pressure air, the pressurization can be easily performed, and the apparatus can be relatively simple and can be easily installed.

According to the ground excavation device of the present invention, the inside of the hole is sealed and the bottom surface of the hole is melted with laser light, so that the inside of the hole can be made high pressure by this melt, and the melt can be pushed out through the pipe and discharged. It is not necessary to dig up soil and rocks one by one, and the hole formation efficiency can be greatly improved. In addition, since the melted material melted by the laser beam is ejected to the outside in the sealed hole, it is not necessary to use a conventional excavating machine with a blade such as a cutter bit. Long (deep) and relatively large hole diameters can be drilled.
Furthermore, since the inside of the hole is at a high pressure, the melt penetrates into the side wall of the drilled hole and solidifies on the side surface of the hole to form a hardened wall body. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform the work of strengthening the side wall of the hole drilled in step 1. In this respect, the hole formation efficiency can be improved. Moreover, the hardened wall body can suppress the ejection of groundwater and can prevent the wall surface of the hole from collapsing.

Hereinafter, a ground excavation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a ground excavation apparatus S according to an embodiment of the present invention.
This ground excavation apparatus S irradiates the laser beam 1 and melts the ground G to excavate the hole H. The basic structure thereof is a sealing means M for sealing the excavated hole H and The laser beam irradiation means R for irradiating the laser beam 1 toward the bottom surface B of the hole H to be sealed and pierced, and the pipe through which the melted material that has been inserted into the sealed hole H and melted by the laser beam 1 is ejected P and pressurizing means K for pressurizing the inside of the sealed hole H are provided.

The sealing means M is formed in a cylindrical concrete cylindrical body 6 which is formed coaxially with the hole H at the entrance of the hole H, the opening 3 is closed with a closing member 4 and a reinforcing material 5 such as a reinforcing bar is embedded inside. It consists of The inside of the cylindrical body 6 is hollow. The cylindrical body 6 is embedded in advance so that the opening 3 is formed with a diameter of 5 m, for example, and the lower end 7 is located, for example, at a depth of 10 m from the ground surface. An outward flange portion 8 is provided at the lower end 7 of the cylindrical body 6, and stability with respect to the ground G is achieved.
Further, the closing member 4 is formed of a translucent member. For example, it is formed of a circular high-temperature resistant glass member having a thickness of about 1.5 m and is fitted into the opening 3 of the cylindrical body 6.

  The laser light irradiation means R is configured by a light transmitter 11 provided with a nozzle 10 that is provided outside the hole H and transmits a laser light 1 through a closing member 4 made of a translucent member. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of nozzles 10 (six in the embodiment) are provided with an equiangular relationship around the central axis of the closing member 4, and the laser beam 1 is irradiated in parallel to the axis of the hole H. To do.

  The pipe P is provided through the center of the closing member 4. A guide tube 12 that guides the pipe P in a slidable manner is fixed to the center of the closing member 4. Since the pipe P is guided by the guide pipe 12, the pipe P can be easily installed. The pipe P and the guide tube 12 are made of a high temperature resistant metal material made of, for example, tungsten (melting point: about 3400 ° C.). The pipe P is formed so that it can be extended by connection according to the distance of the hole H through which the pipe P is drilled. For example, a single pipe Pa (FIG. 3) having a predetermined length is used, and each single pipe Pa can be connected via, for example, screw means (not shown). A plurality of nozzles 10 of the light transmitter 11 are provided around the pipe P.

  The pressurizing means K includes a high-pressure air feeder 13 that is installed outside the hole H and feeds high-pressure air, and an introduction pipe 14 that introduces high-pressure air from the high-pressure air feeder 13 into the hole H. It is prepared for. The outlet portion 14 a of the introduction pipe 14 is provided so as to penetrate the cylindrical body 6, and the introduction pipe 14 on the outlet portion 14 a side is embedded in the ground G on the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical body 6. Reference numeral 15 denotes a check valve provided in the introduction pipe 14, and reference numeral 16 denotes a pressure adjusting pressure reducing valve provided in the introduction pipe 14. Since the high-pressure air feeder 13 is used, the apparatus can be installed relatively easily and easily.

Therefore, for example, when digging the ground G from 1000 m to 3000 m from the ground surface using the digging apparatus S according to this embodiment, first, the tubular body 6 is located at the place where the hole H is dug. Build up. In this case, a hole H having a depth of about 10 m is dug in the ground G with a bulldozer or the like. A concrete cylindrical body 6 is constructed in the hole H by using a mold or the like. Then, the opening 3 of the cylindrical body 6 is closed with the closing member 4, and the guide tube 12 is provided on the closing member 4. Also, a high-pressure air introduction pipe 14 is provided. A high-pressure air feeder 13 is installed and connected to the introduction pipe 14. Further, a light transmitter 11 is installed.
In this case, since the sealing means M is constituted by the concrete cylindrical body 6, the strength is high, the inside of the hole H is reliably sealed, and the entrance of the hole H is prevented from collapsing during digging. .

  In this state, the pipe P is inserted into the guide tube 12 to drive the light transmitter 11 and the high-pressure air feeder 13. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, the laser light 1 emitted from the light transmitter 11 passes through the blocking member 4 and acts on the ground G on the bottom surface B of the hole H. Thereby, the ground G of the bottom surface B of the hole H becomes high temperature, and the soil and the rock of the ground G melt | dissolve into the melt | dissolution material D. And since the inside of the hole H is sealed, since the inside of the hole H becomes high pressure by this melt | dissolution material D, and the high pressure air 20 is supplied from the high pressure air feeder 13, this further increases the pressure. Therefore, the melt D is pushed out through the pipe P, and the hole H is gradually dug. The tip Pb of the pipe P is sequentially inserted up to the melt D on the bottom surface B of the hole H.

  In this case, since the ground G is dissolved and discharged, it is not necessary to dig up soil and rocks one by one, and the formation efficiency of the hole H is extremely improved. Moreover, since the inside of the hole H is pressurized by the melt D, it can be positively pressurized by the pressurizing means K, so that the melt D can be reliably discharged from the pipe P. The formation efficiency of the hole H is improved. Further, since a plurality of nozzles 10 are provided around the pipe P, the laser beam 1 is irradiated from the periphery of the pipe P, and therefore the ground G on the bottom surface B of the hole H can be evenly dissolved. The melt D can be easily guided to the central pipe P, and the melt D can be reliably discharged. Moreover, since the inside of the hole H can be pressurized only by sending in the high pressure air 20, pressurization can be performed easily.

  At this time, since the inside of the hole H becomes a high pressure, the melt D penetrates into the side wall 30 of the drilled hole H, solidifies on the side surface of the hole H, and the hardened wall body 31 is formed. Will be formed. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform the work of strengthening the side wall 30 of the hole H dug by another work, and the formation efficiency of the hole H is extremely improved. Further, the hardened wall body 31 can suppress the ejection of groundwater and prevent the wall surface of the hole H from collapsing.

  Then, if the depth of the pipe is approximately the depth of the single pipe Pa, the next pipe single body Pa is connected to the previous pipe single body Pa, and the tip Pb of the pipe P reaches the melt D on the bottom surface B of the hole H. Extend it. By repeating this operation, the distance of the hole H to be drilled is increased (deeply). In this case, since the length of the pipe P can be adjusted according to the distance length (depth) of the hole H to be drilled, various lengths (depths) can be accommodated. In particular, when the distance of the hole H is long (deep), it becomes easy to cope.

  As described above, since the melt D melted by the laser beam 1 is ejected to the outside in the sealed hole H, it is not necessary to use an excavating machine with a blade such as a cutter bit as in the prior art. In addition, the distance can be long (deep) and the diameter of the hole H can be relatively large. Further, since the inside of the hole H is sealed, the inside of the hole H is pressurized, so that the melt D can be easily discharged. Therefore, also in this respect, the distance can be easily increased (deep) and the hole H The diameter can be drilled relatively large.

  Moreover, the melt | dissolution matter D discharged | emitted outside can be provided for the following, for example. For example, it is formed into a building block. For the molding, a mold or the like is used. At this time, the mold or the like is cooled with cooling water, and heat can be used in various ways using the cooling water heated by this heat exchange.

  Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, this is different from the above embodiment in that the laser beam irradiation means R is constituted by a light transmitter 11 provided with a nozzle 10 that passes through the closing member 4 and transmits the laser beam 1. ing. The closing member 4 is made of concrete. A plurality of nozzles 10 (six in the embodiment) are provided with an equiangular relationship around the central axis of the closing member 4 and irradiate the laser beam 1 parallel to the axis of the hole H. Therefore, the digging apparatus S according to this embodiment also provides the same operations and effects as described above. The nozzle 10 may be configured to be extendable near the tip Pb of the pipe P.

  According to the present invention, since the distance can be long (deep) and the diameter of the hole can be relatively large, it can be used, for example, as a hole for extracting geothermal heat. In this case, for example, water can be injected from the ground, heated in the underground (for example, 1000 to 3000 m), taken out, and used for so-called geothermal power generation. Of course, it can be applied as various tunnels or various holes such as holes for pillars of various structures.

It is a figure which shows the ground excavation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the laser beam irradiation means of the ground excavation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the state of excavation of the ground excavation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the excavation apparatus of the ground which concerns on another embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the conventional ground excavation apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS S Digging device G Ground H Hole M Sealing means R Laser light irradiation means K Pressurization means P Pipe Pa Pipe single-piece | unit Pb Tip 1 Laser light 3 Opening 4 Closure member 5 Reinforcement material 6 Cylindrical body 7 Lower end 8 Butting part 10 Nozzle 11 Light transmitter 12 Guide tube 13 High-pressure air feeder 14 Inlet tube 14a Outlet portion 15 Check valve 16 Pressure reducing valve D Dissolved material 20 High-pressure air 30 Side wall 31 Wall body

Claims (9)

In the excavation device of the ground that irradiates the laser beam and melts the ground to dig a hole,
Sealing means for sealing the hole to be drilled;
Laser light irradiation means for irradiating a laser beam toward the bottom surface of the hole sealed and dug by the sealing means;
A ground excavation apparatus comprising: a pipe that is inserted into the sealed hole and ejects melted material melted by laser light to the outside.   2. The ground according to claim 1, wherein the sealing means is formed of a cylindrical concrete cylindrical body that is formed coaxially with the hole at the entrance of the hole and whose opening is closed with a closing member. Drilling device.   The ground excavation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the pipe is provided through the blocking member.   The ground excavation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a guide pipe for guiding the pipe is provided in the closing member, and the pipe can be extended by connection according to a distance of a hole through which the pipe is excavated.   The closing member is formed of a translucent member, and the laser light irradiation means is configured by a light transmitter provided with a nozzle that is provided outside the hole and transmits laser light through the translucent member. The ground excavation apparatus according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized by the above.   5. The ground excavation apparatus according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the laser beam irradiation means comprises a light transmitter provided with a nozzle that passes through the blocking member and transmits a laser beam.   The ground excavation apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a plurality of the nozzles are provided around the pipe.   8. The ground excavation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising pressurizing means for pressurizing the inside of the sealed hole.   The pressurizing means includes a high-pressure air feeder that is installed outside the hole and feeds high-pressure air, and an introduction pipe that introduces high-pressure air from the high-pressure air feeder into the hole. 9. The ground excavation apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the ground excavation apparatus is configured.

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