CN111878104B - Method for cracking and breaking rock - Google Patents
Method for cracking and breaking rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN111878104B CN111878104B CN202010708486.XA CN202010708486A CN111878104B CN 111878104 B CN111878104 B CN 111878104B CN 202010708486 A CN202010708486 A CN 202010708486A CN 111878104 B CN111878104 B CN 111878104B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 hammering Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1053—Making by using boring or cutting machines for making a slit along the perimeter of the tunnel profile, the remaining core being removed subsequently, e.g. by blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cracking and breaking rock, which comprises the following steps: drawing a seam making indicating line below the single free surface; drilling and forming a crack along the indication line to form a crack free face; drilling holes at intervals above the blank surface; using machines such as hydraulic fracturing and splitting rods to perform spalling and cleaning on the rock; cleaning the falling stone blocks; repeating the steps from S3 to S5, and gradually enlarging the hollow surface; and after the edge is reached, drilling the hole on the edge to burst. The invention solves the defects of low efficiency, high noise and much dust in hammering rock breaking, and can apply the characteristic that the tensile capacity of the rock is smaller than the compression capacity after a crack breaking rock is built in the rock, thereby saving the labor and breaking the rock with low power consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnels, in particular to a method for cracking and breaking rocks.
Background
In various operations such as mining, tunneling, tunnel construction and the like, the whole rock is often faced, the operation of hollowing is carried out in the mountain, the construction is very difficult because of no scarfing face relative to the crushing direction, the common construction method has technical means such as explosive, hammering, rock drilling, spalling and the like, the hammering rock drilling method has the defects of low efficiency, high noise and much dust, and the efficiency is lower to the utmost when hard rock is encountered. In other methods, a high-altitude surface is artificially manufactured in the construction process to complete subsequent work, the joint manufacturing process is work with a high construction technology, and generally drilling and joint manufacturing are easy to penetrate through a drill hole, so that the joint is discontinuous, and difficulty is brought to the subsequent work. The method solves the problem of seam formation, and simultaneously realizes the fracture of the rock by adopting a simple construction method.
Because the rock has the characteristic that the compressive capacity is far greater than the tensile capacity, the rock is easier to crack from the inner expansion than from the outer hammering, but the rock cracking is performed by utilizing the characteristic of the rock, at least two blank surfaces are needed, and in the tunnel construction environment which generally only has a tunnel cross section as only one blank surface, a crack-forming rock mode is invented: and drilling holes to form a narrow elongated small clearance surface perpendicular to the cross section of the tunnel, and performing rock spalling separation by using a hydraulic fracture technology. Can obviously improve the working environment of workers and reduce dust noise pollution.
An effective solution to the problems in the related art has not been proposed yet.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems in the related art, the present invention provides a method for perforating and breaking rock, which can solve the above problems.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method of perforating rock comprising the steps of:
s1, drawing a seam making indicating line below the single free surface;
s2, drilling and seam forming along the indicating line to form a seam face;
s3 drilling holes at intervals above the blank surface;
s4, using hydraulic cracking and splitting rod to crack and clean the rock;
s5, cleaning out falling stones;
s6 repeating the steps from S3 to S5, and gradually enlarging the hollow surface;
and S7, after reaching the edge, drilling the hole at the edge to burst.
Further, the S2 drilling and seam making along the indication line, and the forming of the crack facing surface specifically includes:
s21, punching a first hole at a proper position on the single face;
s22, after a hole is drilled, placing an iron pipe or a steel pipe with the same aperture as the hole in the hole to prevent the drill from sliding to the first hole to form a required narrow slit due to stress;
s23, next to the first hole, placing a drill bit to drill a second hole; and so on to form a continuous narrow slit.
Further, the S2 drilling and seam making along the indication line, and the forming of the crack facing surface specifically includes:
s21, punching a row of holes at an interval of about 5cm by selecting a proper position and a proper seam forming direction;
s22 placing a triangular or T-shaped steel device and a bursting device in the hole, wherein the sharp corner of the triangular or T-shaped steel device points to the direction needing to be extruded and split;
and S23, starting to perform spalling to form a narrow gap face, and taking out the spaller and the triangular steel after spalling to start the whole rock spalling.
Further, the seam indication line in the step S1 is in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction.
Further, the spacing distance of the spacing drill holes in the S3 is 3-8 times of the distance of the hole diameter.
Furthermore, when the seam is smaller in the S4, the drilling distance can be shortened for convenient cleaning, so that the broken rock is smaller and easier to clean.
Further, in S7, a guide line may be manually drilled to make the burst edge more flat.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention solves the problem that the original drilling and seam making have high requirements on a drilling machine and operators, because the original drilling and seam making are implemented according to the diameter of the drill bit as the pitch, and because the newly drilled hole is close to the drilled hole, the drill bit is easy to deviate, so that the individual drilling fails and the seam making is not ideal.
2. The invention solves the defects of low efficiency, high noise and much dust in hammering rock breaking, and can apply the characteristic that the tensile capacity of the rock is smaller than the compression capacity after a crack breaking rock is built in the rock, thereby saving the labor and breaking the rock with low power consumption.
3. The rock after spalling has small volume and mass, can be used for making seams with different sizes as required, and is convenient for construction.
4. After the crack is formed, the empty facing surfaces are formed, and after a single empty facing surface is changed into two empty facing surfaces, a drilling and rock cracking mode can be adopted, more mechanical rock cracking devices can be selected, and the crack is not limited to large-scale impact devices such as a breaking hammer rock drill and the like.
5. By using the method, equipment such as water fracturing and the like can be utilized, the rock fracturing efficiency is improved, and the manual strength is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a first schematic view of step S1 showing a seam indicator line;
FIG. 2 is a first schematic view of the crack free face of step S2;
FIG. 3 is a first schematic diagram of step S6;
FIG. 5 is a second schematic diagram of step S7;
FIG. 6 is a second schematic view of step S1 showing a seam indicator line;
FIG. 7 is a second schematic view of the crack free face of step S2;
FIG. 8 is a second schematic diagram of step S6;
FIG. 10 is a second schematic view of step S7;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of step S201;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of step S202;
fig. 13 is a schematic view of step S203;
fig. 14 is a schematic view of step S211;
fig. 15 is a schematic view of step S212;
fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of step S213.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Scheme a transverse seam making downward splitting method:
s1: drawing a seam indicator line below the single free face (as in figure 1);
s2: drilling and forming a crack along the indicating line to form a crack face in the shape of the figure 2;
s3: drilling holes at a proper distance above the blank surface, wherein the distance is generally set to be 3-8 times of the aperture;
s4: rock can be burst and cleaned by using machines such as hydraulic fracturing and splitting rods, when the seam is small, the drilling distance can be shortened for convenient cleaning, and burst and broken rock can be smaller and can be cleaned more easily;
s5: cleaning the falling stone blocks;
s6: repeating the third to fifth steps to gradually form a large hollow effect of the type shown in fig. 3 and 4;
s7: after the edge is reached, the hole is drilled to the edge (see figure 5) and if necessary a guide line is drilled manually to make the fractured edge more even.
Scheme B middle seam making extrusion splitting method:
s1: a seam indicator line is drawn below the single free face (as in figure 6),
s2: drilling holes along the indicating lines to form crack free faces in the shape of the figure 7;
s3: drilling holes at proper distances on two sides of the blank surface, wherein the distances are generally set to be 3-8 times of the aperture;
s4: when the seam is small, the distance of the drill hole can be reduced for the convenience of cleaning, and the broken rock is smaller and is easier to clean;
s5: cleaning the falling stone blocks;
s6: repeating the third to fifth steps to gradually form a large hollow effect of the type shown in fig. 8 and 9;
s7: after the edge is reached, the hole is drilled at the edge to burst (see figure 10) and if necessary a guide line is drilled manually to make the burst edge more even.
In the same way, the drill seam can be transversely arranged in the middle of the rock, and the rock can be crushed and cracked in the up-and-down direction.
The method for making the seam comprises the following steps:
when a crack and rock forming method is applied, the crack is wider and larger as much as possible, and in the process of drilling and forming the crack, a drill bit is easy to deflect due to stress influence to cause crack forming failure. Aiming at the situation, two seam forming methods are invented, wherein the method comprises the steps of continuously drilling to form a seam, and continuously drilling to form a communicated narrow seam; method two intermittent drilling and seam making method.
The seam making method comprises the following steps: continuous drilling and seam making method
S201: a first hole is punched in a single blank surface at a selected location, as shown in fig. 11.
S202: after a hole is drilled, placing an iron pipe or a steel pipe with the same aperture as the hole in the hole to prevent the drill bit from sliding to the first hole to form a required narrow gap due to stress;
s203, next to the first hole, placing a drill bit to drill a second hole as shown in FIG. 11; and so on as shown in fig. 12, forming a continuous slot as shown in fig. 13.
And (2) sewing method II: spacing drilling and seam making method
The fracture rock is manufactured at intervals, namely, the hole is discontinuously punched, a certain distance is reserved between the holes, and the punching is more convenient. In the method, because the partitions are arranged among the holes, after control, the partitions need to be eliminated by bursting to form communicated narrow gaps, the bursting device and the triangular or T-shaped steel device need to be used as tools, the triangular or T-shaped steel device and the bursting device are arranged in the holes, the triangle faces to the direction needing to be extruded, the bursting device expands and extrudes the triangular iron, and the triangular or T-shaped steel device transmits the expansion energy to the spaced rocks to extrude the rocks so as to achieve the effect of cracking the spaced rocks. The specific method comprises the following steps:
s211: selecting a proper position and a proper seam making direction, and punching a row of holes at an interval of about 0.2-0.5 times of the aperture;
s212: placing a triangular or T-shaped steel device and a bursting device in the hole, wherein the sharp corner of the triangular or T-shaped steel device points to the direction needing extrusion splitting, as shown in a one-way splitting schematic diagram of FIG. 14; FIG. 15 is a schematic representation of a bi-directional split;
s213: and starting the machine to perform spalling, so that a narrow gap face can be formed, as shown in fig. 16. And after the spalling, taking out the spalling device and the triangular steel to start the integral rock spalling.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A method of perforating a rock comprising the steps of:
s1, drawing a seam making indicating line below the single free surface;
s2, drilling and seam forming along the indication line to form a seam facing surface, which specifically comprises:
s201, punching a first hole in a proper position on a single face;
s202, after a hole is drilled, placing an iron pipe or a steel pipe with the same aperture as the hole in the hole to prevent the drill from sliding to the first hole to form a required narrow gap due to stress;
s203, next to the first hole, placing a drill bit to drill a second hole; so that a continuous narrow slit is formed;
s3 drilling holes at intervals above the blank face;
s4, using a hydraulic fracturing and splitting rod to perform spalling and cleaning on the rock;
s5, cleaning out falling stones;
s6 repeating the steps from S3 to S5, and gradually enlarging the hollow surface;
and S7, after reaching the edge, drilling the hole on the edge to burst.
2. The method for fracturing and breaking rock according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 of drilling and fracturing along the indication line and forming the fracture facing surface specifically comprises the following steps:
s211, selecting a proper position and a proper seam making direction, and punching a row of holes at an interval of about 5 cm;
s212, placing a triangular or T-shaped steel device and a bursting device into the hole, wherein the sharp corner of the triangular or T-shaped steel device points to the direction needing to be extruded and split;
s213, starting the machine for spalling, so that a narrow gap face can be formed, and taking out the spaller and the triangular or T-shaped steel device after spalling to start the integral rock spalling.
3. A method of rock fracturing according to claim 1, wherein the fracture indication line in step S1 is in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction.
4. The method for fracturing and breaking rock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spacing distance of the spacing drill holes in the S3 is 3-8 times the spacing of the hole diameter.
5. A method for fracturing and breaking rock according to claim 1, wherein when the fracture is smaller in S4, the distance between drilled holes can be reduced to facilitate cleaning, so that broken rock is smaller and easier to clean.
6. A method of fracturing rock according to claim 1, wherein a guide line is manually drilled in S7 to make the spalled edge more even.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010708486.XA CN111878104B (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Method for cracking and breaking rock |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010708486.XA CN111878104B (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Method for cracking and breaking rock |
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| CN111878104A CN111878104A (en) | 2020-11-03 |
| CN111878104B true CN111878104B (en) | 2022-07-12 |
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