CN109522623B - High-strength rock splitting method and splitting device based on weak surface - Google Patents
High-strength rock splitting method and splitting device based on weak surface Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength rock splitting method and a splitting device based on weak planes, wherein the splitting method comprises the following steps: measuring position parameters and size parameters of high-strength rock, coring the high-strength rock to measure the strength of the high-strength rock to obtain rock strength distribution data based on the position parameters, determining at least one weak surface of the rock based on the rock strength distribution data, expanding at least one weak surface to form a generally long-strip-shaped groove, wherein the side wall with smaller strength in the long-strip side wall of the groove is a face surface, the rock breaking direction is perpendicular to the face surface and points at the face surface, and rock breaking holes are arranged in a vertical arrangement along the rock breaking direction, wherein the depth of holes, the distance of holes and the row distance are determined based on the size parameters and the rock strength distribution data, the down-hole drill is used for punching the rock breaking holes based on the rock breaking holes, and a monopole rock breaking column is inserted into the rock breaking holes and enables the rock breaking polar axis to face the face surface to hydraulically push the rock breaking polar axis to split a rock body to be broken between the face surface and the rock breaking holes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock non-blasting cracking, in particular to a high-strength rock cracking method and a cracking device based on weak planes.
Background
Currently, blasting is still the most economical and quick method for breaking rock, but during blasting, harmful effects such as blasting vibration, blasting flyrock, toxic gas and the like can be generated, and when the blasting damages are out of control, the surrounding environment, personnel or equipment of a blasting point can be influenced. In recent years, with the enhancement of self-protection awareness and environmental protection awareness, attention has been paid to blasting hazard, particularly when a blasted area is very close to a building, in order to ensure safety of surrounding buildings, reduce disputes caused by blasting, and some construction units do not use conventional blasting methods, but tend to apply a rock breaking process of non-blasting excavation. These demands have also prompted intensive research into non-blasting rock breaking methods. At present, the non-blasting rock breaking process has been developed for many years, and compared with the traditional blasting method, the non-blasting method has the advantages of high safety, small noise, no pollution and the like. The non-explosive methods commonly used at present are as follows:
the static crushing method adopts static crushing agent to cut marble, granite or to crush various rock, concrete and reinforced concrete structures, and can completely achieve the explosion pollution effects of no flying stone, no noise, no vibration, no toxic gas, etc. The crushing block can completely meet the set requirements and does not damage any surrounding objects, so that the crushing block has great superiority compared with explosive blasting. The static breaker is mainly characterized in that vibration, air shock wave, noise, flying stone, toxic gas and dust can not be generated in the breaking process, and the static breaker is a nuisanceless or less nuisance breaker, is simple and convenient to use, does not need to be filled, and does not need to be connected, conducted and ignited. The main expansion source of the static breaker is calcium oxide, which is mixed with a proper amount of water to generate chemical reaction. When calcium oxide is converted into calcium hydroxide, the crystal is converted from cubic crystal into a complex trigonal triangle, and the conversion of the crystal form can cause the expansion of the volume of the crystal, so that the expansion pressure is slowly applied to the wall of the blast hole. Such expansion pressure, due to the constraint of the blasthole, will cause tensile stresses around the blasthole. For brittle materials, the tensile strength is much smaller than the compressive strength, so the material is easy to break under the action of tensile stress. Tests show that the expansion pressure of the static breaker in the blast hole can reach 30-40Mpa, and the expansion pressure required by radial rupture of soft rock and concrete is less than 10-20Mpa. Therefore, materials such as medium hard rock and concrete can be crushed only by selecting reasonable loading and rupture parameters.
The carbon dioxide cracking device is a high-pressure gas blasting technology, and the high-pressure gas blasting technology is characterized in that the volume of the carbon dioxide is rapidly expanded to generate high pressure when liquid carbon dioxide is gasified by absorbing heat, so that coal (rock) is crushed or cracked. Can be widely applied to various industries such as coal mines, non-coal mines, cement, quarrying and the like. The method is particularly suitable for coal and gas outburst ore and can replace explosive, and can be used for blasting down coal, comprehensive gas control, rock burst control, outburst elimination, top coal weakening, cross cut coal uncovering, tunnel bottom bulging control, coal bin blockage clearing and the like.
The high-frequency breaking hammer is a novel hydraulic engineering device which is mainly applied to breaking of rock, reconstruction projects of old cities and demolition construction of concrete members. In recent years, with the national control of urban noise pollution and the harmfulness of the blasting quarrying method, the high-frequency breaking hammer is rapidly developed by virtue of the flexibility of the operation of the high-frequency breaking hammer, the diversity of carrier equipment and the efficient working efficiency of the carrier equipment.
With the increasing importance of people on environment and safety, the non-blasting rock breaking method has been greatly developed, and compared with the conventional blasting method, the cost of breaking the rock by the non-blasting method is much higher, but the non-blasting rock breaking method is safe, pollution-free and harmless. However, the non-explosive method can only split the rock with the strength lower than 50MPa, and a better construction method is not available for the ultra-high strength rock with the strength exceeding 100 MPa.
The above information disclosed in the background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in the country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-strength rock splitting method and a splitting device based on weak planes, which can split ultrahigh-strength rock with strength exceeding 100MPa, and have the advantages of high construction efficiency, convenient operation, safety and reliability.
Solution to the problem
The present inventors have made intensive studies in order to achieve the above object, and specifically, the present invention provides a weak-surface-based high-strength rock breaking method comprising the steps of:
in a first step, high strength rock position and size parameters are measured, the strength of which is measured for coring of high strength rock to obtain position parameter based rock strength distribution data, at least one weak face of the rock is determined based on the rock strength distribution data, wherein the weak face is a rock area smaller than a predetermined strength,
in the second step, expanding at least one of the weak surfaces to form a substantially elongated groove, wherein a side wall with smaller strength among elongated side walls of the groove is a face surface, the rock breaking direction is perpendicular to and directed to the face surface,
in the third step, rock breaking holes are arranged in a vertical direction along the rock breaking direction, wherein the hole depth, the hole pitch and the row pitch are determined based on the size parameter and the rock strength distribution data, the down-the-hole drill is used for punching the rock breaking holes based on the rock breaking holes to form rock breaking holes,
in the fourth step, a monopolar rock breaking column is inserted into the rock breaking hole, the rock breaking polar shaft faces the temporary surface, and the rock breaking polar shaft is hydraulically pushed to break the rock to be broken between the temporary surface and the rock breaking hole.
The high strength rock in the present invention refers to rock having a strength exceeding 100 MPa.
In the weak face-based high-strength rock splitting method, in the fifth step, the broken rock Kong Quanbu adjacent to the empty face is split through the broken rock polar axis to form a new empty face, and the third step and the fourth step are repeated until the high-strength rock is completely split.
In the high-strength rock splitting method based on the weak plane, in the third step, rock breaking holes are vertically arranged along the rock breaking direction, wherein the hole depth, the hole pitch and the row pitch are determined based on the size parameter and the rock strength distribution data, the rock breaking holes are quincuncially distributed with high-strength rocks, and the down-the-hole drill is used for punching based on the rock breaking holes to form rock breaking holes.
In the method for splitting the high-strength rock based on the weak plane, in the third step, the hole depth is 0.4-0.6 times of the rock depth, and the hole pitch s and the row pitch arel is determined by the following formula: wherein F is the magnitude of the acting force exerted on the rock mass by a single rock breaking polar axis, r is the radius of a rock breaking hole, and +.>The pressure diffusion angle of the rock mass is shown, and sigma is the uniaxial saturated compressive strength of the rock.
In the high-strength rock splitting method based on the weak plane, the rock strength distribution data comprise a rock strength trend graph, and the diameter of the monopole rock breaking column is 92% -98% of the radius r of the rock breaking hole.
In the method for splitting high-strength rock based on the weak plane, the weak plane comprises a karst cave area, a mud-containing interlayer and/or a sand-containing interlayer area on the high-strength rock.
According to another aspect of the invention, a splitting apparatus for carrying out the weak face-based high strength rock splitting method includes,
a measurement unit configured to measure a high strength rock position parameter and a dimension parameter,
an intensity detection unit that generates rock intensity distribution data based on the position parameter,
an excavating unit configured to form a substantially elongated groove based on the weak face expansion,
a drilling unit for drilling a rock breaking hole based on the rock breaking hole,
a splitting unit for splitting high strength rock, the splitting unit comprising,
a hydraulic pressure source for providing power for splitting of the splitting unit,
a monopole rock breaking column inserted into the rock breaking hole is connected with the hydraulic source through an oil pipeline,
a rock breaking polar shaft which is telescopically arranged on the monopole rock breaking column through hydraulic drive, the rock breaking polar shaft faces to the face,
one end of the processing unit is connected with the measuring unit and the strength detecting unit, the other end of the processing unit is connected with the excavating unit, the drilling unit and the splitting unit,
in response to the rock strength distribution data, the processing unit determines at least one weak face of the rock, such that the excavation unit forms a substantially elongate recess based on the expansion of the weak face,
in response to the size parameter and the rock strength distribution data, the processing unit determines the hole position, the hole depth, the hole distance and the row spacing of the rock breaking holes, so that the drilling unit punches rock breaking holes with preset hole depths, hole distances and row spacing based on the rock breaking hole positions,
in response to the rock strength distribution data, the processing unit determines hydraulic forces such that the broken polar axis breaks up the high strength rock.
In the splitting device, the measuring unit comprises GPS navigation equipment, the strength detection unit comprises a drilling machine for coring and a strength measuring unit, the excavating unit comprises a digger, and the drilling unit comprises a down-the-hole drill.
In the splitting device, the hydraulic source comprises a hydraulic oil pump, a supercharger and a controller for controlling hydraulic pressure, and at least six rock breaking polar shafts are longitudinally arranged on one side of the monopole rock breaking column.
In the splitting device, the processing unit comprises a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit ASIC or a field programmable gate array FPGA, and the processing unit comprises a memory, wherein the memory can comprise one or more read-only memories ROM, random access memories RAM, flash memories or electrically erasable programmable read-only memories EEPROM.
The invention has the following characteristics:
the construction is convenient. The common down-the-hole drill is adopted for drilling, so that the drill has the advantages of simple hole forming, flexible application, convenient operation and no special requirement on the skill of operators.
Is safe and reliable. The device simple structure, adopt the quick-witted that digs commonly used can hoist and mount monopole broken rock column, factor of safety is higher in the work progress.
The high-strength rock excavation efficiency is high. Compared with other non-blasting methods (expanding agent, crushing equipment, rope saw, face, flame cutting and water cutting equipment), the method has the advantages of short working procedure cycle period, environment protection, convenient control, high excavation efficiency, low requirement on topography by adopting equipment and suitability for deep foundation pit hard rock excavation engineering with long and narrow space in the process of hard deep foundation pit excavation.
Saving time and reducing hidden trouble. The equipment used by the method is convenient to install and hoist, and compared with the traditional static crushing construction method, the presplitting time can be saved by 5 hours per cycle in the hard rock excavation process. The idle time of small crushing and breaking equipment (hydraulic breaking hammer) caused by long pre-cracking time interval is reduced to a great extent, the utilization rate of the equipment is increased, and the excavation efficiency is improved.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, to the extent that it can be implemented according to the content of the specification by those skilled in the art, and to make the above-mentioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious, the following description is given by way of example of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic step diagram of a weak face-based high strength rock splitting method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a weak-face-based high strength rock splitting method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural view of a weak-face-based high strength rock splitting method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a broken rock hole distribution of a weak-face-based high strength rock splitting method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a method of splitting a weak-face-based high strength rock according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a rock breaking hole site of a high strength rock breaking method based on a weak plane according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing a structure of a splitting apparatus for implementing a weak-face-based high-strength rock splitting method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view showing a splitting unit of a splitting apparatus for implementing a weak-face-based high-strength rock splitting method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. Those of skill in the art will understand that a person may refer to the same component by different names. The description and claims do not identify differences in terms of components, but rather differences in terms of the functionality of the components. As used throughout the specification and claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description hereinafter sets forth a preferred embodiment for practicing the invention, but is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as the description proceeds with reference to the general principles of the description. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the embodiments of the invention, reference will now be made to the drawings of several embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and the accompanying drawings are not to be taken as limiting the embodiments of the invention.
Specifically, the step diagram of the weak-face-based high-strength rock splitting method is shown in fig. 1. The high-strength rock splitting method based on the weak surface comprises the following steps:
in a first step S1, high strength rock position parameters and size parameters are measured, the strength of which is measured for coring a high strength rock to obtain position parameter based rock strength distribution data, and at least one weak face 1 of the rock is determined based on the rock strength distribution data, wherein the weak face is a rock area smaller than a predetermined strength, and fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a weak face based high strength rock splitting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the drawing, at least one weak face 1 of the rock is determined based on the rock strength distribution data on the high strength rock.
In the second step S2, at least one of the weak surfaces 1 is expanded to form a substantially elongated groove 2, the less strong side wall of the elongated side walls of the groove 2 is the temporary surface 3, the rock breaking direction is perpendicular to the temporary surface 3 and directed to the temporary surface 3, as shown in fig. 2, a substantially elongated groove 2 is formed, the less strong side wall of the elongated side walls of the groove 2 is the temporary surface 3,
in a third step S3, rock breaking holes 4 are arranged in a row in a vertical direction to the rock breaking direction, wherein the hole depth, the hole pitch and the row pitch are determined based on the size parameter and the rock strength distribution data, and the down-the-hole drill is used for punching the rock breaking holes based on the rock breaking holes 4, as shown in fig. 2.
In a fourth step S4, a monopolar rock breaking column 5 is inserted into the rock breaking hole and the rock breaking polar axis 6 is made to face the face 3, and the rock breaking polar axis 6 is hydraulically pushed to break the rock mass to be broken between the face 3 and the rock breaking hole. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a weak-face-based high strength rock splitting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown.
To further understand the present invention, in one embodiment, the use of a weak-face-based high strength rock splitting method in a deep foundation pit excavation process at a subway station. Because the geological condition of the station foundation pit is complicated, the rock is hard, the rock strength is 100MPa, the part of the rock strength reaches 130MPa, the rock strength is far beyond the strength range of normal rock, the rock is large in size and high in integrity, the basic quality index (BQ) of the rock is larger than 451 and is close to a high-speed railway, the environmental requirement is high, the excavation period of the station foundation pit is tight in order to meet the construction period requirement, and blasting excavation cannot be adopted. The traditional method for excavating hard rock by using the expanding agent has low excavation efficiency, and crushing equipment (such as a breaking hammer and the like) cannot excavate hard rock, so that a hooking machine, a rope saw and the like can not meet the requirements. The high-strength rock splitting method based on the weak face timely solves the excavation effect of hard rock under the condition that hard rock cannot be blasted, has high excavation efficiency, no vibration and no dust emission, has strong environmental adaptability, saves a great amount of time for the anchor spraying support of the next working procedure, and reduces the potential safety hazard of slope stability caused by long slope brushing time of breaking hammers. The invention has good one-time slope forming quality, and the slope flatness detection result meets the design specification and the range requirement.
In one embodiment of the invention, the empty surface 3 is a boundary surface of free space when the rock mass slides, the trend of the empty surface is controlled by the weak surface 1 of the rock, and the empty surface is a groove formed by mechanically excavating the weak surface 1 of the rock, and is used for releasing the stress of the rock mass in the rock breaking process. The rock breaking hole site area is an area where the rock breaking holes 4 are arranged, and the arrangement direction of the row of holes is parallel to the direction of the free surface. Rock fracture surfaces are formed by cracks formed under the broken rock mass through to the face surface during the rock breaking process. The rock fracture surface formed in the rock breaking process provides conditions for subsequent secondary rock fracture, namely loosening of a loosener and small breaking hammer.
In one embodiment of the invention, hydraulic oil is pressurized by a hydraulic power station to form high-pressure hydraulic oil, and then the high-pressure hydraulic oil is pressurized by a pressurizer to form ultrahigh-pressure hydraulic oil, so that the oil cylinder is driven to form huge thrust to drive the broken polar shaft to expand and crack the rock.
In one embodiment of the invention, the karst is found to have karst cave in the early investigation process, so the karst cave is further cleaned and excavated by adopting machinery, and a weak surface with depth of 3 meters, width of 2 meters and length of more than ten meters is formed. Setting the direction perpendicular to the trend of the free surface 3 as the rock breaking direction, arranging rock breaking holes in a row along the vertical direction of the rock breaking direction,
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of distribution of rock breaking holes of a weak-face-based high-strength rock breaking method according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the depth of the face 3 is 3 m, and the depth of the rock breaking holes is 1.5 m. The pitch of the holes is 600mm, the row pitch is 600mm, the diameter of the holes is 250mm, and the quincuncial layout shown in fig. 4 is adopted. And (5) punching holes by using a down-the-hole drill according to the designed rock breaking hole positions.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a weak-face-based high-strength rock splitting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a single-pole rock breaking column 5 with a diameter of 240mm is lifted from a rock breaking hole position adjacent to a free face, the direction of the rock breaking column 5 is adjusted so that a rock breaking polar shaft 6 is oriented to the free face 3, an ultra-high pressure oil pump station is operated, and ultra-high oil pressure is generated to flow through an oil delivery pipe to form a thrust-driven rock breaking polar shaft 6, and rock is swelled.
Loosening the broken rock by a scarifier, breaking down by a breaking hammer, and then moving out of the field after shipment.
In a preferred embodiment of the weak face-based high strength rock splitting method of the present invention, in the fifth step, the broken rock Kong Quanbu adjacent to the critical surface is split via the broken polar axis to form a new critical surface, and the third step and the fourth step are repeated until the high strength rock is completely split.
In the preferred embodiment of the high-strength rock splitting method based on the weak face, in the third step, rock breaking holes are vertically arranged along the rock breaking direction, wherein the hole depth, the hole pitch and the row pitch are determined based on the size parameter and the rock strength distribution data, the rock breaking holes are plum blossom-shaped and are full of high-strength rock, and the down-the-hole drill is used for punching based on the rock breaking holes to form rock breaking holes.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a broken rock hole site for a weak face-based high strength rock splitting method according to one embodiment of the present invention, in which in a third step the hole depth is 0.4-0.6 times the rock depth, and the hole spacing s, row spacing l is determined by the following formula:wherein F is the magnitude of the acting force exerted on the rock mass by a single rock breaking polar axis, r is the radius of a rock breaking hole, and +.>The pressure diffusion angle of the rock mass is shown, and sigma is the uniaxial saturated compressive strength of the rock.
In a preferred embodiment of the weak-face-based high-strength rock splitting method, the rock strength distribution data comprise a rock strength trend graph, and the diameter of the monopole rock breaking column is 92% -98% of the rock breaking hole radius r.
In a preferred embodiment of the method of splitting high strength rock based on a weak face according to the present invention, the weak face comprises a karst cave region, a mud-bearing interlayer and/or a sand-bearing interlayer region on the high strength rock.
In a preferred embodiment of the weak-face-based high-strength rock splitting method, the method comprises the steps of arranging a temporary face, a temporary face trend, a rock breaking direction, a rock breaking hole site area, a rock breaking hole site arrangement direction and a rock breaking body and a rock splitting face. The free surface is a boundary surface of a free space when the rock body slides, the trend of the free surface is controlled by the weak surface of the rock, and the free surface is a groove formed by mechanically excavating the weak surface of the rock and is used for releasing the stress of the rock body in the rock breaking process. The rock breaking hole site area is an area where rock breaking holes are arranged, the arrangement direction of the row of holes is parallel to the trend of the free surface, and the rock breaking holes are arranged in a plum blossom shape. The rock fracture surface is formed by a crack formed under the broken rock body and penetrating to the free surface during the rock breaking process. The rock fracture surface formed in the rock breaking process provides conditions for subsequent secondary rock fracture, namely loosening of a loosener and small breaking hammer.
In a preferred embodiment of the weak-face-based high-strength rock splitting method of the present invention, the first step is: clearing the surface, arranging the site, surveying the rock condition, measuring the size, depth and coverage area of the rock to be broken, taking the core of the rock to measure the strength, drawing a rock strength trend graph, and searching the rock weakness by the strength trend graph. The weak surface comprises a rock karst cave, a mud-containing interlayer and a sand-containing interlayer. The rock strength around the weak face is smaller than the normal rock part, and the weak rock face is explored according to the weak rock strength part in the rock strength trend chart. Sundries such as broken stones, sediment and the like in the weak surface are cleaned, the weak surface is expanded by an instrument, and the weak surface is trimmed into a strip-shaped groove to form a temporary surface.
And a second step of: and selecting a rock breaking direction according to the trend of the temporary surface. The rock breaking direction is perpendicular to the free surface, and rock breaking holes are arranged in rows along the vertical direction of the rock breaking direction, and the depth, pitch and row pitch of the holes are designed according to the size and strength of the rock.
And a third step of: and (5) punching holes by using a down-the-hole drill according to the designed rock breaking hole positions.
Fourth step: and hoisting a monopole rock breaking column from a rock breaking hole position adjacent to the free surface, adjusting the direction of the rock breaking column to enable a rock breaking polar shaft to face the free surface, operating an ultrahigh-pressure oil pump station, generating ultrahigh oil pressure to flow through an oil delivery pipe to form a thrust driving rock breaking polar shaft, and expanding and cracking rock.
Fifth step: the loosener loosens, the breaking hammer is small, and the machine is transported and cleaned.
In a preferred embodiment of the weak-face-based high-strength rock splitting method of the present invention: the basic quality index (BQ) of the broken rock is larger than 451, namely the basic quality grade of the rock is grade I and grade II. Wherein bq=90+3σ c +250K V ,σ c Is the megaPa value, K of the uniaxial saturated compressive strength of the rock V Is the rock integrity value.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a splitting apparatus for implementing a weak-face-based high-strength rock splitting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, a splitting apparatus for implementing a weak-face-based high-strength rock splitting method comprising,
a measuring unit 7 configured to measure a high strength rock position parameter and a dimension parameter,
an intensity detection unit 8, which generates rock intensity distribution data based on the position parameters,
a digging unit 9 configured to form a substantially elongated groove 2 based on the expansion of the weak face 1,
a drilling unit 10 for drilling a rock breaking hole based on the rock breaking hole position 4,
a splitting unit 11, the splitting unit 11 for splitting high strength rock comprising,
a hydraulic pressure source 12, which provides the power for splitting the splitting unit,
a monopolar rock breaking column 5, the monopolar rock breaking column 5 inserted into the rock breaking hole is connected with the hydraulic pressure source 12 via an oil delivery pipe,
a rock breaking polar shaft 6 which is telescopically arranged on the monopole rock breaking column 5 via hydraulic drive, the rock breaking polar shaft 6 faces the face surface 3,
a processing unit 13, one end of which is connected with the measuring unit 7 and the strength detecting unit 8, the other end of which is connected with the excavating unit 9, the boring unit 10 and the splitting unit 11,
in response to the rock strength distribution data, the processing unit 13 determines at least one weak face 1 of the rock, such that the excavation unit 9 expands based on the weak face 1 to form a substantially elongate recess 2,
in response to the dimensional parameters and the rock strength distribution data, the processing unit 13 determines the hole positions, hole depths, hole pitches and row pitches of the rock breaking holes, so that the drilling unit 10 drills rock breaking holes of predetermined hole depths, hole pitches and row pitches based on the rock breaking hole positions 4,
in response to the rock strength distribution data, the processing unit 13 determines the hydraulic force such that the rock breaking polar axis 6 breaks up the high strength rock.
In a preferred embodiment of the splitting device according to the present invention, fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a splitting unit of the splitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention for implementing a weak-surface-based high-strength rock splitting method, and the splitting unit 11 is composed of a monopolar rock breaking column 5, a rock breaking polar shaft 6, an oil delivery pipe 14 and an ultrahigh-pressure oil pump station 15. The ultra-high pressure oil pump station 15 comprises hydraulic oil, a hydraulic power station and a supercharger, and when in operation, the hydraulic oil is pressurized by the hydraulic power station to form high-pressure hydraulic oil, and then the high-pressure hydraulic oil is pressurized by the supercharger to form ultra-high pressure hydraulic oil, so that the oil cylinder is driven to form huge thrust to drive the broken polar shaft to crack rock.
In a preferred embodiment of the splitting assembly according to the invention, the measuring unit 7 comprises a GPS navigation device, the strength detection unit 8 comprises a drilling machine for coring and a strength measuring unit, the excavation unit comprises a digger, and the drilling unit comprises a down-the-hole drill.
In a preferred embodiment of the splitting assembly according to the present invention, the hydraulic source 12 comprises a hydraulic oil pump, a booster and a controller for controlling the hydraulic pressure, at least six of said breaking polar axes being arranged longitudinally on one side of said monopolar breaking column.
In a preferred embodiment of the splitting assembly according to the invention, the processing unit comprises a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit ASIC or a field programmable gate array FPGA, and the processing unit comprises a memory, which may comprise one or more read only memories ROM, random access memories RAM, flash memories or electrically erasable programmable read only memories EEPROM.
Industrial applicability
The high-strength rock splitting method and the splitting device based on the weak plane can be manufactured and used in the field of non-blasting breaking of rock.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments and application fields, and the above-described specific embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous forms of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A method of high strength rock splitting based on weak facets comprising the steps of:
in a first step, high strength rock position and size parameters are measured, the strength of which is measured for coring of high strength rock to obtain position parameter based rock strength distribution data, at least one weak face of the rock is determined based on the rock strength distribution data, wherein the weak face is a rock area smaller than a predetermined strength,
in the second step, expanding at least one of the weak surfaces to form a substantially elongated groove, wherein the side wall with smaller strength of the elongated side wall of the groove is a face surface, the rock breaking direction is perpendicular to and directed at the face surface,
in the third step, rock breaking holes are arranged in a vertical direction along the rock breaking direction, wherein the hole depth, the hole pitch and the row pitch are determined based on the size parameter and the rock strength distribution data, the down-the-hole drill is used for punching the rock breaking holes based on the rock breaking holes to form rock breaking holes,
in the fourth step, a monopolar rock breaking column is inserted into the rock breaking hole and enables a rock breaking polar shaft (7) to face the surface to be broken, and the rock breaking polar shaft is hydraulically pushed to break the rock to be broken between the surface to be broken and the rock breaking hole.
2. The weak face-based high strength rock splitting method according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the broken rock Kong Quanbu adjacent to the face surface is split via the broken rock polar axis (7) to form a new face surface, and the third and fourth steps are repeated until the high strength rock is completely split.
3. The weak face-based high strength rock splitting method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, rock breaking holes are arranged vertically in a rock breaking direction, wherein the hole depth, the hole pitch and the row pitch are determined based on the size parameter and the rock strength distribution data, the rock breaking holes are quincuncially distributed with high strength rock, and the down-the-hole drill forms rock breaking holes based on the rock breaking holes.
4. The weak face-based high strength rock breaking method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the hole depth is 0.4-0.6 times the rock depth, and the hole pitch s and the row pitch l are determined by the following formula:wherein F is the magnitude of the acting force exerted on the rock mass by a single rock breaking polar axis, r is the radius of a rock breaking hole, and +.>The pressure diffusion angle of the rock mass is shown, and sigma is the uniaxial saturated compressive strength of the rock.
5. The weak face-based high strength rock breaking method according to claim 1, wherein the rock strength distribution data comprises a rock strength profile, and the diameter of the monopolar broken rock column is 92% -98% of the broken rock hole radius r.
6. The method of high strength rock splitting with weak surface according to claim 1, wherein the weak surface comprises a karst cave region, a mud-bearing interlayer and/or a sand-bearing interlayer region on the high strength rock.
7. A splitting assembly for carrying out the weak face-based high strength rock splitting process of any of claims 1-6, comprising,
a measurement unit configured to measure a high strength rock position parameter and a dimension parameter,
an intensity detection unit that generates rock intensity distribution data based on the position parameter,
an excavating unit configured to form a substantially elongated groove based on the weak face expansion,
a drilling unit for drilling a rock breaking hole based on the rock breaking hole,
a splitting unit for splitting high strength rock, the splitting unit comprising,
a hydraulic pressure source for providing power for splitting of the splitting unit,
a monopole rock breaking column inserted into the rock breaking hole is connected with the hydraulic source through an oil pipeline,
a rock breaking polar shaft which is telescopically arranged on the monopole rock breaking column through hydraulic drive, the rock breaking polar shaft faces to the face,
one end of the processing unit is connected with the measuring unit and the strength detecting unit, the other end of the processing unit is connected with the excavating unit, the drilling unit and the splitting unit,
in response to the rock strength distribution data, the processing unit determines at least one weak face of the rock, such that the excavation unit forms a substantially elongate recess based on the expansion of the weak face,
in response to the size parameter and the rock strength distribution data, the processing unit determines the hole position, the hole depth, the hole distance and the row spacing of the rock breaking holes, so that the drilling unit punches rock breaking holes with preset hole depths, hole distances and row spacing based on the rock breaking hole positions,
in response to the rock strength distribution data, the processing unit determines hydraulic forces such that the broken polar axis breaks up the high strength rock.
8. The splitting assembly of claim 7, wherein the measurement unit comprises a GPS navigation device, the strength detection unit comprises a drilling rig for coring and a strength measurement unit, the excavation unit comprises a digger, and the drilling unit comprises a down-the-hole drill.
9. The splitting assembly of claim 7, wherein the hydraulic source comprises a hydraulic oil pump, a booster and a controller for controlling hydraulic pressure, and wherein one side of the monopolar breaking post is longitudinally aligned with at least six of the breaking polar axes.
10. The splitting assembly of claim 7, wherein the processing unit comprises a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit ASIC, or a field programmable gate array FPGA, and wherein the processing unit comprises a memory comprising one or more of a read only memory ROM, a random access memory RAM, a flash memory, or an electrically erasable programmable read only memory EEPROM.
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