CN105833972A - Block stone disintegration method based on CO2 liquid-gas phase change - Google Patents
Block stone disintegration method based on CO2 liquid-gas phase change Download PDFInfo
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- CN105833972A CN105833972A CN201610150491.7A CN201610150491A CN105833972A CN 105833972 A CN105833972 A CN 105833972A CN 201610150491 A CN201610150491 A CN 201610150491A CN 105833972 A CN105833972 A CN 105833972A
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- block stone
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
Abstract
The invention discloses a block stone disintegration method based on CO2 liquid-gas phase change, belonging to the technical field of rock disintegration technology. According to the method, to-be-disintegrated block stone is subjected to measurement or ocular estimation so as to determine the basic shape and size of the block stone; hole arrangement can be adjusted according to practical situations, and the basic principle of hole arrangement is that one drill hole is arranged in each area with a size of eight cubic meters of the block stone; the drill holes are arranged to have vertical or slightly-oblique surfaces and arranged in the wider edges of the block stone as much as possible, and the depth of the holes is no more than two meters in principle; the step of filling of carbon dioxide can be carried out in any stage of previous three steps of the method as needed; high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is injected into a pipe body via a filling machine; and during filling, it should be ensured that slag in the pipe body is removed at first and liquid carbon dioxide is used for cleaning and evacuating air in the pipe body. The method is reasonable in structural design; a few facilities are used and are convenient to carry and simple to operate, and a single person can finish all the operation; the method does not employ an explosive or mechanical way; good safety effect is obtained; the method does not produce flying stone, vibration and impact destroy and is low in cost; the facilities are repeatedly usable; high efficiency is realized; and operation flexibility is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to catalase technical field, be specifically related to a kind of based on CO2The block stone breaking method of liquid-gas phase transition.
Background technology:
For security consideration, China's mining is forced to carry out bench blasting, is developed rapidly from this Bench Blasting Technique.In the Bench Blasting Technique application of mine, often produce substantial amounts of large rock mass；And boring aperture is the biggest, the rock fragmentation that explosion is got off is the biggest.The large rock mass got off for explosion broken, the method generally used has secondary blasting method, mechanical crushing method, artificial process etc..Wherein, blasting procedure easily produces slungshot harm, safety extreme difference, is generally eliminated；Mechanical Method is mainly by hydraulic breaking hammer, and its major defect is that cost is high, efficiency is low；And manual rule is extremely inefficient, labor intensity is very big.
In the basic engineering constructions such as road, bridge, tunnel, when life passage is got through in earthquake relief work, will also tend to encounter a small amount of block stone or boulder needs broken.And now, the method that blasting method is also impossible to use machinery can cannot be used because of quantities few (the block stone as met by chance in engineering construction)；Or can because have inconvenient traffic (such as earthquake relief work) machinery at all cannot close to and abandon Mechanical Method, etc..
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention be to provide a kind of reasonable in design, easy to operate, working (machining) efficiency high and safe and reliable based on CO2The block stone breaking method of liquid-gas phase transition.
The one of the present invention is based on CO2The block stone breaking method of liquid-gas phase transition, it is divided into two kinds of situations, and one is boring block stone breaking method:
The first step: cloth hole；The block stone that will crush is measured or estimates, determines basic configuration and size；Cloth hole can be adjusted according to practical situation, and basic principle is that every eight cubic block stones lay a boring；Boring as far as possible cloth is set as vertically or slightly inclined plane, and is laid in the broadside of block stone as far as possible, and hole depth is in principle less than two meters；
Second step: boring；Hole by position, hole, angle and the degree of depth laid；
3rd step: verify；The degree of depth holed with tape measure or waddy inspection and angle, and occur without foreign matters from being blocked in guaranteeing drilling hole, need conducting if any blocking；
4th step: fill carbon dioxide；This step can optionally be carried out in first three either phase walked；With filling machine to pipe perfusion in vivo pressurized liquid carbon dioxide；During fill, it is necessary to guarantee first to be removed by quarrel in body, clean the air in blank pipe body side by side with liquid carbon dioxide；
4th step: mounting blocks stone breaker；The body of fill carbon dioxide being put into boring, is drawn by the line of wiring contact, dedicated test instrument measures conducting situation, boring is blocked with on-the-spot drilling cuttings；
5th step: percussion；To once need the lead-out wire outside the block stone hole crushed to connect into series loop, measure conducting situation by dedicated test instrument, fire with special firing device；
6th step: check crushing effect；After having fired, need to carry out effect inspection, confirm fragmentation quality；When checking crushing effect, first it is directly to observe from afar to determine whether to crush, if there is potential safety hazard (easily rolling as unstable in rock etc.)；When determining that block stone is unbroken or device is not operating, need to ascertain the reason, and take the Disposal Measures of necessity；When determining without potential safety hazard, can be slowly close to site inspection fragmentation quality.
7th step removes receipts block stone breaker；Block stone breaker completes injection, after above-mentioned Checking on effect, can remove this device of receipts；When removing receiving apparatus, need to reclaim special firing device, wire and block stone breaker；
Two is the block stone breaking method that cannot hole:
One, reconnaissance:
Observe the ambient conditions of this block stone, determine that what a can place the position of block stone breaker, or excavate a locus with spade or pick.
Two, mounting blocks stone breaker:
Block stone breaker is positioned over the best place, and fills in ground conveniently is stifled as far as possible, it is desirable to accomplish few space.
Three, percussion:
To once need the lead-out wire outside the block stone hole crushed to connect into series loop, measure conducting situation by dedicated test instrument, fire with special firing device.
Four, crushing effect is checked:
After having fired, need to carry out effect inspection, confirm fragmentation quality；
When checking crushing effect, first it is directly to observe from afar to determine whether to crush, if there is potential safety hazard (easily rolling as unstable in rock etc.)；When determining that block stone is unbroken or device is not operating, need to ascertain the reason, and take the Disposal Measures of necessity；When determining without potential safety hazard, can be slowly close to site inspection fragmentation quality.
Five, remove receipts block stone breaker:
Block stone breaker completes injection, after above-mentioned Checking on effect, can remove this device of receipts；When removing receiving apparatus, need to reclaim special firing device, wire and block stone breaker.
As preferably, described block stone breaker comprises wiring contact, firing device, liquid CO 2, body, conehead, jet, pressure valve, perfusing hole, drop handle；It is provided with liquid CO 2 in described body；It is provided with firing device in described body；One end of described firing device is connected with the end of body；Described firing device is provided with wiring contact with the junction of body；The side of described wiring contact is provided with perfusing hole；The outside of described wiring contact is provided with drop handle；The other end of described body is provided with conehead；The inner side of described conehead is provided with pressure valve；The outside of described pressure valve is provided with jet.
The effect of described wiring contact is two payment to a porter of firing device circuit to be drawn, and extraneous electric energy is carried by this wiring contact firing device in body；
Described firing device, with being to become for carbon dioxide liquid-gas phase to provide energy, can realize carbon dioxide by liquid to the transformation of gaseous state by the action of firing device；The form of firing device can be based on gunpowder formula, can be based on electromagnetic heating type, it is also possible to based on aluminothermy effect type, it is also possible to based on electric heating type；
Its pressure of described liquid CO 2 is relatively big, up to more than ten MPas；Filling machine is used to be come in by fill orifice pressurization fill；
Described body is made (can be special steel, it is also possible to be special type composite material) by special material, and intensity is quite big, and Main Function is for containing liquid CO 2 and firing device, and provides growing space and intensity for carbon dioxide phase transformation；
Described conehead is made by special material, its Main Function has three, one is to be threaded connection the lower end for blocking body, and two is for laying pressure valve and the spray-hole of band angle (30-70 degree), and three is beneficially at the bottom of device shuttle hand-hole or insert in ground/rock crevice.
As preferably, described jet is arranged in conehead, has two to four injection channels, and passage end is connected with body by pressure valve, and the passage other end is passed directly to outside；Main Function is high-pressure carbon dioxide gas to be ejected into outside carry out brokenly shiver stone；
Described pressure valve is a composite slab structure that can only carry certain pressure (such as 150MPa), is installed in conehead；After the carbon dioxide gas pressure in body reaches pressure threshold, pressure valve ruptures, and gases at high pressure enter injection channel；
Described perfusing hole is for fill pressurized liquid carbon dioxide in body；
Described drop handle is used for human users, handling block stone breaker.
Described block stone breaker dimensions can change, shape as required.As a example by the boring of diameter 90mm, the length of block stone breaker is about 60cm, and its external diameter is about 75mm, and the wall thickness of its body is about 8mm.
The present invention is based on carbon dioxide liquid-gas Transformation Principle, liquid carbon dioxide is by becoming gaseous state after exciting, (temperature about 15 degree under standard state, about 1 atmospheric pressure of pressure) its volume can increase about 600-1000 times, carbon dioxide liquid gas phase is utilized to sell of one's property this characteristic of raw a large amount of gases, a kind of device containing liquid carbon dioxide can be made, this device is installed in the big gun hole that also Drilling is good of design in advance, complete its liquid-gas phase transition by simple firing device, utilize a large amount of gases that phase transformation produces to crush large rock mass.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: its reasonable in design, equipment is few, easy to carry, processing ease, single fulfils assignment；On-explosive, on-mechanical；Safety effectiveness is good, zero slungshot, and friction, without impact failure；Low cost, device is reusable；Efficiency is high, and operating flexibility is good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
For ease of explanation, the present invention is embodied as and accompanying drawing is described in detail by following.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of boring block stone breaking method in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of block stone breaking method of cannot holing in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of block stone breaker in the present invention；
In figure:
A--block stone breaker；B--block stone；C--holes；D--lead-out wire；1--wiring contact；2--firing device；3--liquid CO 2；4--body；5--conehead；6--jet；7--pressure valve；8---perfusing hole 9--drop handle.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, this detailed description of the invention is by the following technical solutions: it is divided into two kinds of situations, and one is boring block stone breaking method (such as Fig. 1):
The first step: cloth hole；The block stone B that will crush is measured or estimates, determines basic configuration and size；Cloth hole can be adjusted according to practical situation, and basic principle is that every eight cubic block stones lay a boring C；Boring as far as possible cloth is set as vertically or slightly inclined plane, and is laid in the broadside of block stone as far as possible, and hole depth is in principle less than two meters；
Second step: boring；Hole by position, hole, angle and the degree of depth laid；
3rd step: verify；The degree of depth holed with tape measure or waddy inspection and angle, and occur without foreign matters from being blocked in guaranteeing drilling hole, need conducting if any blocking；
4th step: fill carbon dioxide；This step can optionally be carried out in first three either phase walked；With filling machine to pipe perfusion in vivo pressurized liquid carbon dioxide；During fill, it is necessary to guarantee first to be removed by quarrel in body, clean the air in blank pipe body side by side with liquid carbon dioxide；
4th step: mounting blocks stone breaker A；The body of fill carbon dioxide being put into boring, is drawn by the line of wiring contact, dedicated test instrument measures conducting situation, boring is blocked with on-the-spot drilling cuttings；
5th step: percussion；To once need the lead-out wire D outside the block stone hole crushed to connect into series loop, measure conducting situation by dedicated test instrument, fire with special firing device；
6th step: check crushing effect；After having fired, need to carry out effect inspection, confirm fragmentation quality；When checking crushing effect, first it is directly to observe from afar to determine whether to crush, if there is potential safety hazard；When determining that block stone is unbroken or device is not operating, need to ascertain the reason, and take the Disposal Measures of necessity；When determining without potential safety hazard, can be slowly close to site inspection fragmentation quality.
7th step: remove receipts block stone breaker A；Block stone breaker completes injection, after above-mentioned Checking on effect, can remove this device of receipts；When removing receiving apparatus, need to reclaim special firing device, wire and block stone breaker A；
Two is block stone breaking method (such as Fig. 2) that cannot hole:
One, reconnaissance:
Observe the ambient conditions of block stone B, determine that what a can place the position of block stone breaker, or excavate a locus with spade or pick.
Two, mounting blocks stone breaker A:
By block stone breaker placement A in the best place, and fill in ground conveniently is stifled, it is desirable to accomplish few space as far as possible.
Three, percussion:
To once need the lead-out wire D outside the block stone hole crushed to connect into series loop, measure conducting situation by dedicated test instrument, fire with special firing device.
Four, crushing effect is checked:
After having fired, need to carry out effect inspection, confirm fragmentation quality；
When checking crushing effect, first it is directly to observe from afar to determine whether to crush, if there is potential safety hazard；When determining that block stone is unbroken or device is not operating, need to ascertain the reason, and take the Disposal Measures of necessity；When determining without potential safety hazard, can be slowly close to site inspection fragmentation quality.
Five, remove receipts block stone breaker A:
Block stone breaker completes injection, after above-mentioned Checking on effect, can remove this device of receipts；When removing receiving apparatus, need to reclaim special firing device, wire and block stone breaker.
As it is shown on figure 3, wherein, described block stone breaker A comprises wiring contact 1, firing device 2, liquid CO 23, body 4, conehead 5, jet 6, pressure valve 7, perfusing hole 8, drop handle 9；It is provided with liquid CO 23 in described body 4；It is provided with firing device 2 in described body 4；One end of described firing device 2 is connected with the end of body 1；Described firing device 2 is provided with wiring contact 1 with the junction of body 1；The side of described wiring contact 1 is provided with perfusing hole 8；The outside of described wiring contact 1 is provided with drop handle 9；The other end of described body 4 is provided with conehead 5；The inner side of described conehead 5 is provided with pressure valve 7；The outside of described pressure valve 7 is provided with jet 6.
The effect of described wiring contact 1 is two payment to a porter of firing device circuit to be drawn, and extraneous electric energy is carried by this wiring contact firing device in body；Described firing device 2 effect is to become for carbon dioxide liquid-gas phase to provide energy, can realize carbon dioxide by liquid to the transformation of gaseous state by the action of firing device；The form of firing device can be based on gunpowder formula, can be based on electromagnetic heating type, it is also possible to based on aluminothermy effect type, it is also possible to based on electric heating type；Described its pressure of liquid CO 23 is relatively big, up to more than ten MPas；Filling machine is used to be come in by fill orifice pressurization fill；Described body 4 is made (can be special steel, it is also possible to be special type composite material) by special material, and intensity is quite big, and Main Function is for containing liquid CO 2 and firing device, and provides growing space and intensity for carbon dioxide phase transformation；Described conehead 5 is made by special material, its Main Function has three, one is to be threaded connection the lower end for blocking body, and two is for laying pressure valve and the spray-hole of band angle (30-70 degree), and three is beneficially at the bottom of device shuttle hand-hole or insert in ground/rock crevice.Described jet 6 is arranged in conehead 5, has two to four injection channels, and passage end is connected with body 4 by pressure valve 7, and the passage other end is passed directly to outside；Main Function is high-pressure carbon dioxide gas to be ejected into outside carry out brokenly shiver stone；Described pressure valve 7 is a composite slab structure that can only carry certain pressure (such as 150MPa), is installed in conehead；After the carbon dioxide gas pressure in body reaches pressure threshold, pressure valve ruptures, and gases at high pressure enter injection channel；Described perfusing hole 8 is for fill pressurized liquid carbon dioxide in body；Described drop handle 9 is for human users, handling block stone breaker；Described block stone breaker A dimensions can change, shape as required.As a example by the boring of diameter 90mm, the length of block stone breaker is about 60cm, and its external diameter is about 75mm, and the wall thickness of its body is about 8mm.
This detailed description of the invention reasonable in design, equipment is few, easy to carry, processing ease, single fulfils assignment；On-explosive, on-mechanical；Safety effectiveness is good, zero slungshot, and friction, without impact failure；Low cost, device is reusable；Efficiency is high, and operating flexibility is good.
Embodiment:
Example 1:
Hubei strip pit, the most weak famp of rock, the normal blasting parameter used that produces is: bore diameter 90mm, step height 20m, pitch of holes 4m, trestle column 4.5m, two all hydraulic caterpillar drill hole of drilling machines, every day, about 5000 sides, loader muck were measured by explosion side.
Rock fragmentation after this quarry blast is the biggest, largest grain size reach four meters square, explosive is used to carry out second-time breakage owing to local safety supervision department is inaccurate, hydraulic breaking hammer can only be used on mine to carry out brokenly shiver stone, block stone crushes relatively costly, close to even more than onepull cost, efficiency is the lowest simultaneously.
Use catalase device based on carbon dioxide phase transformation can be substantially reduced cost, improve efficiency.Operation according to the first operational approach, 90mm hole is bored by a bench drill, four workman Mei Chengerge groups are responsible for operating block stone breaker, broken shiver stone (in addition to the of short duration stopping of explosion) was circulated incessantly by 8 hours every days, it is drilled hole mounting blocks stone breaker immediately, the every operation that can complete a device for 10 minutes of each group, each device averagely can break shiver stone from all directions；Then can realize brokenly the task of shiver stone about 800 side every day；Its integrated cost is about the 1/3 of purely mechanic method, and efficiency is more than the twice that three machineries crush simultaneously.
Example 2:
Sichuan secondary earthquake causes a large amount of landslide, uniquely rescues passage-certain country highway and is destroyed by rush of water by a large amount of stones, and huge boulder has blocked path, and machinery cannot be introduced into removing obstacles.
Use catalase device based on carbon dioxide phase transformation can open rapidly life passage with quick crashing block stone.According to the operation of the second operational approach, realize the fill of carbon dioxide out of harm's way, by manually carrying on the back into slide strip, thing three breakers of the back of the body of each soldier；Two soldiers are one group, every operation that can complete a breaker for 30 minutes, and mean reduction side measures up to five sides, and every day can complete the block stone of about 120 sides based on 12 hours and crush task.
The ultimate principle of the present invention and principal character and advantages of the present invention have more than been shown and described.Skilled person will appreciate that of the industry; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; the principle that the present invention is simply described described in above-described embodiment and description; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements both fall within scope of the claimed invention.Claimed scope is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (4)
1. one kind based on CO2The block stone breaking method of liquid-gas phase transition, it is characterised in that boring block stone breaking method is:
The first step: cloth hole；The block stone (B) that will crush is measured or estimates, determines basic configuration and size；Cloth hole can be adjusted according to practical situation, and basic principle is that every eight cubic block stones lay a boring (C)；Boring as far as possible cloth is set as vertically or slightly inclined plane, and is laid in the broadside of block stone as far as possible, and hole depth is in principle less than two meters；
Second step: boring；Hole by position, hole, angle and the degree of depth laid；
3rd step: verify；The degree of depth holed with tape measure or waddy inspection and angle, and occur without foreign matters from being blocked in guaranteeing drilling hole, need conducting if any blocking；
4th step: fill carbon dioxide；This step can optionally be carried out in first three either phase walked；With filling machine to pipe perfusion in vivo pressurized liquid carbon dioxide；During fill, it is necessary to guarantee first to be removed by quarrel in body, clean the air in blank pipe body side by side with liquid carbon dioxide；
4th step: mounting blocks stone breaker (A)；The body of fill carbon dioxide being put into boring, is drawn by the line of wiring contact, dedicated test instrument measures conducting situation, boring is blocked with on-the-spot drilling cuttings；
5th step: percussion；To once need the lead-out wire (D) outside the block stone hole crushed to connect into series loop, measure conducting situation by dedicated test instrument, fire with special firing device；
6th step: check crushing effect；After having fired, need to carry out effect inspection, confirm fragmentation quality；When checking crushing effect, first it is directly to observe from afar to determine whether to crush, if there is potential safety hazard；When determining that block stone is unbroken or device is not operating, need to ascertain the reason, and take the Disposal Measures of necessity；When determining without potential safety hazard, can be slowly close to site inspection fragmentation quality；
7th step removes receipts block stone breaker (A)；Block stone breaker completes injection, after above-mentioned Checking on effect, can remove this device of receipts；When removing receiving apparatus, need to reclaim special firing device, wire and block stone breaker.
One the most according to claim 1 is based on CO2The block stone breaking method of liquid-gas phase transition, it is characterised in that the block stone breaking method that cannot hole is:
One, reconnaissance: observe the ambient conditions of block stone (B), determine that what a can place the position of block stone breaker, or excavate a locus with spade or pick；
Two, mounting blocks stone breaker (A): by block stone breaker placement (A) in the best place, and fill in ground conveniently is stifled, it is desirable to accomplish few space. as far as possible；
Three, percussion:
To once need the lead-out wire (D) outside the block stone hole crushed to connect into series loop, measure conducting situation by dedicated test instrument, fire with special firing device；
Four, check crushing effect: after having fired, need to carry out effect inspection, confirm fragmentation quality；When checking crushing effect, first it is directly to observe from afar to determine whether to crush, if there is potential safety hazard；When determining that block stone is unbroken or device is not operating, need to ascertain the reason, and take the Disposal Measures of necessity；When determining without potential safety hazard, can be slowly close to site inspection fragmentation quality；
Five, remove receipts block stone breaker (A): block stone breaker completes injection, after above-mentioned Checking on effect, this device of receipts can be removed；When removing receiving apparatus, need to reclaim special firing device, wire and block stone breaker (A).
One the most according to claim 1 is based on CO2The block stone breaking method of liquid-gas phase transition, it is characterised in that described block stone breaker (A) comprises wiring contact (1), firing device (2), liquid CO 2 (3), body (4), conehead (5), jet (6), pressure valve (7), perfusing hole (8), drop handle (9)；It is provided with liquid CO 2 (3) in described body (4)；It is provided with firing device (2) in described body (4)；One end of described firing device (2) is connected with the end of body (1)；Described firing device (2) is provided with wiring contact (1) with the junction of body (1)；The side of described wiring contact (1) is provided with perfusing hole (8)；The outside of described wiring contact (1) is provided with drop handle (9)；The other end of described body (4) is provided with conehead (5)；The inner side of described conehead (5) is provided with pressure valve (7)；The outside of described pressure valve (7) is provided with jet (6).
One the most according to claim 3 is based on CO2The block stone breaking method of liquid-gas phase transition, it is characterized in that described jet (6) is arranged in conehead (5), having two to four injection channels, passage end is connected with body (4) by pressure valve (7), and the passage other end is passed directly to outside.
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| CN106334615A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-18 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Method for preparing cement powder by liquid CO2 |
| CN107063009A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-08-18 | 中国铁建大桥工程局集团有限公司 | A kind of micro- blasting technology that shakes of subway two-wire longspan tunnel |
| CN107121037A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-01 | 中国十九冶集团有限公司 | A kind of cubic meter of stone static crushing structure and its construction |
| CN111701687A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-25 | 中科前衍(深圳)工程科学发展有限公司 | Based on gaseous promotion and liquid CO2Unloading iron ore pulverizing device and method |
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| CN107063009A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-08-18 | 中国铁建大桥工程局集团有限公司 | A kind of micro- blasting technology that shakes of subway two-wire longspan tunnel |
| CN107121037A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-01 | 中国十九冶集团有限公司 | A kind of cubic meter of stone static crushing structure and its construction |
| CN107121037B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2019-02-05 | 中国十九冶集团有限公司 | A kind of construction of cubic meter of stone static crushing |
| CN111701687A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-25 | 中科前衍(深圳)工程科学发展有限公司 | Based on gaseous promotion and liquid CO2Unloading iron ore pulverizing device and method |
| CN111701687B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-11-23 | 中科前衍(深圳)工程科学发展有限公司 | Based on gaseous promotion and liquid CO2Unloading iron ore pulverizing device and method |
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