CN110293102B - 一种泡沫排液清管器 - Google Patents

一种泡沫排液清管器 Download PDF

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CN110293102B
CN110293102B CN201910663931.2A CN201910663931A CN110293102B CN 110293102 B CN110293102 B CN 110293102B CN 201910663931 A CN201910663931 A CN 201910663931A CN 110293102 B CN110293102 B CN 110293102B
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nozzle
rotary drum
pipeline
pipe cleaner
pipe
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CN110293102A (zh
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何勇
郑庭
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Luzhou Vocational and Technical College
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B9/053—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
    • B08B9/055—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles
    • B08B9/0557—Pigs with rings shaped cleaning members, e.g. cup shaped pigs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B9/053—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
    • B08B9/055—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles
    • B08B9/0558—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles with additional jet means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B2209/00—Details of machines or methods for cleaning hollow articles
    • B08B2209/02—Details of apparatuses or methods for cleaning pipes or tubes
    • B08B2209/027—Details of apparatuses or methods for cleaning pipes or tubes for cleaning the internal surfaces
    • B08B2209/04—Details of apparatuses or methods for cleaning pipes or tubes for cleaning the internal surfaces using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B2209/053—Details of apparatuses or methods for cleaning pipes or tubes for cleaning the internal surfaces using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes being moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
    • B08B2209/055—Details of apparatuses or methods for cleaning pipes or tubes for cleaning the internal surfaces using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes being moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles

Abstract

本发明涉及一种泡沫排液清管器，用于管道排液、泡沫排液等清管施工。其技术方案：筒体两端设置皮碗，筒体前端安装转筒并用挡环轴向固定；转筒外端连接喷嘴，所述喷嘴整体为锥形，喷嘴大端与转筒连接，喷嘴向转筒前端倾斜布置；转筒在靠近喷嘴的一侧安装质量块；筒体内腔、转筒内腔和喷嘴内腔连通。本发明采用质量块控制喷嘴始终与管道底部对齐，清管器后端部分气体从清管器底部位置喷射而出，对管道底部沉积物进行冲刷，同时起到更好的发泡效果。

Description

一种泡沫排液清管器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种泡沫排液清管器，用于管道排液、泡沫排液等清管施工。
背景技术
天然气开采中难免遇到气井出水的问题，即便是通过站场设备的分离，天然气输送管线仍然面临积液问题。另一方面，长距离管道输气过程中，由于弯头、管道起伏、阀门等的影响，气体状态产生显著变化，从而导致管内天然气产生凝液。管内液体会逐渐聚居在低洼区段，造成半管、满管的堵塞，降低管线输送能力，严重时甚至会封堵管线，导致管线无法正常运营。
目前管线运营方通常根据管道压降变化来安排清管作业，即管线压降增加到一定程度后，采用清管器将管内液体推扫出管道。清管器在后端气体的推动下向前运行，在起伏管道等复杂工况下，清管器前后端压差波动剧烈，清管器前端积液容易泄流到清管器后端。经过长距离的磨损，清管器皮碗难以达到较好的密封效果，加速了前端液体的回流。这样造成常规清管器排液效果欠佳，往往需要多次清管才能达到管道压降控制的目的。另一方面，对于大量积液的管道，常规清扫型清管器进行排液作业容易发生清管器卡顿和水击等故障，极大的影响气田正常生产和运营。
基于以上背景，相关学者提出了管内泡沫排水的施工工艺，即在管内注入一定量的发泡剂，清管器开设过流孔，气体从清管器前端喷射而出，将添加了发泡剂的液体转化为泡沫向前输送。在清管器遇到大量积液的低洼地段，气体持续喷射而出，将其前端积液逐渐排出。
对于清管器泡沫排液施工，过去采用在清管器骨架或皮碗上开设过流孔的方式，清管器后端气体向前喷射并与液体混合产生泡沫。另外，专利CN2013201672736公布了一种清除集气管道积液的水力旋流清管器，该方案在清管器前端设置多个倾斜的射流喷嘴。
清管器前后端压差主要由皮碗与管道的接触力决定，在相对清洁的管道内运行时，其前后端压差通常在0.3~0.7bar范围之内。在积液量较少的情况下，后端气体能够轻松的推动清管器和前端积液向前运行。由于管内气体的可压缩性，清管器及其前端液体运行状态复杂多变，会产生速度波动和压差波动。这样，清管器前端液体容易从顶部位置的过流孔回流到清管器后端。另一方面，由于清管器前后端压差相对较小，在前端积液静压作用下，清管器底部位置的过流孔/射流孔难以正常工作，气流主要从清管器顶部位置的过流孔/射流孔流向前端；这样造成泡排作业过程中发泡效果不好，同时对管道底部冲刷效果不好。
基于以上背景，设计定向射流型清管器用于管道泡沫排液施工，解决前端液体回流问题，同时对管道底部沉积物进行冲刷，具有现实意义和应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的：为了克服管道泡沫排液施工中，现有射流型清管器液体回流的问题，同时解决管道底部沉积物冲刷效果不好的问题，特提供一种泡沫排液清管器。
一种泡沫排液清管器，包括皮碗、筒体、转筒、挡环、喷嘴、质量块，其特征在于：筒体两端设置皮碗，筒体前端安装转筒并用挡环轴向固定，挡环与筒体螺栓连接；转筒外端连接喷嘴，所述喷嘴整体为锥形，喷嘴大端与转筒连接，喷嘴向转筒前端倾斜布置，喷嘴中轴线与转筒中轴线夹角范围为40~80度；转筒在靠近喷嘴的一侧安装质量块；筒体内腔、转筒内腔和喷嘴内腔连通。
本发明具有的有益效果是：（1）本发明使得清管器后端部分气体从清管器底部喷射而出，在泡沫排液施工中，清管器前端积液能够更好的与气体混合产生泡沫，有利于管道排液；（2）本发明清管器在管道内周向转动时，喷嘴始终与管道底部对齐，并对管道底部沉积物进行冲刷，有利于管道清管作业。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构简图。
图2为图1的A-A剖视图。
图中：1.后挂钩；2.挡板；3.隔板；4.皮碗；5.筒体；6.转筒；7.档环；8.质量块；9.喷嘴；10.前挂钩。
具体实施方式
本发明不受下述实施实例的限制，可以根据本发明的技术方案和实际情况来确定具体的实施方式。上、下、左、右等的位置关系是依据说明书附图1的布局方向来确定的。
本发明所述清管器设置在管道内，清管器通过皮碗4与管道接触。筒体5整体为圆筒形，筒体5两端设置皮碗4并用挡板2固定，挡板2和筒体5通过螺栓连接；相邻皮碗4之间设置隔板3。
筒体5前端安装转筒6，转筒6整体为圆筒形并在端部设置台阶，转筒6所述台阶与挡环7配合并轴向固定转筒6；挡环7与筒体5通过螺栓连接。转筒6外端连接喷嘴9，所述喷嘴9整体为锥形，喷嘴9的大端与转筒6连接，喷嘴9向转筒6前端倾斜布置，喷嘴9中轴线与转筒6的中轴线夹角范围为40~80度。转筒6在靠近喷嘴9的一侧安装质量块8，在质量块8重力作用下，喷嘴9尖端始终指向管道底部。这样，筒体5内腔、转筒6内腔和喷嘴9内腔连通，清管器后端部分气体依次通过筒体5、转筒6和喷嘴9流向清管器前端。
为方便清管器回收，在清管器前端设置前挂钩10，所述前挂钩10安装到喷嘴9上；在清管器后端设置后挂钩1，所述后挂钩1安装到筒体5后端的挡板2上。
本发明的原理是：清管器在天然气管道内运行，管内积液聚集在清管器前端，后端气体依次通过筒体5和转筒6，然后从喷嘴9流出。清管器运行状态复杂多变，存在周向转动；喷嘴9由于质量块8的作用，始终保持其尖端朝向管道底部位置。后端气体从喷嘴9尖端喷出，在节流效应的作用下，清管器前端液体难以通过喷嘴9回流到清管器后端。在液体积累较少的情况下，液体主要聚集在清管器下半部分；气体从管道底部位置喷射而出，具有最好的发泡效果。另一方面，管内固相沉积物主要积累在管道底部，高速喷射而出的气体，对管内固相沉积物起到冲刷作用，有利于清管作业。

Claims (1)

1.一种泡沫排液清管器，包括皮碗、筒体、转筒、喷嘴、质量块、挡环，其特征在于：筒体两端设置皮碗，筒体前端安装转筒；转筒轴向固定到筒体上并可以周向转动，转筒外端连接喷嘴，所述喷嘴整体为锥形，喷嘴大端与转筒连接，喷嘴向转筒前端倾斜布置；转筒在靠近喷嘴的一侧安装质量块；筒体内腔、转筒内腔和喷嘴内腔连通；所述喷嘴中轴线与转筒中轴线夹角范围为40~80度；挡环将转筒轴向固定在筒体上，挡环与筒体螺栓连接。
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