CN110291287B - 凸轮致动的燃料泵 - Google Patents

凸轮致动的燃料泵 Download PDF

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CN110291287B
CN110291287B CN201780076698.7A CN201780076698A CN110291287B CN 110291287 B CN110291287 B CN 110291287B CN 201780076698 A CN201780076698 A CN 201780076698A CN 110291287 B CN110291287 B CN 110291287B
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cam
fuel pump
core
outer sleeve
bearing
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CN110291287A (zh
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J·麦查蒂
K·塞里纳斯
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Delphi Technologies IP Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/10—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
    • F02M59/102—Mechanical drive, e.g. tappets or cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/04—Feeding by means of driven pumps
    • F02M37/043—Arrangements for driving reciprocating piston-type pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/10—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/48—Assembling; Disassembling; Replacing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/0404—Details or component parts
    • F04B1/0413—Cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/053—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement with actuating or actuated elements at the inner ends of the cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/02—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical
    • F04B9/04—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical the means being cams, eccentrics or pin-and-slot mechanisms
    • F04B9/042—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical the means being cams, eccentrics or pin-and-slot mechanisms the means being cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C9/00—Oscillating-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C9/002—Oscillating-piston machines or pumps the piston oscillating around a fixed axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M41/00—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor
    • F02M41/08—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor and pumping elements being combined
    • F02M41/14—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor and pumping elements being combined rotary distributor supporting pump pistons
    • F02M2041/1438—Arrangements or details pertaining to the devices classified in F02M41/14 and subgroups
    • F02M2041/1494—Details of cams, tappets, rotors, venting means, specially arranged valves, e.g. in the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/80—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2700/00—Supplying, feeding or preparing air, fuel, fuel air mixtures or auxiliary fluids for a combustion engine; Use of exhaust gas; Compressors for piston engines
    • F02M2700/13—Special devices for making an explosive mixture; Fuel pumps
    • F02M2700/1317—Fuel pumpo for internal combustion engines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

一种燃料喷射设备(10)的燃料泵(12)包括凸轮轴(18)，所述凸轮轴(18)绕凸轮箱(14)中的主轴线(X)旋转并且与活塞相配合。所述凸轮轴(18)包括轴构件(38)和凸轮构件(16)，所述凸轮构件(16)包括固定在所述轴(38)上的芯(44)和布置在所述芯(44)上的外套筒(48)，所述活塞与所述套筒的所述外面(32)相配合，所述芯(44)比所述套筒(48)窄，使得在所述凸轮的至少一个面上限定出环形凹槽(50、52)。

Description

凸轮致动的燃料泵
技术领域
本发明涉及具有凸轮箱的燃料泵，在该凸轮箱中凸轮轴与活塞相配合，所述凸轮轴具有使凸轮中和/或凸轮箱壳体中的机械应力最小化的凸轮布置。
背景技术
内燃机的燃料喷射设备包括接收低压燃料并将高压燃料输送到燃料喷射器的泵。一直不断努力将出口燃料压力增加到3000巴及以上，以便改善发动机的燃烧和燃料效率，并且还努力减小泵的整体尺寸，从而能够更容易地封装在车辆的发动机舱中。这两种趋势都会对泵的耐久性产生不利影响，因为这往往会增加泵内部的机械应力。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是至少部分地解决在提供内燃机的燃料喷射设备的燃料泵时的以上提到的问题，所述泵包括凸轮轴，凸轮轴在凸轮箱中绕主轴线旋转并且与活塞相配合以在孔内往复滑动并且交替地改变泵压头中限定的压缩室的容积。
此外，所述凸轮轴包括轴构件和布置在后轴承和前轴承之间的凸轮构件，所述后轴承被对准在所述凸轮箱的所述壳体的凹槽中，所述前轴承被对准在固定在所述壳体上的前板的通孔中；所述凸轮处于限定在所述壳体和所述前板之间的内部空间中，所述凸轮具有外周缘面、靠近所述前轴承的横向前面和靠近所述后轴承的横向后面。
所述凸轮构件包括固定在所述轴上的芯和布置在所述芯上的外套筒，所述活塞与所述外套筒的所述外周缘面相配合，所述芯比所述外套筒窄，使得在所述凸轮的至少一个面上限定出环形凹槽。
在本发明的另一方面，所述外套管可以与所述芯成一体。
在本发明的另一方面，所述凸轮可以与所述轴成一体。
在本发明的另一方面，所述芯可以与所述轴成一体。
在本发明的另一方面，所述外套管可以被插在所述芯上。
在本发明的另一方面，所述芯和所述外套筒在所述凸轮的所述横向前面上限定前环形凹槽并在所述凸轮的所述横向后面上限定后环形凹槽。
在本发明的另一方面，所述凸轮箱还可以设置有包围所述凹槽的后环形构件，在所述凹槽中布置有所述后轴承，所述后环形构件与所述壳体成一体并且在所述内部空间中突出。
在本发明的另一个方面，所述后环形构件可以接合在所述凸轮的所述后环形凹槽中。
在本发明的另一方面，所述凸轮箱还可以设置有包围所述通孔的前环形构件，在所述通孔中布置有所述前轴承，所述前环形构件与所述前板成一体并且在所述内部空间中突出。
在本发明的另一方面，所述前环形构件可以接合在所述凸轮的所述前环形凹槽中。
附图说明
现在，将只以举例方式参照附图来描述本发明，在附图中：
图1是根据本发明的凸轮致动的泵的剖视图，凸轮轴处于BDC位置。
图2类似于图1，凸轮轴处于TDC位置。
图3是凸轮轴的实施方式的3D分解视图。
图4是图3的凸轮轴被组装时的3D视图。
具体实施方式
通过直接喷射提供燃料的柴油内燃机具有喷射设备10，其中，由泵12加压的燃料被输送到喷射器。泵12包括被固定到凸轮箱14上的泵压头，绕凸轮轴线X在前轴承20和后轴承22之间旋转的凸轮轴18的凸轮16推动活塞以在孔内往复滑动并且从而改变在泵压头中限定的压缩室的容积。凸轮箱14具有被前板26封闭的壳体24，这限定了内部空间S，其中，凸轮16和设置在活塞的端部处的凸轮从动件相配合。后轴承22是在布置在壳体24中的凹槽28中对准的套筒，前轴承20是在布置在前板26中的通孔30中的另一套筒，并且在所述轴承之间，凸轮16限定了与凸轮从动件接触的外周缘面32、靠近前轴承20的横向前面34、靠近后轴承22的对向的横向后面36。
附图上呈现的实施方式示出了复合式凸轮轴18，其中，凸轮16是独立构件，其通过压配合插在轴38上方并且位于圆柱形前支承面40和圆柱形后支承面42之间。凸轮16包括：中心芯44，其具有与轴38互补接合的轴向X孔46；以及一体外套筒48，其限定与凸轮从动件接触的所述外周缘面32。
在未示出的替代构造的组合中，凸轮16可以完全与轴38成一体，或者芯44仅可以与轴32成一体，外套筒48是插在芯44上的独立构件，或另外，轴38、芯44和外套筒48可以是后来组装的三个不同构件。设计选择取决于例如制造工艺和材料选择之间的折衷。
无论是哪个实施方式，外套筒48都比芯构件44大并且在其上居中，从而限定了布置在凸轮的前面34上的前凹槽50或前底切以及布置在凸轮的后面36上的对向的后凹槽52或后底切，所述凹槽50、52包围轴向孔46的对向开口，外套筒的前边缘区域54和后边缘区域56限定凹槽50、52的周缘壁。
此外，与壳体24一体的环形后构件58包围后轴承凹槽52并且在内部空间S中突出，所述环形构件58接合凸轮的后凹槽52而不接触凸轮的任何面，从而保持环形构件58的面与后凹槽52的面之间有间隙。对称地，与前板26一体的环形前构件60包围孔30并且在内部空间S中突出，所述环形构件60接合凸轮的前凹槽52而不接触凸轮，从而保持环形构件60的面与后凹槽52的面之间有间隙。
所述布置使得多个泵实施方式能够各自对已知问题中的至少一个提供解决方案。例如，通过使前板26更靠近壳体，可以使泵12的尺寸减小。另外，提供具有增强的弹性特性的凸轮外套筒的前边缘54和后边缘56，所述区域能够在凸轮从动件对套筒构件的外面32上施加的力的作用下稍微偏转。此外，由于前环形构件60和后环形构件58，轴承20、22的轴向长度可以增加。
在又一实施方式中，凸轮16可以是非对称的，外套筒48不在中心芯44上居中，这使得例如能够增加轴承的长度。
参考符号的列表
X 主轴线
S 内部空间
10 喷射设备
12 泵
14 凸轮箱
16 凸轮
18 凸轮轴
20 前轴承
22 后轴承
24 凸轮箱壳体
26 前板
28 凹槽
30 孔
32 凸轮的外周缘面
34 凸轮的前面
36 凸轮的后面
38 轴
40 前支承面
42 后支承面
44 中心孔
46 轴向孔
48 外套筒
50 前凹槽
52 外凹槽
54 外套筒的前边缘区域
56 外套筒的后边缘区域
58 环形后构件
60 环形前构件

Claims (7)

1.一种内燃机的燃料喷射设备(10)的燃料泵(12)，所述燃料泵(12)包括凸轮轴(18)，所述凸轮轴(18)在凸轮箱(14)中绕主轴线(X)旋转并且与活塞相配合以在孔内往复滑动并且交替地改变泵压头中限定的压缩室的容积，
所述凸轮轴(18)包括轴构件(38)和布置在后轴承(42)和前轴承(20)之间的凸轮构件(16)，所述后轴承(42)被对准在所述凸轮箱(14)的壳体(24)的凹槽(28)中，所述前轴承(20)被对准在固定在所述壳体(24)上的前板(26)的通孔(30)中；所述凸轮(16)处于限定在所述壳体(24)和所述前板(26)之间的内部空间(S)中，所述凸轮(16)具有外周缘面(32)、靠近所述前轴承(20)的横向前面(34)和靠近所述后轴承(22)的横向后面(36)，
其特征在于，
所述凸轮构件(16)包括固定在所述轴(38)上的芯(44)和布置在所述芯(44)上的外套筒(48)，所述活塞与所述外套筒的所述外周缘面(32)相配合，所述芯(44)比所述外套筒(48)窄，使得在所述凸轮的至少一个面上限定出环形凹槽(50、52),
其中，所述芯(44)和所述外套筒(48)在所述凸轮的所述横向前面(34)上限定前环形凹槽(50)并在所述凸轮的所述横向后面(42)上限定后环形凹槽(52)，
其中，所述凸轮箱(14)还设置有包围所述壳体(24)的所述凹槽(28)的后环形构件(58)，在所述壳体(24)的所述凹槽(28)中布置有所述后轴承(22)，所述后环形构件(58)与所述壳体(24)成一体并且在所述内部空间(S)中突出，并且
其中，所述后环形构件(58)接合在所述凸轮的所述后环形凹槽(52)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料泵(12)，其中，所述外套筒(48)与所述芯(44)成一体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的燃料泵(12)，其中，所述凸轮(16)与所述轴(38)成一体。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的燃料泵(12)，其中，所述芯(44)与所述轴(38)成一体。
5.根据权利要求4所述的燃料泵(12)，其中，所述外套筒(48)被插在所述芯(44)上。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的燃料泵(12)，其中，所述凸轮箱(14)还设置有包围所述通孔(30)的前环形构件(60)，在所述通孔(30)中布置有所述前轴承(20)，所述前环形构件(60)与所述前板(26)成一体并且在所述内部空间(S)中突出。
7.根据权利要求6所述的燃料泵(12)，其中，所述前环形构件(54)接合在所述凸轮的所述前环形凹槽(50)中。
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DE19804275A1 (de) * 1998-02-04 1999-08-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Radialkolbenpumpe zur Kraftstoffhochdruckversorgung
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DE102009002434A1 (de) * 2009-04-16 2010-10-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kolbenpumpe, insbesondere Kraftstoffpumpe
DE102010063351A1 (de) * 2010-12-17 2012-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hochdruckpumpe
DE102010063328A1 (de) * 2010-12-17 2012-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hochdruckpumpe
DE102012221765A1 (de) * 2012-11-28 2014-05-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Pumpe, insbesondere Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe für eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung
CN204038427U (zh) * 2014-09-02 2014-12-24 广州元新机械设备有限公司 磁力驱动泵及其不锈钢传动轴
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