CN110286577A - Hyperfine level spacing measuring device and method based on four-level active light clock - Google Patents
Hyperfine level spacing measuring device and method based on four-level active light clock Download PDFInfo
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- CN110286577A CN110286577A CN201910640772.4A CN201910640772A CN110286577A CN 110286577 A CN110286577 A CN 110286577A CN 201910640772 A CN201910640772 A CN 201910640772A CN 110286577 A CN110286577 A CN 110286577A
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- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hyperfine level spacing measuring devices and method based on four-level active light clock, utilize the Doppler effect of hot atom and the weak feedback mechanism of optics of bad cavity region resonant cavity, it realizes the hyperfine level spacing measurement of atom, is able to ascend the precision of the measurement hyperfine level spacing of atom.Device includes: the frequency stabilization unit of pump laser source, four-level active light clock resonator unit, hyperfine level spacing measuring unit；Pass through the weak feedback of the optics of Modulation Transfer frequency stabilization and bad cavity region, bad cavity region atom-exciting radiant output light frequency ingredient is directly analyzed, hyperfine level spacing calibration to tested energy state, the stimulated radiation of quantum frame of reference directly exports clock transition signal, has narrower quantum limit line width.The present invention extends on otheralkali metal four-level active light master slave system, enriches the measurable amount and precision of the hyperfine energy level of atom.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical frequency atomic clocks and Technology of Precision Measurement field, are related to the hyperfine level spacing measurement skill of atom
A kind of art, and in particular to hyperfine level spacing measuring device and its implementation based on four-level active light clock.
Background technique
The accurate measurement of atom Hyperfine level structure can make the theoretical method that various Hyperfine level structures calculate
Close inspection out accurate can calculate corresponding hyperfine coupling constant by the measurement hyperfine level spacing of atom, measure
The inspection of sub- electrodynamics theory, laser is cooling and falls into prisoner, high-resolution spectroscopy and accurate measurement etc. with important application
Value, wherein the accurate measurement to the hyperfine Energy level of alkali metal Cs atom, tests context of detection in the atom nonconservation of parity
It is of great significance.
Current multiple research groups carried out about alkali metal atom, especially caesium, rubidium, potassium atom hyperfine energy level between
Every measurement, in order to experimentally obtain the hyperfine energy level splitting of transition between excited of atoms, existing common method has double
Resonance absorbance spectrum, directly excitation two-photon spectrum, Doppler's two-photon spectrum, double resonance optical pumping spectrum etc., also can use winged
Second optical frequency com directly measures the hyperfine energy level frequency interval of atom.However, non-when usually laser frequency scans
The frequency drift that linear effect, ambient temperature change bring optical reference chamber can inevitably influence measurement accuracy, and
Need to use two lasers using double resonance spectrometry, electrooptic modulator is used to carry out frequency modulation(PFM) to detection light, so driving
The frequency accuracy of the signal source of dynamic electrooptic modulator determines the line width of spectral line, so that the measurement accuracy of hyperfine coupling constant is difficult
To further increase.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problems, such as that above-mentioned existing method exists, the present invention provides a kind of completely new based on four-level active light clock
Hyperfine level spacing measuring device and method, utilize the Doppler effect of hot atom and the optics of bad cavity region resonant cavity
Weak feedback mechanism realizes the hyperfine level spacing measurement of atom, is able to ascend the precision of the measurement hyperfine level spacing of atom.
The present invention is by being locked to specific hyperfine transition energy level for the pump light of four-level system, in conjunction with the more of atom
General Le effect and transition speed make have population on the hyperfine energy level of the correspondence of energy level on measured pump light, it
The atom being measured in energy state afterwards falls to the upper energy level of clock laser emission through spontaneous radiation, finally utilizes the bad chamber model of active light clock
The weak feedback mechanism for enclosing interior resonance chamber forms the relevant stimulated radiation of polyatom between the clock transition energy level of four-level quantized system
Output, due to Doppler effect, the atom pair clock laser output of two speed groups is all contributed, therefore passes through measurement Zhong Jiguangbao
The frequency content that contains or the frequency for directly measuring its beat signal, at the same in view of the pump light of four-level active light master slave system with
The wavelength ratio of clock laser, so that it may the hyperfine level spacing of energy level on precise measurement pump light.
Existing traditional experimental measurement method is usually directed to double resonance spectrum, two lasers is needed in experiment, and to spy
It surveys light and carries out frequency modulation(PFM), the precision of modulating frequency directly affects the line width of measure spectrum；The line width of double resonance spectrum is in MHz amount
Grade increases the statistical error of experiment measurement, so that measurement accuracy is difficult to further increase；And it is proposed by the invention based on four
Energy level active light clock realizes the measuring device and method of hyperfine level spacing, to bad cavity region atom-exciting radiant output optical frequency
Rate ingredient is directly analyzed, and then is demarcated to the hyperfine level spacing of tested energy state, former using active light clock bad cavity region
Behavior is excited in weak coupling cooperation between son, and the stimulated radiation of quantum frame of reference directly exports clock transition signal, has narrower
Quantum limit line width, therefore, measurement method of the invention can greatly improve the measurement accuracy of hyperfine level spacing；And it is defeated
There is frequency preferable chamber to draw depression effect out, so insensitive to change of cavity length caused by extraneous temperature change.Simultaneously should
Method can also be expanded to pervasively on alkali metal four-level active light master slave system, enrich the measurement number of hyperfine level spacing
Amount.
Core of the invention is: being based on four-level active light master slave system, pumping light frequency is locked in alkali by frequency stabilization module
The two hyperfine energy level F1's ' and F2 ' cross spider F12 ' of one of metallic atom ground state hyperfine energy level F to Second Excited State
(wherein the quantum number of quantum number big 1, the F and F2 ' of F ratio F1 ' is equal), two hyperfine energy of Second Excited State in jump frequency
Frequency interval between grade F1 ' and F2 ' is both the transition wavelength of hyperfine level spacing Δ ν, F to F1 ' that the present invention need to measure
For λ.Gain media (hereafter referred to collectively as atom) of the same kind of alkali metal atom as four-level active light clock, due to how general
Effect is strangled, the pumping light frequency of the atom impression of friction speed group is different, while being known by selection rule, and one of ground state is hyperfine
Atom on energy level F can be energized into respectively on two hyperfine energy level F1 ' and F2 ' of Second Excited State: (1) and pump light
Movement in the same direction, speed is υ and the pumping λ × Pu Δ ν light atom, the pumping light frequency experienced correspond to the hyperfine energy of F-F1 '
Order transition；(2) with pump light counter motion, speed is υ and the pumping λ × Pu Δ ν light atom, the pumping light frequency pair experienced
Answer the hyperfine levels transition of F-F2 '；The atom of the two speed group can spontaneous radiation to four-level quantized system clock jump
The upper energy level F " for moving energy level forms population inversion between clock transition energy level using the weak feedback mechanism of main resonance cavity, finally by
It is sharp to radiate the lower energy level F " ' for falling to four-level quantized system clock transition energy level, export active light frequency standard signal, wavelength λ '.
Since the atom pair clock transition signal of two speed groups all contributes, there are two the active light frequency standard signal tools of stimulated radiation
Frequency content, frequency difference Δ rate are as follows: Δ ν × (λ/λ ') counter can push away the two of Second Excited State by the way that measurement frequency difference Δ is logical
Frequency interval Δ ν between a hyperfine energy level F1 ' and F2 ', it is final to realize the hyperfine energy level based on four-level active light clock
Interval measurement device and method.Above-mentioned energy level transition is as shown in Figure 1.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of hyperfine level spacing measuring device based on four-level active light clock, comprising: the frequency of pump laser source
Stablize unit, four-level active light clock resonator unit, hyperfine level spacing measuring unit.
The frequency stabilization unit of pump laser source include: pump laser source, pumping laser source driving circuit, optoisolator,
Half-wave plate, polarization splitting prism, reflecting mirror, Modulation Transfer compose frequency stabilization module, servo feedback circuit, wherein pump laser source is driven
Dynamic circuit connection pump laser source, Modulation Transfer compose frequency stabilization module and connect servo feedback circuit, the pumping of servo feedback circuit connection
Source driving circuit, other components are successively put in order: optoisolator, half-wave plate, polarization point are placed behind pump laser source
Light prism, reflecting mirror, Modulation Transfer spectrum frequency stabilization module and servo feedback circuit；Four-level active light clock resonator unit includes:
Integrated resonant cavity cavity, piezoelectric ceramic piece, resonant cavity mirror-plane mirror, gain media-alkali metal atom air chamber, resonant cavity
Hysteroscope-plano-concave mirror, heating and thermal insulation module, magnetic screen module, wherein piezoelectric ceramic piece is connected on integrated resonant cavity cavity, humorous
Vibration chamber hysteroscope-plane mirror is connected to piezoelectric ceramics on piece, and resonant cavity mirror-plano-concave mirror is connected on integrated resonant cavity cavity,
Gain media-alkali metal atom air chamber is placed on integrated resonant cavity inside cavity, and it is humorous that heating and thermal insulation module is placed on integration
Shake chamber containment portion, and magnetic screen module is placed on heating and thermal insulation module-external；Hyperfine level spacing measuring unit includes: measurement
Module.
In the frequency stabilization unit of pump laser source, pump laser source selects narrow linewidth interferometric filter cavity semiconductor to swash
Light device, pump laser source are connected with pumping laser source driving circuit, and are controlled by pumping laser source driving circuit；Optoisolator
For preventing Laser feedback, pump laser source output frequency is influenced；Half-wave plate passes through rotatable half-wave in conjunction with polarization splitting prism
Angle between piece and polarization splitting prism adjusts the light intensity that integrated resonant cavity cavity is transmitted to from polarization splitting prism, i.e.,
The light intensity of pump light；Laser through polarization splitting prism reflection is through reflecting mirror, Modulation Transfer spectrum frequency stabilization module, servo feedback electricity
Error signal is fed back to pumping laser source driving circuit, realizes the frequency stabilization of pump laser source by road.
The material selection of the integrated resonant cavity cavity of four-level active light clock resonator unit has ultra low heat expansion system
Several monocrystalline silicon or devitrified glass reduces the variation of ambient temperature variation bring cavity length of the resonator chamber；Piezoelectric ceramic piece
Deformation quantity is greater than the half of clock optical maser wavelength, meets the requirement that cavity mold frequency range is greater than a Free Spectral Range；It is humorous
Vibration chamber hysteroscope-plane mirror resonant cavity hysteroscope-plano-concave mirror is embedded in respectively in integrated resonant cavity cavity, increases the machine of resonant cavity
Tool stability；Filled with pure Cs atom in gain media-alkali metal atom air chamber, gain media-alkali metal atom air chamber is built in
In integrated resonant cavity cavity, integrated resonant cavity inside cavity is vacuumized, and reduces influence of the air shake to clock laser；One
Change resonant cavity containment portion and place heating and thermal insulation module, make atom range of temperature less than 0.01 DEG C, reduces atom and atom
Between and atom and atomic air chamber between collide the frequency displacement and broadening of introducing；Magnetic screen module is placed outside heat preservation module, is subtracted
Zeeman frequency displacement caused by small external magnetic field is fluctuated and broadening.
Hyperfine level spacing measuring unit includes: measurement module by detector and frequency counter, and frequency counter is adopted
It uses caesium clock as external reference source, accurate measurement is carried out to frequency content entrained by output clock laser.
Carefully design resonant cavity mirror-plane mirror resonant cavity hysteroscope-plano-concave mirror filming parameter, makes atom gain line width
Less than cavity mold line width, (bad chamber laser work region, can refer to document: J.Chen, " Active optical clock, "
Chin.Sci.Bull 54, pp.348-352 (2009)), to make to need the clock laser work measured in bad cavity region, compare
In the laser of good cavity region there is chamber to draw inhibition advantage, is conducive to narrow clock laser linewidth；
Gain media of the gain media-alkali metal atom air chamber as clock laser, is placed in glass envelope, and glass envelope is circle
Cylindrical shell, both ends of the surface are smooth, will not cause the deformation of laser facula；Filled with alkali metal atom or alkali metal atom in glass envelope
And buffer gas；Alkali metal atom is one of rubidium, caesium, potassium；Buffer gas uses inert gas, such as argon, krypton or xenon, entirely
Temperature control system (heating and thermal insulation module) of main resonance cavity (integrated resonant cavity cavity) the external accuracy of temperature control less than 0.01 DEG C is used for
Heat and keep the temperature, reduce collision frequency displacement with it is broadening；
Integrated resonant cavity cavity is placed in magnetic screen box, and magnetic screen box selects four layers of permalloy manufacture, is reduced extraneous
Changes of magnetic field bring Zeeman frequency displacement with it is broadening；
Further, pump laser source selects super-narrow line width interferometric filter external cavity semiconductor laser, laser output
Frequency stabilization is composed in the modulated transfer of laser, can reduce the broadening of pump light bring line width.
Further, the jump frequency of the corresponding four-level quantized system of control pump light, makes all of required measurement state
There is population on hyperfine energy level, measurement module is made of detector and frequency counter, and wherein detector is for detecting two
The beat signal of a stimulated radiation clock laser, frequency counter use Cs atom for measuring to the signal detected
A kind of hyperfine level spacing of atom based on four-level active light clock is realized in external reference of the microwave clock as frequency counter
Measurement.
The hyperfine level spacing measurement based on four-level active light clock that it is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of
The implementation method of device.
The implementation method of hyperfine level spacing measuring device based on four-level active light clock of the invention, including it is following
Step:
1) glass envelope will be filled with as the alkali metal atom of active light clock gain media or alkali metal atom and buffer gas
In, glass envelope is placed in resonant cavity, and heat outside resonant cavity simultaneously temperature control, places magnetic cup in the outermost layer of resonant cavity
Box is covered, isolation external magnetic field fluctuates the influence to gain media；
2) for pumping laser source driving circuit for driving pump laser source to export laser, first passing around optoisolator prevents light
Feedback, using half-wave plate and polarization splitting prism, the angle between rotatable halfwave plate and polarization splitting prism is adjustable
The intensity of light and reflected light, pump light of the strong transmitted light as active light clock gain media are penetrated, weak reflected light is input to modulation and turns
Spectrum frequency stabilization module is moved, high performance Modulation Transfer spectrum signal is obtained, Modulation Transfer spectrum signal is returned by servo feedback electronic feedback
The controller and laser head of laser, realize the laser frequency lock of laser.Above step realizes the frequency stabilization of pump light.
In order to realize, being measured on hyperfine energy level for energy level has population on pump light, and the frequency of pump light cannot be just
The transition energy level of atom is corresponded to well, two hyperfine energy of the hyperfine energy level of energy level to upper energy level under being selected here
Grade intersects the transition at peak, for locking the pumping source frequency of four-level active light clock.
3) pump light of frequency stabilization makes have population on the hyperfine energy level for needing to measure hyperfine level spacing；Upper energy
The atomic reorganization of grade drops on the upper energy level of clock laser, using the weak feedback mechanism of active light clock resonant cavity, in transition
The relevant stimulated radiation of polyatom is formed between energy level, thus output carries the clock laser signal of multiple frequency contents；
After the modulated transfer spectrum frequency stabilization of transmitted light in step 2) by polarization splitting prism, pumping increases as active light clock
The alkali metal atom of beneficial medium, since hot atom has VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION, using Doppler effect, with certain speed and pump
Pu light is in the same direction with heterodromous atom group, and the pumping light frequency experienced just corresponds to different hyperfine energy levels, according to transition
Selection rule, so that needing to measure on the hyperfine energy level of hyperfine level spacing has population, the then atom of upper energy level
Spontaneous radiation drops on the upper energy level of clock laser, the final weak feedback mechanism using active light clock resonant cavity transition energy level it
Between form polyatom and be concerned with stimulated radiation, realize the clock laser signal output for carrying multiple frequency contents.
4) by changing the driving voltage of piezoelectric ceramic piece, adjusting cavity length of the resonator chamber, and then change resonant cavity cavity mold frequency,
The gain for the clock laser for carrying multiple frequency contents is set to be both greater than resonant cavity total losses.
5) the clock laser signal for carrying multiple frequency contents is sent to progress frequency interval measurement in measurement module, and will survey
Wavelength ratio of the frequency values of amount multiplied by pump light and clock laser, the hyperfine energy of treated frequency values are energy level on pump light
Grade interval.
Wherein, in step 1), the alkali metal atom as gain media is one of rubidium, caesium, potassium；Buffer gas is adopted
With inert gas, such as argon, krypton or xenon.
In step 2), pumping laser source driving circuit controls the operating temperature and electric current of laser, and adjusts laser
The voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of chamber.
In step 3), the cavity mirrors reflectivity of resonant cavity is lower, guarantees clock laser work in bad cavity region, i.e. gain media
The gain line width of atom be less than cavity mold line width, final determine output laser frequency is atom, and there is chamber to draw depression effect.
Using the Doppler effect and transition speed of hot atom, make that measured alkali metal atom second is needed to swash
Sending out on two hyperfine energy levels of state has population, is excited in conjunction with weak coupling interatomic within the scope of the bad chamber of active light clock cooperation
Behavior, make two speed groups atom can stimulated radiation output active light frequency standard signal, to the frequency of active light frequency standard signal
Rate ingredient is extracted and is measured, final two that alkali metal atom Second Excited State is directly measured using four-level active light clock
Frequency interval between hyperfine energy level.
Compared to traditional hyperfine energy level measuring technique, the present invention applies and combines Modulation Transfer spectrum Frequency Stabilization Technique, bad
The weak feedback technique of cavity region resonant cavity and hot atom Doppler effect, the present invention are different from traditional double resonance spectrometry or straight
The method for connecing measurement, the weak coupling cooperation between innovation and application active light clock gain media-atom are excited behavior, pass through selection and close
The frequency of suitable four-level active light clock pump light, utilizes Doppler effect and transition speed, the atom of two speed groups
The output of clock laser is all contributed, and directly exports clock transition signal using the stimulated radiation of quantum frame of reference, so that clock laser
There are two frequency contents in output signal, by directly measuring the frequency content of clock laser, or two frequencies of indirect measurement
The beat frequency rate of ingredient, and difference on the frequency can be accurately measured into four-level multiplied by the ratio between pump wavelength and clock optical maser wavelength
The hyperfine level spacing of energy level on active light clock pump light.Advantage and chamber traction with narrow quantum limit line width inhibit excellent
Gesture is, it can be achieved that higher measurement accuracy.
The hyperfine level spacing measuring device of atom proposed by the present invention based on four-level active light clock and method are main
It has the advantage that
1. innovation and application of the present invention and the measurement for combining the multi-party surface technology realization hyperfine level spacing of atom, comprising: adjust
System transfer spectrum Frequency Stabilization Technique, the weak feedback technique of bad cavity region resonant cavity, hot atom Doppler effect, innovative utilization four-level
Active light clock realizes the measurement of the hyperfine level spacing of atom；
2. with traditional different, innovation and application active light clock of the present invention using double resonance spectrometry or method measured directly
Behavior is excited in weak coupling cooperation between gain media-atom, and the stimulated radiation of quantum frame of reference directly exports clock transition signal,
Advantage with narrow quantum limit line width, therefore, method proposed by the present invention can greatly improve the hyperfine level spacing of atom
Measurement accuracy；
3. there is output frequency preferable chamber to draw depression effect, so right since clock laser work is in bad cavity region
Change of cavity length caused by ambient temperature changes is insensitive；
Therefore, the measurement method that the present invention realizes has higher measurement accuracy, and simple in measurement system structure, simultaneously
This method can also be expanded to pervasively on otheralkali metal four-level active light master slave system, between abundant energy level hyperfine in the world
Every measurable amount, improve measurement accuracy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the related energy level of the hyperfine level spacing measuring device provided by the invention based on four-level active light clock
Transition figure；
Wherein, 1 indicate four-level active light master slave system in ground state a hyperfine energy level F；3,4, which respectively indicate second, swashs
Send out two hyperfine energy level F1 ' and F2 ' of state；2 indicate the transition of F to F1 ' and F2 ' cross spider；5 indicate four-level quantized system
The upper energy level of clock transition energy level；7 indicate the lower energy level of four-level quantized system clock transition energy level；6 indicate active light frequency standard signal.
Fig. 2 is the structure of the embodiment of the hyperfine level spacing measuring device of the invention based on four-level active light clock
Schematic diagram；
Wherein, 1-pump laser source；2-pumping laser source driving circuits；3-optoisolators；4-half-wave plates；5-partially
Shake Amici prism；6-reflecting mirrors；7-Modulation Transfers compose frequency stabilization module；8-servo feedback circuits；9-piezoelectric ceramic pieces；10—
Active light clock resonant cavity (main resonance cavity) hysteroscope-plane mirror；11-active light clock gain medias-alkali metal atom air chamber；12—
Main resonance cavity hysteroscope-plano-concave mirror；13-heating and thermal insulation modules；14-magnetic screen modules；15-measurement modules.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, by specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
The present invention provides a kind of completely new hyperfine level spacing measuring device based on four-level active light clock and in fact
Existing method realizes atom superfinishing using the Doppler effect of hot atom and the weak feedback mechanism of optics of bad cavity region resonant cavity
Thin level spacing measurement, is able to ascend the precision of the measurement hyperfine level spacing of atom.
The present invention passes through the weak feedback technique of optics of Modulation Transfer frequency stabilization and bad cavity region, utilizes Doppler effect and transition
Selection rule makes have population on measured hyperfine energy level, in conjunction between bad cavity region atom weak coupling cooperation by
Swash behavior, the atom-exciting of friction speed group is made to emit output clock laser signal, the jump frequency using quantum frame of reference is straight
Connect the hyperfine level spacing of measurement.Compared to other methods, the present invention utilizes quantum frame of reference stimulated radiation directly defeated for the first time
The hyperfine level spacing of clock laser measurement with different frequency ingredient out, quantum limit line width are very narrow；Clock laser work exists
There is bad cavity region chamber traction to inhibit effect；It can pervasively expand on otheralkali metal four-level active light master slave system, enrich
The measurable amount and precision of the hyperfine energy level of atom.
Fig. 1 is the related energy level of the hyperfine level spacing measuring device provided by the invention based on four-level active light clock
Transition figure；Wherein, 1 indicate four-level active light master slave system in ground state a hyperfine energy level F；3,4, which respectively indicate second, swashs
Send out two hyperfine energy level F1 ' and F2 ' of state；2 indicate the transition of F to F1 ' and F2 ' cross spider；5 indicate four-level quantized system
The upper energy level of clock transition energy level；7 indicate the lower energy level of four-level quantized system clock transition energy level；6 indicate active light frequency standard signal.
Fig. 2 show the knot of the embodiment of the hyperfine level spacing measuring device the present invention is based on four-level active light clock
Structure, the hyperfine level spacing measuring device based on four-level active light clock of the present embodiment include: pump laser source 1, pumping
Laser source driving circuit 2, optoisolator 3, half-wave plate 4, polarization splitting prism 5, reflecting mirror 6, Modulation Transfer spectrum frequency stabilization module 7,
Servo feedback circuit 8, piezoelectric ceramic piece 9, active light clock resonant cavity (main resonance cavity) hysteroscope-plane mirror 10, active light clock gain
Medium-alkali metal atom air chamber 11, main resonance cavity hysteroscope-plano-concave mirror 12, integrated resonant cavity cavity, heating and thermal insulation module 13,
Magnetic screen module 14, measurement module 15.
Wherein, filled with pure Cs atom, 10 He of main resonance cavity hysteroscope in active light clock gain media-alkali metal atom air chamber 11
12 are embedded in integrated resonant cavity cavity, and the material selection of resonant cavity cavity has the monocrystalline silicon or micro- of ultra-low thermal expansion
Crystal glass reduces the variation of ambient temperature variation bring cavity length of the resonator chamber；Alkali metal atom air chamber 11 is built in resonance
In chamber cavity, resonant cavity inside cavity is vacuumized, and reduces influence of the air shake to bad chamber laser；Containment portion is placed heating and is protected
Warm module 13 makes atom range of temperature less than 0.01 DEG C, reduce between atom and atom and atom and atomic air chamber it
Between collide the frequency displacement and broadening of introducing；Magnetic screen module 14 is placed outside heat preservation module, reduces plug caused by the fluctuation of external magnetic field
Graceful frequency displacement and broadening；Carefully design main resonance cavity filming parameter makes atom gain line width much smaller than cavity mold line width, to make Zhong Ji
Light works in bad cavity region；The band of piezoelectric ceramic piece 9 is wider than 30kHz, meets cavity mold frequency range greater than a freedom
The requirement of spectral region；Half-wave plate 4 is combined with polarization splitting prism 5, by between rotatable halfwave plate and polarization splitting prism
Angle adjusts the light intensity that main resonance cavity is transmitted to from polarization splitting prism, the i.e. light intensity of pump light；Pump laser source 1 is selected narrow
Line width interferometric filter external cavity semiconductor laser, is controlled by pumping laser source driving circuit 2, and the laser of laser output is through adjusting
System transfer spectrum 7 frequency stabilization of frequency stabilization module, it is broadening to reduce pump light bring clock laser linewidth；Measurement module 15 is by detector and frequency
Counter composition, frequency counter, as external reference source, carry out frequency content entrained by output clock laser using caesium clock
Accurate measurement.
In the present embodiment, active light clock gain media-alkali metal atom uses 133 atom of caesium, and is based on four-level master
Dynamic light clock measures 133 atom 7P of caesium1/2Frequency interval between the hyperfine energy level F=3 and F=4 of state.Due to Cs atom electronics knot
Structure is relatively easy, in the ground state hyperfine levels transition frequency for being just defined on 133 atom of caesium of time reference second, leads in metering
Domain has status outstanding, so the present embodiment selects 133 atom of caesium；Currently, multiple study groups have carried out about about caesium original
The hyperfine energy structure measurement of sub- excitation state, but about Cs atom 7P1/2Only there are two grind for the measurement of state Hyperfine level structure
Study carefully unit to be reported respectively at 1962 and 2018, the precision of experimental data is to be improved, so the present embodiment measures
133 atom 7P of caesium1/2Frequency interval between the hyperfine energy level F=3 and F=4 of state.
Pump laser source 1 uses super-narrow line width interferometric filter external cavity semiconductor laser, and Output of laser wavelength is
459nm, and the frequency of pumping laser source laser is locked in by Modulation Transfer spectrum frequency stabilization module 7, servo feedback circuit 8
459nm pump light is locked in ground state 6S1/2F=4 to first excited state 7P1/2F '=3&4 intersects on the transition line at peak, due to pyrogen
Son has VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION, and the 459nm pumping light frequency of the atom impression of friction speed group is different, is known by selection rule, two speed
Spend the ground state 6S of group1/2Atom can by respectively pumping arrive 7P1/2(superfinishing on hyperfine energy level F '=3 of two of state and F '=4
Thin level spacing is Δ ν): (1) it with pump light in the same direction moves, speed is 1~+459.3nm of υ × Δ ν/2 speed group's atom, sense
The pumping light frequency being subject to corresponds to 6S1/2F=4-7P1/2The transition of F '=3；(2) with the counter motion of 459nm pump light, speed υ
2~-459.3nm × Δ ν/2 speed group's atom, the pumping light frequency experienced correspond to 6S1/2F=4-7P1/2The jump of F '=4
It moves；The atom of the two speed group can spontaneous radiation to 7S1/2The hyperfine energy level in F "=4, utilizes the resonant cavity of bad cavity region
Weak feedback mechanism, finally in 7S1/2And 6P3/2Population inversion is formed between energy level, stimulated radiation exports corresponding 7S1/2F "=4-
6P3/2The 1470nm clock laser of F " '=5, then the frequency difference Δ f of the atom-exciting radiation spectrum of the two speed group are as follows: Δ ν *
(459nm/1470nm) counter can push away 7P by measurement frequency difference Δ f1/2The hyperfine level spacing Δ ν of state finally utilizes four
The Doppler shift measurement Cs atom 7P of energy level active light clock1/2State Hyperfine level structure.
The hyperfine level spacing measuring device and its implementation based on four-level active light clock of the present embodiment, including
Following steps:
1) active light clock gain media-alkali metal Cs atom is filled in glass envelope, glass envelope is placed in integrated resonance
In chamber cavity, and heating and thermal insulation module 13 is placed outside integrated resonant cavity and heat simultaneously temperature control, place magnetic in outermost layer
Shroud module 14 reduces influence of the external magnetic field fluctuation to gain media Cs atom；
2) for driving pump laser source 1 to export laser, first pass around isolator 3 prevents pumping laser source driving circuit 2
Light feedback rotates between the first half-wave plate 4 and polarization splitting prism 5 using the first half-wave plate 4 and polarization splitting prism 5
The intensity of angle adjustable transmitted light and reflected light, strong transmitted light are used to pump the Cs atom in main resonance cavity, weak reflected light
It is input to Modulation Transfer spectrum frequency stabilization module 7, obtains high performance Modulation Transfer spectrum signal, Modulation Transfer spectrum signal is anti-by servo
Current feed circuit 8 feeds back to pumping laser source driving circuit 2, thus by the laser frequency lock of laser in 133 atomic ground state of caesium
6S1/2F=4 to first excited state 7P1/2F '=3&4 intersects on the transition spectral line at peak.Above step realizes the steady of pump light source
Frequently.
3) alkali metal atom is pumped after the modulated transfer spectrum frequency stabilization of the transmitted light of polarization splitting prism 5 in step 2)
Cs atom in gas chamber 11, forms that polyatom is relevant to be excited spoke by the weak feedback of main resonance cavity between Cs atom transition energy level
It penetrates, output carries the clock laser of two frequency contents.
4) by changing the driving voltage of piezoelectric ceramic piece 9, cavity length of the resonator chamber is adjusted, and then change resonant cavity cavity mold frequency
Rate makes the gain for the clock laser for carrying multiple frequency contents be both greater than resonant cavity total losses.
5) the clock laser signal for carrying multiple frequency contents is sent to progress frequency interval measurement in measurement module 15, and will
The frequency values of measurement are multiplied by the wavelength ratio of pump light and clock laser, and treated, and frequency values are the hyperfine of energy level on pump light
Level spacing.
Wherein, in step 1), active light clock gain media-alkali metal atom is pure 133 atom of caesium, is also possible to rubidium 87
With 85 atom adding buffer gas, buffer gas uses inert gas, such as argon, krypton or xenon.
In step 2), pumping laser source driving circuit 2 controls the operating temperature and electric current of pump laser source 1, and adjusts
The voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of laser chamber.
In step 3), the cavity mirrors reflectivity of main resonance cavity is very low, guarantees 1470nm laser work in bad cavity region, i.e. original
The gain line width of son is much smaller than cavity mold line width, and final decision laser output frequency is atom, compared to conventional laser utensil
There is smaller quantum limit line width.
It is finally noted that the purpose for publicizing and implementing example is to help to further understand the present invention, but this field
Technical staff be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, it is various replacement and repair
It is all possible for changing.For example identical device and method can be applied to the alkali metal atoms such as rubidium, potassium, sodium.Therefore, the present invention does not answer
It is confined to embodiment disclosure of that, the scope of protection of present invention is subject to the scope defined in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of hyperfine level spacing measuring device based on four-level active light clock, comprising: the frequency of pump laser source is steady
Order member, four-level active light clock resonator unit, hyperfine level spacing measuring unit, and be sequentially connected and connect；
The frequency stabilization unit of pump laser source includes: pump laser source, pumping laser source driving circuit, optoisolator, half-wave
Piece, polarization splitting prism, reflecting mirror, Modulation Transfer compose frequency stabilization module, servo feedback circuit；
Four-level active light clock resonator unit includes: integrated resonant cavity cavity, piezoelectric ceramic piece, resonant cavity mirror-plane
Mirror, gain media-alkali metal atom air chamber, resonant cavity mirror-plano-concave mirror, heating and thermal insulation module, magnetic screen module；
Hyperfine level spacing measuring unit includes measurement module；
In the frequency stabilization unit of pump laser source, pump laser source is connected with pumping laser source driving circuit, and by pumping
The control of laser source driving circuit；Isolator influences pump laser source output frequency for preventing Laser feedback；Half-wave plate and polarization
Amici prism combines, and by the angle between rotatable halfwave plate and polarization splitting prism, adjusting is transmitted to from polarization splitting prism
The light intensity of the pump laser source of resonant cavity；Through polarization splitting prism reflection laser through reflecting mirror, Modulation Transfer spectrum frequency stabilization module,
Error signal is fed back to pumping laser source driving circuit, realizes the frequency stabilization of pump laser source by servo feedback circuit；
In four-level active light clock resonator unit: the deformation quantity of piezoelectric ceramic piece is greater than the half of clock optical maser wavelength；Resonant cavity
Hysteroscope-plane mirror resonant cavity hysteroscope-plano-concave mirror is embedded in respectively in integrated resonant cavity cavity；Integrated resonant cavity cavity is set
In magnetic screen box；Resonant cavity mirror-plane mirror resonant cavity hysteroscope-plano-concave mirror filming parameter makes atom gain line width
Less than cavity mold line width；Filled with pure Cs atom in gain media-alkali metal atom air chamber, in gain media-alkali metal atom air chamber
It is placed in integrated resonant cavity cavity；Integrated resonant cavity inside cavity vacuumizes；Integrated resonant cavity containment portion, which is placed, to be added
Hot heat preservation module, for making atom range of temperature less than 0.01 DEG C；Magnetic screen module is placed outside heat preservation module；Gain is situated between
Matter-alkali metal atom air chamber is used as the gain media of clock laser, is placed in glass envelope；Glass envelope is cylindrical housings, both ends
Face is smooth；Filled with alkali metal atom or alkali metal atom and buffer gas in glass envelope；
In hyperfine level spacing measuring unit, measurement module includes detector and frequency counter；The detector is for visiting
Survey the beat signal of two stimulated radiation clock laser；The frequency counter, as external reference source, is used for spy using caesium clock
Frequency content entrained by the output clock laser signal measured carries out accurate measurement, realizes the atom based on four-level active light clock
Hyperfine level spacing measurement.
2. as described in claim 1 based on the hyperfine level spacing measuring device of four-level active light clock, characterized in that pumping
Pump laser source in the frequency stabilization unit of laser source uses narrow linewidth interferometric filter external cavity semiconductor laser.
3. as described in claim 1 based on the hyperfine level spacing measuring device of four-level active light clock, characterized in that four energy
The material of integrated resonant cavity cavity in grade active light clock resonator unit uses the monocrystalline silicon with ultra-low thermal expansion
Or devitrified glass.
4. as described in claim 1 based on the hyperfine level spacing measuring device of four-level active light clock, characterized in that place
The alkali metal atom filled in gain media-alkali metal atom air chamber glass envelope is one of rubidium, caesium, potassium；Buffer gas is adopted
Use inert gas.
5. as described in claim 1 based on the hyperfine level spacing measuring device of four-level active light clock, characterized in that place
The making material of the magnetic screen box of integrated resonant cavity cavity is four layers of permalloy.
6. a kind of hyperfine level spacing measurement method based on four-level active light clock, using based on four-level active light clock
Hyperfine level spacing measuring device realizes hyperfine level spacing measurement；The hyperfine energy based on four-level active light clock
Grade interval measurement device, comprising: the frequency stabilization unit of pump laser source, four-level active light clock resonator unit, hyperfine
Level spacing measuring unit, and be sequentially connected and connect；The frequency stabilization unit of pump laser source includes: pump laser source, pumps and swash
Light source driving circuit, optoisolator, half-wave plate, polarization splitting prism, reflecting mirror, Modulation Transfer compose frequency stabilization module, servo feedback
Circuit；Four-level active light clock resonator unit includes: integrated resonant cavity cavity, piezoelectric ceramic piece, resonant cavity mirror-plane
Mirror, gain media-alkali metal atom air chamber, resonant cavity mirror-plano-concave mirror, heating and thermal insulation module, magnetic screen module；Hyperfine energy
Grade interval measurement unit includes measurement module；
Hyperfine level spacing measurement method the following steps are included:
1) it will be filled in glass envelope as the alkali metal atom of active light clock gain media or alkali metal atom and buffer gas；It will
Glass envelope is placed in resonant cavity, and heat outside resonant cavity simultaneously temperature control；Magnetic screen box is placed in the outermost layer of resonant cavity,
Completely cut off influence of the external magnetic field fluctuation to gain media；
2) laser is exported with pumping laser source driving circuit transfer tube Pu laser source；
Laser, which first passes around optoisolator, prevents light from feeding back, using half-wave plate and polarization splitting prism；Pass through rotatable halfwave plate
The intensity of angular adjustment transmitted light and reflected light between polarization splitting prism；
Strong pump light of the transmitted light as active light clock gain media, weak reflected light are input to Modulation Transfer spectrum frequency stabilization module, obtain
To high performance Modulation Transfer spectrum signal；
Modulation Transfer spectrum signal returns the controller and laser head of pump laser source, locking laser frequency by servo feedback electronic feedback
Rate is achieved in the frequency stabilization of pump light；
The frequency of pump light selects the jump at two hyperfine level-crossing peaks of a hyperfine energy level to the upper energy level of lower energy level
Move, for locking the pumping source frequency of four-level active light clock so that on pump light energy level be measured on hyperfine energy level
There is population；
3) on the hyperfine energy level of hyperfine level spacing to be measured, the atomic reorganization of upper energy level drops to clock laser
On upper energy level, using the weak feedback mechanism of active light clock resonant cavity, the relevant stimulated radiation of polyatom is formed between transition energy level,
Thus output carries the clock laser signal of multiple frequency contents；
4) cavity length of the resonator chamber is adjusted by changing the driving voltage of piezoelectric ceramic piece, and then changes resonant cavity cavity mold frequency, make to take
The gain of clock laser with multiple frequency contents is both greater than resonant cavity total losses；
5) the clock laser signal for carrying multiple frequency contents is sent to progress frequency interval measurement in measurement module, and will measurement
Wavelength ratio of the frequency values multiplied by pump light and clock laser, the hyperfine energy level of treated frequency values are energy level on pump light
Interval.
7. as claimed in claim 6 based on the hyperfine level spacing measurement method of four-level active light clock, characterized in that step
1) in, the alkali metal atom as gain media is one of rubidium, caesium, potassium；Buffer gas using inert gas argon, krypton or
Xenon.
8. as claimed in claim 6 based on the hyperfine level spacing measurement method of four-level active light clock, characterized in that step
2) in, the operating temperature and electric current of laser are controlled by pumping laser source driving circuit, and adjust the long piezoelectricity of laser chamber
The voltage of ceramics.
9. as claimed in claim 6 based on the hyperfine level spacing measurement method of four-level active light clock, characterized in that step
3) in, the gain line width of the atom of gain media is less than cavity mold line width, and the cavity mirrors reflectivity of resonant cavity makes clock laser work exist
Bad cavity region.
10. as claimed in claim 6 based on the hyperfine level spacing measurement method of four-level active light clock, characterized in that
The relevant stimulated radiation output of polyatom, original within the scope of the bad chamber of active light clock are formed between the clock transition energy level of four-level quantized system
Weak coupling cooperation between son is excited so that the equal stimulated radiation output active light frequency standard signal of the atom of friction speed group, extracts and survey
The frequency content for measuring active light frequency standard signal, is achieved in that directly to measure alkali metal atom using four-level active light clock hyperfine
Frequency interval between energy level.
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