CN110286027A - Consider that the riverbank soil body of red building root system influence washes away the quantization method of parameter - Google Patents
Consider that the riverbank soil body of red building root system influence washes away the quantization method of parameter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the quantization methods that a kind of riverbank soil body that consideration red building root system influences washes away parameter, comprising: the first step, using glass flume as test flume, and the trapezoidal test section of setting section in glass flume；Second step, test section is interior to carry out covering washout test without red building root system, and fits the numerical relation for starting shearing stress and coefficient of scouring；Third step has carried out red building root system covering washout test in test section, has obtained and start shearing stress and root system closeness, the numerical relation of dry density and coefficient of scouring and root system closeness, the numerical relation of dry density under different red building root system modes of emplacement；4th step calculates the starting shearing stress of section according to shearing stress and root system closeness, the numerical relation of dry density is started；5th step calculates the coefficient of scouring of section according to coefficient of scouring and root system closeness, the numerical relation of dry density.The influence of red building root system is introduced into the riverbank soil body to wash away in the quantization of parameter, can get more accurate quantizating index.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the riverbank soil body wash away parameter quantification technique field more particularly to it is a kind of consider red building root system influence
The riverbank soil body washes away the quantization method of parameter.
Background technique
Under flow action, the soil body is easy to be washed, especially riverbank, and the bank soils such as loke shore wash away more serious.?
Xinjiang Tarim River Basin, the Typical Desert vegetation based on red building are being reduced, and washing away for the littoral soil body is more serious, are led to
Field research discovery is crossed, the riverbank soil body containing vegetation root system is not easy by current scour.Vegetation root system phase interpenetrating in the soil body
It inserts, winds the soil body, enhance the impact resistance of the soil body, reduce the intergranular degree of scatter of the soil body, make the soil body in flow action
Under be difficult to start up.And the main quantizating index of fixed effect of root system is the starting shearing stress and coefficient of scouring of the soil body, passes through meter
The starting shearing stress and coefficient of scouring for calculating the soil body containing vegetation root system, can provide relevant theory for the Scrubbing Study of the riverbank soil body
Foundation
Correlative study has been done to the starting shearing stress and coefficient of scouring of the soil body both at home and abroad at present, has also summed up some startings
The empirical equation of shearing stress and coefficient of scouring.But there is presently no study under vegetation root system and soil body collective effect to the riverbank soil body
The specific quantizating index for starting shearing stress and coefficient of scouring, does not account for influence of the red building root system to river bank scouring parameter yet.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of riverbank soil bodys that consideration red building root system influences to wash away the quantization method of parameter, with
Obtain more accurate quantizating index.
The present invention considers that the riverbank soil body that red building root system influences washes away the quantization method of parameter, and the riverbank soil body washes away ginseng
Number includes the starting shearing stress and coefficient of scouring of the riverbank soil body；Comprising steps of
The first step, using glass flume as test flume, the setting of glass flume water inlet adjusts the valve of flow, glass flume tail
Triangular weir is arranged in portion, is used to measuring flow；Section trapezoidal test section is set in glass flume, takes three in test section
A equidistant section, is denoted as 1-1,2-2,3-3 respectively；
Second step, no red building root system cover washout test, specifically:
The compaction in layers in test section by soil sample, and sprinkling maintenance start washout test to soil sample natural subsidence after a week；
It is layered soil sampling before test, measures the dry density and moisture content of soil sample；Washout test is carried out, different water cut and dry density are obtained
The lower coefficient of scouring data for starting shearing stress value and three sections, and fit the numerical value pass for starting shearing stress and coefficient of scouring
System, is denoted as numerical relation I；
Third step has red building root system to cover washout test, specifically:
Red building root system is uniformly implanted into 1-1,2-2,3-3 section with different modes of emplacement, and close in different red building root systems
Row washout test respectively under intensity, measures the corresponding starting shearing stress number of every kind of modes of emplacement under different root system closenesses respectively
According to；It is fitted, obtains and start shearing stress and root system closeness, the numerical relation of dry density under different modes of emplacement, which closes
System is denoted as numerical relation II；
According to test data, respectively to coefficient of scouring under different modes of emplacement and start shearing stress between numerical relation into
Row fitting, the numerical relation fitted are denoted as numerical relation III；In conjunction with numerical relation II and numerical relation III, obtains difference and put
It sets coefficient of scouring and root system closeness, the numerical relation of dry density, the numerical relation under mode and is denoted as numerical relation IV；
4th step, according to red building root system modes of emplacement on section, by section root system closeness and dry density substitute into should
In the corresponding numerical relation II of modes of emplacement, the starting shearing stress of the section is calculated；
5th step, according to red building root system modes of emplacement on section, by section root system closeness and dry density substitute into should
In the corresponding numerical relation IV of modes of emplacement, the coefficient of scouring of the section is calculated.
Further, the test soil body is derived from from the Main Stream of Tarim River riverbank soil body, and the red building root system is derived from Tarim Basin
The red building seedling that river mainstream bank is grown naturally.
Further, in second step, the numerical relation for starting shearing stress and coefficient of scouring is fitted specifically:
Firstly, according to shearing stress data are started, fitting starts the numerical relation of shearing stress and dry density；
Then, according to test result, different water cut is obtained, dry density soil sample washes away speed under different water flow shearing stress
Rate ε, according to formula ε=kd(τf-τc) inverse coefficient of scouring kd, obtain the coefficient of scouring k of each section soil sampledAnd start shearing stress
τc；
Finally, respectively to the k of each sectiondWith τcData are fitted, and obtain kdWith τcFit correlation, i.e. numerical relation I.
Further, kdWith τcFit correlation be kd=4.6 × 10-4τc 0.418。
Further, difference modes of emplacement described in third step includes that vertical placement, slant setting and intersection are placed.
Further, in third step, red building root system is synchronous with soil sample laying to be carried out, and settles red building root system together with soil sample
Consolidation starts washout test after formation radical operators in one week.
Further, difference modes of emplacement described in third step includes that vertical placement, slant setting and intersection are placed；Its
In:
Shearing stress τ is started under vertical modes of emplacementcrWith root system closeness RVD, dry density ρdNumerical relation are as follows:
τcr=0.083 ρd 5.11RVD0.186；
Shearing stress τ is started under slant setting modecrWith root system closeness RVD, dry density ρdNumerical relation are as follows:
τcr=0.077 ρd 5.11RVD0.190；
Intersect and starts shearing stress τ under modes of emplacementcrWith root system closeness RVD, dry density ρdNumerical relation are as follows:
τcr=0.083 ρd 5.11RVD0.129。
Further, difference modes of emplacement described in third step includes that vertical placement, slant setting and intersection are placed；Its
In:
Coefficient k is washed away under vertical modes of emplacementdrWith root system closeness RVD, dry density ρdNumerical relation are as follows:
kdr=8.9 × 10-4ρd -8.53RVD-0.311；
Coefficient k is washed away under slant setting modedrWith root system closeness RVD, dry density ρdNumerical relation are as follows:
kdr=7.2 × 10-4ρd -7.05RVD-0.262；
Coefficient k is washed away under intersection modes of emplacementdrWith root system closeness RVD, dry density ρdNumerical relation are as follows:
kdr=22.6 × 10-4ρd -12.21RVD-0.308。
The invention has the characteristics that and the utility model has the advantages that
The influence of red building root system is introduced into the riverbank soil body and washed away in the quantization of parameter by the present invention, to obtain more accurately quantization
Index.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the top view of experimental rig employed in embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the grading curve that the soil body is tested in embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the distribution schematic diagram of red building root system in embodiment, wherein figure (a) is vertical placement schematic diagram, and figure (b) is
Slant setting schematic diagram, figure (c) are that schematic diagram is placed in intersection；
Fig. 4 is according to test data acquisition in embodiment without red building root system riverbank soil body τcWith ρdMatched curve；
Fig. 5 is according to test data acquisition in embodiment without red building root system riverbank soil body kdWith τcMatched curve；
Fig. 6 is the comparison of analog result and measured result without red building root system riverbank soil body coefficient of scouring in embodiment；
Fig. 7 is to have red building root system the riverbank soil body RVD and τ in embodimentcrRelational graph；
Fig. 8 is to have the red building root system riverbank soil body to start shearing stress calculated result and measured result comparison in embodiment；
Fig. 9 is to have red building root system riverbank soil body k in embodimentdrWith τcrRelational graph.
Figure 10 is to have red building root system riverbank soil body coefficient of scouring calculated result and measured result to compare in embodiment.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Embodiment
The present embodiment carries out in a glass flume, and referring to Fig. 1, used glass flume length 20m, wide 0.5m are high
0.5m, the sink base slope gradient 1 ‰, sink import set the gate of regulating flow quantity, the tail-gate water level controlled of sink end, tail portion
There is a triangular weir, the flow in sink can be measured.Test soil sample compaction in layers is formed into test section in sink, is tried
Section soil body gradient is tested to intend taking Tarimhe River Shaya bridge (82 ° 8 ' 39.4 of longitude " 40 ° 51 ' 35.5 of latitude ") section slope nearby
Degree.The test section is at sink import 7.5m, and it is highly 0.2m that test segment length, which is 2m, width 0.2m, gradient m=2:
1, test section section be it is trapezoidal, test section section structure can be found in Fig. 3, in test section section every 0.5m take 1-1,2-2,
Tri- sections of 3-3.
It tests soil sample and comes from the Main Stream of Tarim River riverbank soil body, sample position is at the first teacher of the Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang 12
3 kilometers below Tarimhe River eldest child's bridge, the soil body is the non-sticky soil body herein.Wherein grains of sand content is 81.8%, and clay content is
18.2%, taken soil body grading curve is as shown in Figure 2.Test is derived from Tarimhe River with red building category shrub plant sociales
The red building seedling that mainstream bank is grown naturally.
The present embodiment test includes that no red building root system covering washout test (being denoted as test I) is washed away with there is the covering of red building root system
(being denoted as test II) two parts are tested, carry out the parameter experiment that washes away of the soil body, including starting conditions and coefficient of scouring test respectively,
Wherein coefficient of scouring mainly passes through the soil body in the observation unit time and washes away width, and be washed rate, and inverse obtains.
(1) I is tested
Soil sample compaction in layers will be tested in the sink first, secondly sprinkling maintenance makes the test soil body connect with the original state soil body
Closely, soil body natural subsidence starts to test after a week.The test soil body was taken with cutting ring layering before on-test, is measured after baking oven is dried
The dry density and moisture content of each layer soil body, the dry density and moisture content of different layer soil bodies are different；Test is substantially carried out starting
Condition and coefficient of scouring test, so that the starting shearing stress value and three washing away for section that obtain under various soil mass dry density are
Number test result.
Test I is divided into 6 groups, is respectively 1.26g/cm in dry density3, 1.30g/cm3, 1.33g/cm3, 1.38g/cm3,
1.42g/cm3, 1.46g/cm3Under tested, measure 6 groups of starting shearing stress values.It starts shearing stress and refers to that silt moves Shi Shuiliu on a small quantity
To the shearing stress of the soil body, when a burst of smoke-like of silt surface appearance and there is a little pit and is judged as a small amount of dynamic in silt surface.
For each soil body, that measures the soil body respectively washes away width, washes away rate according to width calculating is washed away, anti-according to rate is washed away
Push away coefficient of scouring.
Shearing stress τ of the water flow to the soil bodyfIt is calculated and is obtained using formula (1), start water when shearing stress, that is, silt moves on a small quantity
Flow shearing stress:
τf=γ RJ (1)
In formula (1), τfFor water flow shearing stress, unit: N/m2；γ is the bulk density of water, unit: N/m3；R is hydraulic radius, single
Position: m；J is hydraulic gradient.
(2) II is tested
Red building root system is covered on the test soil body every 1.5cm, wherein 1-1 section is placed vertically, the inclination of 2-2 section is put
It sets, the intersection placement of 3-3 section, vertical place refers to red building root system in the growing surface of 90 degree of insertion sections, referring to shown in Fig. 3 (a)；
Slant setting refers to red building root system in the growing surface of 45 degree of insertion sections, referring to shown in Fig. 3 (b)；Intersection, which is placed, refers to section growing surface
Same point inclination insertion two intersection red building root systems, referring to shown in Fig. 3 (c).In different red building root system closenesses and difference
Under red building Root Distribution mode, test soil body initial velocity is measured respectively and washes away width, is obtained with heterogeneity in this way
That three sections of soil sample are tested under index washes away parameter experiment result.Wherein, the calculation method of initial velocity are as follows: utilize weir
Flow when measurement starts, according to each mean velocity in section of flow inverse, i.e. initial velocity；Starting is state when silt moves on a small quantity；
It washes away width and is directly measured by stylus.
For guarantee root system preferable fixation is played in the soil body, by root system it is synchronous with the soil body layings progress, root system and
The test soil body starts to test for Settlement Consolidation one week after formation radical operators together.
It is 1.30g/cm that red building root system, which is covered on dry density,3Test soil sample on, according to red building root system shown in table 1 point
Mode for cloth is tested with red building root system volume density, and root system volume density refers to the volume of root system in unit soil body volume.Test
II amounts to 5 groups, and (test soil body 1-1 section root system is placed vertically, 2-2 section root system slant setting, and the intersection of 3-3 section root system is put
It sets).The corresponding starting shearing stress of difference root system volume density under every kind of red building Root Distribution mode is measured respectively and washes away rate,
And coefficient of scouring is calculated.
1 red building root system volume density of table and distribution mode table
The calculating for washing away parameter to the riverbank soil body is described in detail below.
One, parameter is washed away without the red building root system riverbank soil body to calculate
(1) soil body starts shearing stress and calculates
According to test result, obtains no red building root system soil body and start shearing stress τcWith dry density ρdBetween relationship such as Fig. 4 institute
Show, both sides relation be fitted to obtain:
τc=0.046 ρd 5.11 (2)
In formula (2), τcTo start shearing stress, unit: N/m2；ρdFor soil body dry density, unit: g/cm3.It is fitted phase relation
Number R2=0.936.
(2) soil body coefficient of scouring in riverbank calculates
The rate of washing away of the riverbank soil body is mainly acted on by the antiscour of flow action (size of water flow shearing stress) and the soil body
(soil body starts shearing stress and coefficient of scouring) determines.Water flow is represented by the rate ε that washes away on riverbank
ε=kd(τf-τc) (3)
In formula (3), ε is to wash away rate, unit: m/s；kdFor the coefficient of scouring of the soil body, unit: m3/(N·s)；τfFor water
Flow shearing stress, unit: N/m2。
According to test result (test result is shown in Table 2), different water cut can be obtained, the dry density soil body is cut in different water flows and answered
Rate value ε is washed away under power, wherein is washed away rate for the soil body unit time and is washed away width.It is washed according to formula (3) inverse
Coefficient kd, it may be assumed that
kd=ε/(τf-τc) (4)
The test result of the test of table 2 I
The coefficient of scouring k of 1-1 section, 2-2 section, the 3-3 section soil body is respectively obtained according to formula (4)dWith starting shearing stress τc
Between relation curve, as shown in Figure 5.
Respectively to 1-1 section, 2-2 section, the 3-3 section soil body coefficient of scouring kdWith starting shearing stress τcBetween relationship
Being fitted can obtain:
kd=4.6 × 10-4τc 0.418 (5)
The coefficient R of matched curve2It is 0.959.
The coefficient of scouring under different soil samples starting shearing stress is calculated with formula (5), and is compared with measured result, as a result such as
Shown in Fig. 6.The two maximum absolute error is 4.4%, least absolute error 0.1%, mean error 2.0%, absolute error
Respectively less than 5%, illustrate that the calculated result of formula (5) fully meets required precision.
Two, the red building root system riverbank soil body washes away parameter calculating
(1) influence of the red building root system to shearing stress is started
The starting shearing stress value under red building different distributions mode and distribution density has been obtained according to test result, referring to Fig. 7,
It reflects and starts shearing stress τ under the influence of red building root systemcrWith the relationship between vegetation closeness RVD, distribution mode.It can be with from figure
Find out, starts shearing stress τcrIncrease with the increase of vegetation closeness RVD.The reason of leading to this phenomenon is due to vegetation root
It is that bulk density is bigger, root system also increases the binding force of the soil body, therefore the soil body is not easy to start, i.e. the starting shearing stress τ of the soil bodycr
Just it will increase.
The starting shearing stress τ of riverbank soil body under the influence of having red building root systemcrIt may be expressed as:
τcr=a ρd bRVDd (6)
In formula (6), RVD is red building root system volume density；ρdFor soil body dry density, unit: g/cm3；A is coefficient；B and d
For index.
It is fitted according to test result, obtains the riverbank soil body under different red building Root Distribution modes and start shearing stress τcrWith
RVD、ρdNumerical relation, see shown in formula (7)~(9):
1. vertical place:
τcr=0.083 ρd 5.11RVD0.186 (7)
2. slant setting:
τcr=0.077 ρd 5.11RVD0.190 (8)
3. intersection is placed:
τcr=0.083 ρd 5.11RVD0.129 (9)
The corresponding fitting correlation coefficient in formula (7)~(9) distinguishes R2It is 0.979,0.940,0.969.
The starting of the soil body under different red building root system volume density and different dry densities is calculated separately with formula (7)~(9) to cut and answer
Force value, and compared with measured result, as a result as shown in Figure 8.The two maximum absolute error is 3.5%, least absolute error
It is 0.3%, mean error 1.34%, absolute error is respectively less than 5%, illustrates that formula (7)~(9) calculated result is fully met
Required precision.
(2) influence of the red building root system to riverbank soil body coefficient of scouring
Red building root system is arranged in the soil body with vertical, inclination, intersection respectively, it is vertical to calculate separately to obtain according to formula (4)
The coefficient of scouring k of the soil body under placement, slant setting, intersection are placeddrWith starting shearing stress τcrBetween relation curve, such as Fig. 9 institute
Show.From fig. 9, it can be seen that there is the soil body coefficient of scouring k of red building root systemdrWith starting shearing stress τcrIncrease and reduce.This master
If because the soil body is difficult to start up in the case where there is the effect of root system guard block, when start shearing stress it is bigger when, the soil body washes away compared with hard-to-start and is
Number also just reduces therewith.
According to test result (test result is shown in Table 3), are placed by the soil body and is rushed for vertical placement, slant setting, intersection respectively
Brush coefficient kdrWith starting shearing stress τcrBetween numerical relation be fitted, see formula (10)~(12).
The test result of the test of table 3 II
Fit equation under different Root Distribution modes is as follows:
1. vertical place:
kdr=1.4 × 10-5τcr -1.67 (10)
2. slant setting:
kdr=2.1 × 10-5τcr -1.38 (11)
3. intersection is placed:
kdr=0.59 × 10-5τcr -2.39 (12)
The corresponding fitting correlation coefficient R in formula (10)~(12)2Respectively 0.877,0.861,0.875.
Formula (7)~(9) are respectively corresponded into the formula of bringing into (10)~(12), riverbank soil under different red building Root Distribution modes can be obtained
Body coefficient of scouring kdrWith RVD, ρdNumerical relation:
1. vertical place:
kdr=8.9 × 10-4ρd -8.53RVD-0.311 (13)
2. slant setting:
kdr=7.2 × 10-4ρd -7.05RVD-0.262 (14)
3. intersection is placed:
kdr=22.6 × 10-4ρd -12.21RVD-0.308 (15)
It is calculated separately the soil body under different red building root system volume density and different dry densities with formula (13)~(15) and is washed away and be
Numerical value, and compared with measured result, the results are shown in Figure 10.The two mean error is 5.1%, and absolute error is slightly larger than
5%, formula (13)~(15) calculated result can satisfy required precision substantially.
Above-described embodiment is only one of various embodiments, for those skilled in the art, in above description base
Other various forms of variations or variation can also be made on plinth, and these belong to true spirit and derive other
Variation or variation still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. considering that the riverbank soil body of red building root system influence washes away the quantization method of parameter, it includes river that the riverbank soil body, which washes away parameter,
The starting shearing stress and coefficient of scouring of the bank soil body；It is characterized in that comprising steps of
The first step, using glass flume as test flume, the setting of glass flume water inlet adjusts the valve of flow, and glass flume tail portion is set
Triangular weir is set, measuring flow is used to；Section trapezoidal test section is set in glass flume, takes three etc. in test section
The section of spacing, is denoted as 1-1,2-2,3-3 respectively；
Second step, no red building root system cover washout test, specifically:
The compaction in layers in test section by soil sample, and sprinkling maintenance start washout test to soil sample natural subsidence after a week；Test
Preceding layering soil sampling measures the dry density and moisture content of soil sample；Washout test is carried out, obtains and is risen under different water cut and dry density
The coefficient of scouring data of dynamic shearing stress value and three sections, and the numerical relation for starting shearing stress and coefficient of scouring is fitted, note
For numerical relation I；
Third step has red building root system to cover washout test, specifically:
Red building root system is uniformly implanted into 1-1,2-2,3-3 section with different modes of emplacement, and in different red building root system closenesses
Lower row washout test respectively measures the corresponding starting shearing stress data of every kind of modes of emplacement under different root system closenesses respectively；Through
Fitting obtains starting shearing stress and root system closeness, the numerical relation of dry density, the numerical relation under different modes of emplacement and is denoted as
Numerical relation II；
According to test data, the numerical relation between coefficient of scouring under different modes of emplacement and starting shearing stress is intended respectively
It closes, the numerical relation fitted is denoted as numerical relation III；In conjunction with numerical relation II and numerical relation III, different placement sides are obtained
Coefficient of scouring and root system closeness, the numerical relation of dry density, the numerical relation are denoted as numerical relation IV under formula；
4th step, according to red building root system modes of emplacement on section, by section root system closeness and dry density substitute into the placement
In the corresponding numerical relation II of mode, the starting shearing stress of the section is calculated；
5th step, according to red building root system modes of emplacement on section, by section root system closeness and dry density substitute into the placement
In the corresponding numerical relation IV of mode, the coefficient of scouring of the section is calculated.
2. quantization method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The test soil body is derived from from the Main Stream of Tarim River riverbank soil body, and the red building root system is derived from Main Stream of Tarim River bank
Naturally the red building seedling grown.
3. quantization method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
In second step, the numerical relation for starting shearing stress and coefficient of scouring is fitted specifically:
Firstly, according to shearing stress data are started, fitting starts the numerical relation of shearing stress and dry density；
Then, according to test result, acquisition different water cut, dry density soil sample wash away rate ε under different water flow shearing stress,
According to formula ε=kd(τf-τc) inverse coefficient of scouring kd, obtain the coefficient of scouring k of each section soil sampledAnd start shearing stress τc；
Finally, respectively to the k of each sectiondWith τcData are fitted, and obtain kdWith τcFit correlation, i.e. numerical relation I.
4. quantization method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that:
kdWith τcFit correlation be kd=4.6 × 10-4τc 0.418。
5. quantization method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Difference modes of emplacement described in third step includes that vertical placement, slant setting and intersection are placed.
6. quantization method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
In third step, red building root system is synchronous with soil sample laying to be carried out, and forms red building root system Settlement Consolidation one week together with soil sample
Start washout test after radical operators.
7. quantization method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Difference modes of emplacement described in third step includes that vertical placement, slant setting and intersection are placed；Wherein:
Shearing stress τ is started under vertical modes of emplacementcrWith root system closeness RVD, dry density ρdNumerical relation are as follows:
τcr=0.083 ρd 5.11RVD0.186；
Shearing stress τ is started under slant setting modecrWith root system closeness RVD, dry density ρdNumerical relation are as follows:
τcr=0.077 ρd 5.11RVD0.190；
Intersect and starts shearing stress τ under modes of emplacementcrWith root system closeness RVD, dry density ρdNumerical relation are as follows:
τcr=0.083 ρd 5.11RVD0.129。
8. quantization method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Difference modes of emplacement described in third step includes that vertical placement, slant setting and intersection are placed；Wherein:
Coefficient k is washed away under vertical modes of emplacementdrWith root system closeness RVD, dry density ρdNumerical relation are as follows:
kdr=8.9 × 10-4ρd -8.53RVD-0.311；
Coefficient k is washed away under slant setting modedrWith root system closeness RVD, dry density ρdNumerical relation are as follows:
kdr=7.2 × 10-4ρd -7.05RVD-0.262；
Coefficient k is washed away under intersection modes of emplacementdrWith root system closeness RVD, dry density ρdNumerical relation are as follows:
kdr=22.6 × 10-4ρd -12.21RVD-0.308。
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