CN110286013A - A kind of sample-preparing system and method for making sample - Google Patents
A kind of sample-preparing system and method for making sample Download PDFInfo
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- CN110286013A CN110286013A CN201910591351.7A CN201910591351A CN110286013A CN 110286013 A CN110286013 A CN 110286013A CN 201910591351 A CN201910591351 A CN 201910591351A CN 110286013 A CN110286013 A CN 110286013A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012864 cross contamination Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 152
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 electric power Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of sample-preparing system and method for making sample, sample-preparing system includes pretreating device, switching conveyer, level-one reduction device, crushing device, second level reduction device, crushes two separating devices, drying device, weighing packaging system and industrial robot, sample in level-one reduction device by industrial robot be sent into drying device it is dry after and transfer and carry out two-stage crushing into crushing device, industrial robot realizes crushing device, second level reduction device, drying device, crushes material transferring between two separating devices, weighing packaging system.Method for making sample includes the following steps: that (1) level-one is crushed and level-one division;(2) dry;(3) two-stage crushing and second level division;(4) re-dry;(5) it crushes and two points;(6) weighing packaging.The present invention can reduce equipment fault guarantee sample preparation reliability, to sample preparation link can real-time perfoming monitoring guarantee sample preparation safety, can thoroughly prevent cross contamination guarantee sample making course authenticity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sample making technology fields, and in particular to a kind of sample-preparing system and method for making sample.
Background technique
In industries such as coal, electric power, petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgy, require to the high-volume such as coal, ore, chemical raw material
Material carry out sample preparation analysis, no cross contamination need to be obtained, representative sample, and require automation sample making apparatus failure
Rate is low, convenient for safeguarding.
Sample preparation procedure includes the links such as broken, division, drying, crushing, is originally carried out using artificial, uses machine later
Tool equipment includes the individually equipment such as broken, division, drying, crushing progress sample preparation, and with technological progress, and occurring will be each
The sample preparation unit that sample preparation procedure is united, it is rear to occur the automation that each sample preparation procedure is united again
Moreover there is robot automation's sample preparation system in sample preparation system.But existing automation sample preparation
There are following problems for method and system:
By taking coal sample preparation as an example, in the market the sample preparation program that various automation equipments are followed is that 6mm is crushed-level-one
Division (obtain total moisture sample and keep sample) -3mm is broken-and second level division (acquirement file for reference sample and keep sample)-is dry -
0.2mm is crushed and (is obtained analysis test specimen).It is dry to be arranged after second level division, it is right that the second level division stage is crushed to from 3mm
Undried coal sample is handled so that above-mentioned link exist because coal sample moisture greatly caused by crusher adherency coal sample, reduction device it is stifled
Fill in, cause the integrity problem of sample making course.
Various automation equipment grinding devices in the market are completely enclosed, generally use vacuum intake or material washes the mode of material
Grinding device is cleaned, whether there are residual materials inside grinding device, is unable to monitor, there are the risks of sample mixing, due to powder
The sample quality in broken stage is small (60g-120g), and 1 arrives precision of the remaining sample with regard to strong influence sample preparation of 2g, so that sample preparation
Process lacks authenticity;
Though can not thoroughly clean since coal sample moisture causes greatly transfer container to clean, there is remaining risk;
Though also having remaining risk since coal sample moisture is big, reduction device, riffle have air pressure or vibration cleans.
Each link of equipment prepares sample quality and whether meets that preparation requirement can not monitor in time or monitoring mode is complicated.It can not
So that mass deviation cannot be found in time, sample preparation can just note abnormalities after the completion for monitoring in time, lead to entire results of sample preparation
Failure, sample loss cause sample preparation safety poor;The mode of monitoring mode complexity, which has, installs title in each sample received bit
Real-time monitoring is carried out again, equipment link is caused to increase, and the device is complicated, and degree is continuously increased, so that sample preparation safety is difficult to protect
Card.And automatic sample equipment cost is continuously increased, user cost and maintenance cost increase.
In conclusion it is urgent to provide one kind can reduce the reliability that equipment fault guarantees sample preparation, to sample preparation ring
Section can real-time perfoming monitoring guarantee the safety of sample preparation, can thoroughly prevent the authenticity that cross contamination guarantees sample making course
Sample-preparing system and method for making sample.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide one kind can reduce the reliability that equipment fault guarantees sample preparation, to sample preparation ring
Section can real-time perfoming monitoring guarantee the safety of sample preparation, can thoroughly prevent the authenticity that cross contamination guarantees sample making course
Sample-preparing system and method for making sample.
Above-mentioned purpose is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of sample-preparing system, including pretreating device, switching conveying
Machine, crushing device, second level reduction device, crushes two separating devices, drying device, weighing packaging system and work at level-one reduction device
Industry robot, the switching conveyer connect pretreating device and level-one reduction device, the level-one in the level-one reduction device
The sample of division, which is sent into after drying device drying and is transferred by industrial robot, carries out two-stage crushing, the work into crushing device
Industry robot realizes the crushing device, second level reduction device, drying device, crushes between two separating devices, weighing packaging system
Material transferring.
In this way, pretreating device handles sample broke to the first partial size, takes total moisture sample and carry out level-one division;One
The sample of grade division, which is dried, is crushed to the second partial size through crusher, then keeps sample and carries out second level division, second level division
Sample is crushed to third partial size after crushing two separating devices and then keeps sample and carry out two points after being dried, finally carry out weighing packet
Dress.Keeping sample for level-one division is first dried the present invention, and the sample after drying enters broken, second level reduction device, so not
Failure can be caused because sample moisture causes device to block greatly;Adherency coal sample is also avoided simultaneously, is caused cross contamination, be ensure that
The reliability of sample making course;In addition the sample of the first partial size early period keeps sample because dried, so that different batches sample
The drying of the second partial size coal sample become easy and time consistency so that system of the coal sample of different batches from two-stage crushing to crushing
Sample process time is consistent;Again, the uniform quality due to the coal sample of different batches from two-stage crushing to crushing, moisture are consistent, make
Sample making course time consistency is obtained, the configuration of relevant device is not necessarily to do complicated adjustment and configuration because coal sample moisture is different, so that
Mode is consistent, the degree that reduces that the device is complicated, saves cost.
Further technical solution is that the sample-preparing system further includes cleaning device, the level-one reduction device and second level
The riffle of two separating devices of reduction device and crushing in reduction device uses detachable setting, and the industrial robot can incite somebody to action
The reduction device, riffle be respectively fed to the cleaning device carry out cleaning and the drying device be dried.
Reduction device is designed to detachable with riffle, can be entered reduction device, riffle by the fixture of robot
Cleaning device carries out hot water cleaning, then is transferred to drying device drying, guarantees reduction device, the not remaining coal sample of riffle conscientiously, protects
It demonstrate,proves subsequent coal sample preparation and thoroughly avoids cross contamination.
Further technical solution is that the material alms bowl for crushing two separating devices can be sent into described clear by the industrial robot
Cleaning device carries out cleaning and the drying device is dried.In this way, material alms bowl is after batch turning carries out two points in two separating devices of crushing
It takes out, carries out hot water cleaning into cleaning device, then be transferred to drying device drying, guarantee the material not remaining coal sample of alms bowl conscientiously, it is thorough
Bottom avoids cross contamination, avoids and carries out in such a way that vacuum intake or material wash material to crushing chamber due to can not open crushing chamber
Cleaning, but can not determine in crushing chamber whether thoroughly clean problem, make sample making course that there is authenticity.
Further technical solution is that the sample-preparing system further includes the first rejected material conveying device, the second rejected material conveying dress
Set with rejected material apparatus for temporary storage, the rejected material apparatus for temporary storage pass through respectively the first rejected material conveying device and the second rejected material conveying device with
The level-one reduction device is connected with second level reduction device.
Further technical solution is that the sample-preparing system is equipped with walking track, and the industrial robot can be along the row
Track travel is walked, the pretreating device, level-one reduction device, crushing device, second level reduction device, crushes switching conveyer
Two separating devices, weighing packaging system, drying device set gradually and are located at the side of the walking track.
Further technical solution is, the level-one reduction device and second level reduction device be respectively 6mm reduction device and
3mm reduction device, two packing of crushing are set to 0.2mm and crush two separating devices.
Further technical solution is that the industrial robot is equipped with fixture.
To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of method for making sample, include the following steps:
(1) level-one is broken with level-one division: by sample broke processing to the first partial size, taking total moisture sample and carries out level-one
Division;
(2) dry: the sample through level-one division in step (1) is dried;
(3) two-stage crushing and second level division: by sample broke dry in step (2) to the second partial size, then keep sample simultaneously
Carry out second level division;
(4) re-dry: the sample through second level division in step (3) is dried;
(5) it crushes and two points: by sample comminution dry in step (4) to third partial size, then keeping sample and carry out two points;
(6) weighing packaging.
The sample of first partial size, which keeps sample, to be dried, so that subsequent preparation link is not because moisture causes equipment to block and remain
Coal sample guarantees the reliability of sample preparation procedure.
Further technical solution is that the method for making sample is using sample preparation system described in any one of claim 1~7
System carries out sample preparation, in the step (1), step (3) and (5) prepared by sample, keep sample and step (2) and step (4) in
Be dried after sample all carry out weighing processing.
Due to sample have receive container, keep sample have switching container, crush have material alms bowl, can be taken off to all link samples into
Row weighing, as long as there is the data exception of a link, i.e. stopping sample preparation, data normally just carry out next link, guarantee in this way
Timely monitoring and the abnormal timely processing of qualitative data, ensure that the safety of sample preparation.In this way, all samples are because setting
Standby configuration relation, the quality of data is abnormal after interrelated, such as discovery weighing, that is, can determine whether equipment fault, so that problem is sent out in time
It is existing, it handles in time, each preparation link is monitored, guarantee the safety of each link preparation.
Further technical solution is that the weighing process in step (1)~(6) is all made of weighing packaging system and carries out
Weighing.So set, the electronic scale for only using the setting of samples weighing packaging system is weighed, guarantee the consistent of weighing precision
Property, avoid many places setting weighing device from leading to deviation, so that work efficiency is high, while the device is complicated for unique weighing positions reduction
Degree, saves user cost.
The present invention determine quality to sample preparation overall process, determines moisture, determines process, mould-fixed management, guarantees sample making course
Reliability, authenticity and safety.Determining quality is exactly that 6mm coal sample keeps sample by determining quality division, is guaranteed at dry follow-up link
The 6mm coal sample uniform quality of reason guarantees equipment dependability so that follow-up equipment reduces processing links without adjustment;Determine moisture just
It is that 6mm keeps sample to be dried to considerable moisture range, is convenient for post-processing, guarantee that aftertreatment device does not block, guarantees that equipment can
By property;Determining process is exactly that certain cleaning is carried out to each link, guarantees the authenticity of sample making course;Mould-fixed is exactly to equipment system
Standby each link is monitored, guarantees the safety of sample making course.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing for constituting a part of the invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of sample-preparing system involved in one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the top view of sample-preparing system involved in one embodiment of the present invention.
In figure:
1 pretreating device 2 switching 3 level-one reduction device of conveyer
4 rejected material apparatus for temporary storage, 5 first rejected material conveying device, 6 second rejected material conveying device
7 second level reduction device, 8 crushing device 9 crushes two separating devices
10 weighing 11 drying device of packaging system, 12 cleaning devices
13 walking 14 industrial robots of track
Specific embodiment
Present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings., the description of this part be only it is exemplary and explanatory, do not answer
There is any restriction effect to protection scope of the present invention.In addition, description of the those skilled in the art according to this document, it can be right
Feature in this document in embodiment and in different embodiments carries out the corresponding combination.
The embodiment of the present invention is as follows, referring to Figures 1 and 2, a kind of sample-preparing system, including pretreating device 1, switching conveyer
2, level-one reduction device 3, crushing device 8, second level reduction device 7, two separating devices 9 of crushing, drying device 11, weighing packaging system
10 and industrial robot 14, the switching conveyer 2 connects pretreating device 1 and level-one reduction device 3, the level-one division dress
Set the sample of the level-one division in 3 by industrial robot 14 be sent into drying device 11 it is dry after and transfer into crushing device 8 into
Row two-stage crushing, the industrial robot 14 realize the crushing device 8, second level reduction device 7, drying device 11, crush two
Material transferring between separating device 9, weighing packaging system 10.
In this way, pretreating device 1 handles sample broke to the first partial size, takes total moisture sample and carry out level-one division;
The sample of level-one division, which is dried, is crushed to the second partial size through crusher, then keeps sample and carries out second level division, second level division
Sample be dried after be crushed to third partial size after crushing two separating devices 9 and then keep sample and carry out two points, finally claimed
It packs again.Keeping sample for level-one division is first dried the present invention, and the sample after drying enters broken, second level reduction device 7, this
Sample will not cause device to block greatly because of sample moisture, cause failure;Adherency coal sample is also avoided simultaneously, causes cross contamination, is protected
The reliability of sample making course is demonstrate,proved;In addition the sample of the first partial size early period keeps sample because dried, so that different batches
The drying of second partial size coal sample of sample becomes easy and time consistency, so that the coal sample of different batches is from two-stage crushing to crushing
Sample making course time consistency;Again, the uniform quality due to the coal sample of different batches from two-stage crushing to crushing, moisture one
It causing, makes sample making course time consistency, the configuration of relevant device is not necessarily to do complicated adjustment and configuration because coal sample moisture is different,
So that mode is consistent, the degree that reduces that the device is complicated saves cost.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the sample-preparing system further includes clear
Cleaning device 12, the riffle of the level-one reduction device 3 and two separating devices 9 of reduction device and crushing in second level reduction device 7
Using detachable setting, the reduction device, riffle can be respectively fed to the cleaning device 12 by the industrial robot 14
It carries out cleaning and the drying device 11 is dried.
Reduction device is designed to detachable with riffle, can be entered reduction device, riffle by the fixture of robot
Cleaning device 12 carries out hot water cleaning, then is transferred to the drying of drying device 11, guarantees reduction device, the not remaining coal of riffle conscientiously
Sample guarantees that subsequent coal sample preparation thoroughly avoids cross contamination.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the industrial robot 14 can be incited somebody to action
The material alms bowl feeding cleaning device 12 for crushing two separating devices 9 carries out cleaning and the drying device 11 is dried.Such as
This, material alms bowl takes out after carrying out two points from batch turning in two separating devices 9 of crushing, carries out hot water cleaning into cleaning device 12, then transfer
It is dry to drying device 11, guarantee the material not remaining coal sample of alms bowl conscientiously, thoroughly avoids cross contamination, avoid because crushing can not be opened
Chamber and crushing chamber is cleaned in such a way that vacuum intake or material wash material, but whether thoroughly clean can not determine in crushing chamber
The problem of, make sample making course that there is authenticity.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the sample-preparing system further includes
One rejected material conveying device 5, the second rejected material conveying device 6 and rejected material apparatus for temporary storage 4, the rejected material apparatus for temporary storage 4 is respectively by the
One rejected material conveying device 5 and the second rejected material conveying device 6 are connected with the level-one reduction device 3 and second level reduction device 7.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the sample-preparing system is equipped with walking
Track 13, the industrial robot 14 can walk along the walking track 13, the pretreating device 1, switching conveyer 2, one
Grade reduction device 3, crushing device 8, second level reduction device 7, crush two separating devices 9, weighing packaging system 10, drying device 11 according to
Secondary setting and the side for being located at the walking track 13.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,3 He of level-one reduction device
Second level reduction device 7 is respectively 6mm reduction device and 3mm reduction device, and two separating devices 9 of the crushing are that 0.2mm crushes two points
Device 9.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, the industrial robot 14 is equipped with fixture.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for making sample, and embodiment is as follows, include the following steps:
(1) level-one is broken with level-one division: by sample broke processing to the first partial size, taking total moisture sample and carries out level-one
Division;
(2) dry: the sample through level-one division in step (1) is dried;
(3) two-stage crushing and second level division: by sample broke dry in step (2) to the second partial size, then keep sample simultaneously
Carry out second level division;
(4) re-dry: the sample through second level division in step (3) is dried;
(5) it crushes and two points: by sample comminution dry in step (4) to third partial size, then keeping sample and carry out two points;
(6) weighing packaging.
The sample of first partial size, which keeps sample, to be dried, so that subsequent preparation link is not because moisture causes equipment to block and remain
Coal sample guarantees the reliability of sample preparation procedure.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the method for making sample uses right
It is required that sample-preparing system described in any one of 1~7 carries out sample preparation, in the step (1), step (3) and (5) prepared by sample
Product, keep sample and step (2) and step (4) in be dried after sample all carry out weighing processing.
Due to sample have receive container, keep sample have switching container, crush have material alms bowl, can be taken off to all link samples into
Row weighing, as long as there is the data exception of a link, i.e. stopping sample preparation, data normally just carry out next link, guarantee in this way
Timely monitoring and the abnormal timely processing of qualitative data, ensure that the safety of sample preparation.In this way, all samples are because setting
Standby configuration relation, the quality of data is abnormal after interrelated, such as discovery weighing, that is, can determine whether equipment fault, so that problem is sent out in time
It is existing, it handles in time, each preparation link is monitored, guarantee the safety of each link preparation.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, the weighing process in step (1)~(6) is equal
It is weighed using weighing packaging system 10.So set, the electronic scale for only using the setting of samples weighing packaging system 10 carries out
Weighing, guarantees the consistency of weighing precision, avoids many places setting weighing device from leading to deviation, so that work efficiency is high, while only
One weighing positions reduce the device is complicated degree, save user cost.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of sample-preparing system, which is characterized in that including pretreating device, switching conveyer, level-one reduction device, broken dress
It sets, second level reduction device, crush two separating devices, drying device, weighing packaging system and industrial robot, the switching conveyer
Pretreating device and level-one reduction device are connected, the sample of the level-one division in the level-one reduction device passes through industrial robot
It is sent into after drying device drying and transfers and carry out two-stage crushing into crushing device, the industrial robot realizes the broken dress
It sets, second level reduction device, drying device, crush two separating devices, the material transferring between packaging system of weighing.
2. sample-preparing system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sample-preparing system further includes cleaning device, described
The riffle of level-one reduction device and two separating devices of reduction device and crushing in second level reduction device uses detachable setting,
The reduction device, riffle can be respectively fed to the cleaning device and carry out cleaning and the drying device by the industrial robot
It is dried.
3. sample-preparing system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the industrial robot can crush two packing for described
The material alms bowl feeding cleaning device set carries out cleaning and the drying device is dried.
4. sample-preparing system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the sample-preparing system further includes
One rejected material conveying device, the second rejected material conveying device and rejected material apparatus for temporary storage, the rejected material apparatus for temporary storage pass through the first abandoning respectively
Material conveying device and the second rejected material conveying device are connected with the level-one reduction device and second level reduction device.
5. sample-preparing system according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the sample-preparing system is equipped with walking track, the work
Industry robot can along the walking track travel, the pretreating device, switching conveyer, level-one reduction device, crushing device,
Second level reduction device crushes two separating devices, weighing packaging system, drying device set gradually and are located at the walking track one
Side.
6. sample-preparing system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the level-one reduction device and second level reduction device point
Not Wei 6mm reduction device and 3mm reduction device, it is described crush two packing is set to 0.2mm crush two separating devices.
7. sample-preparing system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the industrial robot is equipped with fixture.
8. a kind of method for making sample, which comprises the steps of:
(1) level-one is broken with level-one division: by sample broke processing to the first partial size, taking total moisture sample and carries out level-one contracting
Point;
(2) dry: the sample through level-one division in step (1) is dried;
(3) two-stage crushing and second level division: by sample broke dry in step (2) to the second partial size, then keep sample and carry out
Second level division;
(4) re-dry: the sample through second level division in step (3) is dried;
(5) it crushes and two points: by sample comminution dry in step (4) to third partial size, then keeping sample and carry out two points;
(6) weighing packaging.
9. method for making sample according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the method for making sample is appointed using in claim 1~7
Sample-preparing system described in meaning one carries out sample preparation, in the step (1), step (3) and (5) prepared by sample, keep sample and
Sample after being dried in step (2) and step (4) all carries out weighing processing.
10. method for making sample according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the weighing process in (1)~(6) is all made of
Weighing packaging system is weighed.
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CN111781039A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-10-16 | 武昌首义学院 | Robot system appearance system |
CN113029702A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-06-25 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | Sampling and sample preparing device |
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