CN110278762A - A kind of beans combined harvester based on distribution threshing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bean combine harvester based on distribution threshing, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The front end of the walking chassis of the machine is the header and the upper part is the threshing equipment, and the header and the threshing equipment are connected by a conveying mechanism; the conveying mechanism is composed of a plant conveying vibrating belt and a grain conveying belt, and is equipped with a vibrating threshing roller; Conveyor vibrating belt is composed of driving roller shaft and vibrating belt. The vibrating belt is composed of hollow belt and flexible vibrating plate. The baffle plate is formed; the vibratory pressure threshing drum contains a rotating drum, and the outer circumference of the rotating drum is evenly distributed with connecting tooth rows extending radially, and the outer end of the connecting tooth row is fixedly connected with a tangential threshing plate; the threshing plate is formed with the adjacent vibration plate Threshing interval. The invention properly solves the difficult problem of non-destructive and high-efficiency removal of grains with different maturity levels in the existing combine harvester.

Description

A bean combine harvester based on distribution threshing

technical field

The invention relates to a harvester, in particular to a bean combine harvester based on distribution threshing, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.

Background technique

Bean plant traits and pod distribution are quite different from those of rice and wheat. The traditional axial flow threshing device is directly used for one-time threshing on the combine harvester. High speed will hit the bean seeds hard and cause losses easily.

In addition, the headers at the front end of the existing combine harvester (refer to the Chinese patent literature titled "Small Soybean Combine Harvester" with application number 201510505965.0 and "A Self-adaptive Cleaning Crop Harvester" with application number 201910162868.4) are being completed After harvesting, the harvested crops are transported to the independent threshing equipment through the bridge conveyor to complete threshing. Facing the characteristics of bean plants with high maturity, easy to fry pods, and low maturity, it is difficult to thresh. Since the threshing effect can only be changed by adjusting the rotation speed of the threshing drum and the threshing gap, the problem that has always existed for a long time is: high rotation speed and small gap. It can improve the cleaning rate, but it is easy to cause damage to the more mature grains. Although reducing the speed and increasing the gap can effectively avoid damage, it is difficult to separate the less mature grains from the stalk, which affects the threshing effect. Like this, how to take into account the threshing demands of different degrees of maturity has become a pair of contradictions that are difficult to solve.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is: aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, through the rational improvement of mechanism settings, a kind of bean combine harvester based on distribution threshing that can take into account the threshing requirements of grains with different maturity levels is proposed, so as to ensure that the combined harvester The cleaning rate is high, and the grain damage is avoided.

In order to achieve the above object, the basic technical solution of the present invention is: a bean combine harvester based on distribution threshing, including a cutting platform located at the front end of the walking chassis and a threshing equipment located on the walking chassis, the threshing equipment is driven by axial flow. The threshing drum is composed of a concave screen located under the axial flow main threshing drum and a vibrating screen located under the concave screen; the header and the threshing equipment are connected by a conveying mechanism supported on a bridge bracket;

The conveying mechanism is composed of an upper plant conveying vibrating belt and a lower grain conveying belt, and the conveying mechanism is equipped with at least one vibrating threshing drum, which constitutes a bridge conveying vibrating threshing device;

The plant conveying vibrating belt is composed of a vibrating belt that surrounds the driving rollers at both ends, and the vibrating belt is composed of a hollowed-out adhesive tape distributed with leak holes and flexible vibrating plates evenly distributed in the length direction of the adhesive tape ;

The grain conveyor belt is composed of a rubber belt wrapped around the driving rollers at both ends and baffles distributed at intervals in the length direction of the rubber belt;

The vibratory pressure threshing drum contains a rotating drum, and the outer circumference of the rotating drum is evenly distributed with connecting tooth rows extending radially, and the outer end of the connecting tooth row is fixedly connected with a tangential threshing plate; when the threshing plate is adjacent to The vibrating plate forms the threshing interval;

The output ends of the plant conveying vibrating belt and the grain conveying belt of the bridge conveying vibrating threshing device are respectively connected with the input ends of the concave screen and the vibrating screen.

When the harvested bean crops are fed into the bridge conveying mechanism with vibrating threshing by the header of the combine harvester, during the process of being transported by the vibrating belt, they are pressed by the threshing plate and the vibrating plate of the threshing drum when they are in the threshing interval. With the cooperation of vibration and extrusion, the mature grains fall down one after another, and fall from the leak hole of the vibrating belt to the grain conveyor belt, and are sent to the screening device under the action of the baffle. The unremoved plants and straw Then continue to be transported to the threshing equipment of the combine harvester for threshing.

A further perfection of the present invention is that the rotational translocation time of adjacent threshing plates of at least one vibrating threshing cylinder is equal to the translational translocation time of adjacent vibrating plates on the plant conveying vibrating belt. In this way, controlling the relationship between the speed of the vibrating threshing drum and the feeding speed of the plant conveying vibrating belt can ensure the one-to-one correspondence between the threshing plate and the vibrating plate when they are adjacent, so that they can continue to fully play the role of coordinating extrusion and reduce the maturity Higher kernels fall off.

It can be seen that the present invention rationally improves the original device that only has the function of conveying into a bridge-transporting vibration pressure threshing device. Threshing, so as to cleverly combine bridge transportation and pre-threshing, which properly solves the problem of non-destructive and efficient threshing of grains with different maturity levels that are difficult for existing combine harvesters.

Since the vibrating plate is made of flexible materials, and the threshing interval is larger than the threshing interval, it can effectively reduce the breakage rate, thereby creating good conditions for ensuring the final high cleaning rate and low breakage rate of the combine harvester. At the same time, the connecting teeth and row threshing plates on the vibrating threshing drum also have an ideal downward pressure conveying effect, which can strengthen the conveying effect of the plant conveying vibrating belt, and help to avoid the plants from entering the threshing equipment when the harvest volume is large. The congestion further ensures the threshing quality.

A further improvement of the present invention is that, above the grain conveying belt of the conveying mechanism, there are two vibrating pressure threshing drums distributed at intervals; The rotation translocation time of the plate is equal to the translational translocation time of the adjacent vibrating plate on the plant conveying vibrating belt; the transmission ratio of the rear threshing cylinder to the front threshing cylinder is greater than 1.

A further improvement of the present invention is that the length of the threshing plate protruding in the direction of rotation is longer than the length protruding in the direction of anti-rotation.

A further improvement of the present invention is that the leakage holes are in the shape of strips extending along the length direction of the tape, and the intervals are evenly distributed in the width direction of the tape.

A further perfection of the present invention is that the baffle is formed in an L shape.

The further improvement of the present invention is that the axial flow main threshing drum is divided into a screw-in section and a re-extraction section, the screw-in section is composed of a conical screw-in head with helical blades around it, and the re-extraction section is composed of a coiled It consists of a helical fixing rod that is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and extends axially outside the support rod, and radial spikes that are spaced apart from the helical fixing rod.

In a word, the innovative "step-by-step threshing" of the present invention rationally utilizes the vibration pressure threshing in the bridge transportation and the step-by-step threshing of the threshing equipment. , and the bean plants with low maturity and difficult threshing are transported to the axial flow drum for impact threshing, so as to properly solve the long-term problem of severe harvesting of bean crops, especially suitable for bean harvesting in hilly and mountainous areas.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of the bridge conveying vibration pressure threshing device in the embodiment of Fig. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a top view structural diagram of FIG. 2 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of Fig. 2 in the state without bridge support.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the plant conveying vibration pressure belt in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the grain conveyor belt in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of the vibration-pressure threshing drum in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the axial flow main threshing drum in the embodiment of Fig. 1 .

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment one

The bean combine harvester based on the distributed threshing of this embodiment is shown in Figure 1. The front end of the crawler-type walking chassis A3 is equipped with a header A1, and the axial flow main threshing drum A6 and the concave plate screen under the main threshing drum A6 are installed above it. The threshing equipment composed of A7 and the vibrating screen A8 located under the concave screen A7. The header A1 and the threshing equipment are connected through the conveying mechanism A2 supported on the bridge support. These are basically the same as the prior art and will not be described.

As shown in Figure 2, the conveying mechanism A2 is composed of the plant conveying vibration pressure belt 2 on the inside of the frame-type bridge support 1 and the grain conveying belt 4 below. The vibratory pressure threshing drum 3 constitutes a bridge conveying vibration pressure threshing device. As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the rotating shaft of the rear threshing drum is fixedly connected with the driving wheel 7 driven by the sprocket 5 and the conveyor belt drive motor 8, and is connected with the front vibration-pressing type threshing drum 3 rotating shaft through the chain 6. Sprocket drive connection.

As shown in Figure 5, the plant conveying vibrating belt 2 is composed of a vibrating belt 2-2 surrounding the drive roller shaft 2-1 at both ends, and the vibrating belt 2-2 is composed of a hollowed-out adhesive tape 2-2- 2 and rubber material flexible vibration plate 2-2-1 whose intervals are evenly distributed in the length direction of the tape. Leakage holes are in the shape of strips extending along the length direction of the belt, and the intervals are evenly distributed in the width direction of the belt, so that the grains can be fully sieved and dropped onto the grain conveyor belt.

As shown in FIG. 6 , the grain conveying belt 4 is composed of a rubber belt 4-2 wrapped around the driving rollers 4-1 at both ends and L-shaped baffles 4-3 spaced along the length direction of the rubber belt 4-2.

It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the output end of the plant conveying vibrating belt 2 is connected with the input end of the concave screen A7 through the downwardly inclined connecting plate. The output end of the grain conveyor belt 4 is connected with the input end of the vibrating screen A8 through the grain connecting conveyor belt A4 driven by the drive motor A5.

As shown in Figure 7, the vibrating pressure type threshing drum 3 contains a hollow rotating drum 3-2. drive rotation. Four groups of radially extending connecting tooth rows 3-3 are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the rotating drum 3-2, and each group of connecting tooth rows 3-3 is composed of five axially evenly distributed tooth columns, and the connecting tooth rows 3-3 The outer end is fixedly connected with a tangential rubber threshing plate 3-1. The length that the threshing plate 3-1 protrudes toward the direction of rotation is longer than the length that protrudes against the direction of rotation, so that the crops can be squeezed with greater flexibility and then with less flexibility, and the threshing effect is better.

In this embodiment, the rotational transposition time of the adjacent vibrating plate 3-1 of the vibrating threshing drum connected to the drive wheel 7 is equal to the translational transposition time of the adjacent vibrating plate 2-2-1 on the plant conveying vibrating belt. The transmission ratio of the rear and front two threshing drums is unconventional and greater than 1, so the threshing plate of the front threshing drum and the vibrating plate are in a random correspondence, while the speed of the rear vibrating threshing drum and the plant conveying vibrating belt are controlled. The relationship between the feeding speed can ensure the one-to-one correspondence between the threshing plate of the threshing cylinder and the vibrating plate when they are adjacent to each other, so that the crops are squeezed randomly first, and then squeezed in an orderly manner, giving full play to the organic combination of vibration and extrusion threshing. , the seed effect is better. During the second process, the threshing plate itself does not vibrate. When the crops are piled up on the plant conveying vibrating belt and transported, the vibrating threshing drum rotates, and the linear speed direction of its lower end is consistent with the conveying direction of the plant conveying vibrating belt. There is a threshing gap (for example, 10cm) between the pressure-type threshing drum and the vibrating belt, and the hollowed-out tape has a certain degree of elasticity. Under the action, there will be regular up and down jumps, resulting in relative vibration during the operation process. The threshing is completed under the combined action of vibration and threshing plate extrusion force. At the same time, due to the existence of relative vibration, the grains are more likely to fall from the hollow belt to the lower grain conveyor belt.

As shown in Figure 8, the axial flow main threshing drum 6 contains a web disc 6-6 and a drive shaft 6-7, and is divided into a screw-in section and a re-extraction section. The screw-in head 6-1 is formed, and the detachment section consists of a helical fixing rod 6-5 coiled outside the circumferentially uniform and axially extending support rod 6-4 and radial spikes 6-5 distributed at intervals on the helical fixing rod 6-5. 3 composition. The spiral blade 6-2 is welded and fixed on the conical screw-in head 6-1, the nail tooth 6-3 is welded on the spiral fixed rod 6-5, and the spiral fixed rod 6-5 is welded to six support rods 6-5 in a spiral shape. 4 on. During work, the crop plants enter the re-extraction section from the screw-in section under the screw-in action of the conical screw-in head 6-1 and the helical blade 6-2 for threshing operation.

During the harvesting operation, the bean crop plants are fed from the header to the vibrating pressure threshing device for conveying across the bridge, and a flexible threshing operation is performed while being transported. The threshing equipment of the harvester is conveyed by the concave plate sieve, and the strong re-threshing operation is carried out through the conical screw-in head to the inside of the axial-flow main threshing drum. The pre-threshed grains realized by the threshing device are transported to the vibrating sieve by the grain conveyor belt in the lower layer for cleaning, and finally output to the collecting device after cleaning.

Tests have shown that the combine harvester of this embodiment is equipped with a bridge-transporting vibratory pressure threshing device, and the threshing operation of relatively mature grains is carried out before the crops enter the threshing equipment, which effectively assists the main threshing operation, so that the main threshing drum of the threshing equipment can be threshed. It is regulated according to the enhanced threshing requirements of immature grains, so it properly solves the problem of taking care of grains with different maturity levels, significantly improves the cleaning rate and reduces the damage rate.

Claims (7)

1. A bean combine harvester based on distribution threshing, including a header (A1) located at the front end of the walking chassis (A3) and threshing equipment located on the walking chassis (A3); the threshing equipment is composed of an axial flow main threshing drum (A6) and the concave screen (A7) located under the axial flow main threshing drum and the vibrating screen (A8) located under the concave screen; the header and the threshing equipment are supported by a bridge The delivery mechanism (A2) of the bracket is connected; it is characterized in that: The conveying mechanism is composed of an upper plant conveying vibrating belt and a lower grain conveying belt, and the conveying mechanism is equipped with at least one vibrating threshing drum, which constitutes a bridge conveying vibrating threshing device; The plant conveying vibrating belt (2) is composed of a vibrating belt (2-2) that surrounds the driving roller shaft (2-1) at both ends, and the vibrating belt (2-2) is composed of leaking holes Consists of a hollowed-out adhesive tape (2-2-2) and flexible vibration plates (2-2-1) spaced uniformly along the length direction of the adhesive tape; The grain conveying belt (4) is composed of a rubber belt (4-2) wrapped around the driving rollers (4-1) at both ends and baffles (4-3) distributed at intervals along the length direction of the rubber belt; The vibration-pressure threshing drum (3) includes a rotating drum (3-2), and the outer circumference of the rotating drum is uniformly distributed with connecting tooth rows (3-3) extending radially, and the outer ends of the connecting tooth rows are fixedly connected A tangential threshing plate (3-1); the threshing plate forms a threshing interval with the adjacent vibrating plate; The output ends of the plant conveying vibrating belt and the grain conveying belt of the bridge conveying vibrating threshing device are respectively connected with the input ends of the concave screen and the vibrating screen. 2. The bean combine harvester based on distribution threshing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotation translocation time of the adjacent threshing plates of at least one vibratory pressure threshing drum is equal to the adjacent ones on the plant conveying vibration pressure belt. The translational translocation time of the vibrating plate. 3. The bean combine harvester based on distribution threshing according to claim 2, characterized in that: two spaced distribution vibrating pressure threshing drums are installed above the grain conveyor belt of the conveying mechanism; the rotating shaft of the rear threshing drum It is fixedly connected with the sprocket and the driving wheel, and the rotation translocation time of its adjacent threshing plate is equal to the translational translocation time of the adjacent vibration plate on the plant conveying vibration pressure belt; the rear threshing cylinder and the preceding threshing cylinder The transmission ratio is greater than 1. 4. The bean combine harvester based on distribution threshing according to claim 3, characterized in that: the length of the threshing plate protruding in the direction of rotation is longer than the length protruding in the direction of anti-rotation. 5 . The bean combine harvester based on distribution threshing according to claim 4 , characterized in that: the leakage holes are in the shape of strips extending along the length direction of the tape, and the intervals are evenly distributed in the width direction of the tape. 6 . 6. The bean combine harvester based on distribution threshing according to claim 5, characterized in that: the baffle plate is formed in an L shape. 7. The bean combine harvester based on distribution threshing according to claim 6, characterized in that: the axial-flow main threshing drum is divided into a screw-in section and a re-extraction section, and the screw-in section is composed of a spiral blade wound around it. The conical screw-in head is composed of the re-extraction section consisting of a helical fixing rod coiled around the support rods uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and axially extending, and radial spikes distributed on the helical fixing rods at intervals.