CN110278762B - Bean combine harvester based on distributed threshing - Google Patents

Bean combine harvester based on distributed threshing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110278762B
CN110278762B CN201910649475.6A CN201910649475A CN110278762B CN 110278762 B CN110278762 B CN 110278762B CN 201910649475 A CN201910649475 A CN 201910649475A CN 110278762 B CN110278762 B CN 110278762B
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China
Prior art keywords
threshing
vibration
distributed
belt
conveying
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CN201910649475.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN110278762A (en
Inventor
金诚谦
倪有亮
陈满
袁文胜
蔡泽宇
徐金山
李景景
印祥
张光跃
钱震杰
刘政
冯玉岗
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Shandong Yafeng Agricultural Machinery Co ltd
Shandong University of Technology
Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Original Assignee
Shandong Yafeng Agricultural Machinery Co ltd
Shandong University of Technology
Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Priority to CN201910649475.6A priority Critical patent/CN110278762B/en
Publication of CN110278762A publication Critical patent/CN110278762A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/02Self-propelled combines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/12Details of combines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F11/00Threshing apparatus specially adapted for maize; Threshing apparatus specially adapted for particular crops other than cereals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/18Threshing devices
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/44Grain cleaners; Grain separators
    • A01F12/446Sieving means

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a bean combine harvester based on distributed threshing, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The front end of a walking chassis of the machine is provided with a header, the upper part of the header is provided with threshing equipment, and the header is connected with the threshing equipment through a conveying mechanism; the conveying mechanism consists of a plant conveying vibration-pressing belt and a seed conveying belt, and is provided with a vibration-pressing threshing cylinder; the plant conveying vibration and pressing belt consists of a driving roller shaft and a vibration and pressing belt, and the vibration and pressing belt consists of a hollowed-out adhesive tape and a flexible vibration and pressing plate; the grain conveyer belt is composed of rubber belts encircling the driving rollers at two ends and baffle plates distributed at intervals in the length direction of the rubber belts; the vibrating-pressure threshing cylinder comprises a rotary cylinder, connecting tooth rows which are radially extended are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the rotary cylinder, and tangential threshing plates are fixedly connected with the outer ends of the connecting tooth rows; the threshing plate and the adjacent vibrating plate form threshing intervals. The invention properly solves the problems that the existing combine harvester is difficult to achieve nondestructive and efficient threshing of seeds with different maturity.

Description

Bean combine harvester based on distributed threshing
Technical Field
The invention relates to a harvester, in particular to a bean combine harvester based on distributed threshing, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
The characteristics and pod distribution state of leguminous plants are greatly different from those of rice and wheat, the conventional axial-flow threshing device is directly adopted on a combine harvester for threshing once, and in order to meet the operation requirement of short threshing in a short time, a roller usually adopts high load and high rotating speed, so that leguminous seeds are hit greatly, and loss is easy to cause.
In addition, after harvesting is completed, the header at the front end of the existing combine harvester (see Chinese patent document with the application number of 201510505965.0 and 201910162868.4, namely a self-adaptive crop cleaning harvester) conveys the harvested crops to an independent threshing device through bridge conveying to complete threshing. In the face of the characteristics of high maturity, easy pod frying, low maturity and difficult threshing of bean plants, the threshing effect can be changed only by adjusting the rotating speed of the threshing cylinder and the threshing gap, and the long-standing problem is that: the threshing efficiency can be improved though the rotating speed is high and the gap is small, but the damage to seeds with higher maturity is easily caused, and the rotating speed is reduced and the gap is enlarged, but the seeds with lower maturity are difficult to separate from the stalks, so that the threshing effect is affected. Thus, how to combine the threshing requirements of seeds with different maturity becomes a pair of contradictions which are difficult to solve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: the bean combine harvester based on distributed threshing, which can meet the threshing requirements of different seeds at different maturity, is provided by reasonably improving the mechanism setting to solve the problems in the prior art, so that the threshing rate of the combine harvester is ensured, and the damage to the seeds is avoided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the basic technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the bean combine harvester based on distributed threshing comprises a header positioned at the front end of a walking chassis and threshing equipment positioned on the walking chassis, wherein the threshing equipment consists of an axial-flow main threshing cylinder, a concave plate sieve positioned below the axial-flow main threshing cylinder and a vibrating sieve positioned below the concave plate sieve; the header is connected with the threshing equipment through a conveying mechanism supported on a bridge bracket;
the conveying mechanism consists of an upper plant conveying vibration-pressing belt and a lower seed conveying belt, and is provided with at least one vibration-pressing threshing cylinder to form a bridge conveying vibration-pressing threshing device;
the plant conveying vibration and pressing belt consists of vibration and pressing belts which encircle driving roller shafts at two ends, and the vibration and pressing belts consist of hollowed-out adhesive tapes with holes distributed and flexible vibration and pressing plates which are distributed at intervals in the length direction of the adhesive tapes;
the grain conveyer belt is composed of a rubber belt encircling the driving rollers at two ends and baffles distributed at intervals in the length direction of the rubber belt;
the vibration-pressure threshing cylinder comprises a rotary cylinder, connecting tooth rows which extend radially are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the rotary cylinder, and tangential threshing plates are fixedly connected to the outer ends of the connecting tooth rows; the threshing plate and the adjacent vibrating plate form threshing intervals;
the output ends of the plant conveying vibration-pressing belt and the seed conveying belt of the bridge conveying vibration-pressing threshing device are respectively connected with the input ends of the concave plate sieve and the vibrating sieve.
After the bean crop plants collected are fed into the bridge conveying mechanism with vibration pressure threshing by the combine harvester cutting table, in the conveying process of the conveyed vibration pressure belt, the bean crop plants are subjected to vibration and extrusion cooperation of the threshing plate and the threshing cylinder vibration pressure plate when being positioned at threshing intervals, seeds with higher maturity fall down in a dispute mode, fall onto the seed conveying belt from the leakage holes of the vibration pressure belt, are conveyed to the screening device under the action of the baffle plate, and the un-threshing plants and straws are continuously conveyed to threshing equipment of the combine harvester for threshing.
The invention is further perfected that the rotation translocation time of the adjacent threshing plates of at least one vibrating threshing cylinder is equal to the translation translocation time of the adjacent vibrating plates on the plant conveying vibrating belt. The relation between the rotating speed of the vibrating threshing cylinder and the feeding speed of the plant conveying vibrating belt can be controlled, so that the one-to-one correspondence between the threshing plate and the vibrating plate can be ensured when the threshing plate and the vibrating plate are adjacent, and the threshing plate can continuously and fully exert the matched extrusion function to strip off seeds with higher maturity.
Therefore, the device with the conveying function is reasonably improved into the bridge conveying vibration-pressure threshing device, seeds with higher maturity are threshed in advance in the bridge conveying process, and further threshing is completed by threshing equipment, so that the bridge conveying and the pre-threshing are combined ingeniously and organically, and the problem that the existing combine harvester is difficult to damage and high-efficiency threshing of the seeds with different maturity is solved properly.
Because the vibrating plate is made of flexible materials, and the threshing interval is larger than the threshing gap, the crushing rate can be effectively reduced, thereby creating good conditions for ensuring the final high threshing rate and low breakage rate of the combine harvester. Meanwhile, the connecting teeth and the threshing plate on the vibrating-pressing threshing cylinder also have ideal downward pressing conveying function, can strengthen the conveying function of the plant conveying vibrating-pressing belt, is beneficial to avoiding the jamming of plants entering threshing equipment when the harvesting amount is large, and further ensures the threshing quality.
The invention is further perfected that two vibrating and pressing threshing drums which are distributed at intervals are arranged above the seed grain conveyer belt of the conveying mechanism; the rotating shaft of the rear threshing cylinder is fixedly connected with the chain wheel and the driving wheel, and the rotation translocation time of the adjacent threshing plate is equal to the translation translocation time of the adjacent vibrating plate on the plant conveying vibrating belt; the transmission ratio of the rear threshing cylinder and the front threshing cylinder is larger than 1.
The invention is further perfected that the length of the threshing plate extending towards the rotating direction is longer than the length of the threshing plate extending towards the reverse rotating direction.
The invention is further perfected that the leak holes are in a strip shape extending along the length direction of the adhesive tape, and are uniformly distributed at intervals in the width direction of the adhesive tape.
Further perfection of the invention is that the baffle is constructed in an L-shape.
The axial-flow main threshing cylinder is further perfected by the invention, the axial-flow main threshing cylinder is divided into a screwing-in section and a re-threshing section, the screwing-in section is composed of a conical screwing-in head wound with a spiral blade, and the re-threshing section is composed of a spiral fixing rod coiled outside a supporting rod which is uniformly distributed axially in the circumferential direction and radial spike teeth which are distributed on the spiral fixing rod at intervals.
In a word, the innovative step threshing of the invention reasonably utilizes the vibration pressure threshing in the bridge conveying and the front and back step threshing of threshing equipment, firstly, the low-speed flexible threshing of the pod plants with high maturity and easy frying is carried out in the conveying process, and the low-maturity and difficult threshing bean plants are conveyed to the axial-flow roller for impact threshing, thereby properly solving the problem that the bean crops are seriously crushed after long-term harvesting, and being particularly suitable for the bean harvesting in hilly and mountain areas.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the bridge conveying vibration threshing device in the embodiment of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of fig. 2 without the bridge stent.
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the plant conveying vibration and compression belt in fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the grain conveyor of fig. 2.
Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the vibrating-pressure threshing cylinder in fig. 2.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the axial flow primary threshing cylinder in the embodiment of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
In the bean combine harvester based on distributed threshing in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a header A1 is arranged at the front end of a crawler-type walking chassis A3, and threshing equipment consisting of an axial-flow main threshing cylinder A6, a concave plate screen A7 positioned below the main threshing cylinder A6 and a vibrating screen A8 positioned below the concave plate screen A7 is arranged above the crawler-type walking chassis A3. The header A1 is connected with threshing equipment through a conveying mechanism A2 supported on a bridge bracket. These are substantially the same as the prior art and are not described.
As shown in fig. 2, the conveying mechanism A2 consists of an upper plant conveying vibration-pressing belt 2 and a lower grain conveying belt 4 which are positioned in the frame-type bridge-crossing bracket 1, and two vibration-pressing threshing drums 3 which are distributed at intervals are arranged above the grain conveying belt 4 of the conveying mechanism A2, so that a bridge-crossing conveying vibration-pressing threshing device is formed. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the rotating shaft of the rear threshing cylinder is fixedly connected with a chain wheel 5 and a driving wheel 7 driven by a conveyer belt driving motor 8 and is in transmission connection with the chain wheel on the rotating shaft of the front vibrating and pressing threshing cylinder 3 through a chain 6.
As shown in fig. 5, the plant conveying vibration and pressing belt 2 consists of a vibration and pressing belt 2-2 which surrounds a driving roller shaft 2-1 at two ends, wherein the vibration and pressing belt 2-2 consists of hollowed-out adhesive tapes 2-2 with holes distributed and flexible vibration and pressing plates 2-2-1 made of rubber materials and distributed at intervals in the length direction of the adhesive tapes. The leak holes are in a strip shape extending along the length direction of the adhesive tape, and are uniformly distributed in the width direction of the adhesive tape at intervals, so that seeds can be fully sieved and dropped onto the seed conveying belt.
As shown in fig. 6, the grain conveyor 4 is composed of a rubber belt 4-2 wound around both end driving rollers 4-1 and L-shaped baffles 4-3 spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the rubber belt 4-2.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the output end of the plant conveying vibration and pressing belt 2 is connected with the input end of the concave screen A7 through a declining connecting plate. The output end of the grain conveyer belt 4 is connected with the input end of the vibrating screen A8 through a grain connecting conveyer belt A4 driven by a driving motor A5.
As shown in fig. 7, the vibrating threshing cylinder 3 comprises a hollow rotary cylinder 3-2, and two ends of the rotary cylinder 3-2 are supported on the bridge bracket 1 through end plates 3-4 and a rotating shaft 3-5 and driven to rotate by a motor. Four groups of connecting tooth rows 3-3 which extend radially are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the rotary drum 3-2, each group of connecting tooth rows 3-3 consists of five axially uniformly distributed tooth columns, and the outer ends of the connecting tooth rows 3-3 are fixedly connected with a tangential rubber threshing plate 3-1. The threshing plate 3-1 extends longer in the rotation direction than in the reverse rotation direction, so that crops can be extruded with larger flexibility and smaller flexibility, and the threshing effect is better.
In the embodiment, the rotation translocation time of the adjacent threshing plates 3-1 of the vibrating and pressing type threshing cylinder connected with the driving wheel 7 is equal to the translation translocation time of the adjacent vibrating and pressing plates 2-2-1 on the plant conveying and pressing belt, and the transmission ratio of the rear threshing cylinder to the front threshing cylinder is more than 1 in an unconventional way, so that the threshing plates of the front threshing cylinder and the vibrating and pressing plates are in a random corresponding relation, the relation between the rotating speed of the rear vibrating and pressing type threshing cylinder and the feeding speed of the plant conveying and pressing belt is controlled, the one-to-one correspondence between the threshing plates of the threshing cylinder and the vibrating and pressing plates can be ensured when the threshing plates of the threshing cylinder are adjacent to each other, so that crops are extruded randomly and orderly, the vibration extrusion threshing effect organically combined with each other is fully exerted, and the grain effect is better. In the process again, the threshing plate does not vibrate, when the plants are piled up on the plant conveying vibration pressing belt to be conveyed, the vibration pressing type threshing roller rotates, the linear speed direction of the lower end of the vibration pressing type threshing roller is consistent with the conveying direction of the plant conveying vibration pressing belt, a threshing gap (for example, 10 cm) between the vibration pressing type threshing roller and the vibration pressing belt is formed, the hollowed-out adhesive tape has certain elasticity, the pile thickness of the plants is larger than the gap, the vibration pressing type threshing roller rotates to compact the crops, the hollowed-out adhesive tape can regularly jump up and down under the action of pressure, so that the relative vibration in the operation process is generated, threshing is completed under the combined action of the vibration and the extrusion force of the threshing plate, and meanwhile, seeds are easier to fall from the hollowed-out adhesive tape to the lower layer seed conveying belt due to the existence of the relative vibration.
As shown in fig. 8, the axial-flow main threshing cylinder 6 comprises a web disc 6-6 and a driving shaft 6-7, and is divided into a screwing section and a re-threshing section, wherein the screwing section is composed of a conical screwing head 6-1 wound with a spiral blade 6-2, and the re-threshing section is composed of a spiral fixing rod 6-5 coiled outside a supporting rod 6-4 uniformly distributed axially and uniformly and radially arranged on the spiral fixing rod 6-5 at intervals. The screw blade 6-2 is welded and fixed on the conical screw-in head 6-1, the spike teeth 6-3 are welded on the screw fixing rod 6-5, and the screw fixing rod 6-5 is spirally welded on the 6 support rods 6-4. When in work, crop plants enter the re-threshing section from the screwing section to perform threshing operation under the screwing action of the conical screwing head 6-1 and the screw blades 6-2.
During harvesting operation, bean crop plants are fed into a bridge conveying vibration-pressing threshing device by a header, one-time flexible threshing operation is carried out while the bean crop plants are conveyed, the un-threshing crop plants and straws are conveyed to a concave plate screen of threshing equipment of the combine harvester under the action of an upper plant conveying belt, powerful re-threshing operation is carried out by a conical screw-in head to the inside of an axial-flow main threshing cylinder, and re-threshing crop seeds fall into a vibrating screen to be cleaned; and conveying the seeds which are pre-threshed by the bridge conveying vibration-pressure threshing device to a vibrating screen for cleaning by a seed conveying belt at the lower layer of the threshing device, and finally outputting the seeds to a collecting device after cleaning.
Experiments show that the combine harvester of the embodiment is provided with the gap bridge conveying vibration-pressure threshing device, so that the threshing operation of mature seeds is carried out before crops enter the threshing equipment, the main threshing operation is effectively assisted, and the main threshing cylinder of the threshing equipment can be regulated and controlled according to the reinforced threshing requirements of the less mature seeds, so that the problem of compromise of the seeds with different maturity is properly solved, the threshing rate is obviously improved, and the breakage rate is reduced.

Claims (6)

1. A bean combine harvester based on distributed threshing comprises a header (A1) positioned at the front end of a walking chassis (A3) and threshing equipment positioned on the walking chassis (A3); the threshing equipment consists of an axial-flow main threshing cylinder (A6), a concave plate screen (A7) positioned below the axial-flow main threshing cylinder and a vibrating screen (A8) positioned below the concave plate screen; the header and the threshing equipment are connected through a conveying mechanism (A2) supported on a gap bridge bracket; the method is characterized in that:
the conveying mechanism consists of an upper plant conveying vibration-pressing belt and a lower seed conveying belt, and is provided with at least one vibration-pressing threshing cylinder to form a bridge conveying vibration-pressing threshing device;
the plant conveying vibration and pressing belt (2) consists of a vibration and pressing belt (2-2) encircling driving roller shafts (2-1) at two ends, wherein the vibration and pressing belt (2-2) consists of hollowed-out adhesive tapes (2-2) distributed with leakage holes and flexible vibration and pressing plates (2-2-1) distributed at intervals in the length direction of the adhesive tapes;
the grain conveying belt (4) is composed of a rubber belt (4-2) encircling the driving rollers (4-1) at two ends and baffle plates (4-3) distributed at intervals in the length direction of the rubber belt;
the vibrating press type threshing cylinder (3) comprises a rotary cylinder (3-2), connecting tooth rows (3-3) which extend radially are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the rotary cylinder, and tangential threshing plates (3-1) are fixedly connected to the outer ends of the connecting tooth rows; the threshing plate and the adjacent vibrating plate form threshing intervals;
the output ends of the plant conveying vibration-pressing belt and the seed conveying belt of the bridge conveying vibration-pressing threshing device are respectively connected with the input ends of the concave plate sieve and the vibrating sieve;
the axial-flow main threshing cylinder is divided into a screwing-in section and a re-threshing section, wherein the screwing-in section is composed of a conical screwing-in head wound with a spiral blade, and the re-threshing section is composed of a spiral fixing rod coiled outside a supporting rod uniformly distributed axially and uniformly in the circumferential direction and radial spike teeth distributed on the spiral fixing rod at intervals.
2. Legume combine based on distributed threshing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotational translocation time of the adjacent threshing plates of at least one vibrating threshing cylinder is equal to the translational translocation time of the adjacent vibrating plates on the plant conveying vibrating belt.
3. Legume combine based on distributed threshing according to claim 2, characterized in that: two vibrating threshing drums which are distributed at intervals are arranged above a seed conveying belt of the conveying mechanism; the rotating shaft of the rear threshing cylinder is fixedly connected with the chain wheel and the driving wheel, and the rotation translocation time of the adjacent threshing plate is equal to the translation translocation time of the adjacent vibrating plate on the plant conveying vibrating belt; the transmission ratio of the rear threshing cylinder and the front threshing cylinder is larger than 1.
4. A legume combine based on distributed threshing according to claim 3, characterized in that: the threshing plate extends longer in the rotating direction than in the reverse rotating direction.
5. The legume combine harvester based on distributed threshing as recited in claim 4, wherein: the leak holes are in a strip shape extending along the length direction of the adhesive tape, and are uniformly distributed at intervals in the width direction of the adhesive tape.
6. The legume combine harvester based on distributed threshing as recited in claim 5, wherein: the baffle is L-shaped.
CN201910649475.6A 2019-07-18 2019-07-18 Bean combine harvester based on distributed threshing Active CN110278762B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0102117A1 (en) * 1982-08-17 1984-03-07 Ford New Holland N.V. Rotary cleaning mechanism and method for cleaning threshed grain in combines
JPH0530848A (en) * 1991-07-29 1993-02-09 Kubota Corp Axial flow type thresher
CN203775694U (en) * 2014-03-19 2014-08-20 福田雷沃国际重工股份有限公司 Multifunctional grain combine harvester
CN106856861A (en) * 2015-12-14 2017-06-20 李福来 The new barrel combined soybean seed thrasher of feed roller shaft flow roll
CN210726022U (en) * 2019-07-18 2020-06-12 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 Bean combine harvester based on distributed threshing

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0102117A1 (en) * 1982-08-17 1984-03-07 Ford New Holland N.V. Rotary cleaning mechanism and method for cleaning threshed grain in combines
JPH0530848A (en) * 1991-07-29 1993-02-09 Kubota Corp Axial flow type thresher
CN203775694U (en) * 2014-03-19 2014-08-20 福田雷沃国际重工股份有限公司 Multifunctional grain combine harvester
CN106856861A (en) * 2015-12-14 2017-06-20 李福来 The new barrel combined soybean seed thrasher of feed roller shaft flow roll
CN210726022U (en) * 2019-07-18 2020-06-12 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 Bean combine harvester based on distributed threshing

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
4LZ-4.0D型双滚筒联合收割机脱粒清选部件的研究;青月光;青苡任;;农业科技与装备(01);全文 *

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