CN110274658A - A kind of hydroenergy storage station ice condition supervising device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

It can be more than 50 meters in SEA LEVEL VARIATION, normal use under the operating condition that icing thickness is more than 0.75 meter the invention discloses a kind of hydroenergy storage station ice condition supervising device and method；The device can carry a variety of ice condition supervising sensors, guarantee the validity of test data；Survey ice water ruler progress hydroenergy storage station reservoir ice condition is carried using floatable buoy platform to monitor automatically, the measuring principle for wherein surveying ice water ruler is the contact voltage detected in air-ice-water, ice sheet upper and lower surfaces are judged by the difference of contact voltage value, to calculate hydroenergy storage station reservoir icing thickness.

Description

A pumped storage power station ice monitoring device and method

technical field

The invention relates to hydropower and water conservancy equipment, in particular to an ice condition monitoring device for a pumped storage power station.

Background technique

The pumped storage hydropower station is a hydropower station that uses the electric energy to pump water to the upper reservoir during the low power load period, and then releases water to the lower reservoir for power generation during the peak power load period. It is also called an energy storage hydropower station. Compared with conventional hydropower stations, pumped storage power stations have two notable features: first, the storage capacity of the reservoir is generally relatively small, and the water level of the reservoir fluctuates greatly; second, the pumped storage power station has two main modes of operation: power generation and pumping. The water level goes through at least one rise and fall cycle every day.

As a dedicated peak-shaving and backup power source for the power grid, my country has also planned a large number of pumped storage power stations in the cold northern regions. The planning and design of these pumped storage power stations and their operation during ice periods have encountered freezing problems to varying degrees. It will have a very serious adverse effect on the benefit and safety of the power station.

The freezing of the reservoir of the pumped storage power station in the cold region encroached on part of the total storage capacity, reducing the storage capacity and affecting the power generation efficiency to a certain extent; if the operation mode is improper in winter, the ice conditions may cause damage to hydraulic structures such as gates and dams. Therefore, the design of frozen storage capacity and anti-icing operation of hydropower stations are two important issues for pumped storage power stations in cold regions.

In "Hydrological Calculation Specifications for Hydropower and Water Conservancy Engineering" (DL/T 5431-2009), the description of ice analysis and calculation for pumped storage power plants is as follows: it can analyze "the icing characteristics of the upper and lower reservoirs of pumped storage power plants, the formation of ice sheets , the impact of crushing on storage capacity and pumping water". However, due to the complexity of the characteristics of ice conditions, the depth and breadth of research at this stage are seriously insufficient. The theoretical basis and specific methods of the analysis and calculation of engineering ice conditions are immature, and they need to be improved in combination with practical research.

Several key indicators in the analysis and calculation of ice conditions in pumped storage power stations, such as maximum ice thickness, frozen storage capacity, minimum unfreezing distance downstream of conventional hydropower stations (when conventional hydropower stations upstream of pumped storage power stations are in operation), etc., some empirical formulas can be used for reference, but Very immature and lacks validation.

At present, the research results on the ice conditions of reservoirs (lakes) in cold regions at home and abroad are mainly the conventional static water ice production and dissipation process, while the actual prototype observation data of the power station under the operating conditions of the ice period is less, as a pumped storage power station that is significantly different from conventional power stations For the power station, because the ice production and consumption process of the upper and lower reservoirs is closely related to the reservoir water level, ambient temperature, water inlet/outlet location, and power station dispatching operation mode, the reservoir surface repeatedly presents "freezing-ice cracking-melting-condensation". The state of ice” and other conditions, especially in the area tens of meters away from the bank of the reservoir, where the ice condition is changing all the time, the risk of artificially entering the reservoir for prototype observation is extremely dangerous, limited by the current development level of ice thickness measuring instruments, for reservoirs (especially Thin ice area) ice thickness measurement is still very immature, and it is difficult to obtain accurate data of ice thickness. At present, it is only an intuitive understanding through photographing, artificial estimation and other means, and there is still a very long distance from the acquisition of real data.

New technologies developed in recent years, including ground-penetrating radar to detect ice thickness, UAV aerial photography emergency monitoring, etc., although there have been some progress, and some data can be obtained to a certain extent, there are still great limitations. It needs manual on-site operation, and is seriously affected by the weather. It does not have monitoring conditions at night, and the monitoring data does not have continuity; second, the accuracy of ice thickness measurement is limited, especially for thin ice or ice thickness is not large. is helpless.

The upper reservoir of the pumped storage power station is located on the top of the mountain, the water level of the reservoir varies as high as tens of meters, and the side slope ratio of the reservoir basin is usually about 1:1.6; in order to adapt to the environmental conditions of huge temperature changes, the reservoir The anti-seepage treatment of the basin panel and the bottom of the reservoir basin is the key. After the power station is completed, the impact and scratches of sharp objects may damage the anti-seepage layer, thereby affecting its anti-seepage effect; the reservoir of the northern pumped storage power station is easy to freeze in winter. After the panels around the reservoir basin freeze, when the reservoir water level rises or falls, the ice cubes will tear or collapse, which will cause obvious damage to the anti-seepage layer of the reservoir basin panel; after the power station is in normal operation, this situation is not allowed to happen It is usually necessary to maintain a few-meter-wide dynamic water zone or thin ice zone around the reservoir basin through power station dispatching or other auxiliary measures to avoid the formation of an overall ice cover in the reservoir basin. Affected by wind power and reservoir pumping/power generation, the ice floes on the reservoir surface are often in a drifting state in winter. The ice floes on the downwind side are easy to contact with the panel and freeze. When the reservoir maintains the same water level for a long time, the degree of icing in severe cold conditions It will be significantly strengthened, and may damage the anti-seepage panel in severe cases.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an ice condition monitoring device for a pumped storage power station in view of the deficiencies in the prior art. The device can be used normally under the working conditions where the water level changes more than 50 meters and the ice thickness exceeds 0.75 meters; The device can be equipped with a variety of ice monitoring sensors to achieve mutual verification of various test principles to ensure the validity of the test data.

The installation platform of the device is assembled by plastic buoys, and its periphery is integrally welded with high-strength stainless steel square tubes. The installation platform has a bearing capacity of more than 1.5 tons and can bear the ice extrusion force of more than 0.5 meters thick. The anchoring device adopts a suitable length Nylon ropes and dragging anchor chains meet the severe application conditions of pumped storage power stations with large water level changes (more than 50m).

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: an ice condition monitoring device for a pumped storage power station, comprising:

An installation platform set on the water/ice surface;

An installation bracket fixed on the installation platform, and the installation bracket includes an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is located above the water surface/ice surface, and the lower part extends from above the water surface/ice surface to below the water surface/ice surface;

Water gauge fixed on the lower part of the mounting bracket;

Both sides of the scale of the water gauge are respectively provided with a plurality of voltage sensing points along the length of the water gauge;

The installation platform is connected to the bottom of the reservoir of the pumped storage power station through an anchoring device, and the device is fixed by anchoring, which can well prevent the monitoring device from being affected by wind and water flow from a large deviation.

A suspension is connected between the installation platform and the anchoring device. When the installation platform drifts under the influence of wind and water flow, the anchoring device tightens the suspension, and then connects the installation platform through the suspension, thereby slowing down the movement of the installation platform. slope.

The four corners of the installation platform are provided with buffer pieces; the installation platform is connected to the suspension piece through the first flexible piece; the connection point between the first flexible piece and the installation platform is located on the opposite side of the installation bracket. The buffer can prevent the asphalt panel of the reservoir from being damaged when the installation platform is blown to the bank of the reservoir by the wind.

The installation platform is provided with a telemetry box; the telemetry box is provided with a telemetry terminal and a wireless communication module electrically connected to the telemetry terminal; the telemetry terminal is electrically connected to the water gauge and the storage battery.

The mooring device includes a third flexible connecting piece connected to the suspension; the third flexible connecting piece is connected to the second flexible piece; and the second flexible connecting piece is connected to the anchor chain. The third flexible connecting piece is a stainless steel chain, which is used to lower the second flexible connecting piece to the ice surface to prevent the second flexible piece from freezing together with the ice surface. The cast iron anchor chain is mainly used to anchor the installation platform , when the wind force exceeds its frictional force with the bottom of the silo, it is allowed to drag on the bottom of the silo to minimize damage to the anti-seepage panel at the bottom of the silo.

The installation platform is provided with a solar light panel; the solar light panel is electrically connected to the charging controller; and the charging controller is electrically connected to the storage battery. Use solar power to power electrical equipment and save energy.

Correspondingly, the present invention also provides another method for calculating the thickness of the ice layer using the above-mentioned device, including:

Collect the voltage values of all voltage sensing points on the water gauge;

The location of the voltage sensing point is judged according to the voltage value, so as to calculate the thickness of the ice layer.

When providing 3.3V voltage for the water gauge, use the following methods to judge the position of the voltage sensing point:

When the voltage value of a voltage sensing point is greater than 2.75V, it is determined that the voltage sensing point is located in water;

When the voltage value of a voltage sensing point is between 0.33V and 0.75V, it is determined that the voltage sensing point is located in the ice layer;

When the voltage value of a certain voltage sensing point is less than 0.33V, it is determined that the voltage sensing point is located in the air.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effects that: the device of the present invention can be used normally under the working condition that the water level changes more than 50 meters and the ice thickness exceeds 0.75 meters; the device can be equipped with various ice condition monitoring Sensors to ensure the validity of test data;

The present invention uses a buoyant buoy platform equipped with an ice measuring gauge to automatically monitor the icing situation of the reservoir of the pumped storage power station. The difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the ice layer can be judged, so as to accurately calculate the ice thickness of the reservoir of the pumped storage power station.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of device structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the water gauge of the present invention.

Detailed ways

When the device is installed in the reservoir (upper reservoir and lower reservoir) of the pumped storage power station, it shall be fixed by anchoring. The length of the anchor rope is determined according to the amplitude of the water level (normal water storage level-dead water level); in order to keep the monitoring device stable, an intermediate float is added between the mooring device and the installation platform to slow down the inclination of the installation platform due to the tension of the anchor rope. Large; the upper part of the anchoring device is made of stainless steel chain (length 5 meters), the middle part is made of nylon rope, and the bottom is made of cast iron mooring anchor chain (more than 250 kg); the role of the stainless steel chain is to lower the nylon rope to the ice surface to prevent nylon The rope is frozen with the ice surface, and the cast iron mooring anchor chain mainly plays the role of anchoring the installation platform. When the wind force exceeds the friction force between it and the bottom of the reservoir, it is allowed to drag on the bottom of the reservoir with as little impact on the reservoir as possible. Damage to the bottom anti-seepage panel.

The running track of the monitoring device in the storage basin is: the throwing point is the center, and the length of the anchor rope is the radius range. The lower the reservoir water level is, the larger its operating radius is, and as the reservoir water level rises, its operating radius becomes smaller. In extreme cases, when the water level rises to the normal storage level, the monitoring device is basically located directly above the throwing point.

Selection of throwing point: The throwing point is selected with reference to the slope footline of the reservoir basin, and the water level drops to the dead water level as the limit. The throwing point should be at least X meters away from the slope footline of the reservoir basin, X=(normal water storage level-dead water level )+ reserve the safe length for wind and waves.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the installation platform 1 of the present invention is spliced with 4*4 plastic buoys 10, and the size of a single buoy is 500mm*500mm*400mm (length*width*height), and the periphery of the buoy is a stainless steel square frame 11. The buoy is fastened with bolts, and the stainless steel fence is welded on the stainless steel frame. The stainless steel frame is wound with hemp rope, and the four corners are wrapped with rubber (that is, the buffer member 7) to prevent collisions. The overall carrying capacity of the installation platform is 1600 kg.

The intermediate buoy (suspended part 7) is a buffer component between the installation platform and the anchor chain system. When the installation platform drifts under the influence of wind and water flow, the mooring device tightens the intermediate buoy, and then connects the installation platform through the intermediate buoy. Slow down the inclination of the installation platform.

The first flexible part 12 (nylon rope), the second flexible part 14 (nylon rope): the first flexible part 12 is connected to the installation platform and the middle buoy, and the second flexible part 14 is connected to the stainless steel chain 13 at the lower end of the middle buoy and the river (lake) Bottom cast iron mooring anchor chain device.

Stainless steel chain 13, anchor chain 15: The upper part of the anchoring device is made of stainless steel chain (length 5 meters), which is used to lower the nylon rope to the ice surface to prevent the nylon rope from freezing together with the ice surface. To the effect of anchoring the installation platform, when the wind force exceeds the friction force between it and the bottom of the reservoir, it is allowed to drag on the bottom of the reservoir and cause as little damage to the anti-seepage panel at the bottom of the reservoir as possible.

As shown in Figure 2, the present invention also includes:

Telemetry device (set in telemetry case 8): including telemetry terminal, wireless communication module, GPS module, etc., installed in the stainless steel case;

As shown in Fig. 3, the water gauge 18 (ie water gauge) of the ice (water) sensor of the present invention: the measuring range is 1 meter, and the integrated resistive measurement mode. Resistive ice sensor (a plurality of voltage sensing contacts 21 are arranged on the water gauge). The resolution of the water gauge is 1 cm; The top of the water gauge leads out; the ice (water) sensor water gauge 18 is installed on the mounting bracket 2; the scale 19 is set on the front of the water gauge.

Solar power supply system: including solar panels 6, charge controllers, batteries;

Radiation cover 9 and ambient temperature sensor: adopt digital thermometer, and thermometer is installed in the radiation cover;

In this application, the method for calculating the thickness of the ice layer includes the following steps:

Collect the voltage values of all voltage sensing points on the water gauge;

The location of the voltage sensing point is judged according to the voltage value, so as to calculate the thickness of the ice layer.

When providing 3.3V voltage for the water gauge, use the following methods to judge the position of the voltage sensing point:

When the voltage value of a voltage sensing point is greater than 2.75V, it is determined that the voltage sensing point is located in water;

When the voltage value of a voltage sensing point is between 0.33V and 0.75V, it is determined that the voltage sensing point is located in the ice layer;

When the voltage value of a certain voltage sensing point is less than 0.33V, it is determined that the voltage sensing point is located in the air.

Claims (9)

1. An ice condition monitoring device for a pumped storage power station, characterized in that it comprises: An installation platform (1) arranged on the water surface/ice surface; The installation bracket (2) fixed on the installation platform (1), and the installation bracket (2) includes an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is located above the water surface/ice surface, and the lower part extends into the water surface/ice surface from above the water surface/ice surface below; The water gauge (18) fixed on the lower part of the mounting bracket (2); Both sides of the scale of the water gauge are respectively provided with a plurality of voltage sensing points along the length of the water gauge. 2. The ice condition monitoring device of the pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation platform (1) is connected to the bottom of the reservoir of the pumped storage power station through an anchoring device. 3. The ice condition monitoring device for a pumped storage power station according to claim 2, characterized in that a suspension (16) is connected between the installation platform (1) and the mooring device. 4. The ice condition monitoring device for a pumped storage power station according to claim 3, characterized in that buffer members (7) are provided at the four corners of the installation platform; the installation platform passes through the first flexible member (12) It is connected with the suspension part (16); the connection point between the first flexible part (12) and the installation platform is located on the opposite side of the installation bracket (2). 5. The ice condition monitoring device for a pumped storage power station according to claim 4, characterized in that, the mooring device comprises a third flexible connector (13) connected to the suspension (16); the first The three flexible connecting parts (13) are connected with the second flexible part (14); the second flexible part (14) is connected with the anchor chain. 6. The ice condition monitoring device for a pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, the installation platform (1) is provided with a telemetry chassis (8); the telemetry chassis (8) is provided with a telemetry terminal and a wireless communication module electrically connected to the remote measurement terminal; the remote measurement terminal is electrically connected to the water gauge (18) and the storage battery. 7. The pumped storage power station ice condition monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the installation platform (1) is provided with a solar photovoltaic panel (6); the solar photovoltaic panel (6) is electrically connected to the charge controller connection; the charging controller is electrically connected to the storage battery; the charging controller and the storage battery are installed in a stainless steel box under the solar panel. 8. A method for calculating the thickness of the ice layer using the device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises: Collect the voltage values of all voltage sensing points on the water gauge; The location of the voltage sensing point is judged according to the voltage value, so as to calculate the thickness of the ice layer. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, when the water gauge is provided with a voltage of 3.3V, the following method is used to judge the position of the voltage sensing point: When the voltage value of a voltage sensing point is greater than 2.75V, it is determined that the voltage sensing point is located in water; When the voltage value of a voltage sensing point is between 0.33V and 0.75V, it is determined that the voltage sensing point is located in the ice layer; When the voltage value of a certain voltage sensing point is less than 0.33V, it is determined that the voltage sensing point is located in the air.