CN113932694B - Automatic monitoring system for culvert safety - Google Patents
Automatic monitoring system for culvert safety Download PDFInfo
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- CN113932694B CN113932694B CN202111244242.1A CN202111244242A CN113932694B CN 113932694 B CN113932694 B CN 113932694B CN 202111244242 A CN202111244242 A CN 202111244242A CN 113932694 B CN113932694 B CN 113932694B
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C1/00—Measuring angles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
- G01C5/04—Hydrostatic levelling, i.e. by flexibly interconnected liquid containers at separated points
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L7/00—Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements
- G01L7/02—Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements in the form of elastically-deformable gauges
- G01L7/08—Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements in the form of elastically-deformable gauges of the flexible-diaphragm type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/14—Receivers specially adapted for specific applications
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culvert safety automatic monitoring system, relates to the technical field of culvert monitoring, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, monitoring of flow and flow speed of a culvert, monitoring of stress of a culvert structure and lower monitoring precision are lacking. The system comprises a data acquisition subsystem, a data management subsystem, a safety monitoring subsystem, a data analysis subsystem and an early warning and forecasting subsystem, wherein the data acquisition subsystem comprises a data detection module and a data receiving module, the data detection module is arranged on each monitoring point position of a culvert through a buoy, the data receiving module is arranged on the bank edge of a river channel, and the data detection module transmits acquired detection data to the data receiving module. By configuring the hardware, the system can acquire the use condition, the surrounding environment and the stress condition of the culvert structure, can realize real-time safety monitoring, early warning and forecasting through a safety monitoring subsystem, an early warning and forecasting subsystem and the like of the system, realizes automatic monitoring of the culvert safety, and has high monitoring precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of culvert monitoring, relates to a system for detecting flow, flow and water level of a culvert and monitoring structural safety, and in particular relates to a culvert safety monitoring system.
Background
Culverts are a common structure in daily life, and in general, in highway engineering construction, in order to make a highway smoothly pass through a ditch without obstructing traffic, a drainage duct (water passing channel) is formed below a roadbed and below a road surface, and water can flow through the structure from below the highway. For draining floods across natural gully depressions, or as interchange for people, livestock and vehicles across large and small roads, or as raceway for farm irrigation. Culverts mainly comprise a cave body, a foundation, ends, wing walls and the like. The culvert is built by materials such as bricks, stones, concrete, reinforced concrete and the like according to the principle of communicating vessels. The aperture is generally small, and the shape is tubular, box-shaped, arched and the like.
In addition to the above culverts, river crossing culverts are also a common culvert. The river crossing culvert is used as a river engineering node, and is mainly used for controlling the flushing of the river channels at the upstream and downstream of the node to protect the safety of the embankment engineering. After the culvert nodes are regulated and controlled, the evolution of the river beds at the upstream and downstream of the nodes has relative independence, and the culvert plays a role in buffering and regulating for upstream inflow. The river crossing culvert plays a role in supporting the river and the river channel, and controls the development direction of the upstream river reach dredging and the downstream river bed. However, under the influence of flood scouring, artificial sand mining activities and other factors in the flood season, the downstream river bed is continuously cut down, so that the local specific drop of the water surface line of the river channel is increased, the flow speed of the local river segment of the culvert is increased, the flow state is disturbed, the elevation position of the culvert is continuously lifted, and a huge drop is formed at the position; under the effects of repeated scouring, erosion and the like, the downstream riverbed undercut trend is faster and faster, the depth of the scour is bigger and bigger, huge deep grooves are formed in the long time, the deep grooves have the trend of guiding water flow to shorelines, the culvert dangerous segment embankment foundation is seriously scoured, and the operation safety of the culvert is seriously affected. For this reason, it is very necessary to safely monitor the operation of the culvert.
In the prior art, the safety monitoring of culverts is mainly focused on monitoring and early warning of culvert ponding, culvert water level, culvert traffic conditions and the like, for example, the application numbers 201810053448.8, 201810048869.1, 20201358556. X and other patent applications are mainly used for early warning and monitoring the culvert water level safety, and the culvert water level conditions are monitored, so that the vehicle type data are combined for warning and early warning, traffic safety assessment and vehicle-road collaborative early warning, and the traffic safety of passers of the culverts is ensured. However, in addition to normal culvert water level monitoring, the monitoring of the running condition of the culvert requires structural stress monitoring on the dangerous section of the culvert, analysis of safety indexes of each control section structure of the culvert, evaluation of the working state of the culvert engineering and guarantee of the running safety of the culvert engineering; in the prior art, effective monitoring such as flow, flow speed and water level monitoring (namely surface flow speed and flow detection) of culverts, culvert structure safety monitoring (namely internal and external water pressure of culverts, stress and displacement sedimentation of culvert structures, and riverbed deformation displacement monitoring are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a culvert safety automatic monitoring system, which aims to solve the problems of lack of monitoring of flow and flow rate of a culvert and lower monitoring precision of a culvert structure in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The culvert safety automatic monitoring system comprises a data acquisition subsystem, a data management subsystem, a safety monitoring subsystem, a data analysis subsystem and an early warning and forecasting subsystem;
the data acquisition subsystem is used for acquiring data of the culvert to be tested;
The data management subsystem is used for acquiring the data acquired by the data acquisition subsystem and storing and managing the data;
the safety monitoring subsystem is used for acquiring data in the information management subsystem, analyzing and monitoring the data and outputting a monitoring result;
The data analysis subsystem is used for acquiring the data in the information management subsystem, analyzing, counting, judging and evaluating the data and outputting data results;
The early warning and forecasting subsystem is used for acquiring the data result of the data analysis subsystem, analyzing the data of each monitoring section of the culvert through an ANSYS finite element calculation model, and outputting a forecasting result;
Preferably, the data acquisition subsystem comprises a data detection module and a data receiving module, wherein the data detection module is arranged on each monitoring point of the culvert through a buoy, the data receiving module is arranged on the bank of the river channel, and the data detection module transmits the acquired detection data to the data receiving module.
Preferably, the data detection module comprises a flow velocity meter, an osmometer, a level gauge, an inclination angle vibrating meter, a dynamic and static strain meter and a vibrating wire type surface crack meter;
The flow velocity meter is used for collecting flow data and flow velocity data of the culvert;
The osmometer is used for acquiring water pressure data in the culvert;
The leveling instrument is used for collecting displacement sedimentation data around the culvert;
The inclination angle vibrating meter is arranged on the vault of the three monitoring sections of the inlet section, the axis section and the outlet section of the culvert and is used for collecting posture change data of the culvert, including inclination data, scouring amplitude data, acceleration data and angle change data;
The dynamic-static strain gauges are arranged on the culvert along the radial direction and the axial direction of the culvert in different sections and are used for collecting stress data of the culvert;
The vibrating wire type surface crack meter is arranged in cracks of the culvert body, cracks of the rock landslide surface around the culvert or/and cracks between the dangerous rock mass on the surface of the landslide and the parent body and is used for collecting the variation of the cracks around the culvert.
Preferably, the data acquisition subsystem further comprises a downstream riverbed deformation displacement monitoring module, the downstream riverbed deformation displacement monitoring module comprises a Beidou reference station fixed near a deformation point, a plurality of Beidou monitoring stations are arranged around the Beidou reference station, the Beidou satellite positioning system acquires Beidou receiving antenna signals of the Beidou reference station and the Beidou monitoring stations, and the relative displacement between the Beidou reference station and the Beidou monitoring stations is obtained by adopting a relative positioning principle.
Preferably, the data receiving module is arranged on the bank edge of the river channel through the mounting frame; the mounting bracket comprises a mounting base connected with the cross rod, a connecting rod is hinged to the mounting base in a spherical mode, the other end of the connecting rod is connected with an instrument mounting seat, and the data receiving module is mounted on the instrument mounting seat; the connecting rod comprises a connecting ball head which is arranged in a groove of the mounting base and can rotate freely, a fixing rod is fixedly connected to the connecting ball head, the other end of the fixing rod is rotationally connected with a rotating rod, a tightening screw rod is connected in the rotating rod along the axial thread of the rotating rod, and one end, close to the connecting ball head, of the tightening screw rod sequentially penetrates through an axial through hole of the fixing rod and a radial through hole of the connecting ball head and then can be tightened on the inner wall of the groove of the mounting base; the mounting base is provided with an anti-rotation mechanism for preventing the fixed rod from rotating along with the rotating rod.
Preferably, the anti-rotation mechanism comprises a plurality of connecting columns fixedly connected to the mounting base, and the connecting columns are distributed around the connecting rod in a round or square shape; the connecting column is sleeved with an annular gravity frame capable of sliding along the length direction of the connecting rod, the other end of the connecting column is fixedly connected with an annular fixing frame, the annular gravity frame and the annular fixing frame are sleeved outside the connecting rod, a containing through hole is formed between the annular gravity frame, the annular fixing frame and two adjacent connecting columns, and at least two non-parallel limiting rods can be embedded into the anti-rotation groove of the fixing rod after penetrating through the containing through hole.
Preferably, the anti-rotation grooves are arranged in a plurality, each anti-rotation groove is distributed along the axial direction of the fixing rod, and the plurality of anti-rotation grooves are distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixing rod.
Preferably, a plurality of limit grooves matched with the limit rods are formed in the end face of the annular gravity frame, the limit grooves are formed in the end face, close to the annular fixing frame, of the annular gravity frame, each limit groove is arranged along the radial direction of the annular gravity frame, and the limit grooves are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular gravity frame.
Preferably, the osmometer is arranged at the top of the culvert through a buoy, the osmometer comprises a pressure measuring pipe embedded in the top of the culvert, a level gauge is arranged in the pressure measuring pipe, the level gauge is connected with a transmitter in the buoy through a wire, and the transmitter is connected with the data receiving module; the culvert top fixedly connected with is used for fixed wire, the location mounting panel of pressure measurement pipe.
Preferably, the leveling instrument comprises a plurality of groups, wherein the groups of leveling instruments are distributed in the culvert and soil around the culvert; the water pipe is communicated in proper order to multiunit water level bottom, and multiunit water level top is communicated in proper order through the trachea, and first water level bottom is communicated with the water storage tank bottom through the water pipe, and first water level top is communicated with the water storage tank top through the trachea.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. In the invention, the flow velocity meter in the monitoring system adopts non-contact radar waves to measure the velocity, and the flow velocity meter can be suitable for being installed in a severe environment and has high flow measurement precision; the pressure sensor in the osmometer is internally provided with a steel wire and is fixed on the vibrating diaphragm, the tension degree of the steel wire is changed due to the pressure change on the vibrating diaphragm, and the tension degree of the steel wire can indirectly measure the pressure on the vibrating diaphragm because the square of the self-vibration frequency of the steel wire is in direct proportion to the tension degree of the steel wire, so that the monitoring precision is high when the osmometer is used for carrying out internal and external water pressure; the dynamic and static strain gauge can be used for carrying out long-term monitoring of static, dynamic and static surface strain and low-frequency dynamic surface strain, is particularly suitable for engineering test occasions with relatively dispersed distribution such as culverts, river channels and the like, and is convenient to use; when the crack expands, the deformation is transmitted to the conversion mechanism through the front end seat and the rear end seat of the vibrating wire type surface crack meter, the vibrating wire is driven to generate stress change, the vibration frequency of the vibrating wire is changed together, the vibration frequency is measured, the frequency signal is transmitted to the frequency reading instrument through the cable, the deformation of the structure to be measured can be measured, and the crack measuring precision is high. The monitoring system can acquire the use condition, the surrounding environment and the stress condition of the culvert structure by configuring the hardware, can realize real-time safety monitoring, early warning and forecasting by a safety monitoring subsystem, an early warning and forecasting subsystem and the like of the system, and realizes automatic monitoring of the culvert safety with high monitoring precision.
2. In the invention, the data receiving module is arranged on the mounting frame in a spherical hinge mode; during installation, under the action of gravity of devices such as connecting rod, instrument mount pad and data receiving module, the connecting rod will naturally be the vertical state because of the effect of spherical hinge, then fix the dead lever part in the connecting rod through preventing rotating the mechanism, prevent that the dead lever from rotating, then rotate the dwang, make the tight lead screw of top stretch out and top tightly on the recess inner wall, the connecting rod can keep the vertical state for a long time when devices such as data receiving module are installed at the back, and can not be influenced by whether installation angle of installation base is horizontal or vertical, the connecting rod after the mounting bracket is installed remains vertical state throughout, thereby when installing data receiving module on the instrument mount pad, data receiving module installs into level or vertical state more easily, data receiving module's installation is more convenient, swiftly, and when carrying out flow, flow measurement through this data receiving module later, measurement accuracy is higher.
3. According to the invention, the anti-rotation mechanism is embedded into the anti-rotation groove of the fixed rod through the limiting rod, and the limiting rod is compacted through the annular gravity frame to prevent the movement of the limiting rod, so that the aim of preventing the fixed rod from rotating together with the rotating rod is fulfilled, and the tight jacking screw rod stretches out and jacks on the inner wall of the groove or contracts to release the tight jacking state through rotating the rotating rod; the anti-rotation structure has the advantages of simple structure, convenient and quick anti-rotation or anti-rotation releasing operation, and can be well applied to the installation scene of the data receiving module.
4. According to the invention, the limiting groove is arranged on the end face of the annular gravity frame and is matched with the limiting rod, the limiting rod can be effectively limited through the arrangement of the limiting groove, the anti-rotation failure caused by the movement of the limiting rod in the anti-rotation process is prevented, and the anti-rotation effect of the fixing rod is improved.
5. According to the invention, the osmometer is installed and positioned through the buoy, so that the osmometer is more convenient and faster to install, and the subsequent maintenance is more convenient and faster.
6. According to the invention, a plurality of leveling instruments are adopted for settlement monitoring, the leveling instruments communicated through the air pipes and the water pipes can change the liquid level in the leveling instruments when the leveling instruments are settled or lifted based on the communicating vessel principle, and the settlement condition of the position of the corresponding leveling instrument is judged according to the change of the liquid level in the leveling instruments, so that the detection is convenient, the precision is high, and the flexibility is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a culvert water flow surface flow rate detector;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the mounting bracket in the culvert water flow surface flow rate detector;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the mounting bracket with the jack screw extending out and jack in the groove of the mounting base;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a stationary lever to a rotating lever;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a beidou reference station and a beidou monitoring station;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the installation of an osmometer;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the installation of an osmometer;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the installation of the level;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the installation when settling/lifting occurs
1-Shore, 2-vertical rod, 3-equipment box, 4-rain gauge, 5-lightning rod, 6-horizontal rod, 7-installing support, 8-data receiving module, 9-river course, 10-Beidou receiving antenna, 11-solar panel, 12-equipment box, 13-culvert, 14-buoy, 15-wire, 16-positioning installing plate, 17-piezometer tube, 18-leveling instrument, 19-trachea, 20-water tube, 21-water storage tank, 131-culvert top, 71-installing base, 72-rotation preventing mechanism, 73-connecting rod, 74-instrument installing seat, 721-annular fixing frame, 722-accommodating through hole, 723-limiting rod, 724-annular gravity frame, 725-connecting column, 726-limiting groove, 731-rotating rod, 732-jacking screw rod, 733-fixing rod, 734-rotation preventing groove and 735-connecting ball head.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
The embodiment provides a culvert safety automation monitoring system, which is used for monitoring the use condition, the surrounding environment and the stress condition of a culvert structure. The monitoring system comprises a data acquisition subsystem, a data management subsystem, a safety monitoring subsystem, a data analysis subsystem and an early warning and forecasting subsystem;
the data acquisition subsystem is used for acquiring data of the culvert to be tested;
The data management subsystem is used for acquiring the data acquired by the data acquisition subsystem and storing and managing the data;
the safety monitoring subsystem is used for acquiring data in the information management subsystem, analyzing and monitoring the data and outputting a monitoring result;
The data analysis subsystem is used for acquiring the data in the information management subsystem, analyzing, counting, judging and evaluating the data and outputting data results;
The early warning and forecasting subsystem is used for acquiring the data result of the data analysis subsystem, analyzing the data of each monitoring section of the culvert through an ANSYS finite element calculation model, and outputting a forecasting result;
Preferably, the data acquisition subsystem comprises a data detection module and a data receiving module, wherein the data detection module is arranged on each monitoring point of the culvert through a buoy, the data receiving module is arranged on the bank of the river channel, and the data detection module transmits the acquired detection data to the data receiving module.
The data detection module comprises a flow velocity meter, an osmometer, a level gauge, an inclination angle vibrating meter, a dynamic and static strain gauge and a vibrating wire type surface crack meter;
the flow velocity meter is used for collecting flow data and flow velocity data of the culvert. The flow velocity meter adopts non-contact radar waves to measure the speed, and can be suitable for being installed in a severe environment, and the flow measurement precision is high.
The osmometer is used for collecting water pressure data in the culvert. The osmometer is arranged on the culvert roof 131 through the buoy 14 and comprises a pressure measuring pipe 17 embedded in the culvert roof 131, a level gauge 18 is arranged in the pressure measuring pipe 17, the level gauge 18 is connected with a transmitter in the buoy 14 through a lead 15, and the transmitter is connected with the data receiving module; the culvert roof 131 is fixedly connected with a positioning mounting plate 16 for fixing the lead 15 and the pressure measuring tube 17. The osmometer is installed and positioned through the buoy, so that the osmometer is more convenient and quick to install, and the subsequent maintenance is more convenient and quick.
The leveling instrument is used for collecting displacement sedimentation data around the culvert. The leveling instrument 18 comprises a plurality of groups, wherein the plurality of groups of leveling instruments 18 are distributed in the culvert and soil around the culvert; the bottoms of the multiple groups of leveling instruments 18 are sequentially communicated through water pipes 20, the tops of the multiple groups of leveling instruments 18 are sequentially communicated through air pipes 19, the bottom of a first leveling instrument 18 is communicated with the bottom of a water storage tank 21 through a water pipe 20, and the top of the first leveling instrument 18 is communicated with the top of the water storage tank 21 through the air pipes 19. The sets of levels 18 communicate to form a communicating vessel and, based on the communicating vessel principle, when a level(s) 18 is/are set down or raised, the level will change relative to the level 18, i.e. the distance of the level from the top or bottom of the level 18 will change, as the level height within the corresponding level 18 will not change relative to the horizontal plane. For example, compared with the bottom of the level 18, the initial liquid level is high, the current liquid level is high as delta H, if delta H is negative, the measured point is lowered; if delta H is positive, the measured point is lifted.
The system comprises an inclination vibrator, a three-axis MEMS acceleration sensor, a magnetic declination sensor and a positioning module, wherein the inclination vibrator is arranged on a vault of an inlet section, an axis section and an outlet section of the culvert, and the three-axis MEMS acceleration sensor, the magnetic declination sensor and the positioning module are integrated in the inclination vibrator at the same time and are used for acquiring posture change data of the culvert, including inclination data, scouring amplitude data, acceleration data and angle change data.
The dynamic-static strain gauge is arranged on the culvert along the radial direction and the axial direction of the culvert in different sections, can perform long-term monitoring of static, dynamic and low-frequency dynamic surface strain, supports single USB interface direct connection test and multiple in-situ bus cascade networking test, is used for built-in lithium battery operation, also supports external direct current power supply (storage battery) power supply, has a wide direct current power supply range, is very convenient to use, and can be used for collecting stress data of the culvert.
The vibrating wire type surface crack meter is arranged in cracks of the culvert body, cracks of the rock landslide surface around the culvert or/and cracks between the dangerous rock mass on the surface of the landslide and the parent body, and comprises a front end seat, a rear end seat and a conversion mechanism; when the cracks on the surface of the culvert are expanded, the deformation is transmitted to the conversion mechanism through the front end seat and the rear end seat, the vibrating wire is driven to generate stress change, so that the vibration frequency of the vibrating wire is changed, the electromagnetic coil excites the vibrating wire and measures the vibration frequency, the frequency signal is transmitted to the frequency reading instrument through the cable, the deformation of the structure to be measured can be measured, and the deformation can be used for collecting the change of the cracks around the culvert.
The data acquisition subsystem further comprises a downstream riverbed deformation displacement monitoring module, the downstream riverbed deformation displacement monitoring module comprises a Beidou reference station fixed near a deformation point, a plurality of Beidou monitoring stations are arranged around the Beidou reference station, a Beidou satellite positioning system acquires Beidou receiving antenna signals of the Beidou reference station and the Beidou monitoring stations, and relative displacement between the Beidou reference station and the Beidou monitoring stations is obtained by adopting a relative positioning principle. The real-time positioning information is obtained by receiving the data of the Beidou satellite positioning system, and then the real-time positioning information is calculated based on a large amount of monitoring data, so that accurate three-dimensional coordinates and time dimensions can be obtained; is not affected by human error; the geocentric coordinate system is adopted, so that the reference problem in monitoring of crust deformation, regional settlement and the like is solved; the measuring period is short, real-time dynamic, hour-level and day-level static monitoring is realized, and the whole flow of data acquisition, processing, output and display can be automated; is not affected by weather conditions; when the inter-station communication is not required, the distribution is more flexible; continuous monitoring can be realized under bad environmental conditions; the monitoring data has the same standard, high frequency and strong time sequence, is beneficial to modeling of the whole structure and analysis of big data, and can be used for long-term deformation trend analysis and the like.
Site selection requirements of Beidou reference station and Beidou monitoring station
① The reference station is required to be established at a place where the foundation is stable, and the place meets the following requirements:
② Fully utilizes the existing control points meeting the requirements.
③ The field is stable, and the annual average sinking and displacement are less than 3mm.
④ Is built outside the monitoring area, and is not more than 3km away from the monitoring area.
⑤ The view is wide, natural obstacles (including trees, existing buildings, mountain bodies and the like) are avoided, and the heights of surrounding natural obstacles are not more than 15 degrees. If trees are beside the standard station shielding, the change of winter Xia Zhishe and the growth of the trees are considered; and it is confirmed that a tall building which can block satellite observation is not constructed in the future.
Beidou reference station and Beidou monitoring station construction requirements
① Site construction refers to relevant standards, construction is carried out in various modes according to local conditions, and construction modes such as integrating upright posts, utilizing original observation piers and the like are flexibly adopted.
② The reference station needs to ensure the stability of the foundation, and can be selectively built on the stable ground, a building or below a frozen soil layer.
③ The solar energy is adopted for power supply, and the lighting condition is fully considered for installing the photovoltaic panel on the premise of not influencing the receiving of the Beidou satellite signals.
④ Reference station and monitoring station power supply duration ability: the solar power supply meets the continuous normal working requirement of more than 30 days in succession with cloudy days.
Beidou reference station and Beidou monitoring station installation method
① The method generally adopts an integrated upright rod installation mode, a reinforced concrete foundation is built according to local conditions, the length, width and depth of the concrete foundation are not less than 600mm and 800mm, the upper end is provided with anchor bolt threads, and the lower end is provided with an anti-pulling structure; the buried part should be kept horizontal, and the upper end should be reliably matched with the flange plate of the monitoring vertical rod.
② The height of the galvanized steel pipe is not less than 2m, the diameter is not less than 140mm, and the thickness of the pipe wall is not less than 3mm. Lightning protection work is finished, a lightning rod is arranged at the top, and the length is not less than 50cm.
③ After equipment is installed, wiring is arranged, and the storage is attractive. The monitoring work has to be carried out after the basis of the monitoring point has reached a steady state, after which the monitoring data should be considered valid.
The installed Beidou reference station and Beidou monitoring station are shown in fig. 6, and comprise a rack, wherein a Beidou receiving antenna 10, a solar panel 11, an equipment cabinet 12 and a storage battery box are installed on the rack, and a storage battery in the storage battery box is led into a cable penetrating pipe to enter the galvanized steel pipe and then enter the equipment cabinet for power supply; the solar panel 11 is connected to a battery, and the electric energy generated by the solar panel 11 is stored in the battery.
The flow rate detector, the osmometer, the inclination angle vibrating meter, the dynamic and static strain gauge and the vibrating wire type surface crack meter in the data acquisition subsystem are connected with the monitoring cloud platform through GPRS, GSM, 3G, 4G or/and internet; beidou reference stations in the data acquisition subsystem are connected with the monitoring cloud platform through satellite communication terminals and Beidou satellites.
The whole culvert safety automatic monitoring system helps the water conservancy bureau and related management departments to comprehensively master the deformation, seepage, environmental quantity and other conditions of the structure or the measured object through real-time dynamic safety monitoring, automatic water and rain situation measuring and forecasting, flood forecasting calculation and other structure and environmental quantity on-line monitoring, monitors site live in real time, provides data basis for the decision of the management departments, meets the technical requirements of engineering safety operation, and realizes unattended safety monitoring, information centralized management, engineering safety monitoring, high efficiency, real-time and information sharing.
The above is an embodiment of the present invention. The above embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for clearly describing the inventive verification process of the inventor, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all equivalent structural changes made by applying the descriptions and the drawings of the invention are included in the scope of the invention.
The data receiving module is required to be installed on the shore 1 around the culvert, and receives the data detected by the data detecting module around the culvert. The data detection module is installed on the bank 1 through a mounting frame, the mounting frame comprises a vertical rod 2 which is fixedly installed on the bank 1 through a hammer, the vertical rod 2 is a metal vertical rod, a cross rod 6 is transversely and fixedly installed on the middle upper portion of the vertical rod 2, and the mounting frame is formed by the vertical rod 2 and the cross rod 6. In order to improve the safety performance of the detector, a lightning rod 5 can be arranged at the top end of the vertical rod, and the lightning rod 5 is grounded. And one end of the cross rod 6 is provided with a rain gauge 4 for data acquisition of rainfall conditions. The cross bar 6 is also provided with a data receiving module 8, and the data receiving module 8 is positioned right above the water surface of the river channel 9 and is used for monitoring the water flow surface flow velocity in the river channel 9. The data receiving module 8 is installed on the cross bar 6 through the installing support 7, and is used for enabling the data receiving module 8 to be installed horizontally or vertically, and improving the data monitoring precision of the data receiving module 8.
The mounting bracket 7 comprises a mounting base 71, a connecting rod 73 and an instrument mounting seat 74 which are sequentially arranged, one surface of the mounting base 71 is fixedly arranged on the cross rod 6, an anti-rotation mechanism 72 is arranged on the other surface of the mounting base 71, and the anti-rotation mechanism 72 is mainly used for preventing the connecting rod 73 from being randomly rotated close to the mounting base 71 during clamping. The connecting rod 73 is connected to the mounting base 71 by means of a ball hinge, the other end of the connecting rod 73 is connected to the instrument mount 74, and then the data receiving module 8 is mounted on the instrument mount 74. The connecting rod comprises a connecting ball 735, a fixing rod 733, a rotating rod 731 and a tightening screw 732, wherein the connecting head 735 is installed in a groove of the installation base 71, and the connecting ball 735 can freely rotate in the groove. The other end of the connecting ball 735 is connected to a fixing lever 733, and the fixing lever 733 can rotate freely in the groove along with the connecting ball 735. At least two anti-rotation grooves 734 are formed in the fixing lever 733, each anti-rotation groove 734 is arranged along the axial direction of the fixing lever 733, and at least two anti-rotation grooves 734 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the fixing lever 733. If two anti-rotation grooves 734 are provided, the two anti-rotation grooves 734 cannot be provided in the same radial direction of the fixing lever 733. The other end of the fixed lever 733 is connected with a rotating lever 731, and the rotating lever 731 is movably connected with the fixed lever 733, so that the rotating lever 731 and the fixed lever 733 can rotate independently; fig. 5 shows a connection of both, which is of course not limited to this connection. Holes are formed in the centers of the rotating rod 731, the fixing rod 733 and the connecting ball 735, the center hole of the rotating rod 731 is an internal threaded hole, and the center holes of the fixing rod 733 and the connecting ball 735 are square blind holes and through holes. A tightening screw 732 is arranged in the rotating rod 731, and the tightening screw 732 is in threaded connection with the rotating rod 731. The other end of the tightening screw 732 passes through the central hole of the fixing lever 733 and then extends into the central hole of the connecting ball 735. In order to realize that the tightening screw 732 moves along with the rotation of the rotating rod 731 instead of along the axial direction of the tightening screw 732, an outer hexagon with the size matched with the size of the square blind hole of the fixing rod 733 or the connecting ball 735 can be welded on the tightening screw 732 corresponding to the fixing rod 733 or the connecting ball 735, so that the tightening screw 732 can only move along the axial direction of the tightening screw 732, extend out of the connecting ball 735 and tightly press on the inner wall of the groove of the mounting base 71 or shrink back into the connecting ball 735 to release the tightening state when the rotating rod 731 rotates and the fixing rod 733 is prevented from rotating along with the rotation. The rotation preventing mechanism 72 provided on the mounting base 71 is mainly used for preventing the fixing lever 733 from rotating together with the rotation lever 731.
The anti-rotation mechanism comprises a plurality of connecting posts 725, an annular gravity frame 724, an annular fixing frame 721 and a limiting rod 723, wherein the connecting posts 725 can be distributed around the connecting rod 73 in a circular or square shape by taking the connecting rod 73 as a center. The annular gravity frame 724 is provided with a perforation corresponding to the connecting column 725, and the connecting column 725 is fixedly connected with the annular fixing frame 721 after passing through the perforation on the annular gravity frame 724, so that the annular gravity frame 724 can move on the connecting column 725. When the annular gravity frame 724 is located in the middle of the connecting columns 725 (i.e. not stacked on the annular fixing frame 721), the accommodating through holes 722 are formed among the annular gravity frame 724, the annular fixing frame 721 and the adjacent two connecting columns 725, i.e. a plurality of accommodating through holes 722 are distributed in the circumferential direction of the anti-rotation mechanism 72. At the time of anti-rotation, at least two limit rods 723 pass through the accommodation through holes 722 corresponding to the anti-rotation grooves 734 of the fixing rod 733 and then extend into the corresponding anti-rotation grooves 734, and the two limit rods 723 cannot be parallel or collinear.
The rotation preventing grooves 734 on the fixing lever 733 are provided in plurality, each rotation preventing groove 734 is distributed along the axial direction of the fixing lever 733, and the rotation preventing grooves 734 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixing lever 733. The two stop links 723 cannot be parallel or collinear during anti-rotation, regardless of the number of anti-rotation slots 734.
In addition, in order to prevent the stopper rod 723 from being moved at random at the time of anti-rotation, the stopper rod 723 may be limited by setting the size of the receiving through hole 722 to be adapted to the size of the stopper rod 723 and pressing the stopper rod 723 in cooperation with the gravity of the annular gravity frame 724.
During installation, under the action of gravity of devices such as the connecting rod 73, the instrument mounting seat 74 and the data receiving module 8, the connecting rod 73 is in a vertical state naturally under the action of the spherical hinge, then the fixing rod 733 part in the connecting rod 73 is fixed through the anti-rotation mechanism 72, the fixing rod 733 is prevented from rotating, then the rotating rod 731 is rotated, the tightening screw 732 stretches out and is tightly pressed on the inner wall of the groove, the connecting rod 73 can be kept in the vertical state for a long time when the devices such as the data receiving module 8 are installed at the back, the connecting rod 73 is not influenced by whether the installation angle of the mounting base 71 is horizontal or vertical, the connecting rod 73 after the installation of the mounting frame 7 is always kept in the vertical state, so that the data receiving module 8 is easier to be installed in the horizontal or vertical state when the data receiving module is installed on the instrument mounting seat 74, the installation of the data receiving module 8 is more convenient and quick, and the measurement accuracy is higher when the flow and flow rate measurement is carried out through the data receiving module 8 at the subsequent time.
In addition, the limiting rod 723 can also fully utilize the annular gravity frame 724, a plurality of limiting grooves 726 matched with the limiting rod 723 are formed in the end face of the annular gravity frame 724, the limiting grooves 726 are formed in the end face of the annular gravity frame 724, which is close to the annular fixing frame 721, each limiting groove 726 is arranged along the radial direction of the annular gravity frame 724, and the plurality of limiting grooves 726 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular gravity frame 724.
Claims (7)
1. A culvert safety automation monitoring system, characterized in that: the system comprises a data acquisition subsystem, a data management subsystem, a safety monitoring subsystem, a data analysis subsystem and an early warning and forecasting subsystem;
the data acquisition subsystem is used for acquiring data of the culvert to be tested;
The data management subsystem is used for acquiring the data acquired by the data acquisition subsystem and storing and managing the data;
the safety monitoring subsystem is used for acquiring data in the information management subsystem, analyzing and monitoring the data and outputting a monitoring result;
The data analysis subsystem is used for acquiring the data in the information management subsystem, analyzing, counting, judging and evaluating the data and outputting data results;
The early warning and forecasting subsystem is used for acquiring the data result of the data analysis subsystem, analyzing the data of each monitoring section of the culvert through an ANSYS finite element calculation model, and outputting a forecasting result;
The data acquisition subsystem comprises a data detection module and a data receiving module, wherein the data detection module is arranged on each monitoring point position of the culvert through a buoy (14), the data receiving module is arranged on the bank edge of the river channel, and the data detection module transmits acquired detection data to the data receiving module;
The data detection module comprises a flow velocity meter, an osmometer, a level gauge, an inclination angle vibrating meter, a dynamic and static strain meter and a vibrating wire type surface crack meter;
The flow velocity meter is used for collecting flow data and flow velocity data of the culvert;
The osmometer is used for acquiring water pressure data in the culvert;
The leveling instrument is used for collecting displacement sedimentation data around the culvert;
The inclination angle vibrating meter is arranged on the vault of the three monitoring sections of the inlet section, the axis section and the outlet section of the culvert and is used for collecting posture change data of the culvert, including inclination data, scouring amplitude data, acceleration data and angle change data;
The dynamic-static strain gauges are arranged on the culvert along the radial direction and the axial direction of the culvert in different sections and are used for collecting stress data of the culvert;
The vibrating wire type surface crack meter is arranged in cracks of the culvert body, cracks of the rock landslide surface around the culvert or/and cracks between the dangerous rock mass on the surface of the landslide and the parent body and is used for collecting the variation of the cracks around the culvert;
The data receiving module (8) is arranged on the bank edge of the river channel through a mounting bracket; the mounting bracket (7) comprises a mounting base (71) connected with the cross rod (6), a connecting rod (73) is hinged to the mounting base (71) in a spherical mode, an instrument mounting seat (74) is connected to the other end of the connecting rod (73), and the data receiving module (8) is mounted on the instrument mounting seat (74); the connecting rod comprises a connecting ball (735) which is arranged in a groove of the mounting base (71) and can rotate freely, a fixing rod (733) is fixedly connected to the connecting ball (735), a rotating rod (731) is rotationally connected to the other end of the fixing rod (733), a tightening screw rod (732) is connected to the rotating rod (731) along the axial thread of the rotating rod (731), and one end, close to the connecting ball (735), of the tightening screw rod (732) sequentially penetrates through an axial through hole of the fixing rod (733) and a radial through hole of the connecting ball (735) and then can be tightened on the inner wall of the groove of the mounting base (71); the mounting base (71) is provided with an anti-rotation mechanism (72) that prevents the fixing lever (733) from rotating together with the rotating lever (731).
2. The culvert safety automation monitoring system of claim 1 wherein: the data acquisition subsystem further comprises a downstream riverbed deformation displacement monitoring module, the downstream riverbed deformation displacement monitoring module comprises a Beidou reference station fixed near a deformation point, a plurality of Beidou monitoring stations are arranged around the Beidou reference station, the Beidou satellite positioning system acquires Beidou receiving antenna signals of the Beidou reference station and the Beidou monitoring stations, and relative displacement between the Beidou reference station and the Beidou monitoring stations is obtained by adopting a relative positioning principle.
3. The culvert safety automation monitoring system of claim 1 wherein: the anti-rotation mechanism comprises a plurality of connecting columns (725) fixedly connected to the mounting base (71), and the connecting columns (725) are distributed around the connecting rod (73) in a round or square shape; the connecting column (725) is sleeved with an annular gravity frame (724) capable of sliding along the length direction of the connecting rod (73), the other end of the connecting column (725) is fixedly connected with an annular fixing frame (721), the annular gravity frame (724) and the annular fixing frame (721) are sleeved outside the connecting rod (73), an accommodating through hole (722) is formed between the annular gravity frame (724), the annular fixing frame (721) and two adjacent connecting columns (725), and at least two non-parallel limiting rods (723) can be embedded into an anti-rotation groove (734) of the fixing rod (733) after penetrating through the accommodating through hole (722).
4. The culvert safety automation monitoring system of claim 3 wherein: the anti-rotation grooves (734) are provided in a plurality, each anti-rotation groove (734) is distributed along the axial direction of the fixing rod (733), and the plurality of anti-rotation grooves (734) are distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixing rod (733).
5. The culvert safety automation monitoring system of claim 3 wherein: be provided with many spacing groove (726) with gag lever post (723) looks adaptation on the terminal surface of annular gravity frame (724), on the terminal surface that is close to annular mount (721) of annular gravity frame (724) are seted up in spacing groove (726), every spacing groove (726) all set up along the radial of annular gravity frame (724), the circumference evenly distributed of many spacing grooves (726) along annular gravity frame (724).
6. The culvert safety automation monitoring system of claim 1 wherein: the osmometer is arranged on the culvert roof (131) through a buoy (14), the osmometer comprises a pressure measuring tube (17) embedded in the culvert roof (131), a level gauge (18) is arranged in the pressure measuring tube (17), the level gauge (18) is connected with a transmitter in the buoy (14) through a lead (15), and the transmitter is connected with the data receiving module; the culvert roof (131) is fixedly connected with a positioning mounting plate (16) for fixing the lead (15) and the piezometer tube (17).
7. The culvert safety automation monitoring system of claim 1 wherein: the leveling instrument (18) comprises a plurality of groups, and the groups of leveling instruments (18) are distributed in the culvert and soil around the culvert; the bottoms of the multiple groups of leveling instruments (18) are sequentially communicated through water pipes (20), the tops of the multiple groups of leveling instruments (18) are sequentially communicated through air pipes (19), the bottom of a first leveling instrument (18) is communicated with the bottom of a water storage tank (21) through the water pipes (20), and the top of the first leveling instrument (18) is communicated with the top of the water storage tank (21) through the air pipes (19).
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| CN114485426B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-06-28 | 中交投资南京有限公司 | Optical detector and method for structural stability of tunnel surrounding rock |
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