CN110273407B - Steering device, fish passing system and fish passing method - Google Patents
Steering device, fish passing system and fish passing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110273407B CN110273407B CN201910655979.9A CN201910655979A CN110273407B CN 110273407 B CN110273407 B CN 110273407B CN 201910655979 A CN201910655979 A CN 201910655979A CN 110273407 B CN110273407 B CN 110273407B
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 416
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/006—Arresting, diverting or chasing away fish in water-courses or water intake ducts, seas or lakes, e.g. fish barrages, deterrent devices ; Devices for cleaning fish barriers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
Abstract
The invention discloses a steering device, a fish passing system and a fish passing method. Creating a favorable hydraulic environment of the fish near the track through the water diversion pipeline, the pump house, the fish penetrating chamber and the energy dissipation pool, and guiding the fish to the vicinity of the track; the fish is driven and collected by a fish transporting hopper car, a track and a winch, and transported to a dam until moving to a bogie; changing power and the direction of the fish head transporting vehicle through the bogie; the fish transporting trolley is used for transporting and warehousing fish through a winch and a rail; when the fish is put in a warehouse to a certain depth, the fish escapes from the fish transporting hopper car under a certain water pressure and enters the reservoir, so that the fish can pass through the dam. The device, the system and the method can realize fish collection, fish transportation and dam feeding and fish transportation and storage by only one set of power system and steering device, have simple structure, small occupied area, reliable, quick, efficient and energy-saving fish transportation, low manufacturing cost, operation and maintenance cost, reuse of downstream river water, save reservoir water resources and adapt to any topography, any dam height, any reservoir water level and downstream river water level amplitude.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy facilities, in particular to a steering device, a fish passing system and a fish passing method.
Background
With the construction of water conservancy facilities such as barrages, power stations, reservoirs and the like, a large number of original rivers and lakes are blocked, so that the ecological connectivity of the rivers is destroyed, and the fish migration channels are changed or reduced, thereby directly affecting the survival and propagation of the fish. If the fish is left to develop for a long time, the variety of the fish is easily reduced, and even part of the fish species are directly extinct.
Under the large environment advocating ecological civilization construction, the fish facilities such as fishways, fish gates and fish lifts are not only hydraulic engineering, but also ecological and civil compensatory engineering, and play a role in slowing down the blocking influence of a dam, restoring the original ecological environment of a river channel and protecting the species diversity of the river. Therefore, on the basis of fully knowing and knowing the research and construction development conditions of the fishway, an improvement method and measures are provided, the design level of the fish passing facilities is improved, the fish passing effect is improved, and the method has important significance for protecting the ecology of the river and promoting the sustainable development of water conservancy and hydropower.
At present, fish passing is performed by adopting a natural bypass-preventing fishway mode, and fish passing is performed by adopting a fishgate, a fish lift or a fish collecting and transporting system mode, but the fish passing method is adopted, so that the occupied area is large, the engineering cost is high, or the water consumption is high.
In addition, the fish passing facility also adopts a mode of combining multi-stage transportation and crane lifting, but the fish passing method and system have the advantages of complex engineering structure, long fish passing period, low efficiency, multiple sets of power and control devices, difficult construction, high manufacturing cost and high maintenance and operation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide a steering device, a fish passing system and a fish passing method which realize stable, safe and rapid fish transfer, have good fish passing effect, small occupied area and low engineering cost.
The technical scheme is as follows:
A steering apparatus, comprising: the base is used for being arranged on a dam crest or a dam abutment or a dam head; the bogie is rotatably arranged on the base and is respectively used for being in engagement with the first track and the second track; the winch is arranged on the bogie and is used for being in traction fit with the fish transporting hopper car; the first driving piece is arranged on the bogie, and the output end of the first driving piece is in driving fit with the bogie.
The principle and effect of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following schemes:
in one embodiment, the bogie is provided with a bearing part, the bearing parts are respectively used for being engaged and matched with the first rail and the second rail, the bearing parts are obliquely arranged relative to the horizontal plane, and one end, close to the edge of the bogie, of the bearing part is lower than one end, far away from the bogie, of the bearing part.
In one embodiment, the bottom of the bogie is provided with a pulley, which is in sliding engagement with the base.
In one embodiment, the winch comprises a second driving piece, a winch and a traction rope wound on the winch, the output end of the second driving piece is in driving fit with the winch, and the traction rope is used for being connected with the fish transporting hopper car.
A fish passing system comprising: the steering device according to any one of the above; the first rail is used for being paved on the downstream side of the dam, the second rail is used for being paved on the upstream side of the dam, one end of the first rail and one end of the second rail are respectively matched with the bogie in a joint manner, the other end of the first rail is used for extending into the downstream water, and the other end of the second rail is used for extending into the reservoir; the fish attracting device is positioned at the first track and is used for attracting fish at the first track; the fish transporting trolley is respectively matched with the first track and the second track in a moving way, and is used for collecting fish and transporting the fish, and the fish transporting trolley is matched with the winch in a traction way.
In one embodiment, the fish attracting device comprises a water conduit, an energy dissipation tank and a water pump for providing power for the water conduit, one end of the water conduit is used for being communicated with the downstream river, the other end of the water conduit is communicated with the energy dissipation tank, and the energy dissipation tank is used for being arranged on one side, close to the first rail, of the dam and flowing water into the downstream water along the length direction of the first rail.
In one embodiment, the fish attracting device further comprises a fish attracting chamber, the fish attracting chamber is covered on the first track, the fish attracting chamber is provided with a fish inlet and a fish transporting opening, and the fish transporting trolley is used for entering and exiting the fish attracting chamber through the fish transporting opening.
In one embodiment, the fish transporting hopper car comprises a fish collecting hopper and a moving structure, wherein the fish collecting hopper is rotatably arranged on the moving structure, and the moving structure is respectively matched with the first track and the second track in a moving way.
In one embodiment, the fish collecting hopper comprises a fish box and a fish collecting net surrounding the top of the fish box, and the fish box is rotatably arranged on the moving structure.
In one embodiment, the fish collecting hopper is provided with a balance weight.
A fish passing method comprising the steps of: attracting the fish at the first track by a fish attracting device;
After the fish is trapped at the first track, pulling a fish transporting trolley along the first track through a winch, collecting the gathered fish in the fish transporting trolley, and transporting the fish to a dam; when the fish transporting hopper car reaches the bogie, the first driving piece is started to drive the bogie to rotate, so that the fish transporting hopper car rotates to the second track to realize power steering; moving the fish transporting hopper car into a reservoir along the second track through the winch; when the fish transporting hopper car enters the reservoir to a certain depth, the fish is dispersed and released to the reservoir under the action of water pressure.
The steering device, the fish passing system and the fish passing method have at least the following advantages:
1) The water in the downstream river channel is lifted to the energy dissipation pool, so that the water in the river can be recycled, and precious water resources of the reservoir are saved; then water in the downstream river channel overflows into the fish attracting chamber through the energy dissipation tank, so that the hydraulic lift is low, a large-flow field can be realized on the premise of lower energy consumption, and the favorite flow rate of fish is created; the diversion flow can be conveniently controlled by adjusting the power of the water pump so as to realize the control of the flow velocity flow field of the fish penetrating chamber when the downstream river channel has different water levels;
2) The fish transporting trolley is provided with a fish collecting net and a fish catching grid, and the fish transporting trolley moves upwards and leaves the water area at the bottom of the fish attracting chamber, namely, the fish catching, the fish collecting and the fish transporting actions are completed simultaneously; in the process of transporting fish, the fish in the fish transporting trolley is not easy to jump over the fish collecting net to escape, so that the fish passing success rate is improved; the fish transporting hopper car can rotate on the moving structure and keep balance under the action of gravity, so that the fish transporting hopper car can adapt to the track with any slope ratio and is not prone to toppling out of water and fish in the car;
3) The whole set of fish transporting system and method can realize fish collection, fish transporting and dam feeding and fish transporting and storage by only one set of power system and steering device, and has the advantages of simple structure, reliable, quick, efficient, energy-saving and economical fish transporting, low manufacturing cost, simple operation and maintenance and low cost;
4) The system and the method adopt the rail to transport fish to pass through the dam and put in storage, the rail can be directly paved on the ground, or the bent frame can be arranged to be paved in the air, so that the system and the method have strong terrain adaptation capability and little occupied area, are beneficial to facilitating engineering site selection and construction layout, and greatly save engineering investment;
5) The travel of the fish transporting hopper car can be flexibly regulated and controlled through the length of the track and the length of the mooring rope, so that the system is suitable for a dam with any height, is also suitable for the change of any water level of a reservoir, is suitable for the change of any water level of a downstream river channel, and is low in investment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fish passing system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at circle B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 1 at circle C;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the fish passing system of FIG. 1 taken along the direction A-A;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 4 at circle D;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the fish-passing system of FIG. 4 taken along the direction E-E;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a matching structure of a fish transporting hopper car and a first track according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a fish passing system in a fish attracting stage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a fish passing system in a fish loading stage according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a fish passing system in an ascending stage of fish transportation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a fish passing system when a fish transporting hopper car moves to a bogie according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a system for passing fish during a steering phase according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a fish passing system in a downhill stage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a fish passing system in a fish unloading stage according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic flow chart of a fish passing method according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a fish passing method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
100. Steering device, 110, base, 111, rotation shaft, 120, bogie, 121, bearing, 122, bearing, 130, windlass, 131, second driving piece, 132, winch, 133, haulage rope, 134, second decelerator, 135, guide wheel, 140, first driving piece, 141, first decelerator, 150, pulley, 200, dam, 210, spillway, 220, reservoir, 221, high water level, 222, low water level, 230, power plant, 240, downstream water guide wall, 250, downstream river channel, 300, first track, 310, first stopper, 400, a second track, 410, a second blocking ridge, 500, a fish attracting device, 510, a water conduit, 520, an energy dissipating pond, 530, a water pump, 540, a first maintenance valve, 550, a second maintenance valve, 560, a pump house, 561, a step ladder, 570, a fish attracting chamber, 571, a fish inlet, 572, a fish transporting opening, 573, a sand basin, 600, a fish transporting hopper, 610, a fish collecting hopper, 611, a fish tank, 612, a fish collecting net, 620, a moving structure, 621, a frame, 622, a roller, 630, a fish catching grating, 640, a balance weight, 700, a track foundation bed, 710 and a track sleeper.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The terms "first" and "second" in this specification do not denote a particular quantity or order, but rather are used for distinguishing between similar or identical items.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1,2, 4 and 5, a steering apparatus 100 includes: base 110, bogie 120, hoist 130 and first driving element 140. The base 110 is configured to be installed on a dam top or a dam abutment or a dam head. The bogie 120 is rotatably mounted on the base 110, and the bogie 120 is respectively used for being engaged with the first track 300 and the second track 400. A hoist 130 is installed on the bogie 120, and the hoist 130 is used for traction engagement with the fish hopper car 600. The first driving member 140 is mounted on the bogie 120, and an output end of the first driving member 140 is in driving engagement with the bogie 120.
The steering device 100 moves the fish transporting hopper car 600 along the first rail 300 by the winch 130 and collects the fish in the fish transporting hopper car 600; after the fish is collected, the fish transporting trolley 600 is pulled to the bogie 120 from the first track 300 through the winch 130; then, the first driving member 140 is turned on, and the bogie 120 is driven to rotate on the base 110 by the first driving member 140, so that the fish transporting trolley 600 is rotated to the second track 400, and at this time, the winch 130 is driven by the bogie 120 to face the second track 400; after steering, the fish transporting trolley 600 is slid down along the second track 400 by the winch 130, so that the fish transporting trolley 600 enters the reservoir 220; when the fish transporting hopper car 600 slides down to a certain depth of the reservoir 220, the fish moves away from the fish transporting hopper car 600 under the action of a certain water pressure, so that the fish transfer is completed. Because the structure of the steering device 100 is compact in cooperation with the structure, the joint transition of the fish transporting trolley 600 in different structures is more stable, discomfort caused by severe vibration or shaking of fish in the joint process is avoided, and the survival rate of the fish in the transfer process is greatly improved. Meanwhile, in the steering process, the embodiment enables the fish transporting trolley 600 and the winch 130 to steer simultaneously through the bogie 120, so that the traction direction of a power source is skillfully changed, and the winch 130 can continue to traction the fish transporting trolley 600; and still effectively change the orientation of fortune fish hopper car 600 for fortune fish hopper car 600 adapts to the slope of second track 400 better, avoids fortune fish hopper car 600 to take place to topple because of the slope is different, so, through this turning device 100, makes the fish transfer process stable, safe, quick, is favorable to improving the fish effect. In addition, the steering device 100 adopts the bogie 120 structure, and the fish transporting hopper car 600 does not need to be lifted, so the steering device has the characteristics of simple structure, small occupied area, convenient construction, low engineering cost and the like.
Optionally, the first driving member 140 is a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder, an electric cylinder and a motor, and when the first driving member 140 is a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder or an electric cylinder, a crank-link mechanism is further arranged between the first driving member 140 and the bogie 120; when the first driving member 140 is a motor, the first driving member 140 can directly drive the bogie 120 to rotate, wherein in the embodiment, the first driving member 140 is further provided with a first speed reducer 141, and the power output of the first driving member 140 is stabilized by the first speed reducer 141.
Further, referring to fig. 4 and 5, the bogie 120 is provided with a carrying portion 121. The bearing portion 121 is respectively engaged with the first rail 300 and the second rail 400, the bearing portion 121 is disposed obliquely with respect to a horizontal plane, and one end of the bearing portion 121 near the edge of the bogie 120 is lower than one end of the bearing portion 121 far away from the edge of the bogie 120. As can be seen from this, when the fish transporting hopper car 600 is pulled onto the carrying portion 121, the carrying portion 121 is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane, so that the fish transporting hopper car 600 receives a back drag force generated by gravity on the carrying portion 121, and the back drag force and the traction force of the winch 130 form a pair of balance forces, so that the fish transporting hopper car 600 is more stable on the bogie 120; meanwhile, when the fish transporting trolley 600 rotates to the second track 400, the fish transporting trolley 600 can slide onto the second track 400 from the bogie 120 through the back drag force, so that the fish transporting trolley 600 is transferred more stably, and the fish passing effect is improved. In particular, in the present embodiment, the bearing portion 121 is of an annular structure on the bogie 120, that is, the bearing portion 121 is provided extending along the circumferential direction of the bogie 120.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 4 and 5, a pulley 150 is provided at the bottom of the bogie 120. Pulley 150 is a sliding fit with base 110. In this way, the bogie 120 can rotate on the base 110 more smoothly through the pulley 150. Of course, the bogie 120 may also be provided with a positioning sensor, so that the bogie 120 can accurately stay at a set position by the positioning sensor, and the fish hopper car 600 can accurately switch between the first rail 300, the bogie 120 and the second rail 400.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 5, the winch 130 includes a second driving member 131, a winch 132, and a hauling cable 133 wound around the winch 132. The output end of the second driving member 131 is in driving engagement with the capstan 132. The hauling rope 133 is used to connect with the fish hopper car 600. In this way, the fish hopper car 600 stably runs on the first rail 300 and the second rail 400 by the hauling rope 133. In this embodiment, the second driving member 131 is a motor, and the second driving member 131 is provided with a second reducer 134.
Further, referring to fig. 2 and 5, the bogie 120 is provided with a guide wheel 135, and one end of the hauling rope 133 bypasses the guide wheel 135 and is connected with the fish transporting hopper car 600, so that the hauling rope 133 is stably hauled by the guide wheel 135, so as to avoid shaking during operation, and be beneficial to improving the operation stability of the steering device 100.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 5, a rotating shaft 111 is provided on the base 110, a bearing 122 is provided on the bogie 120, and the bearing 122 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 111, so that the bogie 120 stably rotates on the base 110.
In one embodiment, please refer to fig. 1,2,3, 4 and 5, a fish passing system, comprising: the steering device 100 in any one of the above embodiments, the first rail 300, the second rail 400, the fish attracting device 500, the fish carrying hopper car 600. The first rail 300 is for laying on the downstream side of the dam 200. The second rail 400 is for laying on the upstream side of the dam 200. One end of the first rail 300 and one end of the second rail 400 are respectively engaged with the bogie 120, and the other end of the first rail 300 is used for extending into the downstream water, and the other end of the second rail 400 is used for extending into the reservoir 220. The fish attracting device 500 is located at the first rail 300, and the fish attracting device 500 is used for gathering fish. The fish transporting trolley 600 is movably matched with the first track 300 and the second track 400 respectively, the fish transporting trolley 600 is used for collecting fish and transporting the fish, and the fish transporting trolley 600 is in traction fit with the winch 130.
The above-mentioned fish passing system adopts the above-mentioned steering device 100, and the fish is gathered at the first track 300 by means of the fish-attracting device 500; moving the fish carrying hopper car 600 along the first rail 300 by the hoist 130 and collecting the fish in the fish carrying hopper car 600; after the fish is collected, the fish transporting trolley 600 is pulled to the bogie 120 from the first track 300 through the winch 130; then, the first driving member 140 is turned on, and the bogie 120 is driven to rotate on the base 110 by the first driving member 140, so that the fish transporting trolley 600 is rotated to the second track 400, and at this time, the winch 130 is driven by the bogie 120 to face the second track 400; after steering, the fish transporting trolley 600 is slid down along the second track 400 by the winch 130, so that the fish transporting trolley 600 enters the reservoir 220; when the fish transporting hopper car 600 slides down to a certain depth of the reservoir 220, the fish escapes from the fish transporting hopper car 600 under the action of a certain water pressure, so that the transfer of the fish is completed. Because the structure of this fish passing system is compact with the cooperation between the structure, consequently, the linking transition of fortune fish hopper car 600 in different structures is more steady, avoids the fish to arouse the discomfort because of violent vibrations or rocking in the linking process, so, has greatly improved the survival rate of fish in the transfer process. Meanwhile, in the steering process, the embodiment enables the fish transporting trolley 600 and the winch 130 to steer simultaneously through the bogie 120, so that the traction direction of a power source is skillfully changed, and the winch 130 can continue to traction the fish transporting trolley 600; and still effectively change the orientation of fortune fish hopper car 600 for fortune fish hopper car 600 adapts to the slope of second track 400 better, avoids fortune fish hopper car 600 to take place to topple because of the slope is different, so, through this turning device 100, makes the fish transfer process stable, safe, quick, is favorable to improving the fish effect. In addition, the fish passing system adopts the bogie 120 structure, and the fish transporting hopper car 600 does not need to be lifted, so that the fish passing system has the characteristics of simple structure, small occupied area, convenient construction, low engineering cost and the like.
It should be noted that, the downstream side of the dam 200 and the upstream side of the dam 200 are understood to be the sides where the dam intercepts the river and is divided into upstream and downstream, the downstream side of the dam 200 is the side where the downstream river 250 is located, and the upstream side of the dam 200 is the side where the reservoir 220 is located. Meanwhile, the downstream water area is understood as river water in the downstream river 250.
Optionally, the fish attracting device 500 may induce the fish with water flow, light, bait, or sound to achieve an aggregation effect.
Specifically, referring to fig. 4 and 6, the first track 300 is used to be laid on the downstream side of the dam 200, and the second track 400 is used to be laid on the upstream side of the dam 200 in the following specific ways: paving a track bed 700 on the side surface of the dam 200; next, the rail sleeper 710 is fixed on the rail bed 700; finally, the first rail 300 and the second rail 400 are laid on the rail sleeper 710, respectively. Of course, the first track 300 and the second track 400 can also be respectively erected in the air, so that the fish passing system of the embodiment has strong terrain adaptation capability and little occupied area, and greatly saves engineering investment.
Further, referring to fig. 3, the fish attracting device 500 includes a penstock 510, an energy dissipating reservoir 520, and a water pump 530 for powering the penstock 510. One end of the penstock 510 is configured to communicate with the downstream waterway 250, and the other end of the penstock 510 is configured to communicate with the energy dissipating reservoir 520. The energy dissipating tank 520 is used to be disposed on a side of the dam 200 near the first rail 300 and to flow water into the downstream water along the length direction of the first rail 300. It can be seen that when the water pump 530 is turned on and the water in the downstream channel 250 is transferred to the energy dissipating tank 520 through the water conduit 510, the water in the energy dissipating tank 520 overflows from the energy dissipating tank 520 to one side of the dam 200 and flows into the downstream water along the first rail 300, so that a certain water flow is formed at the end of the first rail 300 to achieve a stable fish gathering effect. Meanwhile, the energy dissipation tank 520 of the embodiment can also adjust the water flow speed to realize the preferred water flow speed of the fish, thereby achieving better fish attracting effect. In addition, the fish attracting device 500 of the present embodiment takes water from the downstream river 250 and discharges the water into the downstream river 250, so that the water resource can be recycled, and the waste of water can be avoided. The water of the downstream river 250 is lifted into the energy dissipation pool 520 through the water guide pipe 510, thereby realizing the reutilization of the river water and saving precious water resources of the reservoir; the water in the downstream river 250 overflows into the fish attracting chamber 570 through the energy dissipating tank 520, so that the hydraulic lift is low, a large-flow field can be realized on the premise of lower energy consumption, the favorite flow rate of fish is created, and the energy consumption is saved; the diversion flow can be conveniently controlled by adjusting the power of the water pump 530 so as to realize the control of the flow velocity and flow field of the fish penetrating chamber 570 when the downstream river 250 has different water levels.
In particular, in the present embodiment, the energy dissipating tank 520 is located directly under the first rail 300, so that it is ensured that the water overflowed in the energy dissipating tank 520 flows exactly in the direction of the first rail 300.
Further, referring to fig. 5, the fish attracting device 500 further includes a first service valve 540 and a second service valve 550. The first service valve 540, the second service valve 550 and the water pump 530 are all disposed on the water conduit 510, and the first service valve 540 and the second service valve 550 are respectively located at two opposite sides of the water pump 530. In this way, the first service valve 540 and the second service valve 550 facilitate the service personnel to perform the service operation on the water pump 530. In this embodiment, in order to facilitate management, manipulation and maintenance of the first service valve 540, the second service valve 550 and the water pump 530, the fish attracting device 500 further includes a pump house 560, and the first service valve 540, the second service valve 550 and the water pump 530 are all located in the pump house 560. Meanwhile, a step 561 is provided in the pump room 560 so that an maintainer can walk.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3 and 4, the fish attracting apparatus 500 further includes a fish attracting chamber 570. The fish attracting chamber 570 is covered on the first rail 300, and the fish attracting chamber 570 is provided with a fish inlet 571 and a fish transporting opening 572. Fish hopper car 600 is configured to access fish luring chamber 570 through fish port 572. It can be seen that when a certain flow rate of water is formed at the end of the first rail 300, fish enters the fish luring chamber 570 from the fish inlet 571 and gathers at the first rail 300; next, the gathered fish is loaded into the fish hopper car 600; finally, the fish is transported out of the fish transporting opening 572 by the fish transporting hopper car 600. It should be noted that the fish attracting chamber 570 is disposed on the first rail 300, and it should be understood that the first rail 300 extends into the bottom of the fish attracting chamber 570 through the fish transporting opening 572.
Further, referring to fig. 3 and 4, a sand basin 573 is disposed in the fish attracting chamber 570, and the sand basin 573 is located below the fish inlet 571. It is understood that when water in the energy dissipating tank 520 flows into the fish attracting chamber 570, accompanying impurities or silt also flow into the fish attracting chamber 570. Impurities and sediment entering the fish attracting chamber 570, wherein a part of the impurities and sediment flows out of the fish attracting chamber 570 from the fish inlet 571 along with water flow and enters a downstream river; the other part is sunk into the sand basin 573, so that impurities or sediment are effectively prevented from being deposited in the fish attracting chamber 570 to block the fish inlet 571 or stop the fish transporting hopper car 600, and the smoothness in the fish attracting chamber 570 is kept.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 5 and 7, a fish hopper car 600 includes a fish hopper 610 and a moving structure 620. The fish gathering bucket 610 is rotatably installed on the moving structure 620. The moving structure 620 is movably engaged with the first rail 300 and the second rail 400, respectively. In the process of loading fish, the fish transporting trolley 600 is located in the downstream water, and of course, the fish transporting trolley 600 of the embodiment is also located at the bottom of the fish attracting chamber 570; when the fish gathers at the first track 300, the winch 130 is started, the fish transporting trolley 600 is slowly pulled by the pulling rope 133, and at this time, the fish-catching grid 630 catches up the fish towards the first track 300; when the fish transporting hopper car 600 moves out of the river, the fish is concentrated in the fish collecting hopper 610; and then the fish transporting trolley 600 is pulled slowly through the traction rope 133, so that the fish transporting and dam-up operation is realized until the fish transporting trolley 600 moves onto the bogie 120. The fish collecting hopper 610 and the moving structure 620 of the embodiment are rotatably connected, so that the fish transporting hopper car 600 is adapted to the first rail 300, the bogie 120 and the second rail 400 with different gradients by changing the rotation angle of the fish collecting hopper 610 on the moving structure 620, thereby greatly improving the application range of the fish passing system and being beneficial to facilitating the engineering site selection and the construction layout; meanwhile, the moving stability of the fish transporting trolley 600 is guaranteed, a large number of fish death caused by overturning of the fish transporting trolley 600 is avoided, and the fish passing effect of the fish passing system is further improved.
Specifically, the moving structure 620 is connected to the gravity center of the fish gathering bucket 610, so that the fish gathering bucket 610 is more stable on the moving structure 620.
Further, referring to fig. 7, the fish collecting bucket 610 includes a fish tank 611 and a fish collecting net 612 surrounding the top of the fish tank 611, and the fish tank 611 is rotatably mounted on the moving structure 620. Therefore, in the process of loading fish, when the fish collecting hopper 610 moves out of the river surface, a part of water in the fish collecting hopper 610 can leak out from the fish collecting net 612 to reduce the water level in the fish collecting hopper 610, so that water and fish are both concentrated in the fish tank 611, the situation that the fish is damaged or dead due to the fact that the water level in the fish collecting hopper 610 is too high and the fish easily jumps out is avoided, and the high survival rate of the fish in the transferring process is greatly ensured.
Further, referring to fig. 7, a fish catching gate 630 is disposed on the fish collecting hopper 610, and the fish catching gate 630 is located on a side of the fish collecting hopper 610 away from the first rail 300. Therefore, in the process of loading the fish in the fish transporting hopper car 600, the fish catching gate 630 is exposed out of the water surface before the fish collecting hopper 610, so as to form a net wall for the fish swarm, and intensively catch the fish to the first track 300, thereby effectively preventing the fish swarm from escaping around due to the approach of the fish collecting hopper 610, and being beneficial to improving the fish loading effect of the fish transporting hopper car 600. In this embodiment, the fish-catching net 630 is disposed on the fish-catching net 612, and the fish-catching net 630 has a fence structure or a net structure.
In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 7, a balancing weight 640 is provided on the fish hopper 610. In this way, the balance weight 640 is used to adjust the balance of the fish collecting bucket 610 on the moving structure 620 at any time, so that the fish collecting bucket 610 is in a balanced state during the moving process, and the fish transferring process is smoother.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 7, the moving structure 620 includes a frame 621, and rollers 622 disposed on the frame 621, wherein the rollers 622 are respectively engaged with the first rail 300 and the second rail 400 in a rolling manner, and the fish collecting hopper 610 is rotatably mounted on the frame 621.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 4, a first blocking ridge 310 is disposed on an end of the first track 300, a second blocking ridge 410 is disposed on an end of the second track 400, and the first blocking ridge 310 and the second blocking ridge 410 are respectively in limit fit with the fish transporting hopper car 600, so that the fish transporting hopper car 600 is stably kept in the downstream river 250 and the reservoir 220 through the first blocking ridge 310 and the second blocking ridge 410.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, a spillway 210 is provided on a dam 200, and a power plant 230 and a power generation tail water channel are provided near the spillway 210. Meanwhile, the power station 230 is provided with a downstream water guide wall 240. One side of the dam 200 is a downstream river 250, the other side of the dam 200 is a reservoir 220, and the water level of the reservoir 220 is provided with a low water level 222 and a high water level 221.
In one embodiment, please refer to fig. 8-15, a fish passing method, comprising the steps of:
S10, attracting the fish at the first track 300 through the fish attracting device 500;
s20, after fish is trapped at the first track 300, pulling the fish transporting trolley 600 along the first track 300 through the winch 130, collecting the gathered fish in the fish transporting trolley 600, and transporting the fish to a dam;
s30, when the fish transporting trolley 600 reaches the bogie 120, the first driving piece 140 is started to drive the bogie 120 to rotate, so that the fish transporting trolley 600 rotates to the second track 400 to realize power steering;
S40, moving the fish transporting trolley 600 into the reservoir 220 along the second track 400 through the winch 130; when the fish transporting hopper car 600 enters the reservoir 220 to a certain depth, the fish is dispersed and released to the reservoir 220 under the action of water pressure.
In the above-mentioned fish passing method, fish are gathered at the first rail 300 by the fish attracting device 500; moving the fish carrying trolley 600 along the first rail 300 by the hoist 130 and loading the fish into the fish carrying trolley 600; after the fish is loaded, the fish transporting trolley 600 is pulled to the bogie 120 from the first track 300 by the winch 130; then, the first driving member 140 is turned on, and the bogie 120 is driven to rotate on the base 110 by the first driving member 140, so that the fish transporting trolley 600 is rotated to the second track 400, and at this time, the winch 130 is driven by the bogie 120 to face the second track 400; after steering, the fish transporting trolley 600 is slid down along the second track 400 by the winch 130, so that the fish transporting trolley 600 enters the reservoir 220; when the fish transporting hopper car 600 slides down to a certain depth of the reservoir 220, the fish receives a certain water pressure, and the fish is released from the fish transporting hopper car 600 by the water pressure, so that the transfer of the fish is completed. Because the fish passing method enables the fish transporting trolley 600 and the winch 130 to turn simultaneously through the bogie 120, the traction direction of a power source is skillfully changed, and the winch 130 can continue to traction the fish transporting trolley 600; and still effectively change the orientation of fortune fish hopper car 600 for fortune fish hopper car 600 adapts to the slope of second track 400 better, avoids fortune fish hopper car 600 to take place to topple because of the slope is different, so, through this fish method, makes the fish transfer process stable, safe, quick, is favorable to improving the fish effect of crossing.
Further, referring to fig. 16, the steps further include: after the fish is released, the fish transporting hopper car 600 is moved onto the bogie 120 along the second aisle through the hoist 130S 50; starting the first driving piece 140 to drive the bogie 120 to rotate, so that the fish hopper car 600 rotates to the position S60 of the first track 300; moving the fish carrying hopper car 600 to the fish attracting device 500 along the first rail 300 by the hoist 130S 70; it will be appreciated that when the fish is released into the reservoir 220, the winch 130 is activated to pull the fish hopper car 600 back up the slope along the second track 400 until it is on the bogie 120; the first driving piece 140 is started again, and the bogie 120 is driven to rotate on the base 110 through the first driving piece 140, so that the fish hopper car 600 is rotated to the first track 300; after the turning, the fish transporting hopper is transferred from the bogie 120 to the first rail 300 by the hoist 130, descends along the first rail 300, and moves to the fish attracting device 500, i.e., the bottom of the fish attracting chamber 570, for the next fish transporting operation. Thus, continuous and stable operation of fish passing operation is realized.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A steering apparatus, characterized by comprising:
the base is used for being arranged on a dam crest or a dam abutment or a dam head;
The bogie is rotatably arranged on the base and is respectively used for being in engagement with the first track and the second track;
the winch is arranged on the bogie and is used for being in traction fit with the fish transporting hopper car; and
The first driving piece is arranged on the bogie, and the output end of the first driving piece is in driving fit with the bogie.
2. The steering device according to claim 1, wherein the bogie is provided with a bearing portion, the bearing portion is respectively used for being engaged and matched with the first rail and the second rail, the bearing portion is obliquely arranged relative to a horizontal plane, and one end, close to the edge of the bogie, of the bearing portion is lower than one end, away from the bogie, of the bearing portion.
3. Steering device according to claim 2, characterized in that the bottom of the bogie is provided with a pulley, which is in sliding engagement with the base.
4. A steering device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hoist comprises a second driving member, a winch and a hauling rope wound on the winch, the output end of the second driving member is in driving fit with the winch, and the hauling rope is used for being connected with the fish hopper car.
5. A fish passing system, comprising:
the steering device according to any one of claims 1 to 4;
The first rail is used for being paved on the downstream side of the dam, the second rail is used for being paved on the upstream side of the dam, one end of the first rail and one end of the second rail are respectively in joint fit with the bogie, the other end of the first rail is used for extending into the downstream water, and the other end of the second rail is used for extending into the reservoir;
the fish attracting device is positioned at the first track and is used for attracting fish at the first track; and
The fish transporting trolley is respectively matched with the first track and the second track in a moving way, and is used for collecting fish and transporting the fish, and the fish transporting trolley is matched with the winch in a traction way.
6. A fish-passing system according to claim 5 wherein the fish-attracting means comprises a penstock, an energy-dissipating tank and a water pump for powering the penstock, one end of the penstock being adapted to communicate with the downstream waterway, the other end of the penstock being adapted to communicate with the energy-dissipating tank, the energy-dissipating tank being adapted to be disposed on a side of the dam adjacent the first rail and to flow water into the downstream water along a length of the first rail.
7. The fish passing system according to claim 5 wherein the fish attracting device further comprises a fish attracting chamber, the fish attracting chamber is covered on the first rail, the fish attracting chamber is provided with a fish inlet and a fish carrying port, and the fish carrying trolley is used for entering and exiting the fish attracting chamber through the fish carrying port.
8. The fish passing system of claim 5, wherein the fish transport hopper car comprises a fish collection hopper and a moving structure, the fish collection hopper is rotatably mounted on the moving structure, and the moving structure is movably matched with the first rail and the second rail respectively.
9. The fish passing system of claim 8, wherein the fish gathering bucket comprises a fish tank and a fish gathering net surrounding the top of the fish tank, the fish tank being rotatably mounted on the moving structure; or the fish collecting hopper is provided with a balance weight.
10. A fish passing method, characterized by comprising the steps of:
Attracting the fish at the first track by a fish attracting device;
after the fish is trapped at the first track, pulling a fish transporting trolley along the first track through a winch, collecting the gathered fish in the fish transporting trolley, and transporting the fish to a dam;
when the fish transporting hopper car reaches the bogie, the first driving piece is started to drive the bogie to rotate, so that the fish transporting hopper car rotates to the second track to realize power steering;
moving the fish transporting hopper car into a reservoir along the second track through the winch; when the fish transporting hopper car enters the reservoir to a certain depth, the fish is dispersed and released to the reservoir under the action of water pressure.
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| CN117431911B (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-02-27 | 四川弘信天启科技有限公司 | Fish collecting bucket capable of maintaining balance |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105421307B (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-02-22 | 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | Rail type fish passing structure applied to medium and high-water-head barrage hubs |
| CN210712779U (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2020-06-09 | 中水珠江规划勘测设计有限公司 | Steering device and fish passing system |
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| JP2587207B2 (en) * | 1994-12-16 | 1997-03-05 | 小川テント株式会社 | Dolly and transport device using it |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105421307B (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-02-22 | 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | Rail type fish passing structure applied to medium and high-water-head barrage hubs |
| CN210712779U (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2020-06-09 | 中水珠江规划勘测设计有限公司 | Steering device and fish passing system |
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