CN110270478A - 无滴热熔胶枪 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了一种无滴热熔胶枪,该热熔胶枪提供了熔化室,用于将熔化的胶供应到排出喷嘴。辅助室连接至所述熔化室,并且在终止排出胶时,熔化的胶从熔化室被抽入辅助室。从熔化室抽出的胶降低了胶从排出喷嘴滴落的可能性。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年3月14日提交的美国临时申请序列号62/642,759的优先权,其全部公开内容在此通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及热熔胶枪领域,并且特别涉及具有在胶分配终止之后减少胶从喷嘴滴落的机构的热熔胶枪。
背景技术
许多热熔胶枪的不良特征在于它们在胶枪预热以及正常使用期间从喷嘴开口泄漏。在典型构造的胶枪中,取决于型号和胶棒配方,用户在室温下将胶棒送入温度在250°F到400°F范围内的相对较短的熔化室中。
热塑性塑料的基本特性在于其体积膨胀是温度的函数——通常被称为热膨胀。大多数热塑性塑料的热膨胀系数是已知的。对于大多数基于EVA的配方,热膨胀率在100微英寸/英寸/华氏度的范围内,因此这转化为大约5%的体积膨胀。
当用户将胶棒送入熔化室时,熔化室的温度暂时下降,因为熔化室必须在相对短的时间段内将胶棒从大约75°F的温度加热到例如350°F。随着胶的温度升高,胶膨胀,并且胶进入熔化室的速度越快,其受热膨胀影响的程度就越大。这种体积膨胀是胶枪中泄漏的主要原因。
少量使用胶枪仅需要加热少量冷胶棒,在给定时间内导致相对少量的热膨胀。然而,当大量使用胶枪时,诸如当多个胶棒被快速连续地送入熔化室时,每个完整的胶棒都必须在短时间内加热,导致大量的胶在短时间内热膨胀。
对于直径约0.450"(英寸)的典型胶棒,能够计算出热膨胀理论上为大约0.15"的线性膨胀,0.15"的线性膨胀为可用于滴落或流涎的大约0.025立方英寸的胶。对于0.125"宽的胶珠,仅从热膨胀就能形成长度大约为2"英寸的、可用于流涎的胶珠。在实践中,当释放分配压力时,胶棒会自然缩回一点,这是由于胶棒上的压力被释放所致,必须施加这种压力以在分配期间打开在喷嘴中的球形止回阀。这种轻微的收缩降低了熔化室中的压力,并且在用户停止将胶棒送入熔化室之后的胶珠长度实际上通常为大约1英寸,因为满足了压力释放并且分配逐渐停止。
另外,许多胶枪经历了在预热时就已经在熔化室内存在的固态胶的热膨胀,导致不可避免地滴落。
发明内容
根据本发明,当胶的输送终止时,通过将熔化室快速减压来防止滴落。在优选实施例中,通过将一小部分熔化的胶抽出或虹吸到与熔化室流体连通的辅助室中来实现减压。熔化室和辅助室通过在两个室之间输送熔化的胶的小管连接。当液态的胶流入辅助室时,胶在整个熔化腔室中的压力(包括喷嘴上的压力)被快速释放以防止滴落。
在所示的优选实施例中,通过在辅助室内的活塞的移动,将熔化的胶从熔化室吸入到辅助室中。活塞能够大约为胶棒的直径。活塞在远离管的进口而朝向辅助室的方向上移动,以通过增加辅助室的尺寸并由此降低辅助室中的压力而将液态的胶从熔化室吸入辅助室。活塞在相反方向上的移动迫使熔化的胶从辅助室返回到熔化室中。辅助室优选地是圆柱形的、并且截面为圆形的空腔,但是能够采用其它形状。例如,截面不必是圆形的,并且腔室能够不是圆柱形的。空腔能够由诸如塑料或金属的固体材料形成,并且优选地由铸造金属形成。辅助室也能够形成在铸造金属主体的一部分中,该部分与形成熔化室的另一部分是一体的。
活塞能够为弹簧加载的,以使活塞在用户释放对胶推进机构中的扳机的拉动时在远离管的方向上移动。这将胶从主腔室吸入辅助室并释放主熔化室中的压力。通过胶推进机构激活了协作元件的组件(胶推进机构能够将活塞推向连接到熔化室的通道),因而当从熔化室分配胶时将辅助室中的这种额外体积的胶排空回到主熔化室中。当释放了被施加在扳机上的力时,弹簧将会再次向外推动活塞,将一定量的、熔化的胶从主腔室中抽出,以此释放主熔化室内的压力,或者可能在主熔化室内产生轻微真空。活塞的向外移动快速地将一些熔化的胶从主熔化室拉出,因而也将喷嘴内的胶移除,以防止滴落。
可能存在其它构造的辅助室。例如,活塞能够由柔性隔膜代替,柔性隔膜将胶吸入选定形状的腔室中。辅助腔室也能够包括两个部分,这两个部分具有互补的空腔,这两个空腔相对于彼此移动以形成可变体积的封闭空腔(例如,在第二管内滑动的第一管)。
附图说明
图1示出了胶枪的第一实施例的外壳的左侧,以竖直截面图示出了特定的内部元件。
图2示出了胶枪的第二实施例的外壳的左侧,以竖直截面图示出了特定的内部元件。
图3示出了胶枪的第三实施例的外壳的左侧,以竖直截面图示出了特定的内部元件。
具体实施方式
参考附图,提供类似功能的元件通常以相同附图标记识别。
图1示出本发明的第一实施例。热熔胶枪2包括具有胶棒推进机构6的主体部分4。胶棒推进机构包括扳机8,其接合以可枢转的方式安装的杆7,以将胶棒9(参见图3)推进到熔化室10内。
熔化室10被电加热元件11(参见图3)加热,并且熔化室10通常由铸造金属制成。套管12被设置在熔化室的进口处以密封熔化室内的熔化的胶,并在胶棒进入熔化室时引导胶棒。分配喷嘴14位于熔化室的出口处。这种喷嘴通常包括球形止回阀15(参见图3),球被弹簧17(参见图3)保持抵靠在阀座上,使得在止回阀将打开并允许熔化的胶被分配之前,胶必须处于特定压力下。
与熔化室10相邻的是辅助室16,其通过管状通道18连接到熔化室。位于辅助室16中的活塞20能够在辅助室中朝向和远离管状通道移动。当活塞20在远离管状通道18的方向上移动时,辅助室16和管状通道18中的压力将降低,并且熔化的胶将从熔化室流入到辅助室中。当活塞在朝向管状通道18的方向上移动时,辅助室16中的胶的压力升高,迫使辅助室中的胶穿过通道18并返回到熔化室10中。
优选地,辅助室是金属铸件的一部分,该金属铸件也形成熔化室10,并且辅助室由加热熔化室10的相同的电加热元件加热。因而,辅助室的温度足够高以在使用胶枪时在辅助室内保持胶的熔化状态,并且在启动过程中熔化该腔室中的任何冷胶。然而,辅助室能够以单独铸件形成,并且由加热熔化室的相同的加热器或单独的加热器加热。
当要分配胶时,用户挤压扳机8,将扳机8朝向胶枪的主体4拉动。扳机的背部上的立柱24与杆26的一侧接合,杆26在销28处以可旋转的方式安装到主体。杆26的另一侧与轴30接合,轴30又与活塞20的后部接合,迫使活塞前进。当活塞朝向通道18向前移动时,在辅助室中的胶被迫通过通道18返回到熔化室中,并成为被分配的胶的一部分。
然而,当用户在扳机8上的压力释放时,通过杆26施加到轴30的力被释放,这也使通过轴30施加在活塞上的力释放,并且允许弹簧22驱动活塞远离通道,因而从熔化室10抽出胶。
图2的实施例示出了替代的扳机机构。在该实施例中,扳机32被安装到主体4上以围绕销34旋转。扳机32被安装成使得用户能够接合扳机的下部36,并通过朝向胶枪的主体4拉动该部分来分配胶。扳机32的一侧包括凸台38,当使用者在扳机的部分36上拉动时,凸台38向上旋转。具有齿42的齿盘40被安装在扳机34附近。齿盘40具有凸台44,凸台44接合扳机上的凸台38。当扳机32朝向胶枪的主体运动时,两个凸台38和44接合以逆时针驱动齿盘40。凸轮46以可枢转的方式安装在主体上并具有与齿42接触的齿48,由此,齿盘40的逆时针旋转顺时针地驱动凸轮46。凸轮46的上部(未示出)接合轴50,轴50的相对端接合活塞20。当用户拉动扳机32时,轴50的、与活塞接触的端部将活塞朝向通道18推动,将辅助室中的任何胶返回熔化室。当用户释放扳机36上的压力时,弹簧22将活塞推离通道18,这使凸轮46和齿盘40返回到图2中所示的位置,并将胶从熔化室中抽出以释放熔化室中的压力,并且将胶从喷嘴排空以防止滴落。
图3示出了根据本发明的胶枪的另一实施例。图3的实施例与图1和图2的那些类似,但是图3另外示出了胶棒9和电加热元件11。图3也示出了在分配喷嘴14内部的、已知的弹簧控制球形止回阀15。弹簧17将球推到底座上,从而在防止胶流入喷嘴的闭合状态下偏压止回阀。
在图3的实施例中,操作可移动活塞20的机构设置有减压弹簧76,以在胶被充分熔化之前操作胶推进机构时防止该机构破裂,或者以其它方式防止活塞在辅助室16中自由移动。在该实施例中,扳机52在枢轴销54处以可枢转的方式附接到外壳4,并且扳机的上部56以可枢转的方式连接到胶推进机构6,由此,用户使扳机52朝向外壳的旋转将胶棒推进到熔化室10中以分配胶。活塞20的运动由活塞致动轴58控制,活塞致动轴58被定位于辅助室16附近。活塞致动轴正好位于熔化室下方,活塞致动轴的一端60被支撑在减压弹簧外壳66中,以进行朝向和远离活塞20的直线运动。活塞致动轴的相对端62被支撑在杆68的上部64上,杆68在销70处以可枢转的方式安装在外壳上。杆68的下部72被定位成接合扳机52的突起74。
当用户通过朝向外壳4拉动扳机52来开始胶的分配时,突起74使杆68的下端72在顺时针方向上移动,并且杆68的上端64接合活塞致动轴的端部62,以使轴朝着活塞20移动。减压弹簧76位于活塞致动轴的端部60和活塞20之间。致动轴在向右方向上的移动又使活塞20向右移动,以迫使熔化的胶从辅助室16流出。如果用户在辅助室中的胶被充分熔化之前拉动扳机52,或者存在障碍活塞自由运动的障碍物,则弹簧76将压缩以防止损坏胶枪机构的其它部分。
在图3中所示的实施例中,活塞致动轴的端部62是圆柱形的,并且杆68的上部64被成形为在分配胶期间提供活塞致动轴58的平滑运动。突起78在上端64的相对侧上延伸,以保持轴的端部62与杆的端部64对齐。弹簧76确保两端之间的连续接触。
当用户释放扳机52上的压力时,胶推进机构中的弹簧82将扳机52推向扳机52的初始位置,并且弹簧22将活塞20推向图3的左侧以将胶抽回到辅助室16中,以防止胶从分配喷嘴14滴落。
图3还示出了在活塞上O形环84,用于密封辅助室并防止胶越过活塞而泄漏。
在使用时,所公开的胶枪在用户拉动扳机时,通过将活塞朝向通道18推动而迫使胶流出辅助室16。这使辅助室中的胶返回至熔化室,从而与已经处于熔化室内的胶混合以分配。相反,当用户释放扳机上的压力时,弹簧22将活塞20推离通道18,因而从熔化室抽出胶,并且释放熔化室中的压力以减少滴落。
如上所述,胶在熔化期间经历大约5%的热体积膨胀。因而,在通过喷嘴排出熔化的胶期间,胶棒进入熔化室将固态的胶添加到熔化室中,胶随着其熔化而膨胀。在胶的排出终止时,被抽入辅助室的胶的体积完全或至少部分地排空喷嘴。甚至部分地排空喷嘴也能大大减少或者甚至消除胶从喷嘴滴落。抽出的体积也能够足够大到包括:通过胶棒在排出期间前进而添加到熔化室的未熔化的胶被加热而导致的胶膨胀。在实施例中,在排出期间,辅助室抽出的熔化胶的体积在被添加到熔化室的固体的胶的体积的25-35%的范围内。
使用如图3中所示的、在喷嘴中具有球形止回阀的上述辅助室提供有利优点。当用户在扳机上的压力被释放时,活塞20能够快速地从通道16的紧邻区域中的熔化室中抽出胶,这也将胶从喷嘴拉回。胶中的这种压力降低允许球形止回阀快速关闭,导致快速切断胶的排出。这与现有技术的胶枪形成对比,其中止回阀随着熔化室中的压力释放而缓慢关闭,导致滴落和拉丝。另外,从本发明的胶枪中的喷嘴中抽出胶将使胶从喷嘴顶端被拉走,在熔化的胶中引起湍流。这种湍流进一步减少或消除了胶的拉丝以及滴落。
虽然辅助室已经被示出为基本上平行于熔化室延伸,但是辅助室能够在其它方向上被定向。例如,辅助室能够被定向成使得活塞横向于熔化室的纵向轴线移动。同样地,辅助室能够延伸到熔化室中也在本发明的范围内。替代地,活塞能够被单独地布置成移入和移出熔化室,以在分配期间将熔化的胶抽回到活塞占用的空间中。
应明白的是,在所公开的实施例中,活塞的运动与胶棒推进机构的操作相协调。在所公开的实施例中,通过这种操作机械地控制活塞的运动,但是在本公开的范围内提供其它控制方法,例如电子、气动或流体控制方法。
本领域技术人员应明白所附权利要求范围内的多种改型。
Claims (8)
1.一种热熔胶枪(2),所述热熔胶枪(2)具有用于将胶推进到熔化室(10)中的胶棒推进机构(6),其特征在于:辅助室(16)被定位成接收来自所述熔化室(10)的熔化的胶,通道(18)将所述熔化室(10)连接至所述辅助室(16),并且与扳机协作的组件在胶的分配终止时将熔化的胶从所述熔化室抽入所述辅助室,并且在胶的分配开始时将胶从所述辅助室返回。
2.一种热熔胶枪(2),包括:主体(4);熔化室(10),所述熔化室(10)安装在所述主体(4)中以加热胶组分;排出喷嘴(14),所述排出喷嘴(14)连接至所述熔化室(10)以从所述熔化室(10)接收胶并排出胶;以及胶棒推进机构(6),所述胶棒推进机构(6)选择性地将胶供应到所述熔化室(10)并且使所述熔化室内的胶通过所述排出喷嘴(14)排出,其特征在于:辅助室(16)与所述熔化室(10)流体连通,虹吸机构(20)在通过所述胶棒推进机构(6)向所述熔化室(10)供应胶终止时将胶从所述熔化室抽入所述辅助室中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的热熔胶枪,其中,在所述胶棒推进机构(6)使胶排出时,所述虹吸机构(20)将所述辅助室(16)内的胶返回至所述熔化室(10)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的热熔胶枪,其中,所述虹吸机构包括能够在所述辅助室(16)内移动的活塞(20),以选择性地改变所述辅助室的体积。
5.根据权利要求4所述的热熔胶枪,其中,所述虹吸机构(20)与轴(30、50、58)协作,使所述活塞移动以推动来自所述辅助室的胶。
6.根据权利要求5所述的热熔胶枪,其中,所述轴(30、50、58)与所述扳机(8、36、52)的运动相协作地移动。
7.根据权利要求6所述的热熔胶枪,其中,所述扳机(52)接合以可枢转的方式被安装到所述主体的杆(68),并且所述杆接合所述轴(58)从而移动所述轴。
8.根据权利要求2所述的热熔胶枪,其特征在于:止回阀(15)被定位于所述熔化室(10)和所述排出喷嘴(14)之间,所述止回阀(15)朝向防止胶从所述熔化室流动到所述排出喷嘴的闭合状态被偏压,并且在所述熔化室内的压力超过预定量时,所述止回阀被置放在使胶从所述熔化室流到所述喷嘴的开启状态,并且通道(18)在所述辅助室和所述熔化室之间流体连通以引导胶的流动。
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