CN110268926A - Improve the summer corn implantation methods that mechanical grain receives quality - Google Patents
Improve the summer corn implantation methods that mechanical grain receives quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN110268926A CN110268926A CN201810202678.6A CN201810202678A CN110268926A CN 110268926 A CN110268926 A CN 110268926A CN 201810202678 A CN201810202678 A CN 201810202678A CN 110268926 A CN110268926 A CN 110268926A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of summer corn implantation methods for improving mechanical grain and receiving quality, it is intended to solve the long-standing summer corn machinery grain of the Yellow River and Huai He River sea region and receive ropy technical problem.This method mainly comprises the steps that cover-head water is poured after corn seeding after it is primary in seedling stage, each top dressing of big bell mouth stage, wherein, seedling stage imposes 45~55kg/ of compound fertilizer mus, big bell mouth stage imposes 15~20kg/ mus of urea, then sprays ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid or glyphosate on the plant of grouting middle and later periods.Water altogether five times in the entire growth course of corn in the present invention, other than after planting pouring cover-head water, in seedling stage, the jointing stage, spinning the phase and the pustulation period respectively water once, it is other manage it is identical as general crop field.Present invention process is simple, easy to operate, can quickly reduce the moisture content of harvest time corn kernel, reduces seed damage rate and percentage of admixture that corn field of summer room machine grain is received, significantly improves the quality of corn machinery grain receipts.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods technical fields, and in particular to a kind of summer corn kind for improving mechanical grain and receiving quality
Plant method.
Background technique
Corn field machinery grain receipts are the directions of maize production development, are the bottles that China realizes maize production entire mechanization
Neck.The western developed countries such as the U.S. have promoted and applied mechanical grain receipts technology after the 20 practical seventies.Corn field machinery grain is received
Quality index mainly include seed damage rate, percentage of admixture etc..Research including inventor etc. all shows corn kernel moisture content
Grain harvest quality is significantly affected, and as moisture content is higher, the percentage of damage of seed is bigger；So grain water content when harvest
It is the key factor for influencing summer corn machinery grain and receiving quality.Harvest corn is the important link of maize production, need to put into the amount of labour
Account for about the 55% of the entire corn planting investment amount of labour, and field machinery grain receive can be received per acre than mechanical fringe save the cost 100~
150 yuan, than 300 yuan of hand harvest save the cost.Therefore, corn machinery grain receives technology for reducing maize production cost, improves
Industrial competitiveness all has a very important significance.
But in many wheat/corn continuous cropping areas (such as the Yellow River and Huai He River sea region wheat/corn bi-annual planting), corn is raw
Long to be influenced by sunlight-heat reaources, planting system, breediness, harvest habit, in harvest corn, its grain water content is mostly
25% or more, and some kinds are even more than 30%.Obviously, moisture content height directly affects mechanical grain and receives quality and grain receipts technology
It promotes and applies, while directly affecting the quality of corn, drying or sunning cost after also will increase harvest.Therefore, the application is sent out
Bright people thinks, reduces corn kernel moisture content in field and mechanical grain receipts are had a very important significance.
It is mainly short by selection breeding time in production at present, it is dehydrated doing for fast kind or control date of seeding and delay harvest
Grain water content when method reduces harvest.But limited by sunlight-heat reaources and kind breeding time, effect is limited in a short time, much
Area (such as Huang-Huai-Hai) is still difficult to fully meet the needs of field machinery grain receipts, causes corn machinery grain to receive quality and pays no attention to
Think.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of summer corn implantation methods for improving mechanical grain and receiving quality, it is intended to effective solution field corn
Grain water content high problem when harvest, this method can promote the popularization and application of mechanical grain receipts technology, reduce maize production cost,
Improve maize production efficiency.
Inventor has found in long-term development test, is in due course and sprays suitable chemical reagent to plant
(such as glyphosate, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid) can adjust the growth course of summer corn, to reduce the moisture content of harvest time corn kernel, improve
The consistency of corn maturation, and then improve corn machinery grain and receive quality, long-term existence can be efficiently solved in the Yellow River and Huai He River sea region
Summer corn grain receive this technical problem of poor quality.
For this purpose, inventor's creativeness proposes following technical scheme:
A kind of summer corn implantation methods for improving mechanical grain and receiving quality, after mainly including the following steps: in corn kernel grouting
Phase sprays the ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid that mass percent concentration is 0.3~0.8% or glyphosate on maize leaf, and foliage-spray amount is 55~
65kg/666.7m2。
Glyphosate is used usually as a kind of herbicide, highly effective to prennical root weeds, be widely used in rubber, mulberry,
Tea, orchard and sugarcane field, and noresidue act on long-term cropping nonhazardous.The present invention breaks routine, by ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, glyphosate
Applied in adjustment summer corn Grain Ripening degree, quality is received to improve niblet；And gropes and test on a large scale long-term
And during compliance test result test, in the concentration and dosage to safe range of chemical reagent used in adjusting and optimizing, it is ensured that examination used
Agent noresidue will not be transmitted and be accumulated by food chain.
The mass percent concentration of the ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid or glyphosate can be more preferably 0.5%.
The ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid or glyphosate can be more preferably 60 kg/666.7m in foliage-spray amount2。
In the present invention, the water opportunity and irrigation in overall planning summer corn entire breeding time can also further be passed through
Number pours cover-head water after corn seeding, seedling stage, jointing, spinning, pustulation period respectively water once, reasonable coordination moisture, to promote
Summer corn is set quickly to improve maturity, reduce moisture content of kernels, to be adapted to machine receipts.
In the present invention, summer corn fast-growth, later period fast-ripenin can also further be promoted by measures of fertilizer,
For example 45~55kg/666.7m of compound fertilizer is imposed in Maize at Seedling Stage2, wherein by quality ratio, N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15,
The applicating ratio of P in top dressing, K element are significantly improved, the rapid conversion of nutritional ingredient is promoted, accelerates plant Later growth
Maturation, with reduce it is mature after corn kernel water content, while promoting the formation of corn yield and quality, to guarantee high-quality height
It produces；And 15~20kg/666.7m of urea is imposed in big bell mouth stage2, can improve corn growth later period dry matter accumulation and
Trophic level, to promote the promotion of filling rate.
Since grain water content height leads to seed damage rate height, so that the grain for influencing China's corn receives quality；And kind contains
Water rate height is the Dominated Factors for leading to seed damage.Therefore, present invention is alternatively directed to China Huanghuaihai Summer Maize Region, further lead to
Preferably suitable kind (such as Henan single 606, big section 702) is crossed to meet the demand that raising machine receives quality.
Preferably, the grain water content in harvest of the summer corn is after spraying 13~16d of ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid or glyphosate, when guaranteeing harvest
Corn kernel moisture content is low, and the grain for improving summer corn receives quality.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial technical effect of the present invention lies in:
1. the present invention is quickly and effectively reduced by spraying chemicals (ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid or glyphosate) in the corn grouting middle and later periods
Harvest time corn kernel moisture content improves the uniformity of corn maturation, not only increases mechanical grain and receives quality, greatly reduces
The production cost of corn improves productivity effect, also receives Rapid Popularization application of the technology in production for mechanical grain and provides reason
By support and practical basis, Huang-Huai-Hai field corn can be overcome long-standing because moisture content height can not mechanization seed
The technical problem that grain is directly received.
2. further, the present invention also further can rationally plan as a whole water opportunity and irrigation times during corn growth,
Fertilising opportunity, fertilization type dose, the suitable varieties of plant of screening, pass through the association of abovementioned technology and application chemicals
Same-action can make the corn kernel to come to the ripening period dehydration fast, and quickly reduce corn kernel water content when harvesting, and further mention
The quality that high machinery grain is received.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate a specific embodiment of the invention below with reference to embodiment, but following embodiment is used only to be described in detail
The present invention does not limit the scope of the invention in any way.Related test method or cultivation side in the examples below
Method is conventional method unless otherwise instructed；Related raw material is commercially available conventional raw material unless otherwise instructed.
1 the present embodiment of embodiment in June, 2016 to September, Agricultural University Of He'nan, scientific and educational park, Zhengzhou (34 ° of 44N,
113 ° of 37 ' E) it carries out.Experimental field preceding stubble is winter wheat, and preceding stubble soil is light loam, experimental field 0~20cm soil organic matter content
For 7.74 gkg-1, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 30.77mgkg-1, available phosphorus contents 11.84mgkg-1, quick-acting potassium content 95.24
mgkg-1。
For the present invention on the basis of long-term research and a large amount of verification experimental verification, discovery sprays ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid can be quickly and effectively
The moisture content of harvest time corn kernel is reduced, the quality that field corn machinery grain is received is improved, specific steps are as follows:
Two pieces of comparable trial zones of soil nutrient are allocated out of above-mentioned scientific and educational park, each 1 mu, are considered as the area A, the area B.A, in twoth area B
Other than the corn variety of plantation is different, remaining setting is identical.The area A varieties of plant is big section 702, the area B varieties of plant
For Henan single 606, remaining operating method are as follows:
After planting pour cover-head water, it is long to seedling stage when rewater primary, and impose compound fertilizer according to 50kg/ mus, wherein N, P2O5、K2O
Mass ratio be 15:15:15；Big bell mouth stage carries out second of top dressing, imposes urea with 17kg/ mus；In corn kernel grouting
Later period uniformly sprays the ethylene that mass percent concentration is 0.5% and is conducive to maize leaf, and the amount of spraying is 60kg/666.7m2, and remember
Record sprays the time of ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid.
In above-mentioned planting process, except jointing stage, spinning phase, pustulation period respectively water one secondly, remaining management method, corn
Planting density is all tantamount to conventional production field.
After spraying ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, the corn in the area A is equally divided into three parts, first part carries out machine after spraying ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 5d
Tool grain is received, and second part carries out mechanical grain after spraying ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 10d and receives, Part III mechanical grain after spraying ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 15d
It receives.In each grain time receiving, the seed samples harvested in cropper cabin are taken at random, 2 kg are measured with PM8188 moisture teller
Grain water content, then hand-sorted is classified as entire kernel, damaged seed, impurity three parts, weighs respectively, is denoted as KW1
、KW2, NKW, and its percentage of admixture, seed damage rate is calculated as follows,
Percentage of admixture (%)=[NKW/(KW1+ KW2+ NKW)] × 100
Seed damage rate (%)=[KW2/ (KW1+ KW2)] × 100；
The area B is seen using the moisture content, percentage of admixture and seed damage rate, concrete outcome of method identical with the area A measurement harvest seed
Table 1.
The essentially identical 2 mu of fields of soil nutrient as a control group I are selected in this scientific and educational park, which is divided into
The area E, the area F, wherein the area E, the corn planted in the area F spray the water with ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid equivalent, remaining all corresponds respectively to the area A, the area B
Setting.And according to said determination method, moisture content, percentage of admixture and the seed for measuring corn kernel after control group machinery grain is received are broken
Broken rate, is shown in Table 1.
。
As it can be seen from table 1 in embodiment 1, the 15d after ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid is handled, the corn kernel moisture content of two kinds
Amplitude of variation be above control group I, the corn kernel moisture content of two kinds is below control group I, and is less than 25%, symbol
Close the requirement of mechanical grain harvest national standard.Seed damage rate is significantly lower than control group I, the percentage of admixture phase in mechanical grain time receiving
For control group I there is and its significant difference.
2 the present embodiment of embodiment is tested in June, 2016 to September in Xinxiang City, Henan Province Yuanyang County Agricultural University Of He'nan
It is carried out in summer corn growing area in farm.The selection comparable test field of two pieces of soil property nutrition in the trial zone, each 1 mu,
It is considered as the area C, the area D, big section 702 is planted in the area C, and Henan single 606 is planted in the area D, in addition to the corn variety difference of plantation in twoth area C, D
Outside, remaining setting is identical, specifically:
After planting pour cover-head water, it is long to seedling stage when rewater primary, and impose compound fertilizer according to 50kg/ mus, wherein N, P2O5、K2O
Mass ratio be 15:15:15；Big bell mouth stage imposes urea with 17kg/ mus；Be in the milk the middle and later periods when manually or fog machine is equal
Even to spray the glyphosate that mass percent concentration is 0.5% on maize leaf, the amount of spraying is 60kg/666.7m2, and record spray
Apply the time of glyphosate.
In above-mentioned planting process, except jointing stage, spinning phase, pustulation period respectively water one secondly, remaining management method, corn
Planting density is all tantamount to conventional production field.
Twoth area C, D is all made of moisture content, percentage of admixture and the seed of the measurement harvest seed of the method in embodiment 1 in the present embodiment
Grain percentage of damage, concrete outcome are shown in Table 2.
Comparative test 2
The identical 2 mu of fields of soil nutrient as a control group II are selected in this growing area, which is divided into the area O, the area P,
Wherein the area O, the corn planted in the area P spray the water with glyphosate equivalent, remaining all corresponds respectively to the setting in the area C, the area D.
And according to said determination method, moisture content, percentage of admixture and the seed damage rate of corn kernel after control group machinery grain is received are measured, is seen
Table 2.
。
From Table 2, it can be seen that 5d, 10d, the 15d of 2 kinds after spraying glyphosate, not only corn kernel is aqueous
Rate, percentage of admixture, seed damage rate are all significantly lower than control group, and handle moisture content, percentage of admixture, seed damage rate after 15d
Amplitude of variation be above control group.In addition, the embodiment of the present invention 2 is after glyphosate handles 15d, the moisture content of 2 kinds is equal
Lower than 25%, it is lower than national standard, meets mechanical grain harvest requirement.
The present invention is described in detail above in conjunction with specific embodiment, still, person of ordinary skill in the field
It is understood that without departing from the purpose of the present invention, can also become to each design parameter in above-described embodiment
More, multiple specific embodiments are formed, is common variation range of the invention, is no longer described in detail one by one herein.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of summer corn implantation methods for improving mechanical grain and receiving quality, which is characterized in that in corn kernel grouting middle and later periods spray
Applying mass percent concentration is 0.3~0.8% ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid or glyphosate on maize leaf, and foliage-spray amount is 55~65kg/
666.7m2。
2. the summer corn implantation methods according to claim 1 for improving mechanical grain and receiving quality, which is characterized in that the ethylene
The mass percent concentration of benefit or glyphosate is 0.5%.
3. the summer corn implantation methods according to claim 1 for improving mechanical grain and receiving quality, which is characterized in that the blade face
The amount of spraying is 60 kg/666.7m2。
4. the summer corn implantation methods according to claim 1 for improving mechanical grain and receiving quality, which is characterized in that corn seeding
After pour cover-head water, seedling stage, jointing, spinning, pustulation period respectively water once.
5. the summer corn implantation methods according to claim 1 for improving mechanical grain and receiving quality, which is characterized in that Maize at Seedling Stage
Impose 45~55kg/666.7m of compound fertilizer2, wherein by quality ratio, N:P in compound fertilizer2O5:K2O=15:15:15；Typhon
The mouth phase imposes 15~20kg/666.7m of urea2。
6. the summer corn implantation methods according to claim 1 for improving mechanical grain and receiving quality, which is characterized in that selected corn
Kind is Henan Dan606Huo Wei section 702.
7. the summer corn implantation methods according to claim 1 for improving mechanical grain and receiving quality, which is characterized in that the summer is beautiful
The phase in grain time receiving of rice is to spray 13~16d after ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid or glyphosate.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112154876A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-01 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Canopy regulating and controlling method for improving mechanical corn grain harvesting quality and grain commodity quality |
| CN117652360A (en) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-03-08 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Production method of low-moisture corn by combining chemical control dehydration with delayed late harvest |
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| CN112154876A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-01 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Canopy regulating and controlling method for improving mechanical corn grain harvesting quality and grain commodity quality |
| CN117652360A (en) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-03-08 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Production method of low-moisture corn by combining chemical control dehydration with delayed late harvest |
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