CN1102669C - Grinding ball of martensite/bainite compounded cast iron and its production technology - Google Patents
Grinding ball of martensite/bainite compounded cast iron and its production technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN1102669C CN1102669C CN99100293A CN99100293A CN1102669C CN 1102669 C CN1102669 C CN 1102669C CN 99100293 A CN99100293 A CN 99100293A CN 99100293 A CN99100293 A CN 99100293A CN 1102669 C CN1102669 C CN 1102669C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a composite cast iron grinding ball for grinding ore in mines in metallurgy. The surface layer of the composite cast iron grinding ball is made from white cast iron with favorable abrasion resistance, and therefore, can effectively resist the abrasion of the ore; the core of the composite cast iron grinding ball is made from nodular cast iron having needle-like structures, which has favorable toughness, and therefore, can prevent the ball from being broken. The composite cast iron grinding ball is produced by the techniques of casting, residual heat quenching, etc. by using a metal mold forced-cooling method or a water-cooling metal mold forced-cooling method by the smelting of a furnace cupola or an induction furnace through the reasonable composition design. The composite cast iron grinding ball of the present invention has the advantages of high abrasion resistance, low abrasion loss, low breaking rate and no circularity loss. When used for producing the composite cast iron grinding ball, the production method of the present invention has the characteristics of high production efficiency, high yield, working hour saving, energy saving, low production cost, etc.
Description
The present invention relates to the material and the manufacturing process of ball mill cast-iron grinding ball.
Abrading-ball is the easy mill spare of the milling equipment of industrial sectors application such as metallurgical mine, cement, thermal power generation.The abrading-ball quantity that the metallurgical mine ore dressing is consumed every year accounts for the over half of abrading-ball total amount that several consumption ball industries consume, ten thousand tons of the about 40-60 of abrading-ball that the big small mines in the whole nation is consumed every year, hundred million yuan of value 10-20.The cast-iron grinding ball of China's Metallurgical Mines application at present can be divided into two big classes, one class is a white cast-iron grinding ball, the carbide that contains a large amount of high rigidity in its microtexture, the microhardness HV of carbide is 1100-1700, the ordinary white cast iron abrading-ball is because its poor toughness, superseded substantially at metallurgical mine, main application is low-alloy white cast-iron grinding ball and high-chromium white cast iron abrading-ball at present, but high-chromium white cast iron abrading-ball alloy content height, the cost height is used in iron ore and is subjected to certain restriction, and low-alloy white cast-iron grinding ball is because impelling strength is lower, for producing large diameter abrading-ball, be prone to serious broken ball phenomenon and influence grinding efficiency.Another kind of is ductile iron grinding ball, manganese nodular cast iron grinding ball, austempered ductile iron abrading-ball, bainite ductile iron abrading-ball in mainly containing.In the production technique of manganese nodular cast iron grinding ball simple, use in the whole nation in the 1970s and 1980s very wide, but because of the fluctuation of nodularization rate, the quantity of carbide is wayward in the tissue, and the influence of residual austenite, causes the percentage of damage height, wear away higherly, now replaced by other abrading-balls substantially.The austempered ductile iron abrading-ball, the bainite ductile iron abrading-ball all belongs to (martensite or the bainite) nodular cast iron grinding ball that has acicular structure, from the microtexture analysis, its main wear is organized as acicular structure, and the microhardness of acicular structure is HV600-900, be starkly lower than the microhardness of carbide in the white cast iron, hardness than general ore is low, therefore its resistance to abrasion is lower than white cast iron, though this nodular cast iron grinding ball application under the wet-milling condition with acicular structure obtains good result of use, the toughness height, percentage of damage is low, but its wear resistance is lower than white cast-iron grinding ball, and adopts sand mold casting mostly at present, all needs the reheat quench treatment, production efficiency is low, and energy consumption is big.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of compounded cast iron abrading-ball and production method, adopt low-alloy cast iron, the molten iron of cupola furnace or induction furnace melting, pour in metal mold or the water-cooled metal mould through after nodularization and the inoculation, it is that to be magnesium iron and intermediate layer be the primary solidification structures of fiber crops mouthful for spoken parts in traditional operas, heart portion that the chilling action by metal mold obtains the top layer.
Compounded cast iron abrading-ball of the present invention is made up of the spheroidal graphite cast iron of white cast iron and acicular structure, and its surface is a white cast iron, and heart portion is the spheroidal graphite cast iron with acicular structure.Upper layer is that the thickness of white cast iron is 5-20mm, be organized as martensite+bainite+alloyed cementite, have high rigidity and good wear resistance, can resist the wearing and tearing of ore effectively: heart portion spheroidal graphite cast iron layer be organized as martensite+bainite+globular graphite, has higher impelling strength, can prevent broken ball effectively: have one numb mouthful transition layer at upper layer and heart portion, thickness is 2-5mm, and it organizes martensite+bainite+alloyed cementite+globular graphite.The metallic matrix of this compounded cast iron is organized as martensite and bainite mixed structure, therefore claims that the abrading-ball of this invention is martensite/bainite compounded cast iron abrading-ball.
This compounded cast iron abrading-ball is the method acquisition by Quench, when cast iron solidified, increase its speed of cooling and obtain certain thickness chill, should strictly control the thickness of white cast iron layer aborning, can determine the thickness of the white cast iron layer of needs control according to the size of producing abrading-ball, be generally the 1/6-1/10 of ball radius.The thickness of controlling the white cast iron layer reaches design requirements, and obtains martensite/bainite metallic matrix, just must suitably select its chemical ingredients and adopt suitable production technique.
The chemical ingredients that the present invention produces this compounded cast iron is (by mass percentage):
C：3.4-3.8％； Si：2.4-3.4％；
Mn：2.0-3.5％； Cr：0.1-0.5％；
Cu：0.2-0.8％； B：0.003-0.03％；
P＜0.08％； S＜0.05％
Carbon and silicon are elements the most basic in the cast iron, and they play conclusive effect to the performance of cast iron.The selected principle and the pearlite ductile iron of carbon, silicon are close, require the upper limit carbon floatage not occur, and blocked up white cast iron layer can not appear in lower limit.The thickness that carbon content increases the white cast iron layer reduces, and stabilization of austenite increases, but carbon floatage can appear in too high carbon, so carbon content generally is controlled in the scope of 3.4-3.8%.
Silicon reduces the thickness of white cast iron layer, improves the temperature of eutectoid transformation, the scope of widening eutectoid transformation, the incubation period of shortening perlite and bainite.The solubleness of silicon energy carbon in austenite, thus austenitic stability reduced.General silicone content is 2.4-3.4%.
Manganese can increase the thickness of white cast iron layer, enlarges the austenitic area, reduces the decomposition rate of supercooled austenite, suppresses perlitic transformation, improves austenitic stability, significantly improves hardening capacity, and C curve is moved to right.And the price of manganese is lower, and therefore as main alloying element, content is 2.0-3.5%.
Chromium is carbide-forming element, increase the thickness of white cast iron layer consumingly, in the white cast iron layer, form alloyed cementite, improve the hardness of carbide, be solidly soluted into the hardening capacity that can improve alloy behind the metallic matrix, be mainly used in the thickness of regulating the white cast iron layer and the hardness that increases chill in the present invention, its content is 0.1-0.5%.
Copper is graphite element in primary crystallization, reduces the thickness of white cast iron layer, hinders greying in eutectoid transformation, and can improve the hardening capacity of alloy, and general add-on is Cu:0.2-0.8%.
Boron is the intensive carbide-forming element, increases the thickness of white cast iron layer significantly, and the boron of trace is solidly soluted into the hardening capacity that can improve alloy in the metallic matrix significantly, and add-on is 0.003-0.03%.
The present invention makes the molten iron of nodularization generate certain thickness Quench white cast iron layer in one time of crystallization, and obtain martensite/bainite metallic matrix under follow-up immediate quenching condition by adjusting the content of these alloys.The abrading-ball upper layer is a white cast iron, and gauge control is at 5-20mm, and upper layer is organized as martensite, bainite, alloyed cementite; Heart portion is a spheroidal graphite cast iron, and the matrix of spheroidal graphite cast iron is the acicular structure that martensite and bainite are formed after the thermal treatment; Upper layer and heart portion at abrading-ball are the transition layer of fiber crops mouth, and thickness is 2-5mm, and fiber crops are made a slip of the tongue and cross layer tissue martensite, bainite, alloyed cementite, globular graphite.
The production method of compounded cast iron abrading-ball of the present invention is: adopt cupola melting, or induction furnace melting, after coming out of the stove, molten iron in the nodularization bag, carries out spheroidizing and an inoculation, carrying out late inoculation in the cast parcel handles, pour into metal mold or water-cooled metal mould is cast through the molten iron of nodularization and inoculation, also can adopt gravity-diecasting machine to cast, the abrading-ball of cast form, the certain temperature of cooling in casting mold, air cooling after the demoulding, utilize waste heat to carry out quench treatment, carry out low-temperaturetempering at last and handle.Its technological process of production such as accompanying drawing: 1 melting
Can adopt cupola furnace or induction furnace melting, its melting technology is similar to general spheroidal graphite cast iron.As adopt cupola melting, should be supporting with gravity-diecasting machine; The induction furnace melting can be adopted the casting of manual permanent mold casting or gravity-diecasting machine.Handle 2 stokeholds
The stokehold is handled and is comprised spheroidizing and inoculation.Spheroidization treatment temperature is 1400-1450 ℃, and nodulizing agent is a rare earth magnesium ferrosilicon alloy, and add-on is the 1.0-1.7% of iron liquid quality; The employing late inoculation is handled, and an inoculation is to carry out in the nodularization bag, adds 75% ferro-silicon, and add-on is the 0.6-1.2% of iron liquid quality; Late inoculation is handled in the cast parcel and is carried out, and adds 75% ferro-silicon, and add-on is the 0.05-0.1% of iron water amount.3 castings
With permanent mold casting or water-cooled metal mold casting, or gravity-diecasting machine casting, teeming temperature is 1350-1380 ℃, and nodularization and the molten iron that breeds are poured in metal mold or the water-cooled metal mould, forms surperficial spoken parts in traditional operas, mottled cast iron and three layers of compound primary solidification structure of center spheroidal graphite cast iron.For the water-cooled metal mold casting, adopt low notes formula gating system, can adjust its control flooding quantity according to the size of the abrading-ball of producing, effectively control the thickness of white cast iron layer.4 immediate quenchings
The abrading-ball of castable is cooled to 920-1000 ℃ in casting mold, carry out hot shake-out, cools off in air or be cooled to 780-880 ℃ in holding pit and quench immediately, and quenchant is a sodium silicate aqueous solution, and its proportion is 1.05-1.35g/cm
3, modulus is 2.0-3.5, and temperature is 30-95 ℃, and abrading-ball is cooled to 50-200 ℃ of taking-up in this heat-eliminating medium, remove gating system, and check its surface quality.5 low-temperaturetemperings
With the abrading-ball of cleaning out, go into stove again and carry out tempering, eliminate casting stress and quenching stress, tempering temperature is 200-250 ℃, is incubated 6-12 hour.
Compounded cast iron abrading-ball of the present invention adopts low-alloy cast iron, by Composition Control and the control of cooling intensity when solidifying, control the thickness of white cast iron layer effectively, select wide, the lower-cost manganese in source as main alloying element, utilize the boron of trace to improve hardening capacity and regulate chill depth, obtaining martensite/bainite matrix under the refrigerative condition continuously.
Illustrate that enforcement is as follows:
Chemical ingredients:
C：3.4-3.6％， Si：2.6-3.2％，
Mn：2.5-3.0％， Cr：0.1-0.3％，
Cu：0.2-0.5％， B：0.003-0.01％，
P＜0.08%, S＜0.05% thermal treatment process: 780-820 ℃ of immediate quenching temperature, quenchant are sodium silicate aqueous solution, its proportion is 1.05-1.25g/cm
3, modulus is 2.0-3.0, and temperature is 40-95 ℃, and abrading-ball is cooled to 50-150 ℃ of taking-up in this heat-eliminating medium; Low tempering temperatures is 200-220 ℃, is incubated 6-10 hour.
Martensite of the present invention/bainite compounded cast iron abrading-ball is domestic tens iron ores application in the Qianan City, Hebei province, uses the factories and miness reflection good, and its quality is better than other abrading-ball.This technology production kiloton product, use production efficiency height, the cost show this technology low, energy-conservation, save starting material, the product yield height, good in economic efficiency, quality product is high, average per tour can be produced 7-8 ton finished product abrading-ball, product yield is 85.1%.
Claims (7)
1. martensite/bainite compounded cast iron abrading-ball, the chemical ingredients that it is characterized in that abrading-ball is C:3.4-3.8% by mass percentage, Si:2.4-3.4%, Mn:2.0-3.5%, Cr:0.1-0.5%, Cu:0.2-0.8%, B:0.003-0.03%, P＜0.08%, S＜0.05%; The abrading-ball surface layer thickness is controlled at 5-20mm, and the mottled iron transition region thickness of abrading-ball is 2-5mm; Thermal treatment rear surface layer tissue is martensite+bainite+alloyed cementite; Core structure is martensite+bainite+globular graphite; Fiber crops are made a slip of the tongue and cross layer tissue is martensite+bainite+alloyed cementite+globular graphite.
2. the production method of the described abrasive material of claim 1, after the iron liquid that it is characterized in that cupola melting is come out of the stove, when the iron liquid temp is 1400-1450 ℃, add the nodulizing agent rare earth magnesium ferrosilicon alloy and carry out spheroidizing, adding 75% ferro-silicon again carries out in the parcel once and secondary iron liquid inoculation in nodularization hot metal ladle and cast respectively, the teeming temperature of iron liquid is 1350-1380 ℃, iron liquid casting is gone in metal mold or the water-cooled metal mould to solidify and cool off, the high temperature demoulding when being cooled to 920-1000 ℃, abrading-ball continues air cooling to 780-880 ℃, it is to carry out immediate quenching in the sodium silicate aqueous solution to handle that abrading-ball is inserted quenchant, the abrading-ball temperature reaches 50-200 ℃ of taking-up, with the abrading-ball tempering stove of packing into, be heated to 200-250 ℃ and be incubated temper, come out of the stove the back abrading-ball again air cooling to room temperature.
3. according to the described grinding ball production method of claim 2, it is characterized in that nodulizing agent is a rare earth magnesium ferrosilicon alloy, add-on is the 1.0-1.7% of iron liquid quality; An inoculation adds 75% ferro-silicon, and add-on is the 0.6-1.2% of iron liquid quality; Late inoculation is handled, and adds 75% ferro-silicon of the 0.05-0.1% of iron liquid quality.
4. according to the described grinding ball production method of claim 2, it is characterized in that adopting permanent mold casting, iron liquid in the process of setting, forms surperficial chill, fiber crops mouthful transition layer and the spheroidal graphite cast iron primary solidification structure of heart portion of abrading-ball in metal mold or water-cooled metal mould.
5. according to the production method of claim 2,4 described abrading-balls, it is characterized in that the water-cooled metal mold casting, adopt low notes formula gating system.
6. according to the production method of the described abrading-ball of claim 2, it is characterized in that thermal treatment process is immediate quenching and low-temperaturetempering, the abrading-ball of casting is in the high temperature demoulding during to 920-1000 ℃ of metal mold internal cooling, the abrading-ball air cooling is to 780-880 ℃, carrying out immediate quenching handles, quenchant is a sodium silicate aqueous solution, and its proportion is 1.05-1.35g/cm
3, modulus is 2.0-3.5, and temperature is 30-95 ℃, and abrading-ball is cooled to 50-200 ℃ in this heat-eliminating medium, take out abrading-ball and pack in the tempering stove, is heated to 200-250 ℃, be incubated 6-12 hour and carries out low-temperaturetempering processing, the air cooling of coming out of the stove at last.
7. according to the production method of the described abrading-ball of claim 2, it is characterized in that pouring into a mould and the abrading-ball air cooling that solidifies carries out immediate quenching to 780-820 ℃, quenchant is a sodium silicate aqueous solution, its proportion is 1.05-1.25g/cm
3, modulus is 2.0-3.0, and temperature is 40-95 ℃, and abrading-ball is cooled to 50-150 ℃ in this heat-eliminating medium, take out abrading-ball and pack in the tempering stove, is heated to 200-220 ℃, be incubated 6-10 hour and carries out low-temperaturetempering processing, the air cooling of coming out of the stove at last.
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| CN99100293A CN1102669C (en) | 1999-01-28 | 1999-01-28 | Grinding ball of martensite/bainite compounded cast iron and its production technology |
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| CN1102669C true CN1102669C (en) | 2003-03-05 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100451152C (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2009-01-14 | 昆明理工大学 | Bainite ductile iron grinding ball and its producing process |
| CN101906565B (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2012-01-04 | 河北工业大学 | Carbide-containing ausferrite spheroidal graphite cast iron grinding ball and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102352460A (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2012-02-15 | 南昌航空大学 | High-chromium white cast iron spherical plug and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101758208B (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2012-12-12 | 上海宏钢电站设备铸锻有限公司 | Method for fast cooling heavy section ductile iron castings |
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| CN112570688B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-12-31 | 中北大学 | Solid-liquid forming steel-copper bimetallic material heat treatment method |
| CN115652186B (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-11-24 | 内蒙古中天宏远稀土新材料股份公司 | Preparation method of spheroidal graphite cast iron grinding ball |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1045280A (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1990-09-12 | 陕西机械学院 | Bainite and martensite mottled nodular cast iron grinding ball |
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1999
- 1999-01-28 CN CN99100293A patent/CN1102669C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1045280A (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1990-09-12 | 陕西机械学院 | Bainite and martensite mottled nodular cast iron grinding ball |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100451152C (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2009-01-14 | 昆明理工大学 | Bainite ductile iron grinding ball and its producing process |
| CN101906565B (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2012-01-04 | 河北工业大学 | Carbide-containing ausferrite spheroidal graphite cast iron grinding ball and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102352460A (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2012-02-15 | 南昌航空大学 | High-chromium white cast iron spherical plug and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1262338A (en) | 2000-08-09 |
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