CN107779781A - A kind of ore-benificiating ball grinder liner plate manufacture method - Google Patents
A kind of ore-benificiating ball grinder liner plate manufacture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107779781A CN107779781A CN201711015242.8A CN201711015242A CN107779781A CN 107779781 A CN107779781 A CN 107779781A CN 201711015242 A CN201711015242 A CN 201711015242A CN 107779781 A CN107779781 A CN 107779781A
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/18—Details
- B02C17/22—Lining for containers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ore-benificiating ball grinder liner plate manufacture method, and by steel, carburant, ferrochrome, copper and iron, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and rare earth, Hybrid Heating melts in electric furnace first, and furnace temperature reaches 1580~1600 DEG C;Add deoxidier, dehydrogenating agent and denitrifier;The molten metal of melting is covered tightly with coverture, completely cuts off outside air, calm 0.5 to 1 hour of time, makes oxide and inclusion floating;During molten steel is come out of the stove, into molten steel, addition rare earth element does Metamorphism treatment;By the casting shove charge of casting, casting is heated up, temperature is warming up to more than 1100 DEG C, heating is incubated after terminating;Casting after insulation is entered into water quenching, ensure casting temperature in 1,050 1070 DEG C of potassium steel are formulated added with modified alloy material before entering water, tiny casting crystal grain can be obtained, it is multi-element alloyed using the progress of chromium Cr, molybdenum Mo, copper Cu, silicon Si and appropriate Re elements, improve its quenching degree;Low shock loading or the wear working condition without shock loading especially suitable in.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material technical field of heat treatment technology, and in particular to a kind of ore-benificiating ball grinder liner plate handles work
Process.
Background technology
Metallurgical mine ore dressing at present, chemical fertilizer, building material industry use ball mill, and raw material is ground into required granularity.Ore dressing ball
Lining board of grinder is for protecting cylinder, making cylinder from abrasive body and material directly impact and friction, while difference can also be used
The liner plate of form adjusts the motion state of abrasive body, to strengthen pulverization of the abrasive body to material, is favorably improved grinding machine
Mill efficiency, increase yield, reduce metal consumption, liner plate is directly connected to ore grinding benefit.
Existing ore-benificiating ball grinder liner plate is easy to wear, and service life is shorter, and often set liner plate average treatment raw ore amount is relatively low, raw
It is low to produce efficiency, consumption is high, directly affects the economic benefit of enterprise.
The material for the potassium steel ZGMnl3 that ore-benificiating ball grinder liner plate previous experiences are chosen, by water-tenacity treatment, hardness is in HB
Between l80-220, for the service life of liner plate at 5~7 months, it was certain poor to exist with our desired value in process of production
Away from.
Although potassium steel zGMnl3 materials process hardening characteristic, i.e. Gao Meng of the as-cast structure using austenite as matrix in itself
For steel only under larger shock loading or contact stress effect, its surface produces rapidly processing hardening, and in high density dislocation
Generated in succession with deformation twin, so as to produce the superficial layer of high abrasion, and internal layer austenite now remain in that it is good tough
Property.
But the operating mode in ball mill operation process but has a certain distance with it, impact value is not very big in mill,
It is difficult to play its and processes induration, larger rheology, crimping, flexural deformation can occur in actual applications, and is not easy
With the higher abrading-ball of hardness, cause safety and economic benefit to reduce, can not fully be brought into play so as to the anti-wear performance of potassium steel,
It is final not wear-resisting result occur.
For potassium steel (ZGMn13 steel) also with excellent Work Hardening Characteristic while with high tenacity, this is rushing it
Hit under abrasion condition of work and show excellent anti-wear performance.Therefore, it is widely used in metallurgy, mine, building materials, coal, iron
The industries such as road, military project and machinery make wear-resistant cast steel parts.Because potassium steel machining is difficult, deformability is poor, all the time
It can only all be used as casting.This limits the development of potassium steel to a certain extent, is unfavorable for effective performance of its wearability.
Liner plate is existing through frequently with potassium steel, the thermal conductivity of high manganese steel is very poor, often produces and splits in heating process on ball mill
Line.
The content of the invention
The invention solves technology be to solve existing ball grinding machine lining board easily to split, the technical problem to wear no resistance.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of ore-benificiating ball grinder liner plate manufacture method:
1) by steel, carburant, ferrochrome, copper and iron, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and rare earth, Hybrid Heating melts in electric furnace first, stove
Temperature reaches 1580~1600 DEG C;
2) deoxidier, dehydrogenating agent and denitrifier are added, the chemical composition of molten steel in stove and its mass fraction are adjusted to C
=0.90~1.3%, Cr=1.5~2.5%, Mn=11~14%, Mo=0.8~1.2%, Cu=0.6~0.80%, S<
0.04%, P<0.05%, surplus is Fe and inevitable micro impurity element;
3) molten metal of melting is covered tightly with coverture, completely cuts off outside air, calm 0.5 to 1 hour of time, make oxidation
Thing and inclusion floating;
4) the casting ladle fire of molten steel will be delivered to more than 400 DEG C, liquid steel temperature is maintained at 1420 DEG C~1480 DEG C in stove;
5) during molten steel is come out of the stove, into molten steel, addition rare earth element does Metamorphism treatment;
6) molten metal is transported at casting mold by casting ladle, casting shaping is carried out using evaporative pattern, cast temperature is 1360 DEG C
~1420 DEG C;
7) by the casting shove charge of casting, casting is heated up, temperature is warming up to more than 1100 DEG C, heating terminates
After be incubated;
8) casting after insulation is entered into water quenching, ensures casting temperature at 1050-1070 DEG C before entering water, water temperature enters in casting
It is maintained at before water on less than 30 DEG C, highest water temperature is no more than 50 DEG C after quenching, and the cool time is less than 1 minute;
Further, the heated crucible uses intermediate frequency furnace, in additive block, first melting steel, then add several times
Ferromanganese, ferrochrome, copper and iron and ferrosilicon, are eventually adding rare earth;
Further, using open, multiple scattered ingates introduce running gate system at the thin-walled of casting, and into flat
And it is wide horn-like, the sectional area at casting is more than the sectional area being connected with cross gate.
Further, in water-tenacity treatment, when casting temperature is less than 350 DEG C, with the speed less than 80 DEG C/h to casting
Heated up, after reaching 350 DEG C, 750 DEG C of insulations are warming up to the speed less than 100 DEG C/h, then with the speed more than 150 DEG C/h
Degree is incubated after being warming up to 1050 °, then is warming up to 1100 DEG C.
Further, after water-tenacity treatment, casting is heated in oxidizing atmosphere, makes skin decarburization.
Further, the casting after water-tenacity treatment is subjected to temper, temperature is at 240~250 DEG C, tempering time
In more than 6h.
Advantages of the present invention:Added with modified alloy material in the potassium steel formula, tiny casting crystal grain can be obtained,
It is multi-element alloyed using the progress of chromium Cr, molybdenum Mo, copper Cu, silicon Si and appropriate Re elements, improve its quenching degree;It is particularly suitable
Low shock loading or the wear working condition without shock loading in;Must have high hardness and toughness, suitable metallographic structure, table
The difference in hardness of face and center portion is little, and basic HRC 45-50, its wearability is 1.5-2 times of potassium steel.Pass through each heating temperature
The control of degree, it can effectively reduce the generation of crackle.
Embodiment
By steel scrap, carburant, ferrochrome, copper and iron, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and trace rare-earth, Hybrid Heating melts in electric furnace first,
When liquid steel temperature reaches 1580~1600 DEG C, deoxidation is added, the chemical composition of molten steel in stove and its mass fraction are adjusted to C
=0.90~1.3%, Cr=1.5~2.5%, Mn=11~14%, Mo=0.8~1.2%, Cu=0.6~0.80%, S<
0.04%, P<0.05%, surplus is Fe and inevitable micro impurity element.The height of silicone content, impact toughness is influenceed
It is larger, therefore should remove the limit, to be advisable no more than 0.5%.Low-phosphorous low-sulfur is most basic requirement, because high manganese content rises naturally
To desulfidation, therefore it is most critical to drop phosphorus, tries to make phosphorus be less than 0.05%.Chromium is to improve wear resistence, typically left 2.0%
It is right.
Wherein, manganese Mn, it is main intensified element, is partially soluble in ferrite, strengthens matrix, remaining Mn amount generation Mn3C, it
With Mn3The mutual phased solns of C, (FeMn) is generated in steel3C-type carbide, Mn make A3Point reduces A4Point rises, and S, E point move to left, so as to
Increase the quantity of steel medium pearlite.Because Mn reduces γFePhase transition temperature and M3Temperature, reduce austenite decomposition (carbide precipitate)
Speed, greatly improve the quenching degree of steel.
Wherein, chromium Cr, it is one of the chief elements in abrasion-resistant stee, it forms alloyed cementite with the carbon in steel and iron
(FeCr)3C and alloy carbide (FeCr)7C3, can partly dissolve in solid solution, strengthen matrix, improve the quenching degree of steel, especially
It can greatly improve quenching degree with manganese, the reasonably combined use of silicon.Cr has larger resistance to tempering, can make the standby of thick end face
Part performance is uniform.In middle alloy abrasion resistant steel the content of chromium should not too high otherwise can cause quenching, retained austenite in tempered structure
Body increase.General control is between 1.5%~2.5%.
Wherein, molybdenum Mo, in alloy wear-resisting cast steel can effectively thinning microstructure, during heat treatment can strong inhibition austenite to
Perlitic transformation, stable heat-treated sturcture, addition molybdenum can be increased sharply its through hardening in alloy abrasion resistant steel in Cr-Mo-Si
Property and homogeneity of fault plane prevent the generation of temper brittleness, improve temper resistance, improve impact toughness, the heat resistanceheat resistant for increasing steel is tired
Labor performance, but its is expensive, typically according to size and thickness control between 0.8%~1.2%.
Wherein, copper cu, carbide is not formed with carbon, his the copper cu in iron solubility is little, and iron can not be formed continuously
Solid solution.The reduction of solubility with temperature of the copper in iron and fall sharply.
Precipitation-hardening can be produced by appropriate heat treatment to act on.Also with nickel similarity, quenching for steel can be improved
The electrode potential of permeability and matrix, increase resistance to corrosion.It is more important under the conditions of wet-milling, general control 0.6%~
0.8%, too high copper is unhelpful to abrasion-resistant stee
Wherein, rare earth can purify crystal boundary with refined cast structure, improve form and the distribution of carbide and field trash, carry
The fatigue resistance of high medium alloy steel and antifatigue spalling, and middle alloy abrasion resistant steel is kept enough toughness.
Smelting furnace uses intermediate frequency furnace, first melting carbon steel, and the gravity alloy material such as all kinds of ferromanganese and ferrochrome, copper and iron, ferrosilicon,
To enter stove on a small quantity every time several times, noble element is being eventually adding, to reduce scaling loss.Expect that block should be as small as possible, with 50-80mm
It is advisable.After melting down, when furnace temperature reaches 1580-1600 DEG C, deoxidation, dehydrogenation, denitrogenation.Deoxidier is necessarily pressed onto to depths in stove.
Metal bath surface is now covered tightly with coverture, separates outside air.Calm a period of time is also wanted, oxide, field trash is had abundance
Time floats.During this period, the content of manganese and carbon is adjusted with mid-carbon fe-mn in time.
Due to C, Mn contents are higher, and mobility is fine, and temperature height easily column crystal occurs, cause crackle appearance and wearability
Difference, so tapping temperature is strictly controlled, typically at 1420 DEG C~1480 DEG C.Before molten steel is come out of the stove, by casting ladle be baked to 400 DEG C with
On be very necessary.Do Metamorphism treatment with various trace elements such as rare earths during come out of the stove, be refine primary crystallization must
Means are wanted, it is vital that it influences on properties of product.
Modeling Material and coating also should be consistent with molten metal attribute, or use neutral material.If want to obtain primary crystallization
The collective of refinement, it is correct, especially lost foam process using the big chromite sand of amount of stored heat, with it radiating will be overcome slow
Shortcoming.
The characteristics of manganese steel is that solidification shrinkage is big, and poor radiation, accordingly, shrinkage coefficient takes 2.5%- in technological design
2.7%, casting is more grown up, more answers capping.The deformability of molding sand and core will necessarily get well.
Running gate system is taken open.Multiple scattered ingates introduce at the thin-walled of casting, and into flat and wide loudspeaker
Shape, the sectional area at casting are more than the sectional area being connected with cross gate, molten metal is quick smoothly injected casting mold, prevent
The only excessive temperature differentials in whole casting mold.Rising head diameter is greater than thermal center diameter, and against thermal center, height is the 2.5-3.0 of diameter
Times, it is necessary to unified using hot riser even dead head, allow the high-temperature liquid metal of abundance to carry out sky of the insufficient casting in solidification shrinkage
Position.It is also correct that sprue, rising head are located at into eminence (sandbox has 5-8 ° of gradient).Low temperature pours soon as far as possible during cast.One
Denier solidifies, and timely fluffing of moulding sand case.Clever designer always excels at leveraging chill, including internal densener in external chill, and it was both refined
Primary crystallization, shrinkage cavity and porosity is eliminated, improve product yield again, certainly, suitable dosage and specification should consider.It is interior
Chill is clean, meltable, and dosage to be advisable less.The three-dimensional dimension of external chill and the three-dimensional dimension of cooling thing are 0.6-0.7 times
Functional relation.It is too small not work, it is excessive to cause casting to ftracture.Casting wants long-time heat preservation in type, until less than 200 DEG C again
Unpack.
During cast, tapping temperature control 1420~1480 DEG C (heat bag drop 20 DEG C), pouring temperature control 1360 DEG C~
1420℃。
In water-tenacity treatment, when casting temperature is less than 350 DEG C, casting is heated up with the speed less than 80 DEG C/h,
After reaching 350 DEG C, 750 DEG C of insulations are warming up to the speed less than 100 DEG C/h, are then warming up to the speed more than 150 DEG C/h
It is incubated after 1050 °, then is warming up to 1100 DEG C.Casting after insulation is entered into water quenching, ensures that casting temperature exists before entering water
More than 1050-1070 DEG C, water temperature is maintained on less than 30 DEG C before casting enters water, and highest water temperature is no more than 50 DEG C after quenching, quenches
The fiery time is less than 1 minute;Water should be not less than 8 times of casting weight.Cold water enters from pond bottom, and warm water flows out from pond top surface.
Casting wants three directions ceaselessly to move in pond.
Because manganese steel heat-conductive characteristic is poor, should be paid close attention to when cutting dead head.Preferably casting is placed in water,
Cut part is exposed at outside water, is stayed a certain amount of stubble during cutting, is ground off after heat treatment.
From the manganese nickel electrode (D256 or D266 types) of austenite base, specification is elongated,Outer layer coating
For alkalescence.Use low current during operation, light current arc, the more layers of small welding bead, the operating method for remaining the few heat of low temperature.One
Side is welded while impact, eliminates stress.
Hardness is low after potassium steel workpiece water-tenacity treatment, and workpiece is tight using initial (not yet setting up work-hardened condition) abrasion
Weight.In order to overcome this situation, can carry out improving initial hardening processing.There are following two methods.
1. carbonization treatment method.Workpiece is in oxidizing atmosphere or containing H after water-tenacity treatment2And H2Heated in O atmosphere, take off surface
Carbon, certain thickness Malpighian layer is obtained, improves case hardness, the starting rate of wear of workpiece can be greatly lowered, extended
Service life.
2. process hardening process.Workpiece after water-tenacity treatment, chiso-mallet, shot-peening are carried out to it before its use or is rolled etc. to add
Work, one layer of work hardening layer is artificially caused, to improve initial hardness.
Casting after water-tenacity treatment is subjected to temper, temperature at 240~250 DEG C, tempering time in more than 6h,
For adding Cr potassium steel, temper can be obviously promoted the orderly expansion of C-Mn clusters, pass through the random of these ordered domains
With distribution and the top bundle that increases corresponding mistake acts on, so as to improve its anti-wear performance.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. ore-benificiating ball grinder liner plate manufacture method, it is characterised in that:1) by steel, carburant, ferrochrome, copper and iron, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and rare earth, Hybrid Heating melts in electric furnace first, and furnace temperature reaches To 1580~1600 DEG C;2) deoxidier, dehydrogenating agent and denitrifier are added, the chemical composition of molten steel in stove and its mass fraction are adjusted to C= 0.90~1.3%, Cr=1.5~2.5%, Mn=11~14%, Mo=0.8~1.2%, Cu=0.6~0.80%, S< 0.04%, P<0.05%, surplus is Fe and inevitable micro impurity element;3) molten metal of melting is covered tightly with coverture, completely cut off outside air, calm 0.5 to 1 hour of time, make oxide and Inclusion floating;4) the casting ladle fire of molten steel will be delivered to more than 400 DEG C, liquid steel temperature is maintained at 1420 DEG C~1480 DEG C in stove;5) during molten steel is come out of the stove, into molten steel, addition rare earth element does Metamorphism treatment;6) molten metal is transported at casting mold by casting ladle, using evaporative pattern carry out casting shaping, cast temperature be 1360 DEG C~ 1420℃;7) by the casting shove charge of casting, casting is heated up, temperature is warming up to more than 1100 DEG C, heating terminates laggard Row insulation;8) casting after insulation is entered into water quenching, ensures casting temperature at 1050-1070 DEG C before entering water, water temperature is before casting enters water It is maintained on less than 30 DEG C, highest water temperature is no more than 50 DEG C after quenching, and the cool time is less than 1 minute.
- 2. ore-benificiating ball grinder liner plate manufacture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:During the heated crucible uses Frequency stove, in additive block, first melting steel, then ferromanganese, ferrochrome, copper and iron and ferrosilicon are added several times, it is eventually adding rare earth.
- 3. ore-benificiating ball grinder liner plate manufacture method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:Running gate system is using opening Formula, multiple scattered ingates introduce at the thin-walled of casting, and into flat and wide horn-like, the sectional area at casting is big In the sectional area being connected with cross gate.
- 4. ore-benificiating ball grinder liner plate manufacture method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:In water-tenacity treatment, work as casting When part temperature is less than 350 DEG C, casting is heated up with the speed less than 80 DEG C/h, after reaching 350 DEG C, with less than 100 DEG C/h Speed be warming up to 750 DEG C of insulations, be incubated after being then warming up to 1050 ° with the speed more than 150 DEG C/h, then be warming up to 1100℃。
- 5. ore-benificiating ball grinder liner plate manufacture method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:After water-tenacity treatment, by casting Heated in oxidizing atmosphere, make skin decarburization.
- 6. ore-benificiating ball grinder liner plate manufacture method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:By the casting after water-tenacity treatment Temper is carried out, temperature is at 240~250 DEG C, and tempering time is in more than 6h.
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CN110423943A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-08 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of ultra-fine ball milling liner plate and preparation method thereof |
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