CN110261281B - Soft rock seepage simple test system under low stress condition and use method thereof - Google Patents
Soft rock seepage simple test system under low stress condition and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110261281B CN110261281B CN201910661776.0A CN201910661776A CN110261281B CN 110261281 B CN110261281 B CN 110261281B CN 201910661776 A CN201910661776 A CN 201910661776A CN 110261281 B CN110261281 B CN 110261281B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
Abstract
The invention discloses a soft rock seepage simple test system under a low stress condition and a use method thereof, wherein the system comprises a seepage generating device, a confining pressure loading system, a shaft pressure loading system, a water supply system, a stress monitoring system and a seepage flow measuring system; the confining pressure loading system is connected with the confining pressure acting end of the seepage generating device, and the shaft pressure loading system is connected with the shaft pressure acting end of the seepage generating device; the water supply system is connected with the water inflow end of the seepage generating device; the stress monitoring system is connected with the confining pressure acting end and the shaft pressure acting end of the seepage generating device; the seepage flow measuring system is connected with the water outflow end of the seepage flow generating device. When the device is used, the raw rock is firstly manufactured into a cylindrical soft rock sample, the seepage generating device is installed, the confining pressure and the axial pressure are applied to the cylindrical soft rock sample of the seepage generating device through the confining pressure loading system and the axial pressure loading system, and finally, the seepage control, the seepage flow measurement and the stress detection are carried out. The confining pressure and the shaft pressure are loaded separately, so that the confining pressure and the shaft pressure ratio can be controlled accurately.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rock mechanics and engineering, and relates to a soft rock seepage simple test system under a low-stress condition and a use method thereof.
Background
Research shows that under the action of rainfall or other water environment changes, water migrates and seeps in the soft rock body, and physical, chemical and mechanical comprehensive reactions with different degrees are generated, so that the soft rock structure is finally damaged, the strength is reduced or lost, and the method is also one of the important reasons for destabilizing the soft rock slope. In order to reveal the damage mechanism of soft rock in the water environment, a large number of students have studied the seepage characteristics of the soft rock.
At present, the seepage characteristic of the soft rock is mainly researched by two methods of numerical simulation and experimental research, wherein the numerical simulation method can simulate and calculate a large-volume soft rock slope, but the numerical simulation method cannot simulate the real situation due to the reasons of complex parameters, numerous assumption conditions and the like during calculation, so that the calculation result is not accurate enough. The existing test method mainly adopts a modified triaxial seepage test method, and the method can obtain more accurate results, but has the defects that the method mainly comprises the following steps:
1. the requirements on test conditions are high, an advanced triaxial seepage test instrument is required, the operation is complex, and the cost is high;
2. because the triaxial sample is completely wrapped by the confining pressure loading liquid, and the stress in the axial pressure direction is the sum of the axial loading force and the confining pressure loading liquid loading stress, the axial pressure and the confining pressure are not equal, namely the ratio of the axial pressure to the confining pressure is difficult to control;
3. in general, only the two conditions of pressureless seepage or pressureless seepage are considered independently, and the random conversion between the pressureless seepage and the pressureless seepage is difficult, so that the actual condition is better simulated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soft rock seepage simple test system under a low-stress condition, which aims to solve the problems that the axial pressure and confining pressure ratio is difficult to control, the operation is complex and the cost is high in the existing triaxial seepage test method.
The invention further aims to provide a use method of the soft rock seepage simple test system under the low-stress condition, so as to solve the problem that the existing triaxial seepage test method is difficult to be switched between pressured seepage and pressureless seepage.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the soft rock seepage simple test system under the condition of low stress comprises a seepage generating mechanism, a confining pressure loading system, a shaft pressure loading system, a water supply system, a stress monitoring system and a seepage flow measuring system, wherein the seepage generating mechanism consists of at least one seepage generating device;
the confining pressure loading system is connected with the confining pressure acting end of the seepage generating device, and the axial pressure loading system is connected with the axial pressure acting end of the seepage generating device; the water supply system is connected with the moisture inflow end of the seepage generating device; the stress monitoring system is respectively connected with the confining pressure acting end and the axial pressure acting end of the seepage generating device; the seepage flow measuring system is connected with the water outflow end of the seepage flow generating device.
Further, the seepage generating device consists of a round waterproof steel plate, two round waterproof steel plates, a cylindrical soft rock sample and a permeable stone; the lower surface of the circular waterproof steel plate is attached to the upper surface of one circular waterproof steel plate, the lower surface of the circular waterproof steel plate is attached to the upper surface of a cylindrical soft rock sample, the lower surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample is attached to the upper surface of the other circular waterproof steel plate, and the lower surface of the other circular waterproof steel plate is attached to the upper surface of a permeable stone;
the center position of the circular watertight steel plate is provided with a first watertight round hole and a shaft pressure loading ring sleeved outside the first watertight round hole.
Furthermore, the confining pressure loading systems and the seepage generating devices are equal in number and are connected in one-to-one correspondence; each confining pressure loading system consists of n layers of elastic rubber rings which are sequentially sleeved on the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample of the seepage generating device corresponding to the n layers of elastic rubber rings, and the elastic rubber rings of the first layer are fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample through waterproof glue;
the thickness of the elastic rubber ring is 0.3-0.5 mm, and the inner diameter of the elastic rubber ring is consistent with the diameter of the cylindrical soft rock sample.
Further, the water supply system consists of a water supply tank, a peristaltic pump, a pH regulator, a temperature controller, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a pressure gauge and a valve; the peristaltic pump has water inlet connected to the water supply tank via water inlet pipe, pH regulator, temperature controller, pressure gauge, the first water permeating holes in the circular water impermeable steel plate of the seepage generating device, valve and water supply tank connected successively via water outlet pipe to form circulating loop.
Further, the axial pressure loading system consists of a vertical supporting rod, an inclined force rod, a loading weight hanging disc, a resistance weight and at least one vertical force rod; the vertical support rod is positioned at one side of the seepage generating mechanism; one end of the inclined force rod is fixed with a loading weight hanging plate, the other end of the inclined force rod is fixed with a resistance weight, one end of the inclined force rod for fixing the resistance weight is rotationally connected with the upper part of the vertical supporting rod, and the resistance weight is positioned at the outer side of the vertical supporting rod; the number of the vertical force rods is equal to that of the seepage generating devices, and the vertical force rods and the seepage generating devices are in one-to-one correspondence connection; all vertical force rods are positioned between the vertical support rods and the loading weight hanging scaffold, the top of each vertical force rod is rotationally connected with the inclined force rod, and the bottom of each vertical force rod is fixedly connected with an axial pressure loading ring on a circular impermeable steel plate of the seepage generating device corresponding to the bottom of each vertical force rod;
the lower end of each vertical force rod is provided with a vertical hollow groove transversely penetrating through the lower end, the height of each vertical hollow groove is consistent with the height of the water outlet pipe, the width of each vertical hollow groove is consistent with the outer diameter of the water outlet pipe, and the part, connected with the first water permeable round hole on the round water impermeable steel plate, of the water outlet pipe is positioned in the vertical hollow groove.
Further, the stress-strain monitoring systems are equal in number to the confining pressure loading systems and the shaft pressure loading systems, and are in one-to-one correspondence connection with the confining pressure loading systems and the shaft pressure loading systems;
the stress-strain monitoring system consists of a lateral stress strain gauge, an axial stress strain gauge, a signal line and a road bridge machine; the lateral stress strain gauge is stuck to the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample of the seepage generating device corresponding to the lateral stress strain gauge, and the center of the lateral stress strain gauge is positioned at 1/2 height of the cylindrical soft rock sample; the axial stress strain gauge is attached to the lower surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample and is positioned at the bottom center of the cylindrical soft rock sample; the input ends of the road bridge machine are respectively connected with the signal output ends of the lateral stress strain gauge and the axial stress strain gauge through signal lines, and the output ends of all the road bridge machine are connected with the computer through signal lines;
the seepage flow measuring system and the seepage flow generating device are equal in number and are connected in one-to-one correspondence; the seepage flow measuring system consists of a water traction wire and a water collector, wherein one end of the water traction wire is contacted with the bottom of the water collector, and the other end of the water traction wire is connected with a permeable stone of a seepage flow generating device corresponding to the water traction wire.
Furthermore, the soft rock seepage simple test system under the low-stress condition also comprises a workbench, wherein the workbench consists of a first layer of table top and a second layer of table top which are arranged from top to bottom;
the first layer of table top is provided with round holes with the same number as that of seepage generating devices;
the lower surface of the permeable stone of the seepage generating device is attached to the first layer of table top, and the circle center of each permeable stone is aligned with the circle center of the corresponding circular hole;
one end of the water traction wire is contacted with the bottom of the water collector positioned on the second layer of table top, and the other end of the water traction wire is connected with the center of the permeable stone through a circular hole on the first layer of table top;
the lower part of the vertical supporting rod is fixed on the first layer of table top;
and an electronic balance is further arranged on the second layer of table surface.
The application method of the soft rock seepage simple test system under the condition of low stress comprises the following specific steps:
s1: preparing a soft rock sample: the method comprises the steps of performing core drilling, rock cutting and end face polishing on raw rock to obtain a required cylindrical soft rock sample;
s2: installing a seepage generating device: sequentially placing a round waterproof steel plate, a round waterproof steel plate and a permeable stone on the upper surface and the lower surface of a cylindrical soft rock sample;
s3: loading confining pressure: uniformly brushing a layer of waterproof glue on the outer side wall of a cylindrical soft rock sample, sleeving a first layer of elastic rubber ring, and sleeving different layers of elastic rubber rings on the periphery of the first layer of elastic rubber ring so as to achieve confining pressure required by test design;
s4: loading shaft pressure: fixing the lower end of each vertical force rod and an axial pressure loading ring on a round watertight steel plate of the seepage generating device corresponding to the lower end of each vertical force rod, and then placing a loading weight for loading the design weight into a loading weight hanging disc so as to achieve the axial pressure required by test design;
s5: controlling seepage: opening a peristaltic pump, controlling the pH value and the temperature of the seepage water through a pH regulator and a temperature controller, and controlling the pressure of the seepage water;
s6: measuring seepage and detecting stress: at intervals, weighing the water collector by using an electronic balance, recording the mass of the water collector, opening a computer, collecting strain signals of the lateral stress strain gauge and the axial stress strain gauge by using a road bridge machine, and monitoring the stress change of the cylindrical soft rock sample in real time.
Further, the step S5 controls the pressure of the seepage flow by the flow rate of the peristaltic pump outlet and the closing and opening of the valve.
Further, the confining pressure loaded in the step S3 is as follows:
σ m ＝E m ε r ；
wherein sigma m The circumferential stress is the confining pressure; e (E) m The elastic modulus of the elastic rubber ring; epsilon r The annular strain is the product of the number of layers of the elastic rubber ring sleeved on the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample and the thickness of the elastic rubber ring, and the product is the percentage of the diameter of the soft rock sample.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) On the basis of the lever principle, a shaft pressure loading system is formed by reforming the lever, and the shaft pressure loading system is communicated withThe axial pressure on the cylindrical soft rock sample can be accurately controlled by changing the mass of the loading weight; by adding elastic rubber rings with different layers, the elastic rubber rings are radially deformed, so that radial stress is generated, the effect of loading confining pressure to a cylindrical soft rock sample is achieved, and the confining pressure calculation formula is sigma m ＝E m ε r Wherein sigma m For hoop stress, E m Is the elastic modulus epsilon of the elastic rubber ring r The ratio of the confining pressure to the axial pressure can be accurately controlled by separately loading the confining pressure and the axial pressure for circumferential strain, namely the product of the number of layers of the elastic rubber ring and the diameter of the soft rock sample, and the problem that the ratio of the axial pressure to the confining pressure is difficult to control in the triaxial seepage test method is effectively solved.
(2) The water supply system is capable of providing a stable seepage head, when the valve is closed, the peristaltic pump is used for continuously supplying water, the permeation rate of the cylindrical soft rock sample is small, the water flow in the pipe is jammed, the water pressure is increased, the pressure seepage control effect is achieved, and the water pressure can be stable by adjusting the size of the valve and the water supply rate of the peristaltic pump; when the valve is opened, water flow circularly flows into the water supply tank, and at the moment, water flow in the water pipe is pressureless flow, so that the device can achieve random conversion between pressureless seepage and pressureless seepage by controlling the valve switch and the peristaltic pump speed, and the problem that the triaxial seepage test method is difficult to randomly convert between pressureless seepage and pressureless seepage is effectively solved.
(3) The invention can simulate the seepage condition of the shallow rock mass of the soft rock, has simple operation in the test process and reliable result, can simultaneously carry out seepage tests of a plurality of samples under different axial pressures and confining pressures when a plurality of seepage generating devices exist, can visually display the result, and effectively solves the problems of complex operation and high cost of the traditional triaxial seepage test method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a soft rock seepage simple test system under a low stress condition;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a seepage generating device in a soft rock seepage simple test system under the condition of low stress of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a circular impermeable steel sheet with circular holes in a soft rock seepage simple test system under a low stress condition of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a circular permeable steel sheet in a soft rock seepage simple test system under the low stress condition of the invention;
fig. 5 is a left side view of a vertical force bar in the soft rock seepage simple test system under the low stress condition of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 part of the workbench, 11 parts of the first layer of table top, 12 parts of the second layer of table top, 13 parts of the circular hole, 2 parts of the seepage generating device, 21 parts of the circular watertight steel plate, 211 parts of the axial pressure loading ring, 212 parts of the first watertight round hole, 22 parts of the circular watertight steel plate, 221 parts of the second watertight round hole, 23 parts of the watertight glue, 24 parts of the cylindrical soft rock sample, 25 parts of the watertight stone, 26 parts of the elastic rubber ring, 3 parts of the confining pressure loading system, 4 parts of the axial pressure loading system, 41 parts of the vertical supporting rod, 42 parts of the inclined force rod, 43 parts of the loading weight hanging disc, 44 parts of the resistance weight, 45 parts of the vertical force rod, 451 parts of the vertical hollow groove, 46 parts of the loading weight, 5 parts of the water supply system, 51 parts of the water supply box, 52 parts of the peristaltic pump, 53 parts of the pH regulator, 54 parts of the temperature controller, 55 parts of the water inlet pipe, 56 parts of the water outlet pipe, 57 parts of the pressure gauge, 58 parts of the valve, 61 parts of the lateral stress strain gauge, 62 parts of the axial stress strain gauge, 63 parts of the signal wire, 64 parts of the road bridge machine, 65 parts of the computer, 71 parts of the electronic balance, 71 parts of the water collector, and 72 parts of the electronic balance.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The simple test system for soft rock seepage under the condition of low stress is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a workbench 1, a seepage generating mechanism consisting of 4 seepage generating devices 2, 4 confining pressure loading systems 3, 1 shaft pressure loading system 4, 1 water supply system 5, 4 stress monitoring systems, 4 seepage measuring systems and a computer 65.
The workbench 1 consists of a first layer of table top 11 and a second layer of table top 12 which are arranged from top to bottom, round holes 13 with the same number as the first layer of table top 11 and the same number as the first layer of table top 2 are reserved according to the number of the seepage generating devices 2, and a round hole 13 with the same diameter as r is reserved on the right side of the second layer of table top 12.
As shown in fig. 2, the seepage generating device 2 is composed of a circular impermeable steel plate 21, two circular permeable steel plates 22, a cylindrical soft rock sample 24 and a permeable stone 25, the lower surface of the circular impermeable steel plate 21 is attached to the upper surface of one circular permeable steel plate 22, the lower surface of the circular permeable steel plate 22 is attached to the upper surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, the upper surface of the other circular permeable steel plate 22 is attached to the lower surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, the lower surface of the other circular permeable steel plate 22 is attached to the upper surface of the permeable stone 25, the lower surface of the permeable stone 25 is attached to the first layer table 11, and the center of the permeable stone 25 is aligned with the center of the corresponding circular hole 13 on the first layer table 11. As shown in fig. 3, a first water-permeable circular hole 212 and an axial pressure loading ring 211 sleeved outside the first water-permeable circular hole 212 are arranged at the center of the circular water-impermeable steel plate 21, and as shown in fig. 4, the circular water-permeable steel plate 22 is obtained by uniformly arranging second water-permeable circular holes 221 on a circular steel plate.
The invention sets the shape of the soft rock sample to be cylindrical because: the confining pressure is loaded into a cylindrical triaxial membrane, so that the shape of the soft rock sample can be adapted; and the side surface of the cylindrical sample cannot generate edges and corners, which is favorable for sealing waterproof glue, so that the shape of the soft rock sample is not suitable to be set into other shapes such as square.
The circular permeable steel plates 22 are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, and the circular permeable steel plates 22 can well bear larger pressure and well disperse axial pressure to the surface of the sample, so that moisture can uniformly infiltrate, and the real soft rock seepage condition can be better simulated. If the circular permeable steel plate 22 is not arranged, the loaded axial pressure does not have a good supporting body and a good transmitting body, the moisture infiltration effect is affected, and the situation of the seepage of the soft rock is greatly different from that of the true soft rock.
The permeable stone 25 is arranged below the circular permeable steel plate 22 on the lower surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, so that seepage water can be prevented from taking away particles in the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 into a weighing device, and the test result is prevented from being influenced.
The confining pressure loading system 3 is composed of n layers of elastic rubber rings 26 which are sequentially sleeved on the outer side of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, and the elastic rubber rings 26 of the first layer are bonded with the outer side wall (confining pressure acting end of the seepage generating device 2) of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 through waterproof glue 23. As shown in fig. 2, the elastomeric rubber ring 26 of the first layer is higher in height in order to distinguish it from the elastomeric rubber ring 26 that is wrapped behind. When the number of the elastic rubber rings 26 of the 4 confining pressure loading systems 3 is different, different confining pressure loading tests of different cylindrical soft rock samples 24 can be realized.
The water supply system 5 is composed of a water supply tank 51, a peristaltic pump 52, a pH regulator 53, a temperature controller 54, a water inlet pipe 55, a water outlet pipe 56, a pressure gauge 57 and a valve 58, wherein a water inlet of the peristaltic pump 52 is connected with the water supply tank 51 through the water inlet pipe 55, and a water outlet of the peristaltic pump is sequentially connected with the pH regulator 53, the temperature controller 54, the pressure gauge 57, a first permeable round hole 212 (a water inflow end of the seepage generating device 2) on the circular impermeable steel plate 21 of the seepage generating device 2, the valve 58 and the water supply tank 51 through the water outlet pipe 56, so that a circulation loop is formed.
The axial pressure loading system 4 consists of a vertical supporting rod 41, an inclined force rod 42, a loading weight hanging disc 43, a resistance weight 44 and a vertical force rod 45, wherein the vertical supporting rod 41 is fixed at the right end of the top of the first layer table top 11, namely, the right side of the seepage generating mechanism; the left end of the tilting force rod 42 is fixed with a loading weight hanging scaffold 43, and the right end thereof is fixed with a resistance weight 44. One end of the inclined force rod 42, which fixes the resistance weight 44, is rotatably connected with the upper portion of the vertical pole 41 by a movable bolt, and the resistance weight 44 is located on the right side of the vertical pole 41. The number of the vertical force rods 45 is equal to that of the seepage generating devices 2, the vertical force rods 45 are connected with the seepage generating devices 2 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, all the vertical force rods 45 are located between the vertical support rods 41 and the loading weight hanging scaffold 43, the upper part of each vertical force rod 45 is rotationally connected with the inclined force rod 42 through a movable bolt, and the bottom of each vertical force rod 45 is fixedly connected with an axial pressure loading ring 211 (an axial pressure acting end of the seepage generating device 2) on the round waterproof steel plate 21 of the seepage generating device 2 corresponding to the bottom of each vertical force rod 45.
As shown in fig. 5, the lower end portion of each vertical force rod 45 is provided with a vertical hollow groove 451 extending transversely therethrough, the height of the vertical hollow groove 451 is identical to the height of the water outlet pipe 56, the width thereof is identical to the outer diameter of the water outlet pipe 56, and the portion of the water outlet pipe 56 connected to the first water permeable circular hole 212 on the circular water impermeable steel plate 21 is located in the vertical hollow groove 451.
The stress-strain monitoring system consists of a lateral stress strain gauge 61, an axial stress strain gauge 62, a signal line 63 and a road bridge machine 64, wherein the lateral stress strain gauge 61 is attached to the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, and the center of the lateral stress strain gauge 61 is located at 1/2 height of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24. The axial stress strain gauge 62 is attached to the lower surface of the soft rock sample, the axial stress strain gauge 62 is located at the center of the bottom of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, the input ends of the road bridge machines 64 are respectively connected with the lateral stress strain gauge 61 and the signal output ends of the axial stress strain gauge 62 through signal wires 63, and the output ends of all the road bridge machines 64 are connected with a computer 65 through the signal wires 63.
The seepage flow measuring system consists of a water traction wire 71 and a water collector 72, wherein one end of the water traction wire 71 is connected with the central part (the water outflow end of the seepage flow generating device) of the water permeable stone 25 of the seepage flow generating device 2 through a circular hole 13 on the first layer table top 11, and the other end of the water traction wire 71 is contacted with the bottom of the water collector 72. An electronic balance 73 is provided on the second deck 12 for weighing the mass of the water collector 72.
The workbench 1 is made of materials with certain bearing capacity, such as steel materials, concrete and the like. The diameter r of the circular hole 13 is determined according to the actual situation.
The size of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 is obtained by multiplying or shrinking the size of the ring knife seepage test sample according to the multiple, so that the test result can be compared with the standard, and the sample preparation is convenient.
The elastic rubber ring 26 has a thickness of 0.3 to 0.5mm and an inner diameter corresponding to the diameter of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24. The inner diameter of the elastic rubber ring 26 is consistent with the diameter of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, so that the elastic force corresponding to the deformation amount of the elastic rubber ring is ensured to be the hoop stress suffered by the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, and the confining pressure suffered by the cylindrical soft rock sample is convenient to control. The thickness of the elastic rubber ring 26 is set to be 0.3-0.5 mm, because the elastic rubber ring 26 is too thick to perform cladding operation, and too thin to be small in circumferential strain of the elastic rubber ring 26 of the previous layer, the size of confining pressure is not easy to adjust through the number of layers. The invention can independently and easily control the confining pressure applied to the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 by setting the inner diameter of the elastic rubber ring 26 to be consistent with the diameter of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 and setting the proper thickness of the elastic rubber ring.
The application method of the soft rock seepage simple test system under the low stress condition specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: soft rock test preparation: the original rock is subjected to the procedures of drilling, coring, rock cutting, end face polishing and the like to prepare a cylindrical soft rock sample 24 with design requirements;
s2: installing a seepage generating device 2: placing a circular water impermeable steel plate 21, a circular water permeable steel plate 22 and a water permeable stone 25 on the upper and lower surfaces of a cylindrical soft rock sample 24 in order;
s3: confining pressure loading: uniformly brushing a layer of waterproof glue 23 on the outer side wall of a cylindrical soft rock sample 24, sleeving a first layer of elastic rubber ring 26, and sleeving different layers of elastic rubber rings 26 on the outer side surface of the first layer of elastic rubber ring 26 to achieve the confining pressure required by test design;
s4: loading shaft pressure: fixing the lower end of each vertical force rod 45 and the axial pressure loading ring 211 on the round water impermeable steel plate 21 of the seepage generating device 2 corresponding to the lower end, and then placing the loading weight 46 for loading the design weight into the loading weight hanging scaffold 43 so as to achieve the axial pressure required by the test design;
s5: controlling seepage: the peristaltic pump 52 is turned on, the pH value and the temperature of the seepage water are controlled through the pH regulator 53 and the temperature controller 54, and the pressure of the seepage water is controlled through the flow rate of the water outlet of the peristaltic pump 52 and the closing and opening of the valve 58;
s6: measuring seepage and detecting stress: at intervals, the water collector 72 is weighed by the electronic balance 73, the mass of the water collector is recorded, the computer 65 is turned on, strain signals of the lateral stress strain gauge 61 and the axial stress strain gauge 62 are collected through the road bridge machine 64, and the stress change of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 is monitored in real time.
The invention can simulate the seepage condition of the shallow rock mass of the soft rock and complete the seepage characteristic test of the soft rock under low stress with or without pressure. Based on the lever principle, the axial pressure loading system 4 is formed by modifying the lever, and the axial pressure on the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 can be accurately controlled by changing the mass of the loading weight 46; by adding different layers of elastic rubber rings 26, the elastic rubber rings 26 are radially deformed, so that radial stress is generated, the effect of loading confining pressure to the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 is achieved, and the confining pressure calculation formula is sigma m ＝E m ε r Wherein sigma m For hoop stress, E m The elastic modulus of the elastic rubber ring 26, ε r The separate loading of the confining pressure and the axial pressure can accurately control the ratio of the confining pressure to the axial pressure in order to obtain the annular strain, i.e. the product of the number of layers of the elastic rubber ring 26 and the thickness thereof, as a percentage of the diameter of the soft rock sample.
Through the circulating water supply system 5, a stable seepage head can be provided, when the valve 88 is closed, the peristaltic pump 52 is used for continuously supplying water, the permeation rate of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 is small, the water flow in the water outlet pipe 56 is jammed, the water pressure is increased, the pressurized seepage control effect is achieved, and the water supply rate of the peristaltic pump 52 and the opening and closing of the valve 58 can be regulated, so that the water pressure is stable; when the valve 58 is opened, water flows into the water supply tank 51 in a circulating way, and at the moment, water in the water outlet pipe 56 is pressureless, so that the device can achieve any conversion between pressureless seepage and pressureless seepage by controlling the switch of the valve 58 and the speed of the peristaltic pump 52.
According to the invention, the axial loading force applied to each vertical upright rod 45 in the axial pressure loading system 4 is different, and the confining pressure on each cylindrical soft rock sample 24 can be independently controlled, so that the seepage test of a plurality of samples under different axial pressures and confining pressures can be performed.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The simple soft rock seepage test system under the low-stress condition is characterized by comprising a seepage generating mechanism formed by at least one seepage generating device (2), a confining pressure loading system (3), a shaft pressure loading system (4), a water supply system (5), a stress monitoring system and a seepage measuring system;
the confining pressure loading system (3) is connected with the confining pressure acting end of the seepage generating device (2), and the axial pressure loading system (4) is connected with the axial pressure acting end of the seepage generating device (2); the water supply system (5) is connected with the moisture inflow end of the seepage generating device (2); the stress monitoring system is respectively connected with the confining pressure acting end and the axial pressure acting end of the seepage generating device (2); the seepage flow measuring system is connected with the water outflow end of the seepage flow generating device (2);
the seepage generating device (2) consists of a circular watertight steel plate (21), two circular watertight steel plates (22), a cylindrical soft rock sample (24) and a watertight stone (25); the lower surface of the circular waterproof steel plate (21) is attached to the upper surface of one circular waterproof steel plate (22), the lower surface of the circular waterproof steel plate (22) is attached to the upper surface of a cylindrical soft rock sample (24), the lower surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24) is attached to the upper surface of the other circular waterproof steel plate (22), and the lower surface of the other circular waterproof steel plate (22) is attached to the upper surface of a waterproof stone (25);
a first water-permeable round hole (212) and a shaft pressure loading ring (211) sleeved outside the first water-permeable round hole (212) are arranged at the center of the circular water-impermeable steel plate (21);
the axial pressure loading system (4) consists of a vertical supporting rod (41), an inclined force rod (42), a loading weight hanging disc (43), a resistance weight (44) and at least one vertical force rod (45); the vertical support rod (41) is positioned at one side of the seepage generating mechanism; one end of the inclined force rod (42) is fixed with a loading weight hanging scaffold (43), the other end of the inclined force rod is fixed with a resistance weight (44), one end of the inclined force rod (42) for fixing the resistance weight (44) is rotatably connected with the upper part of the vertical support rod (41), and the resistance weight (44) is positioned on the outer side of the vertical support rod (41); the number of the vertical force rods (45) is equal to that of the seepage generating devices (2), and the vertical force rods and the seepage generating devices are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner; all vertical force rods (45) are positioned between the vertical support rods (41) and the loading weight hanging scaffold (43), the top of each vertical force rod (45) is rotationally connected with the inclined force rod (42), and the bottom of each vertical force rod (45) is fixedly connected with an axial pressure loading ring (211) on a circular watertight steel plate (21) of the seepage generating device (2) corresponding to the bottom of each vertical force rod;
the lower end part of each vertical force rod (45) is provided with a vertical hollow groove (451) which transversely penetrates through the vertical force rod, the height of the vertical hollow groove (451) is consistent with the height of the water outlet pipe (56), the width of the vertical hollow groove is consistent with the outer diameter of the water outlet pipe (56), and the part, connected with a first water permeable round hole (212) on the round water impermeable steel plate (21), of the water outlet pipe (56) is positioned in the vertical hollow groove (451);
the confining pressure loading systems (3) are equal in number to the seepage generating devices (2) and are connected in one-to-one correspondence; each confining pressure loading system (3) consists of n layers of elastic rubber rings (26) which are sequentially sleeved on the outer side wall of a cylindrical soft rock sample (24) of a seepage generating device (2) corresponding to the confining pressure loading system, and the elastic rubber rings (26) of the first layer are fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24) through waterproof glue (23);
the thickness of the elastic rubber ring (26) is 0.3-0.5 mm, and the inner diameter of the elastic rubber ring is consistent with the diameter of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24).
2. The soft rock seepage simple test system under the low stress condition according to claim 1, wherein the water supply system (5) consists of a water supply tank (51), a peristaltic pump (52), a pH regulator (53), a temperature controller (54), a water inlet pipe (55), a water outlet pipe (56), a pressure gauge (57) and a valve (58); the water inlet of the peristaltic pump (52) is connected with the water supply tank (51) through the water inlet pipe (55), and the water outlet of the peristaltic pump is sequentially connected with the pH regulator (53), the temperature controller (54), the pressure gauge (57), the first permeable round hole (212) on the round impermeable steel plate (21) of each seepage generating device (2), the valve (58) and the water supply tank (51) through the water outlet pipe (56), so as to form a circulation loop.
3. The soft rock seepage simple test system under the low-stress condition according to claim 1, wherein the stress-strain monitoring system is equal to the confining pressure loading system (3) and the axial pressure loading system (4) in number and is in one-to-one correspondence connection with the confining pressure loading system (3) and the axial pressure loading system (4);
the stress-strain monitoring system consists of a lateral stress strain gauge (61), an axial stress strain gauge (62), a signal wire (63) and a road bridge machine (64); the lateral stress strain gauge (61) is attached to the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24) of the seepage generating device (2) corresponding to the lateral stress strain gauge, and the center of the lateral stress strain gauge (61) is positioned at 1/2 height of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24); the axial stress strain gage (62) is attached to the lower surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24), and the axial stress strain gage (62) is positioned at the bottom center of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24); the input ends of the road bridge machines (64) are respectively connected with the signal output ends of the lateral stress strain gauge (61) and the axial stress strain gauge (62) through signal wires (63), and the output ends of all the road bridge machines (64) are connected with a computer (65) through the signal wires (63);
the seepage flow measuring system is equal to the seepage flow generating devices (2) in number and connected in one-to-one correspondence; the seepage flow measuring system consists of a water traction wire (71) and a water collector (72), wherein one end of the water traction wire (71) is contacted with the bottom of the water collector (72), and the other end of the water traction wire is connected with a water permeable stone (25) of a seepage flow generating device (2) corresponding to the water traction wire.
4. A soft rock seepage simple test system under a low stress condition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a workbench (1), wherein the workbench (1) consists of a first layer of table top (11) and a second layer of table top (12) which are arranged from top to bottom;
the first layer of table top (11) is provided with round holes (13) the number of which is equal to that of the seepage generating devices (2);
the lower surface of the permeable stone (25) of the seepage generating device (2) is attached to the first layer of table top (11), and the circle center of each permeable stone (25) is aligned with the circle center of the corresponding circular hole (13);
one end of the water traction wire (71) is contacted with the bottom of the water collector (72) positioned on the second layer of table top (12), and the other end of the water traction wire is connected with the center of the permeable stone (25) through the circular hole (13) on the first layer of table top (11);
the lower part of the vertical supporting rod (41) is fixed on the first layer of table top (11);
an electronic balance (73) is further arranged on the second layer of table surface (12).
5. The method for using the soft rock seepage simple test system under the low stress condition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1: preparing a soft rock sample: the raw rock is processed into a required cylindrical soft rock sample (24) through the procedures of drilling and coring, rock cutting and end face polishing;
s2: installing a seepage generating device (2): a circular watertight steel plate (21), a circular watertight steel plate (22) and a watertight stone (25) are sequentially arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of a cylindrical soft rock sample (24);
s3: loading confining pressure: uniformly brushing a layer of waterproof glue (23) on the outer side wall of a cylindrical soft rock sample (24), sleeving a first layer of elastic rubber ring (26), and sleeving elastic rubber rings (26) with different layers on the periphery of the first layer of elastic rubber ring (26) so as to achieve the confining pressure required by test design;
s4: loading shaft pressure: fixing the lower end of each vertical force rod (45) and an axial pressure loading ring (211) on a circular watertight steel plate (21) of a seepage generating device (2) corresponding to the lower end, and then placing a loading weight (46) for loading design weight into a loading weight hanging scaffold (43) so as to achieve the axial pressure required by test design;
s5: controlling seepage: opening a peristaltic pump (52), controlling the pH value and the temperature of the seepage water through a pH regulator (53) and a temperature controller (54), and controlling the pressure of the seepage water;
s6: measuring seepage and detecting stress: at intervals, the water collector (72) is weighed by an electronic balance (73) and the mass of the water collector is recorded, a computer (65) is opened, strain signals of the lateral stress strain gauge (61) and the axial stress strain gauge (62) are collected through a road bridge machine (64), and the stress change of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24) is monitored in real time.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step S5 is performed by controlling the pressure of the seepage by the flow rate of the water outlet of the peristaltic pump (52) and the closing and opening of the valve (58).
7. The method for using a soft rock seepage simple test system under the low stress condition according to claim 5, wherein the confining pressure loaded in the step S3 is as follows:
σ m ＝E m ε r ；
wherein sigma m The circumferential stress is the confining pressure; e (E) m The elastic modulus of the elastic rubber ring (26); epsilon r The annular strain is the product of the number of layers of an elastic rubber ring (26) sleeved on the outer side wall of a cylindrical soft rock sample (24) and the thickness of the elastic rubber ring, and the product is the percentage of the diameter of the soft rock sample (24).
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