CN210571865U - Soft rock seepage simple test system under low stress condition - Google Patents
Soft rock seepage simple test system under low stress condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN210571865U CN210571865U CN201921153155.3U CN201921153155U CN210571865U CN 210571865 U CN210571865 U CN 210571865U CN 201921153155 U CN201921153155 U CN 201921153155U CN 210571865 U CN210571865 U CN 210571865U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a simple test system for soft rock seepage under a low stress condition, which comprises a seepage generating device, a confining pressure loading system, an axial pressure loading system, a water supply system, a stress monitoring system and a seepage flow measuring system; the confining pressure loading system is connected with a confining pressure action end of the seepage generating device, and the axial pressure loading system is connected with an axial pressure action end of the seepage generating device; the water supply system is connected with the water inflow end of the seepage generating device; the stress monitoring system is connected with a confining pressure action end and an axial pressure action end of the seepage generating device; the seepage flow measuring system is connected with the water outflow end of the seepage flow generating device. When the seepage control device is used, original rock is firstly made into a cylindrical soft rock sample, the seepage generating device is installed, confining pressure and axial pressure are applied to the cylindrical soft rock sample of the seepage generating device through the confining pressure loading system and the axial pressure loading system, and finally seepage control, seepage measurement and stress detection are carried out. And the confining pressure and the axial pressure are loaded separately, so that the ratio of the confining pressure to the axial pressure can be accurately controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to rock mechanics and engineering field relate to a simple and easy test system of soft rock seepage flow under the low stress condition.
Background
Research shows that under the action of rainfall or other water environment changes, water migrates and seeps in the soft rock, physical, chemical and mechanical comprehensive reactions of different degrees are generated, and finally the soft rock structure is damaged, the strength is reduced or lost, which is one of the important reasons for instability of the soft rock slope. In order to reveal the destruction mechanism of the soft rock in the water environment, a large number of scholars research the seepage characteristics of the soft rock.
At present, two methods, namely a numerical simulation method and a test research method, are mainly used for researching the seepage characteristics of the soft rock, wherein the numerical simulation method can be used for simulating and calculating the large-size soft rock slope, but the real situation cannot be simulated due to the complex parameters during calculation, numerous assumed conditions and the like, and the calculation result is not accurate enough. The existing test method mainly adopts a modified triaxial seepage test method, which can obtain a relatively accurate result, but still has the defects that:
1. the requirement on test conditions is high, a relatively advanced triaxial seepage test instrument is required, the operation is complex, and the cost is high;
2. because the triaxial sample is completely wrapped by the confining pressure loading liquid and the stress in the axial pressure direction is the sum of the axial loading force and the confining pressure loading liquid loading stress, the axial pressure and the confining pressure are unequal, namely the ratio of the axial pressure to the confining pressure is difficult to control;
3. generally, only two conditions of non-pressure or pressure seepage are considered separately, and random conversion between pressure seepage and non-pressure seepage is difficult, so that the actual condition is simulated better.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a simple and easy test system of soft rock seepage under the low stress condition to solve current triaxial seepage test method axle pressure and confined pressure ratio problem that is difficult to control, the operation is complicated, with big costs, and current triaxial seepage test method is difficult to the problem of having had the arbitrary conversion between pressure seepage and non-pressure seepage.
The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is that the soft rock seepage simple test system under the low stress condition comprises a seepage generation mechanism, a confining pressure loading system, an axial pressure loading system, a water supply system, a stress monitoring system and a seepage flow measurement system, wherein the seepage generation mechanism is composed of at least one seepage generation device;
the confining pressure loading system is connected with a confining pressure action end of the seepage generating device, and the axial pressure loading system is connected with an axial pressure action end of the seepage generating device; the water supply system is connected with the water inflow end of the seepage generating device; the stress monitoring system is respectively connected with the confining pressure action end of the seepage generating device and the axial pressure action end of the seepage generating device; the seepage flow measuring system is connected with the water outflow end of the seepage flow generating device.
Further, the seepage generating device consists of a round impermeable steel plate, two round permeable steel plates, a cylindrical soft rock sample and a permeable stone; the lower surface of the round impermeable steel plate is attached to the upper surface of one round permeable steel plate, the lower surface of the round permeable steel plate is attached to the upper surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample, the lower surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample is attached to the upper surface of the other round permeable steel plate, and the lower surface of the other round permeable steel plate is attached to the upper surface of the permeable stone;
the center position of the round impermeable steel plate is provided with a first permeable round hole and an axial compression loading ring sleeved outside the first permeable round hole.
Furthermore, the confining pressure loading system and the seepage generating devices are equal in number and are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner; each confining pressure loading system consists of n layers of elastic rubber rings which are sequentially sleeved on the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample of the seepage generating device corresponding to the n layers of confining pressure loading systems, and the elastic rubber ring of the first layer is fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample through waterproof glue;
the thickness of the elastic rubber ring is 0.3-0.5 mm, and the inner diameter of the elastic rubber ring is consistent with the diameter of the cylindrical soft rock sample.
Furthermore, the water supply system consists of a water supply tank, a peristaltic pump, a pH regulator, a temperature controller, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a pressure gauge and a valve; the water inlet of the peristaltic pump is connected with the water supply tank through a water inlet pipe, and the water outlet of the peristaltic pump is sequentially connected with the pH regulator, the temperature controller, the pressure gauge, the first permeable round hole on the round impermeable steel plate of each seepage generating device, the valve and the water supply tank through a water outlet pipe to form a circulation loop.
Furthermore, the axial compression loading system consists of a vertical support rod, an inclined force rod, a loading weight hanging scaffold, a resistance weight and at least one vertical force rod; the vertical supporting rod is positioned on one side of the seepage generating mechanism; one end of the inclined force rod is fixed with a loading weight hanging scaffold, the other end of the inclined force rod is fixed with a resistance weight, one end of the inclined force rod, which is used for fixing the resistance weight, is rotatably connected with the upper part of the vertical supporting rod, and the resistance weight is positioned on the outer side of the vertical supporting rod; the number of the vertical force rods is equal to that of the seepage generating devices, and the vertical force rods and the seepage generating devices are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner; all the vertical force rods are positioned between the vertical support rod and the loading weight hanging scaffold, the top of each vertical force rod is rotatably connected with the inclined force rod, and the bottom of each vertical force rod is fixedly connected with a shaft pressure loading ring on a circular impervious steel plate of the seepage generation device corresponding to the vertical force rod;
the lower end part of each vertical force rod is provided with a vertical hollow groove transversely penetrating through the vertical force rod, the height of each vertical hollow groove is consistent with that of the water outlet pipe, the width of each vertical hollow groove is consistent with the outer diameter of the water outlet pipe, and the part of the water outlet pipe, which is connected with the first water-permeable round hole in the round water-impermeable steel plate, is positioned in the vertical hollow groove.
Furthermore, the stress-strain monitoring systems are equal in number to the confining pressure loading systems and the axial pressure loading systems and are connected with the confining pressure loading systems and the axial pressure loading systems in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the stress-strain monitoring system consists of a lateral stress strain gauge, an axial stress strain gauge, a signal line and a road bridge machine; the lateral stress strain gauge is attached to the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample of the seepage generating device corresponding to the lateral stress strain gauge, and the center of the lateral stress strain gauge is positioned at the 1/2 height of the cylindrical soft rock sample; the axial stress strain gauge is attached to the lower surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample, and the axial stress strain gauge is positioned at the center of the bottom of the cylindrical soft rock sample; the input ends of the bridge machines are respectively connected with the signal output ends of the lateral stress strain gauges and the axial stress strain gauges through signal lines, and the output ends of all the bridge machines are connected with a computer through signal lines;
the seepage flow measuring system and the seepage flow generating devices are equal in number and are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the seepage flow measuring system consists of a moisture traction line and a water collector, wherein one end of the moisture traction line is contacted with the bottom of the water collector, and the other end of the moisture traction line is connected with the permeable stone of the corresponding seepage flow generating device.
Further, the simple soft rock seepage test system under the low stress condition further comprises a workbench, wherein the workbench consists of a first layer of table top and a second layer of table top which are arranged from top to bottom;
circular holes with the number equal to that of the seepage generating devices are arranged on the first layer table top;
the lower surface of the permeable stone of the seepage generating device is attached to the first layer of table top, and the circle center of each permeable stone is aligned with the circle center of the corresponding round hole;
one end of the moisture traction line is in contact with the bottom of the water collector on the second layer of table surface, and the other end of the moisture traction line is connected with the center of the permeable stone through a round hole on the first layer of table surface;
the lower part of the vertical supporting rod is fixed on the first layer of table top;
and an electronic balance is further arranged on the second-layer table top.
The utility model has the advantages that:
(1) on the basis of a lever principle, a lever is reformed to form a shaft pressure loading system, and the shaft pressure on the cylindrical soft rock sample can be accurately controlled by changing the mass of a loading weight; through increasing the elastic rubber circle of the different number of piles for the elastic rubber circle takes place radial deformation, thereby produces radial stress, reaches the effect to cylindrical soft rock sample loading confining pressure, and its confining pressure computational formula is sigmam＝EmεrWhere σ ismIs hoop stress, EmIs the elastic modulus, epsilon, of the elastic rubber ringrThe ratio of confining pressure to axial pressure can be accurately controlled by separately loading confining pressure and axial pressure for the percentage of the circumferential strain, namely the product of the number of layers of the elastic rubber ring and the diameter of the soft rock sample, and the problem that the ratio of the axial pressure to the confining pressure of a triaxial seepage test method is difficult to control is effectively solved.
(2) When the valve is closed, because the peristaltic pump continuously supplies water and the permeation rate of the cylindrical soft rock sample is low, water flow in the pipe is blocked, so that the water pressure rises, a pressure seepage control effect is achieved, and the water pressure can be stabilized by adjusting the size of the valve and the water supply rate of the peristaltic pump; when the valve is opened, water flows circularly flow into the water supply tank, and at the moment, the water flow in the water pipe is non-pressure flow, so that the device achieves the random conversion between non-pressure seepage and pressure seepage by controlling the valve switch and the peristaltic pump speed, and effectively solves the problem that the triaxial seepage test method is difficult to randomly convert between pressure seepage and non-pressure seepage.
(3) The utility model discloses can simulate the seepage flow condition of soft rock shallow rock mass, test process easy operation, the result is reliable, has when a plurality ofly at seepage flow generating device, can carry out the seepage flow test of a plurality of samples under different axle load and the confined pressure condition simultaneously to but visual display result has effectively solved the problem that current triaxial seepage flow test method operation is complicated, with high costs.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the soft rock seepage simple test system under low stress conditions of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a seepage generating device in the simple soft rock seepage test system under low stress conditions of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a circular impervious steel plate with a circular hole in the simple soft rock seepage test system under low stress conditions of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a circular permeable steel plate in the simple soft rock seepage test system under low stress conditions of the present invention;
fig. 5 is the left side view of the vertical force rod in the soft rock seepage simple test system under the low stress condition of the utility model.
In the figure, 1, a workbench, 11, a first layer table top, 12, a second layer table top, 13, a circular hole, 2, a seepage generating device, 21, a circular waterproof steel plate, 211, an axial pressure loading ring, 212, a first water-permeable round hole, 22, a circular water-permeable steel plate, 221, a second water-permeable round hole, 23, waterproof glue, 24, a cylindrical soft rock sample, 25, a water-permeable stone, 26, an elastic rubber ring, 3, a confining pressure loading system, 4, an axial pressure loading system, 41, a vertical support rod, 42, an inclined force rod, 43, a loading weight hanging disc, 44, a resistance weight, 45, a vertical force rod, 451, a vertical hollow groove, 46, a loading weight, 5, a water supply system, 51, a water supply tank, 52, a peristaltic pump, 53.pH regulator, 54, a temperature controller, 55, a water inlet pipe, 56, a water outlet pipe, 57, a pressure gauge, 58, a valve, 61, a lateral stress sheet, 62, an axial stress sheet, 63. signal line, 64 bridge machine, 65 computer, 71 moisture traction line, 72 water collector, 73 electronic balance.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
A simple test system for soft rock seepage under a low stress condition is shown in figure 1 and comprises a workbench 1, a seepage generation mechanism consisting of 4 seepage generation devices 2, 4 confining pressure loading systems 3, 1 axial pressure loading system 4, 1 water supply system 5, 4 stress monitoring systems, 4 seepage flow measurement systems and a computer 65.
The workbench 1 is composed of a first layer of table top 11 and a second layer of table top 12 which are arranged from top to bottom, round holes 13 with the same number and the same diameter as the seepage generating devices 2 are reserved on the first layer of table top 11 according to the number of the seepage generating devices 2, and a round hole 13 with the diameter of r is also reserved on the right side of the second layer of table top 12.
As shown in fig. 2, the seepage generating device 2 is composed of a circular impermeable steel plate 21, two circular permeable steel plates 22, a cylindrical soft rock sample 24 and a permeable stone 25, wherein the lower surface of the circular impermeable steel plate 21 is attached to the upper surface of one circular permeable steel plate 22, the lower surface of the circular permeable steel plate 22 is attached to the upper surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, the upper surface of the other circular permeable steel plate 22 is attached to the lower surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, the lower surface of the other circular permeable steel plate 22 is attached to the upper surface of the permeable stone 25, the lower surface of the permeable stone 25 is attached to the first layer table top 11, and the center of the permeable stone 25 is aligned with the center of the corresponding circular hole 13 on the first layer table top 11. As shown in fig. 3, the center of the circular impermeable steel plate 21 is provided with a first permeable circular hole 212 and an axial compression loading ring 211 sleeved outside the first permeable circular hole 212, and as shown in fig. 4, the circular permeable steel plate 22 is obtained by uniformly arranging second permeable circular holes 221 on a circular steel plate.
The utility model discloses it is cylindrical because to set up soft rock sample shape: the confining pressure loading is a cylindrical triaxial membrane, and can adapt to the shape of a soft rock sample; and the side of the cylindrical sample can not generate edges and corners, which is beneficial to sealing waterproof glue, so that the shape of the soft rock sample is not suitable to be set into other shapes such as square.
The round permeable steel plates 22 are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, so that the round permeable steel plates 22 can bear large pressure well, axial pressure can be dispersed on the surface of the sample well, moisture can permeate evenly, and real soft rock seepage conditions can be simulated better. If the round permeable steel plate 22 is not arranged, the loaded axial pressure has no good bearing body and transmission body, the water infiltration effect is influenced, and the situation is greatly different from the real soft rock seepage situation.
The permeable stone 25 is arranged below the round permeable steel plate 22 on the lower surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, so that seepage water can be prevented from taking away particles in the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 to enter a weighing device, and the test result is influenced.
The confining pressure loading system 3 is composed of n layers of elastic rubber rings 26 sequentially sleeved on the outer side of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, and the elastic rubber rings 26 on the first layer are bonded with the outer side wall (confining pressure acting end of the seepage flow generating device 2) of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 through waterproof glue 23. As shown in fig. 2, the first layer of elastomeric rubber ring 26 is of a higher height in order to distinguish it from the later wrapped elastomeric rubber ring 26. When the number of the elastic rubber rings 26 of the 4 confining pressure loading systems 3 is different, different confining pressure loading tests on different cylindrical soft rock samples 24 can be realized.
The water supply system 5 is composed of a water supply tank 51, a peristaltic pump 52, a pH regulator 53, a temperature controller 54, a water inlet pipe 55, a water outlet pipe 56, a pressure gauge 57 and a valve 58, wherein the water inlet of the peristaltic pump 52 is connected with the water supply tank 51 through the water inlet pipe 55, and the water outlet thereof is sequentially connected with the pH regulator 53, the temperature controller 54, the pressure gauge 57, a first water permeable round hole 212 (the water inflow end of the seepage generation device 2) on the round impermeable steel plate 21 of the seepage generation device 2, the valve 58 and the water supply tank 51 through the water outlet pipe 56, so that a circulation loop is formed.
The axial compression loading system 4 consists of a vertical support rod 41, an inclined force rod 42, a loading weight hanging scaffold 43, a resistance weight 44 and a vertical force rod 45, wherein the vertical support rod 41 is fixed at the right end of the top of the first layer of table top 11, namely the right side of the seepage generating mechanism; the left end of the tilt force lever 42 is fixed with a loading weight hanging scaffold 43, and the right end is fixed with a resistance weight 44. One end of the tilting force rod 42, which fixes the resistance weight 44, is rotatably connected to the upper portion of the vertical support rod 41 by a movable bolt, and the resistance weight 44 is located on the right side of the vertical support rod 41. The number of the vertical force rods 45 is equal to that of the seepage generating devices 2, the vertical force rods are connected with the seepage generating devices 2 in a one-to-one correspondence mode, all the vertical force rods 45 are located between the vertical supporting rod 41 and the loading weight hanging scaffold 43, the upper portion of each vertical force rod 45 is rotatably connected with the inclined force rod 42 through a movable bolt, and the bottom of each vertical force rod 45 is fixedly connected with a shaft pressure loading ring 211 (a shaft pressure acting end of the seepage generating device 2) on the round impervious steel plate 21 of the seepage generating device 2 corresponding to the vertical force rod.
As shown in fig. 5, the lower end portion of each vertical force lever 45 is provided with a vertical hollow groove 451 transversely penetrating therethrough, the height of the vertical hollow groove 451 is identical to the height of the outlet pipe 56, the width thereof is identical to the outer diameter of the outlet pipe 56, and the portion of the outlet pipe 56 connected to the first water-permeable circular hole 212 of the circular watertight steel plate 21 is located in the vertical hollow groove 451.
The stress-strain monitoring system consists of a lateral stress-strain gauge 61, an axial stress-strain gauge 62, a signal wire 63 and a bridge crane 64, wherein the lateral stress-strain gauge 61 is attached to the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, and the center of the lateral stress-strain gauge 61 is positioned at 1/2 height of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24. The axial stress strain gauge 62 is attached to the lower surface of the soft rock sample, the axial stress strain gauge 62 is located at the center of the bottom of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, the input end of the road and bridge machine 64 is connected with the signal output ends of the lateral stress strain gauge 61 and the axial stress strain gauge 62 through signal lines 63, and the output ends of all the road and bridge machines 64 are connected with the computer 65 through the signal lines 63.
The seepage flow measuring system consists of a moisture traction line 71 and a water collector 72, wherein one end of the moisture traction line 71 is connected with the central part (the moisture outflow end of the seepage generating device) of the permeable stone 25 of the seepage generating device 2 through a circular hole 13 on the first layer table-board 11, and the other end of the moisture traction line is contacted with the bottom of the water collector 72. An electronic balance 73 is arranged on the second-layer table surface 12 and used for weighing the mass of the water collector 72.
The working table 1 should be made of steel or concrete and other materials with certain bearing capacity. The diameter r of the circular hole 13 is determined according to actual conditions.
The size of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 is obtained by amplifying or reducing the size of the ring cutter seepage test sample according to multiple times, so that the test result can be compared with the standard, and the sample preparation is convenient.
The thickness of the elastic rubber ring 26 is 0.3-0.5 mm, and the inner diameter of the elastic rubber ring is consistent with the diameter of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24. The inner diameter of the elastic rubber ring 26 is consistent with the diameter of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, and the elastic force corresponding to the deformation quantity is guaranteed to be the hoop stress of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, so that the confining pressure of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 is convenient to control. The thickness that sets up elastic rubber circle 26 is 0.3~0.5mm because elastic rubber circle 26 is too thick to carry out the cladding operation, and it is too little to the hoop strain of the elastic rubber circle 26 of previous layer too thin, is difficult for adjusting the size of confining pressure through its number of piles. The utility model discloses an internal diameter that sets up elastic rubber circle 26 is unanimous with cylindrical soft rock sample 24's diameter size to set for its suitable thickness, make the confined pressure that can be alone and comparatively easy cylindrical soft rock sample 24 of control received.
The use method of the soft rock seepage simple test system under the low stress condition specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a soft rock test: the original rock is processed by the procedures of drilling and coring, rock cutting, end surface polishing and the like to prepare a cylindrical soft rock sample 24 with the design requirement;
s2: installing a seepage generating device 2: placing a round impermeable steel plate 21, a round permeable steel plate 22 and a permeable stone 25 on the upper and lower surfaces of a cylindrical soft rock sample 24 in sequence;
s3: confining pressure loading: uniformly coating a layer of waterproof glue 23 on the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24, then sleeving the first layer of elastic rubber ring 26, and sleeving the outer side surface of the first layer of elastic rubber ring 26 with different layers of elastic rubber rings 26 to achieve the confining pressure required by the test design;
s4: loading axial pressure: fixing the lower end of each vertical force rod 45 with the corresponding axial pressure loading ring 211 on the circular impervious steel plate 21 of the seepage generation device 2, and then putting the loading weight 46 loaded with the designed weight into the loading weight hanging scaffold 43 to achieve the axial pressure required by the test design;
s5: controlling seepage: the peristaltic pump 52 is opened, the pH value and the temperature of the seepage water are controlled through the pH regulator 53 and the temperature controller 54, and the seepage pressure is controlled through the flow rate of the water outlet of the peristaltic pump 52 and the closing and opening of the valve 58;
s6: measuring seepage flow and detecting stress: at intervals, the water collector 72 is weighed by an electronic balance 73, the mass of the water collector is recorded, the computer 65 is started, strain signals of the lateral stress strain gauge 61 and the axial stress strain gauge 62 are collected through the road and bridge machine 64, and the stress change of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 is monitored in real time.
The utility model discloses can simulate the seepage flow condition of soft rock shallow rock mass, accomplish soft rock and have pressure and non-pressure seepage flow characteristic test under the low stress. On the basis of the lever principle, a shaft pressure loading system 4 is formed by modifying the lever, and the shaft pressure on the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 can be accurately controlled by changing the mass of the loading weight 46; by adding the elastic rubber rings 26 with different layers, the elastic rubber rings 26 are radially deformed to generate radial stress, so that the effect of loading confining pressure on the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 is achieved, and the confining pressure calculation formula is sigmam＝EmεrWhere σ ismIs hoop stress, EmIs the elastic modulus, ε, of the elastic rubber ring 26rThe ratio of confining pressure to axial pressure can be accurately controlled by separately loading confining pressure and axial pressure, wherein the percentage of the circumferential strain, namely the product of the number of layers of the elastic rubber ring 26 and the thickness of the elastic rubber ring, to the diameter of the soft rock sample.
When the valve 88 is closed, because the peristaltic pump 52 continuously supplies water and the permeation rate of the cylindrical soft rock sample 24 is low, water flow in the water outlet pipe 56 is blocked, so that water pressure rises, a pressure seepage control effect is achieved, and the on-off of the adjusting valve 58 and the water supply rate of the peristaltic pump 52 can be stable; when the valve 58 is opened, the water flows circularly into the water supply tank 51, and at the same time, the water flow in the water outlet pipe 56 is non-pressure flow, so that the device achieves the arbitrary conversion between non-pressure flow and pressure seepage flow by controlling the opening and closing of the valve 58 and the speed of the peristaltic pump 52.
The utility model discloses because of the axial loading power variation in size that every vertical pole setting 45 received in the axle load system 4, and the confining pressure on every cylindrical soft rock sample 24 all can carry out the independent control, consequently can carry out the seepage flow test of a plurality of samples under different axle loads and the confining pressure condition.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The simple test system for the soft rock seepage under the low stress condition is characterized by comprising a seepage generating mechanism, a confining pressure loading system (3), an axial pressure loading system (4), a water supply system (5), a stress monitoring system and a seepage flow measuring system, wherein the seepage generating mechanism is composed of at least one seepage generating device (2);
the confining pressure loading system (3) is connected with a confining pressure action end of the seepage generating device (2), and the axial pressure loading system (4) is connected with an axial pressure action end of the seepage generating device (2); the water supply system (5) is connected with the water inflow end of the seepage generating device (2); the stress monitoring system is respectively connected with the confining pressure action end of the seepage generating device (2) and the axial pressure action end thereof; the seepage flow measuring system is connected with the water outflow end of the seepage flow generating device (2).
2. The soft rock seepage simple test system under low stress condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seepage generating device (2) is composed of a circular watertight steel plate (21), two circular pervious steel plates (22), a cylindrical soft rock sample (24) and a pervious stone (25); the lower surface of the round water-impermeable steel plate (21) is attached to the upper surface of one round water-permeable steel plate (22), the lower surface of the round water-permeable steel plate (22) is attached to the upper surface of a cylindrical soft rock sample (24), the lower surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24) is attached to the upper surface of the other round water-permeable steel plate (22), and the lower surface of the other round water-permeable steel plate (22) is attached to the upper surface of a permeable stone (25);
the center position of the round impermeable steel plate (21) is provided with a first permeable round hole (212) and a shaft pressure loading ring (211) sleeved outside the first permeable round hole (212).
3. The soft rock seepage simple test system under the low stress condition of claim 2, wherein the confining pressure loading system (3) and the seepage generating devices (2) are equal in number and are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner; each confining pressure loading system (3) is composed of n layers of elastic rubber rings (26) which are sequentially sleeved on the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24) of the seepage flow generating device (2) corresponding to the confining pressure loading system, and the elastic rubber ring (26) of the first layer is fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24) through waterproof glue (23);
the thickness of the elastic rubber ring (26) is 0.3-0.5 mm, and the inner diameter of the elastic rubber ring is consistent with the diameter of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24).
4. The soft rock seepage simple test system under the low stress condition of claim 2, wherein the water supply system (5) consists of a water supply tank (51), a peristaltic pump (52), a pH regulator (53), a temperature controller (54), a water inlet pipe (55), a water outlet pipe (56), a pressure gauge (57) and a valve (58); the water inlet of the peristaltic pump (52) is connected with the water supply tank (51) through a water inlet pipe (55), and the water outlet thereof is sequentially connected with a pH regulator (53), a temperature controller (54), a pressure gauge (57), a first water-permeable round hole (212) on the round water-impermeable steel plate (21) of each seepage generating device (2), a valve (58) and the water supply tank (51) through a water outlet pipe (56) to form a circulation loop.
5. The soft rock seepage simple test system under low stress condition of claim 4, wherein the axial compression loading system (4) is composed of a vertical support rod (41), an inclined force rod (42), a loading weight hanging scaffold (43), a resistance weight (44) and at least one vertical force rod (45); the vertical supporting rod (41) is positioned on one side of the seepage generating mechanism; one end of the inclined force rod (42) is fixedly provided with a loading weight hanging scaffold (43), the other end of the inclined force rod is fixedly provided with a resistance weight (44), one end of the inclined force rod (42) for fixing the resistance weight (44) is rotatably connected with the upper part of the vertical supporting rod (41), and the resistance weight (44) is positioned on the outer side of the vertical supporting rod (41); the number of the vertical force rods (45) is equal to that of the seepage generating devices (2), and the vertical force rods and the seepage generating devices are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner; all the vertical force rods (45) are positioned between the vertical support rod (41) and the loading weight hanging scaffold (43), the top of each vertical force rod (45) is rotatably connected with the inclined force rod (42), and the bottom of each vertical force rod (45) is fixedly connected with a shaft pressure loading ring (211) on the round impervious steel plate (21) of the seepage generation device (2) corresponding to the vertical force rod;
the lower end part of each vertical force rod (45) is provided with a vertical hollow groove (451) transversely penetrating through the vertical force rod, the height of the vertical hollow groove (451) is consistent with that of the water outlet pipe (56), the width of the vertical hollow groove is consistent with the outer diameter of the water outlet pipe (56), and the part of the water outlet pipe (56) connected with the first water-permeable round hole (212) on the round watertight steel plate (21) is positioned in the vertical hollow groove (451).
6. The soft rock seepage simple test system under the low stress condition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the stress monitoring systems are equal in number to the confining pressure loading systems (3) and the axial pressure loading systems (4), and are connected with the confining pressure loading systems (3) and the axial pressure loading systems (4) in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the stress monitoring system consists of a lateral stress strain gauge (61), an axial stress strain gauge (62), a signal wire (63) and a road and bridge machine (64); the lateral stress strain gauge (61) is attached to the outer side wall of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24) of the seepage generating device (2) corresponding to the lateral stress strain gauge, and the center of the lateral stress strain gauge (61) is positioned at 1/2 height of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24); the axial stress strain gauge (62) is attached to the lower surface of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24), and the axial stress strain gauge (62) is located at the bottom center of the cylindrical soft rock sample (24); the input end of the bridge crane (64) is respectively connected with the signal output ends of the lateral stress strain gauge (61) and the axial stress strain gauge (62) through signal lines (63), and the output ends of all the bridge cranes (64) are connected with a computer (65) through the signal lines (63);
the seepage flow measuring system and the seepage flow generating devices (2) are equal in number and are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the seepage flow measuring system consists of a moisture traction line (71) and a water collector (72), one end of the moisture traction line (71) is contacted with the bottom of the water collector (72), and the other end of the moisture traction line is connected with the permeable stone (25) of the seepage flow generating device (2) corresponding to the moisture traction line.
7. The soft rock seepage simple test system under the low stress condition of claim 6, further comprising a workbench (1), wherein the workbench (1) consists of a first layer of table top (11) and a second layer of table top (12) which are arranged from top to bottom;
circular holes (13) with the same number as the seepage generating devices (2) are arranged on the first layer table top (11);
the lower surface of the permeable stone (25) of the seepage generating device (2) is attached to the first layer of table top (11), and the circle center of each permeable stone (25) is aligned with the circle center of the corresponding round hole (13);
one end of the moisture traction line (71) is in contact with the bottom of a water collector (72) positioned on the second layer of table top (12), and the other end of the moisture traction line is connected with the center of the permeable stone (25) through a round hole (13) on the first layer of table top (11);
the lower part of the vertical supporting rod (41) is fixed on the first layer table board (11);
and an electronic balance (73) is also arranged on the second-layer table top (12).
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| CN110261281A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-20 | 长沙理工大学 | Soft rock seepage flow brief test system and its application method under low-stress |
| CN110261281B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2024-03-26 | 长沙理工大学 | Soft rock seepage simple test system under low stress condition and use method thereof |
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