CN110259731A - 一种降低隧道施工轴流通风机噪音的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种降低隧道施工轴流通风机噪音的方法,目的是能长时间运行平稳,振动速度小,可有效降低噪音;本发明目的通过以下措施来实现:增加轴流式通风机进气消音筒和出气消音筒的长度;使轴流式通风机进气消音筒和出气消音筒长度达到叶轮直径的1.5‑2倍;消音材料采用超长超细纤维玻璃丝棉,其厚度为100‑110mm,以更好的杜绝空气的对流传热,进一步降低噪音;叶片采用不锈钢316材质加工制成,该材质叶片重量轻,强度高,可直接降低叶轮高速旋转气流产生的噪音;将轮毂辐板位置移至环板中心位置,环板和轮毂辐板之间通过二氧化碳气体保护焊接方式连接固定,以加强轮毂环板强度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种降低隧道施工轴流通风机噪音的方法。
背景技术
轴流式通风机是目前市场上最常用的一种通风送风设备,其气体平行于风机轴流动,也就是与风叶的轴同方向的气流,如电风扇、空调外机风扇,就是轴流方式运行风机,轴流式通风机固定位置并使空气移动,轴流式通风机通常用在流量要求较高而压力要求较低的场合,广泛应用于隧道、地铁、引水工程等通风送风作业。但目前市场上常见的一些轴流式通风机还存在着高噪音问题,特别是居民区附件施工时,会严重污染周边的声环境,给附近居民生活造成不良影响。如何降低轴流式通风机的高噪音污染,是一个迫切需要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明目的就是克服上述已有技术的不足,提供一种能够长时间运行平稳、振动速度小的可有效降低隧道施工轴流通风机噪音的方法。
本发明方法是:
(1)加长轴流式通风机进气消音筒和出气消音筒的长度;使轴流式通风机进气消音筒和出气消音筒长度达到叶轮直径的1.5-2倍;其中:轴流式通风机在叶轮直径1400mm以下时,进气消音筒、出气消音筒长度按照接近叶轮直径的2倍进行选择;叶轮直径正好在1400mm时,进气消音筒和出气消音筒长度均为叶轮直径的1.75倍;轴流式通风机在叶轮直径1400mm以上时,进气消音筒、出气消音筒长度按照接近叶轮直径的1.5倍选择。
例如:轴流式通风机SDF-№16,该通风机的机号为№16,叶轮直径为1600mm,进气、出气消音筒的长度分别为1.5×1600=2400mm。
(2)改进消音材料并增加消音材料厚度;消音材料由原来的矿棉材料改为超长超细纤维玻璃丝棉,该玻璃丝绵内部纤维细长,能快速衰减声音的传输,同时很好地禁锢空气,使之无法流动,杜绝了空气的对流传热,从而起到吸声和保温的功效。消音材料厚度由原来的85mm增加至100-110mm,加厚消音材质可进一步降低噪音;
(3)改进叶片材质;叶片材质由铁叶片改为不锈钢316叶片,该叶片重量轻,强度高,可以直接降低叶轮高速旋转气流产生的噪音。
(4)改进风机叶轮结构,加强轮毂环板的强度;将辐板位置移至环板中心位置,环板和辐板通过二氧化碳气体保护焊接方式连接,以加强轮毂环板强度;因叶片在高速旋转时有很大的离心力,每个叶片的叶芯均在环板中心位置,将轮毂辐板由原来在环板的的侧边移至环板的中间位置,加强了轮毂环板的强度。
此外,将风机叶轮内筒体经过精密加工,减小叶轮和内筒体机壳之间径向单侧间隙,其径向单侧间隙应在叶轮直径的0.15%~0.35%范围内,不得小于1mm;使通风机叶轮与机壳之间的径向间隙均匀。一般的,单侧间隙为1-2mm,效果较佳。
例如:若通风机机号为№18(叶轮直径1800mm),其叶轮与机壳之间的径向间隙通常是在2.7-6.3mm。而本发明通风机叶轮与机壳之间的径向单侧间隙可以缩减为到1-2mm,不仅提高了风机整体效率,还能进一步降低风机噪音。
叶片是风机叶轮的核心部位,叶片固定在轮毂上,且叶片角度可调。环板和轮毂辐板都采用Q235钢板材料加工成型然后焊接而成。一般的,因叶片形状的改变轮毂面需加宽,不同型号风机轮毂的环板和轮毂辐板所需钢板的厚度不同。为提高风机性能,风机叶轮的轮毂比(轮毂直径与叶轮直径之比)由原来的0.6变为0.69,经现场实验证明,在同等条件下,轮毂比0.69相对轮毂比0.6的性能更高。
为提高风压,叶片叶型宽度需更大,扭曲度也更大,为增加叶片根部的叶片强度,叶芯由原来单独金属螺杆改为底部圆盘形结构设计。一级和二级叶轮的叶片数目由原来的15片、11片分别减少为现在的10片和8片,以进一步降低噪音并减少生产成本。为提高叶片的强度、减少风机噪音,叶片的材质由金属材质改为316不锈钢。所述电机采用变频风机,还可节电。
本发明方法适用于制造或改造各种隧道施工SDF系列型号的轴流式通风机,特别是针对叶轮直径1000mm-2000mm、型号为SDF-№10--SDF-№20的轴流通风机。隧道施工用轴流通风机通过本发明工艺改进,可达到良好的降噪效果,风机长时间运行平稳,噪音完全能够满足小于JB/T8690-1998《工业通风机噪声限值》标准规定值,在最佳效率工况点的A声级噪声达到75dB(A),轴流通风机≤35dB。振动速度有效值符合JB/T 8689-2014《通风机振动检测及其限值》的3.1.2 在所规定的的各个测量方向和测点上,测得的振动速度方均根值不应超出规定:刚性支撑:νrms≤4.6mm/s,叶轮动平衡等级达到G6.3级。
附图说明
图1为叶轮与筒体安装结构示意图;
图2为主机筒体结构示意图;
图中:1.叶片,2.内筒体,3.消音材料,4.电机,5.环板,6.轮毂辐板,7.叶芯,8.外筒体,9.叶轮。
具体实施方式
本发明方法具体内容是:
(1)加长轴流式通风机进气、出气消音筒长度至叶轮9直径的1.5-2倍;轴流式通风机在叶轮9直径1400mm以下时,进气、出气消音筒长度分别选用接近叶轮直径的2倍;叶轮9直径正好在1400mm时,进气消音筒和出气消音筒长度均为叶轮直径的1.75倍;轴流式通风机在叶轮9直径1400mm以上时,进气、出气消音筒长度分别选用接近叶轮直径的1.5倍。例如:轴流式通风机SDF-№16,该通风机的机号为№16,叶轮直径为1600mm,进气、出气消音筒的长度为1.5×1600=2400mm。
(2)改进消音材料3,消音材料3由原来的矿棉改为超长超细纤维玻璃丝棉,该玻璃丝绵内部纤维细长,能快速衰减声音的传输,同时很好地禁锢空气,使之无法流动,杜绝了空气的对流传热,从而起到吸声和保温的功效。增加消音材料3厚度,厚度由原来的85mm增加至100-110mm,加厚消音材质可进一步降低噪音;
(3)改进叶片1材质,叶片1材质由铁叶片改为不锈钢316叶片,该叶片1重量轻,强度高,可直接降低叶轮高速旋转气流产生的噪音。
(4)改进风机叶轮9结构,加强轮毂环板5的强度,将轮毂辐板6位置移至环板5中心位置,环板5和轮毂辐板6通过二氧化碳气体保护焊接方式连接固定,以加强轮毂环板强度;
此外,将风机叶轮9毗邻的内筒体2经过精密加工,减小叶轮9和内筒体2机壳之间径向单侧间隙,其径向单侧间隙控制在叶轮9直径的0.15%-0.35%范围内,不得小于1mm;使通风机叶轮与机壳之间的径向间隙均匀。
叶轮9与内筒体2机壳之间的径向单侧间隙可缩减为到1-2mm,不仅提高了风机整体效率,还能进一步降低风机噪音。
所述环板5和轮毂辐板6均采用Q235钢板加工成型然后焊接而成。
Claims (8)
1.一种降低隧道施工轴流通风机噪音的方法,其特征是:
(1)增加轴流式通风机进气消音筒和出气消音筒的长度;使轴流式通风机进气消音筒和出气消音筒长度达到叶轮直径的1.5-2倍;
(2)消音材料采用超长超细纤维玻璃丝棉,其厚度为100-110mm,以更好的杜绝空气的对流传热,进一步降低噪音;
(3)叶片采用不锈钢316材质加工制成,该材质叶片重量轻,强度高,可直接降低叶轮高速旋转气流产生的噪音;
(4)将轮毂辐板位置移至环板中心位置,环板和轮毂辐板之间通过二氧化碳气体保护焊接方式连接固定,以加强轮毂环板强度。
2.如权利要求1所述的降低隧道施工轴流通风机噪音的方法,其特征是叶轮直径在1400mm以下时,进气消音筒和出气消音筒长度分别按照接近叶轮直径的2倍进行选择;叶轮直径正好在1400mm时,进气消音筒和出气消音筒长度均为叶轮直径的1.75倍;叶轮直径在1400mm以上时,进气消音筒、出气消音筒长度分别按照接近叶轮直径的1.5倍选择。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的降低隧道施工轴流通风机噪音的方法,其特征是所述叶轮叶片和内筒体之间径向间隙均匀,单侧间隙在叶轮直径的0.15%--0.35%范围内,且不小于1mm。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的降低隧道施工轴流通风机噪音的方法,其特征是所述叶轮叶片和内筒体之间径向间隙均匀,单侧间隙为1-2mm。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的降低隧道施工轴流通风机噪音的方法,其特征是风机叶轮的轮毂直径与叶轮直径之比为0.69,可进一步提高风机性能。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的降低隧道施工轴流通风机噪音的方法,其特征是所述叶芯为底部圆盘形结构,以增加叶片根部的叶片强度。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的降低隧道施工轴流通风机噪音的方法,其特征是所述环板和轮毂辐板均采用Q235钢板加工成型然后焊接而成。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的降低隧道施工轴流通风机噪音的方法,其特征是一级和二级叶轮的叶片数目分别减少至10片和8片,以进一步降低噪音并减少成本。
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