CN110250530B

CN110250530B - Nut shell breaking device and nut shell breaking machine with same

Info

Publication number: CN110250530B
Application number: CN201910609685.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑甲红; 王超; 李林; 李鹏涛; 王婧; 武鹏; 霍启新; 赵佳龙
Original assignee: Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2019-07-08
Filing date: 2019-07-08
Publication date: 2022-04-01
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-08
Also published as: CN110250530A

Abstract

The invention relates to a nut shell breaking device and a nut shell breaking machine with the same, in particular to a nut shell breaking machine which is used for breaking nuts by pouring nuts into a hopper and using the machine, and belongs to the field of agricultural machinery. The invention comprises a feeding mechanism, a shell breaking mechanism, a driving mechanism and a discharging mechanism, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a hopper, the shell breaking mechanism comprises an upper extrusion disc, a middle extrusion disc, a lower extrusion disc, a connecting flange, a lower extrusion disc flange, a bearing cover, a bearing box and a transmission shaft, the driving mechanism comprises a synchronizing wheel, a motor and a synchronizing belt, and the discharging mechanism comprises a discharging bin. Drive three extrusion dish through the motor and carry out extrusion formula broken shell to the nut, broken shell is efficient, has reduced the nucleolus breakage rate.

Description

Nut shell breaking device and nut shell breaking machine with same

Technical Field

The invention relates to a nut cracking machine, in particular to a device capable of continuously and efficiently cracking nuts by pouring a large number of nuts into a hopper, and belongs to the field of agricultural machinery.

Background

The breaking of the shell is an important link of deep processing of the nuts, so that the technical requirement is high, and the subsequent processing quality of the nuts is directly influenced. The nut shell breaking equipment at home and abroad adopts shell breaking technologies mainly including a chemical corrosion shell breaking method, a vacuum shell breaking method, an ultrasonic shell breaking method and a mechanical shell breaking method. Mechanical crust breaking includes impact, extrusion, rolling centrifugal and shear types. Wherein, the chemical method kernel is easy to be polluted and has hidden health trouble; the vacuum method and the ultrasonic method are expensive in equipment, poor in shell breaking effect and rarely adopted; the mechanical method is favored by researchers because of its advantages of simple structure, controllable shell breaking effect, etc.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a purely mechanical nut shell breaking machine which not only can efficiently break shells, but also can reduce the kernel breakage rate.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the principle of adopting the extrusion formula realizes the nut broken shell, pours a large amount of nuts into the hopper, and the export of hopper goes up the stripper plate after that, has evenly opened four arc walls above going up the stripper plate, and the export of four arc walls and hopper is corresponding to be distributed to four bellied points of evenly distributed on the compressive plane, as the upper surface usefulness of extrusion nut, go up the stripper plate below after that in the stripper plate, the size of well stripper plate equals with the arc wall inner arc diameter size of last stripper plate. Four raised points are welded to the outer circular surface of the middle pressing plate and serve as the side surfaces for pressing nuts. Well extrusion dish and frame top panel are at same horizontal plane, and four arc walls are opened to frame top panel and last extrusion dish are corresponding, and after the nut came out from the export of hopper, when the arc wall of last extrusion dish just in time corresponded with the export of hopper, the nut just falls in the arc wall of top panel through the arc wall of last extrusion dish, and the nut is between well extrusion dish and frame top panel. Install down the extrusion dish below the well extrusion dish, four arcs are also opened to lower extrusion dish, the position of this arc is staggered with the arc of top panel, three dish coaxial rotation, the nut is in incessant falling the arc from the hopper, the position of nut is in the arc of top panel always, go up the bellied point of extrusion dish and well extrusion dish bellied point extrude the nut respectively, when the axis rotated 36 degrees, the nut of being broken the shell falls into the arc of extrusion dish down. In addition, a lower panel of the rack is arranged below the lower extrusion disc, an arc-shaped groove formed in the lower panel corresponds to the arc-shaped groove of the lower extrusion disc, and nuts broken through shells are discharged from the discharge hopper at the moment. The motor hoisting metal plate is arranged on the lower panel and used for fixing the motor, the synchronizing wheel is arranged on the motor main shaft, the synchronizing wheel is also arranged on the main transmission shaft, and the motor and the main shaft are connected through the synchronizing wheel, so that the stability of the device can be greatly improved.

The five-point shell breaking method has the advantages that the nuts can be efficiently broken, the kernel breakage rate of the nuts is reduced, the structure is simple, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a product of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a full sectional view of the product of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of an upper stripper plate of the product of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an isometric view of an extrusion disk in the product of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of a lower stripper plate of the product of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top plan view of a frame top panel of the product of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a top plan view of the product of the present invention with the hopper and frame removed;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 7;

fig. 9 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the pressing portion of fig. 8.

In the drawing, 1, a hopper, 2, a rack, 3, a discharge bin, 4, a middle extrusion disc, 5, an upper extrusion disc, 6, a rack upper panel, 7, a starting button, 8, a rack lower panel, 9, a lower extrusion disc, 9-1, a lower extrusion disc extrusion area, 9-2, a lower extrusion disc discharge area, 10, a driving synchronous wheel, 11, a motor, 12, a connecting flange, 13, a bearing cover, 14, a bearing box, 15, a bearing, 16, a driven synchronous wheel, 17, a transmission shaft, 18, a foot cup caster, 19, nuts, 20, nut fragments, 21, a synchronous belt, 22, a lower extrusion disc flange, 23, a motor hoisting metal plate and 24 sleeves.

Detailed Description

The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and examples.

First embodiment

The first example is the basic solution of all embodiments of the present invention, and in this example the problem to be solved is how to propose a new nut shell breaking solution that allows a continuous breaking of the nut shells.

Referring to fig. 3-8, the core of the nutshell crushing device provided by this embodiment lies in how to periodically complete the processes of feeding, extruding and discharging. Therefore, the rotating disc type rotating device is adopted in the embodiment, the rotating extrusion device periodically rotates relative to the blocking device, and the processes of feeding, extruding and discharging are achieved one by one through the periodic change of the positions of the rotating extrusion device and the blocking device.

Therefore, the rotary extrusion device and the blocking device of the embodiment are connected through the rotating shaft to form a rotating pair. The rotary extrusion device and the blocking device periodically form a extrusion chamber when the rotary extrusion device rotates relative to the blocking device. The extrusion cabin is provided with a feeding port, a discharging port and an extrusion component. The squeezing component in the embodiment is a squeezing block and a blocking block which are arranged in a squeezing cabin, and the space in the squeezing cabin is compressed through the opposite movement of the squeezing block and the blocking block, so that the nut shell is crushed under the action of squeezing.

Referring to fig. 2 to 8, in the present embodiment, the rotary extrusion device is composed of an upper extrusion plate (5), a middle extrusion plate (4), and a lower extrusion plate (9); and the blocking device is a rack upper panel (6). As shown in the figure, the middle extrusion disk (4) is provided with an annular side plate with certain width and thickness; on the other hand, a circular rotary extrusion device mounting cavity is formed in the upper panel (6) of the rack, and an arc-shaped groove is formed in the edge of the circular mounting cavity, so that the mounting cavity is in a plum blossom shape. The edge of the plum blossom-shaped cavity is also provided with a side plate corresponding to the middle extrusion plate. On the basis, a rotary extrusion device consisting of an upper extrusion disc (5), a middle extrusion disc (4) and a lower extrusion disc (9) is combined with the upper panel (6) of the frame, so that the rotary extrusion device can freely rotate in a circular cavity of the upper panel (6) of the frame, and the inner wall of the extrusion chamber is formed at the arc-shaped groove by the upper extrusion disc (5), the middle extrusion disc (4), the lower extrusion disc (9) and the upper panel (6) of the frame.

For the extrusion chamber, as the rotating extrusion device rotates relative to the blocking device continuously, the extrusion chamber also completes the process of extrusion chamber formation-disappearance continuously and periodically. The extrusion blocks of the embodiment are arranged on the lower surface of the upper extrusion disc (5) and the outer side surface of the middle extrusion disc (4) and also rotate periodically with the rotation of the rotary extrusion device. The stop block corresponding to the stop block is an end face of the arc-shaped groove of the upper panel (6) of the rack in the embodiment, when the pressing block pushes the nuts to be crushed to move to the end part of the arc-shaped groove, the end face of the upper panel (6) of the rack is compressed relative to the pressing block, and inward pressing force is provided for nut crushing.

To the pan feeding of material in the extrusion cabin, ejection of compact problem, the scheme that this embodiment adopted is with the pan feeding mouth setting at the extrusion cabin front end, and with the discharge gate setting at extrusion cabin rear end. At the extrusion in-process, treat that broken nut gets into extrusion cabin from the pan feeding mouth of head earlier, take place the casing through the effect of extrusion piece and barrier block again and destroy, discharge at the discharge gate of extrusion cabin afterbody at last to realize the purpose of this embodiment.

Furthermore, one of the solutions provided in this embodiment is to automatically complete the feeding and discharging steps by using gravity. For this reason, the scheme adopted by this embodiment is: the feeding port is arranged at the upper part of the upper extrusion disc (5), the discharging port is arranged at the lower part of the lower extrusion disc (9), the feeding section of the feeding port is not overlapped with the discharging section of the discharging port, and the extrusion block is arranged between the feeding port and the discharging port. In this technical scheme, the material can fall into the extrusion under-deck automatically based on gravity to accomplish behind the extrusion action in the under-deck, fall out from the discharge gate automatically based on gravity.

Furthermore, the extrusion block in the embodiment adopts a gradual-change extrusion mode, the blocking degree of the extrusion block is gradually increased, and the nut shell is gradually clamped through a smoother transition mode.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only one of the preferred embodiments applying the working principle of the present invention, and the above components are simply replaced, for example, the positions of the extrusion blocks on the upper extrusion plate (5), the middle extrusion plate (4) and the lower extrusion plate (9) are adjusted, or the component parts of the rotary extrusion device and the blocking device are exchanged, all using the same working principle, which falls into the protection scope of the present invention, and the present invention is not described in detail again.

Second embodiment

This embodiment, as a variation of the first embodiment, aims to increase the nut shell breaking efficiency and to achieve a continuous breaking of a plurality of nut shells.

In the first embodiment, the number and the position of the ballast are not limited. Since the single nut extruding chamber does not require an excessively long arc-shaped groove space, a plurality of extruding chambers can be arranged in an array form according to the rotating shaft of the rotary extruding device. Thereby realizing the industrial continuous production and improving the production efficiency.

For the arrangement of the extrusion chambers, it is preferable to arrange an even number of extrusion chambers on a circumference, and to distribute each pair of extrusion chambers axially symmetrically about the axis of rotation. The advantage of the axisymmetric distribution is that when the extrusion device of the invention is used for extrusion crushing, a pair of symmetric extrusion cabins simultaneously provide stress, thereby avoiding the damage of an eccentric force generated when a single extrusion cabin is stressed independently to a rotating shaft.

However, in the above solution, the multiple pairs of symmetrically distributed ballast chambers result in an increase in the energy required at the moment of crushing, and the requirements on the drive means are high. Therefore, one of the available schemes is to adjust the extrusion positions or the forming time of the extrusion chambers of different groups (one group is formed by each pair of extrusion chambers), so that the extrusion chambers of different groups complete the extrusion action in sequence, only one pair of nuts are extruded during each extrusion, and the power requirement on the driving device is reduced.

Third embodiment

The third embodiment is directed to a nut cracker to which the nut cracker of the present invention is applied.

Referring to fig. 1-8, a nut cracker comprises a feeding mechanism, a cracking mechanism, a driving mechanism and a discharging mechanism, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a hopper (1); the shell breaking mechanism comprises an upper extrusion disc (5), a middle extrusion disc (4), a lower extrusion disc (9), a bearing cover (13), a bearing box (14), a bearing (15), a transmission shaft (17), a connecting flange (12) and a lower extrusion disc flange (22). A connecting flange (12) is arranged between the upper extrusion disk (5) and the middle extrusion disk (4), a connecting flange (12) is arranged between the middle extrusion disk (4) and the lower extrusion disk (9), the upper extrusion disk (5), the middle extrusion disk (4), the lower extrusion disk (9) and the connecting flange (12) are connected together through bolts, a key slot is formed in the connecting flange (12) and connected with a transmission shaft (17), a lower extrusion disk flange (22) is connected below the lower extrusion disk (9) and is in key connection with the transmission shaft (17), two bearings (15) are arranged in a bearing box (14), a bearing cover (13) is arranged above the bearing box (14), the bearing box (14) and the bearing cover (13) are locked on a lower panel (8) of the rack through bolt connection, a sleeve (24) is arranged below the bearing box (14) and used for supporting an inner ring of the bearing (15), a driven synchronous wheel (16) is arranged below the sleeve (24), the driven synchronizing wheel (16) is connected with the transmission shaft (17) through a key and is fixed by a screw; the driving mechanism mainly comprises a driving synchronizing wheel (10), a motor (11), a driven synchronizing wheel (16) and a conveyor belt (21). A motor (11) is locked on a lower panel (8) of the frame through a motor hoisting metal plate (23) by bolts, a driving synchronous wheel (10) is arranged on the motor (11), and synchronous belts (21) are arranged on the driving synchronous wheel (10) and a driven synchronous wheel (16); the discharging mechanism is a discharging bin (3).

Referring to fig. 1-8, nuts fall between an upper extrusion plate (5), a middle extrusion plate (4) and a rack upper panel (6) from a hopper (1), and the rack upper panel (6) is provided with an arc-shaped groove, as shown in fig. 6; as shown in fig. 8, the nuts fall into the arc-shaped groove, the lower pressing plate (9), the middle pressing plate (4) and the upper pressing plate (5) rotate coaxially, the nuts are clamped in the arc-shaped groove of the rack upper panel (6), the upper pressing plate (5), the middle pressing plate (4) and the lower pressing plate (9) are shown in fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, four convex points are welded below the upper pressing plate to extrude the upper surface of the nuts, 4 convex points are welded on the outer circular surface of the middle pressing plate (4) to extrude the side surfaces of the nuts, the positions of the convex points of the upper pressing plate (5) and the middle pressing plate (4) correspond to each other, the upper surface and the side surfaces of one nut can be guaranteed to be simultaneously extruded, and the purpose of breaking the shells is achieved, as shown in fig. 8. In addition, the lower extrusion plate (9) is provided with an extrusion area (9-1) and a discharge area (9-2), the protruding side plates of the discharge area have the effects that after the nuts are crushed and broken, the crushed nuts fall into the arc-shaped groove of the lower extrusion plate from the arc-shaped groove of the upper panel of the rack, the lower extrusion plate rotates, and when the crushed nuts pass through the opened arc-shaped groove of the lower panel of the rack, the nuts after being crushed fall into the discharge bin.

It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. The nut cracking device is characterized by comprising a rotary extrusion device and a blocking device, wherein the rotary extrusion device is connected with the blocking device through a rotating shaft to form a rotating pair; the rotary extrusion device and the blocking device periodically form an extrusion chamber when the rotary extrusion device rotates relative to the blocking device;

the extrusion cabin is internally provided with an extrusion block for extruding and pushing materials in the cabin; the extrusion chamber is also provided with a blocking block which is used for blocking the materials in the chamber and periodically extruding the materials in the chamber together with the extrusion block;

the rotary extrusion device consists of an upper extrusion disc, a middle extrusion disc and a lower extrusion disc; the upper part of the upper extrusion disc is provided with a feeding port, the lower part of the lower extrusion disc is provided with a discharging port, and a feeding section of the feeding port is not overlapped with a discharging section of the discharging port;

the blocking device is a rack upper panel, a circular rotary extrusion device mounting cavity is formed in the rack upper panel, and an arc-shaped groove is formed in the edge of the mounting cavity, so that the mounting cavity is in a plum blossom shape; a side plate corresponding to the middle extrusion disc is arranged at the edge of the plum blossom-shaped installation cavity;

the extrusion block is arranged on the lower surface of the upper extrusion disc and the outer side surface of the middle extrusion disc, and the extrusion block is arranged between the feeding port and the discharging port;

the lower extrusion disc is provided with an extrusion area and a discharge area.

2. The nut cracking device of claim 1, wherein the extrusion chamber is provided with a feeding port and a discharging port, and a projection of a vertical plane of the rotating shaft of the space in the chamber between the feeding port and the discharging port is an arc with a notch pointing to the rotating shaft.

3. The nut cracking device of claim 2, wherein the feeding port is disposed at a head of the extrusion chamber, the discharging port is disposed at a tail of the extrusion chamber, and the extruding block and the blocking block are disposed between the feeding port and the discharging port, so that the material enters the extrusion chamber from the feeding port, is extruded by the extruding block and the blocking block, and is discharged from the discharging port.

4. The nut cracker of claim 3, wherein the material inlet is disposed at the top of the extrusion chamber for allowing the material to fall into the material inlet by gravity; the discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the extrusion cabin and used for discharging the materials from the discharge port by utilizing gravity.

5. The nut cracker of claim 1 wherein there are an even number of extrusion chambers, one in each pair of chambers, each set of chambers being symmetrically distributed about the axis of rotation.

6. The nut cracker of claim 5, wherein the pressing action of the pressing block and the blocking block is synchronized in the same group of pressing chambers; the squeezing motions are not completely synchronous in different groups of squeezing cabins.

7. The nut cracker of claim 1 wherein the extent of the barrier from the start of the expression bar to the point of maximum expression is gradual.

8. A nut cracker characterized by being equipped with the nut cracker of claim 1; the blocking device is fixedly connected with the frame; the rack is also provided with a driving mechanism, and the rotary extrusion device is connected with the driving mechanism through a rotating shaft and used for driving the rotary extrusion device to rotate on the rack by the driving mechanism.

9. The nut cracker of claim 8 wherein the extrusion chamber has a hopper mounted at a feed port and a discharge port.

10. The nut cracker of claim 8 wherein the drive mechanism is a motor driven timing belt; the motor is fixedly arranged on the frame, and an output shaft of the motor is connected with the driving synchronizing wheel; the rotating shaft is connected with a driven synchronizing wheel; the driving synchronous wheel is connected with the driven synchronous wheel through a synchronous belt.