CN110250100A - 一种以大蒜提取物为主治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌和输卵管的绿色天然植物复合物及其方法 - Google Patents
一种以大蒜提取物为主治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌和输卵管的绿色天然植物复合物及其方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及蛋禽无抗饲料添加剂领域,具体的说,涉及一种以大蒜提取物为主的治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌病和输卵管类的绿色无抗饲料添加剂复合物,由如下重量份数的原料组成:大蒜提取物20‑40份、苦参提取物10‑20份、杨树花提取物10‑20份、水溶性单分子牛至叶油20‑30份和水溶性蒙脱石20‑30份,以大蒜提取物为主治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌和输卵管的绿色天然植物复合物的生产方法,包括如下步骤:1)将上述重量份数的大蒜提取物、苦参提取物、杨树花提取物混合粉碎至600目;2)依次加入上述重量份的水溶性单分子牛至叶油和水溶性蒙脱石均匀混合30分钟制得,本发明配方简单,效果稳定,全面高效;能有效治疗大肠杆菌蛋禽输卵管炎,具有极大的社会价值和应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蛋禽无抗饲料添加剂领域,具体的说,涉及一种以大蒜提取物为主的治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌病和输卵管类的绿色无抗饲料添加剂复合物。
背景技术
目前,随着全球对食品安全的标准日益提高和国家对抗生素的限制使用,为了保证人身体健康和食品安全,在蛋禽养殖上国家刑法规定,产蛋期禁用一切抗生素,防止抗生素超过蛋品进入食物链,对人民群众的健康造成伤害,因此在蛋禽产蛋期急需一种用绿色天然植物饲料添加剂来防治蛋禽产蛋期的健康状况和疾病的治疗。
为了食品安全和人类健康,《中华人民共和国食品安全法》《中国肉类协会》制定了鸡蛋国家标准,并配套出台一系列检测手段,对鸡蛋中的抗生素、重金属、农药等有害物质,规定了最高限量标准,未来将采取二维码身份识别标志上市。
国家对蛋品流通与消费环节已有准确、快捷的监测手段,蛋禽养殖企业违规成本增加,蛋鸡行业禁抗、限抗是行业大趋势。
在蛋鸡产蛋过程中,一个鸡蛋在输卵内停留20多个小时,蛋鸡每产一枚蛋,都会造成输卵管的轻微损伤,导致输卵炎及输卵管粘膜的坏死,从而影响产蛋,定期对输卵管进行消炎非常必要。由于输卵管在体腔的深部,是无氧环境,常伴有厌氧菌感染,一般的抗菌药对厌氧菌无效,原来常用的阿莫西林、地美硝唑、林可霉素等抗生素,在食品安全监管蛋鸡场已不敢使用。
基于上述已有技术,本申请人作了持久而有益的探索与反复的设计,并且进行了非有限次数的试验,终于找到了解决上述技术问题的办法并且形成了下面将要介绍的技术方案。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的问题,本发明提供了一种以大蒜提取物为主治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌和输卵管的绿色天然植物复合物及其方法,本发明解决蛋禽肠道不健康,降低消化道PH值,激活消化酶,促进饲料吸收和消化,提高口粮的利用率的作用,还能提高蛋禽动物的抗应激能力,降低死淘率,提高养殖效益。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案: 一种以大蒜提取物为主治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌和输卵管的绿色天然植物复合物,由如下重量份数的原料组成:
大蒜提取物 20-40份
苦参提取物 10-20份
杨树花提取物 10-20份
水溶性单分子牛至叶油 20-30份
水溶性蒙脱石 20-30份。
所述的以大蒜提取物为主治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌和输卵管的绿色天然植物复合物,由如下重量份数的原料组成:
所述大蒜提取物600目:35份
苦参提取物600目:15份
杨树花提取物600目:12份
水溶性牛至叶油600目:25份
水溶性蒙脱石600目:23份。
一种以大蒜提取物为主治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌和输卵管的绿色天然植物复合物的生产方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将上述重量份数的大蒜提取物、苦参提取物、杨树花提取物混合粉碎至600目;
2)依次加入上述重量份的水溶性单分子牛至叶油和水溶性蒙脱石均匀混合25-35分钟制得。
与现有技术相比,发明的有益效果是:本发明所述的绿色环保无抗饲料添加剂是一种配方相对简单,效果明显,绿色环保高效的植物添加剂,对革兰氏阴性菌(如金黄色葡萄球菌)、革兰氏阳性菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌)均有很好的杀灭作用,是抑菌、杀菌、抗病毒、提高免疫力与抗病力于一体的高效绿色环保添加剂,可安全替代抗生素,成本适中,生产方便,易制作,具有很好的社会应用前景和推广价值;本发明由植物提取物水溶性单分子精油及水溶性蒙脱石组成,配方简单,效果稳定,全面高效,对蛋禽大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、厌氧菌、梭菌、真菌、巴氏杆菌、肺炎球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌其均有抑菌、杀菌作用,还有一定抗球虫效果;本品能有效治疗大肠杆菌蛋禽输卵管炎,具有一定的社会价值和应用前景;本发明通过多种天然植物提取物,运用大蒜、苦参、杨树花、天然植物水溶性单分子牛至叶油、水溶性蒙脱石,合理配置各组份用量,使得该发明的绿色饲料添加剂在蛋禽上治疗大肠杆菌病和输卵管炎,提高成活率和健康活力,防病抗病、减少细菌病毒性疾病发生,提高机体免疫,提高生长性能,促进生长,因而可替代抗生素的使用,保证蛋品的品质和蛋禽的养殖效益。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明,实施例仅用来说明本发明,并不限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:一种以大蒜提取物为主治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌和输卵管的绿色天然植物复合物,由如下重量份数的原料组成:大蒜提取物25份、苦参提取物20份、杨树花提取物10份、水溶性单分子牛至叶油20份,水溶性蒙脱石20份,将以上配方中药提取物粉碎至600目,依次加入水溶性单分子牛至叶油、水溶性蒙脱石,混合25分钟,均匀即得。
实施例2:一种以大蒜提取物为主治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌和输卵管的绿色天然植物复合物,由如下重量份数的原料组成:大蒜提取物 25份、苦参提取物15份、杨树花提取物12份、水溶性单分子牛至叶油25份、水溶性蒙脱石23份,将以上配方中药提取物粉碎至600目,依次加入水溶性单分子牛至叶油、水溶性蒙脱石,混合30分钟,均匀即得。
实施例3:一种以大蒜提取物为主治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌和输卵管的绿色天然植物复合物,由如下重量份数的原料组成:大蒜提取物20份、苦参提取物10份、杨树花提取物15份、水溶性单分子牛至叶油30份、水溶性蒙脱石25份,将以上配方中药提取物粉碎至600目,依次加入水溶性单分子牛至叶油、水溶性蒙脱石,混合35分钟,均匀即得。
试验过程:
选取1600只初产日健康的蛋雏鸡,采用三层重叠饲养方式全封闭饲养,鸡只自由采食和饮水,消毒、免疫程序按饲养场常规方法进行。
产蛋期开产拉稀
1)应激:内源、外源;
2)饲料:蛋白增加;饲料Ca、P矿物增加;开产饲料纤维含量过度;
3)疾病方面:大肠杆菌(零星死亡);肾炎。
每组400只,砂皮蛋、斑点蛋、血斑蛋、输卵管炎。
实验结果说明:该发明添加剂可以替代抗生素治疗蛋禽的大肠杆菌病和输卵管炎症。
本发明饲料添加剂加在蛋禽产蛋期和饲料中,可取得很好的效果,常规使用输卵管炎治疗1000-1500g/T,大肠杆菌病治疗:2-3kg/T。
经大量试验研究表明:按治无抗治疗蛋禽输卵管炎对薄壳蛋、软壳蛋、砂壳蛋、畸形蛋、白壳蛋、血迹蛋等使用3天见效,5-7天产蛋率上升,蛋质质量好转,并且有效控制蛋禽输卵管炎的发生,可促进消化系统和消化道菌群的健康发育,缓解免疫副反应,从而提高蛋禽产蛋率,增加蛋量和提高饲料转化率,提高蛋禽的生产性能,替代抗生素治疗大肠杆菌病,对广谱杆菌、厌氧菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、梭菌、真菌、巴氏杆菌、肺炎球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌病毒等均有抑制杀灭作用,还有一定抗球虫、原虫的作用,而且加入该绿色无抗饲料添加剂,可提高采食量,促进消化吸收,降低禽舍氨气的浓度,其中大蒜提取物中所含的大蒜辣素可直接杀灭粪便中的蝇蛆的虫卵,降低蚊蝇的繁殖和传播,对环境有很大的好处,该绿色无抗添加剂效果显著,综合效益明显,具有很广泛的社会应用前景和推广价值。
针对蛋禽的大肠杆菌病:按照2-3kg/T的用量,3天内蛋鸡的拉稀减少,5-7天基本消失,添加对大肠杆菌病98%以上,治愈率达95%以上,可以替代抗生素治疗大肠肝菌病。
组分的作用机理:
大蒜提取物:是多组合物,大蒜富含400种成分,其中大蒜辣素、大蒜新素、蒜氨酸、蒜氨酶、大蒜多糖及各种烯丙基和甲基组成的硫醚混合物,而且里面富含氨基酸和及抗癌元素有机锗,是自然界的青霉素,具有提高免疫,促进胃肠蠕动,提高采食量,清除自由基,抑菌,杀病毒,抗原虫作用。
苦参提取物:苦参根中含生杨碱:苦参碱、氧化苦参碱等有效成份,其具有杀虫,抗菌,抗病毒功效。
杨树花提取物:具有健脾养胃、涩肠止泻、清热解毒、化湿止痢等功效。
水溶性牛至叶油:人类发现的天然消炎抗菌药剂,里面的百里香酚有很强的抗菌活性,对真菌、细菌及寄生虫等病原微生物有强烈的杀灭作用。因此具有很强的抑菌、抗菌和杀菌的功能。
牛至油是人类目前发现的最强效的天然消炎抗菌剂,从野生动物牛至中提取,多生长在希腊、葡萄牙等地中海地区,是希腊人的草药之首。17世纪的英国,牛至油被广泛应用。
牛至又名止痢草、土香薷、小叶薄荷,为唇形科牛至属多年生草本植物,主要分布于地中海地区至中亚、北、北美及我国大部分地区,生于海拔500-3600m的山坡、路旁、灌丛、草地、林下,牛至味辛、性凉、无毒,全草可入药,具有清热解表、理气化湿倒尿消肿之功效,临床用于预防流感治疗黄疽、中暑、发热,呕吐、急性肠炎、腹痛等症,其散寒解表功用胜于薄荷。美国农业部的“植物化学和植物物种学”背景资料表明,牛至含有30多种抗菌化合物,是一种在的天然抗生素和药物生长促进剂
基本信息
中文名称:牛至
中文学名:牛至
别称:奥勒冈草,俄力冈叶、披萨草、蘑菇草、花八角、花薄荷
二名法:Origanum vulgare
门:被于植物门Magnolsophyta
纲:双子叶植物纲 Magnolopsida
目:唇形目( Lamiales)
科:唇形科( Lamiaceae)
属:牛至属(Origanum)
种:牛至(O. vulgare)
分布区域:江苏、安徽、浙江、新疆、甘肃,河南、陕西至江南各省
花色:白、粉
使用方法:花坛、庭院
高度:20-60cm
花朵大小:3-5cm(花穗)
花期:4-10月份
名称由来:源自希腊语 organon
形态特征
牛至多年生草本或半灌木,芳香,根茎斜生,其节上具纤细的须根,多少木质。茎直立或近基部伏地,通常高25-60厘米,多少带紫色,四棱形,具倒向或微蜷曲的短柔毛,多数,从根茎发出,中上部各节有具花的分枝,下部各节有不育的短枝,近基部常无叶,叶具柄,柄长2-7毫米,腹面具槽,背面近圆形,被柔毛,叶片卵圆形或长圆状卵圆形,长1-4厘米,宽0.4-1.5厘米,先端钝或稍钝,基部宽楔形至近圆形或微心形,全缘或有远离的小锯齿,上面亮绿色,常带紫晕,具不明显的柔毛及凹陷的腺点,下面淡绿色,明显被柔毛及凹陷的腺点,侧脉3-5对,与中脉在上面不显著,下面多少突出,苞叶大多无柄,常带紫色。
花序呈伞房状圆锥花序,开张,多花密集,牛至由多数长圆状在果时多少伸长的小穗状花序所组成,苞片长圆状倒卵形至倒卵形或倒披针形,锐尖,绿色或带紫晕,长约5毫米,具平行脉,全缘。花萼钟状,连齿长3毫米,外面被小硬毛或近无毛,内面在喉部有白色柔毛环,13脉,多少显著,萼齿5,三角形,等大,长0.5毫米,花冠紫红、淡红至白色,管状钟形,长7毫米,两性花冠筒长5米,显著超出花号,而雌性花冠筒短于花萼,长约3毫米,外面疏被短柔毛,内面在喉部被短柔毛,冠檐明显二唇形,上唇直立,卵圆形,长1.5毫米,先端2浅裂,下唇开张,长2毫米,3裂,中裂片较大,侧裂片较小,均长圆状卵圆形,雄蕊4,在两性花中,后对短于上唇,前对略伸出花冠,在雌性花中,前后对近相等,内藏,花丝丝状,扁平,无毛,花药卵圆形,2室,两性花由三角状楔形的药隔分隔,室叉开,而雌性花中药隔退化雄蕊的药室近于平行,花盘平顶。花柱略超出雄蕊,先端不相等2浅裂,裂片钻形
小坚果卵圆形,长门0.6毫米,先端圆,基部骤狭,微具棱,褐色,无毛。花期7-9月,果期10-12月。
百里香酚有很强的抗菌活性,具有非常强的表面活性和脂溶性,能迅速穿透病原微生物细胞膜,首先破坏病原微生物细胞的内外物质交换平衡,导致病原微生物细胞膜通透性发生变化,细胞内容物流失,然后进入病原微生物细胞,改变胞内细胞器的膜性结构,使一些重要细胞器的生理功能丧失,造成病原微生物组份失衡死亡,因此具有强烈的抑菌、抗菌和杀菌的功能。
资源分布:分布于西南及陕西,甘肃,新疆,江苏,安徽,浙江,江西,福建,台湾,河南,湖北,湖南,广东,西藏等地。
利用价值
全草入药,可预防流感,治中暑、感冒、头痛身重、腹痛、呕吐、胸膈胀满、气阻食滞、小儿食积腹胀、腹泻、月经过多、崩漏带下、皮肤搔痒及水肿等症,其散寒发表功用,尤胜于薄荷。在云南、贵州、四川三省作香薷收购及使用。全草又可提芳香油,鲜茎叶含油0.07-0.2%。干茎叶含油0.15-4%,油的比重(15℃)0.868-0.910,旋光度(20℃)-20-70°,含醇量(以香草醇计)2-3%。含酚量(以麝香草酚计)约含7%,除供调配香精外,亦用作酒曲配料,此外它又是很好的蜜源植物。
水溶性单分子精油可穿透屏障保护膜进入厌氧区,本品所含的肉桂醛是抗真菌的活性物质,肉桂醛对真菌及抑制霉菌的生长具有显著效果,同时对大肠杆菌、梭菌具有抑菌作用。
牛至油是牛至从植物“牛至”中提取的挥发油,为淡黄色油状液体,全世界范围内均有以此为原料的人用药品和保健品,长期以来,欧美把它作为食品的抗菌防腐保鲜剂,也是中国和国外大多数国家(欧盟等)批准使用的饲料添加剂。主要成分为酚类化合物,其中:香芹酚约占80%,百里香素约占8.7%,麝香草酚占约2.5%,萜品烯约占2.13,研究发现,植物中的酚类化合物有抗菌作用,在含酚类化合物的植物中,牛至属植物(牛至、百里香等)中的香芹酚和百里香酚的含量最高,含生物合成香芹酚和百里香酚的前体(Y一赧品烯和p一异丙甲苯)的水平也很高
牛至提取物的化学组分
牛至油中含
香芹酚Carvacrol(2-甲基-5-异丙基苯酚)—65-75%
百里酚 Thyme1(5-甲基2-异丙基苯酚) --5-8%
伞花烃p-Cymene(对异丙基苯甲烷)--3-5%
萜品烯g-Terpinene—3-5%
牛至油预混剂含牛至油10%,并经包被处理
牛至提取物的化学组分
全草牛至可提取出一种具有芳香味的挥发油一牛至香精油,牛至发挥其药理作用也主要是通过牛至香精油而实现的。牛至香精油的化学成分主要是黄篙酚、P伞花烃、麝草香酚、r松油烯。这四种化学组分的含量因地理位置的不同变化很大,vokDu.D等(1997)曾报道牛至香精油的四种化学组分的含量跟纬度有关,Kokkini.S等(1997)报道,从希腊生长的牛至中提取出来的香精油,黄篙酚含量约1.7%-69.6%,P-伞花烃含量约17.3%-51.3%、麝草香酚含量约0.2%-42.8%,r-松油烯含量约0.6%-3.6%,生长在希腊北部的牛至提取出的香精油富含麝草酚(30.3%-12.8%),而南部的则富含黄篙酚(57.4%-9.6%)。四种化学组分中黄篙酚和麝草香酚的抗菌活性最大。
牛至油10%牛至油是从属含酚类化合物牛至中提取的挥发油,牛至油的主要成份是苯酚类物质,香芹酚占79.6%,百里香素占8.7%,麝草香酚占2.5%,萜品烯2.1%,其中香芹酚和百里酚,麝草香酚已证明有很强的抗菌活性,其活性成份具有非常强的表面活性和脂溶性,能迅速穿透病源微生物细胞膜,因此造成致病源微生物水失衡而死亡,另香芹酚和百里酚在肠道上皮细胞的外层有活性,能加速肠道上皮细胞的更新率,减少病原体对肠道上皮细胞的感染,增强对营养物质的消化吸收能力,提高生长性能和饲料利用率。
植物精油的作用机制
将植物精油加入日粮之中,可以增加动物的生长性能和动物福利。植物精油的主要机制包括:
1)通过破坏细胞膜的氢键、使细胞膜和线粒体的通透性更强以及瓦解外层细胞膜,从而发挥直接的抗菌效果(特别是抑制制定的潜在革兰氏阴性致病菌的生长,如大肠杆菌0157:H7和金黄色葡萄球菌);
2)抗球虫、抗真菌或抗氧化的性能;
3)免疫调节功能;
4)刺激消化酶的分泌。
总而言之,植物精油可刺激肽类和消化酶的生产,如脂肪酶和淀粉酶,从而对不同日龄动物的采食量和营养物质的利用率产生有益的影响。此外,它们还具有抗菌、抗球虫、抗真菌、抗氧化和免疫调节的功能。
主要成份类香芹酚60%左右;欧百里香8%左右,对霰花烃5%左右,a-丁香烯、1-龙脑、里哪醇、麝香草酚、辣薄荷醇,萜品烯等30多种有机化合物含量23%左右,牛至油是中国农业部批准使用的饲料药物添加剂之一,具有安全、高效、绿色、无配伍禁忌的纯天然活性成份比较高的中药添加剂。
“全释放分子 嵌入缓释型“技术
通过多种植物精油进行抗菌活性筛选,用全球最先进的“全释放分子 嵌入缓释型”技术开发出水溶性食品级植物精油,小分子植物精油完全溶于水,迅速穿透屏障保护膜抑制厌氧菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、梭菌、真菌等,对蛋禽输卵管、卵巢修护以及肠道健康发挥重要的作用,能保持最佳的抑菌浓度,发挥植物精油的极佳杀菌抑菌效果。
水溶性蒙脱石:具有高效吸附治病菌的特点,兼具有氧化锌的作用,含有的有机多糖蒙脱石能够高效吸附呕吐毒素,所用高纯超微蒙脱石经纯化、超微化处理后,比表面积增大十倍以上,整个结构域电荷不平衡性及表面张力更强,即使在有食糜存在的胃肠道内,也能够很好的破除“位阻效应”,崩解成纳米结构,使得吸附病原菌及内毒素、抗胰蛋白酶能力更强。
本发明通过多种天然植物提取物,运用大蒜、苦参、杨树花、天然植物水溶性单分子牛至叶油、水溶性蒙脱石,合理配置各组份用量,使得该发明的绿色饲料添加剂在蛋禽上治疗大肠杆菌病和输卵管炎,提高成活率和健康活力,防病抗病、减少细菌病毒性疾病发生,提高机体免疫,提高生长性能,促进生长,因而可替代抗生素的使用,保证蛋品的品质和蛋禽的养殖效益。
本发明还提供上述饲料添加剂在饲料中的应用,可制成绿色无抗饲料添加剂领域常规剂型,优选为粉剂,颗粒剂,水溶液,口服液。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种以大蒜提取物为主治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌和输卵管的绿色天然植物复合物,其特征在于,由如下重量份数的原料组成:
大蒜提取物 20-40份
苦参提取物 10-20份
杨树花提取物 10-20份
水溶性单分子牛至叶油 20-30份
水溶性蒙脱石 20-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的以大蒜提取物为主治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌和输卵管的绿色天然植物复合物,其特征在于,由如下重量份数的原料组成:
所述大蒜提取物600目:35份
苦参提取物600目:15份
杨树花提取物600目:12份
水溶性牛至叶油600目:25份
水溶性蒙脱石600目:23份。
3.一种根据权利要求1所述的以大蒜提取物为主治疗蛋禽大肠杆菌和输卵管的绿色天然植物复合物的生产方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将上述重量份数的大蒜提取物、苦参提取物、杨树花提取物混合粉碎至600目;
2)依次加入上述重量份的水溶性单分子牛至叶油和水溶性蒙脱石均匀混合25-35分钟制得。
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Application publication date: 20190920 |