CN110245847A - A kind of evaluation method based on parking position layout and vehicle parking behavior - Google Patents
A kind of evaluation method based on parking position layout and vehicle parking behavior Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The evaluation method based on parking position layout and vehicle parking behavior that the invention discloses a kind of comprising evaluation object parking lot provides the related data of its parking stall layout and vehicle parking behavior；It is Parking efficiency, parking stall duration utilization rate, parking stall space occupancy respectively by given according to three indexs for calculating parking lot operation estimation；Scene condition, demand and the functional characteristic etc. in evaluation object parking lot are analyzed, choose required index according to analysis conditions to evaluate parking lot.The invention is on the basis of being based on vehicle parking behavior, comprehensive evaluation is carried out to the reasonability of internal transportation tissue caused by being laid out by parking position, design from different perspectives, and by the difference degree between the more different parking lot designs of accompanying examples quantification calculating ratio, foundation is provided for the design rationality in the existing parking lot of evaluation and the parking lot of planning construction efficient operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Urban Traffic Planning management domains, and in particular to one kind is stopped based on parking position layout and vehicle
The evaluation method that garage is.
Background technique
With the rapid development of social economy, more and more residents possess private car, private car quantity exponentially shape
Formula increases year by year, this not only brings urban traffic blocking stress problems, also brings " parking difficulty " etc. for vehicle driver and asks
Topic.How qualitatively to be analyzed from inner part of parking lot traffic organization, parking stall layout type, vehicle parking behavior to reflect and stop
Vehicle supply and demand problem and qualitative, quantitative ground the assay parking lot operating energy loss person's urgent need to resolve that has become parking lot management
Main problem, therefore the reasonability of comprehensive comprehensive evaluation inner part of parking lot traffic organization and design is that planning construction efficiently stops
The key of field.
Existing appraisement system mostly uses parking turnover rate, parking lot utilization rate standard deviation index, parking lot to traffic
The more single index such as ambient influence evaluates parking lot, and existing index is only imitated from the social economy in parking lot at present
The reasonability of benefit, social utilization benefit etc. evaluation parking lot addressing and its service, not to inner part of parking lot traffic organization
And design carries out comprehensive comprehensive evaluation.Therefore, it is necessary to from parking position layout and vehicle parking behavior angle into
Row analysis, proposes Parking efficiency, parking stall duration utilization rate and parking stall space occupancy these three indexs, uses respectively
With evaluate existing parking lot to single driver stop the height of convenience service level picked up the car, parking stall supplies in existing parking lot
The reasonability that space resources is distributed in equilibrium condition and parking lot is needed, and analyze situation locating for object parking lot and function to need
It asks, to reach from multi-angle, many-sided reasonability for considering inner part of parking lot and designing, makes up the deficiency of existing evaluation index,
Improve the more single status of existing parking lot evaluation index.More comprehensive analysis is carried out to different parking lots, and is directed to and stops
The evaluation index in parking lot carries out quantification calculating to accompanying examples according to institute, compares the otherness between different parking lot designs, is
The parking lot of the design rationality and planning construction efficient operation of evaluating existing parking lot provides foundation.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in view of the above problems, the present invention by parking lot parking stall layout and vehicle parking behavior into
Row correlative study and analysis propose the side of a kind of multi-angle, many-sided evaluation inner part of parking lot traffic organization and design rationality
Method, to solve the single status of existing evaluation index.
Technical solution: to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: one kind being based on parking lot vehicle
The evaluation method of position layout and vehicle parking behavior.
Evaluation method content the present invention is based on parking position layout and vehicle parking behavior includes: by parking lot
Parking stall layout and vehicle parking behavior carry out the analysis of different angle, establish Parking efficiency, parking stall duration utilization rate
With three evaluation indexes of parking stall space occupancy, analyze object parking lot situation condition, demand and functional characteristic, according to point
Analysis situation chooses corresponding index, thus the comprehensive reasonability for comprehensively evaluating inner part of parking lot traffic organization and design.
(1) the Parking efficiency evaluation index proposed refers specifically to the average time of parking lot vehicle parking.
For a certain parking lot, single driver to parking stall and parks used in vehicle processes from Entrance
Time is t.It stops if in a certain period of time, sharing N drivers and driving to drive into the parking lot, then to i-th bit driving
For people, finds parking stall and park the time used in vehicle processes as ti:
Wherein, Si: i-th bit driver is from Entrance to the shortest distance that parking stall is travelled, unit m；
V: in a certain period of time, the N position driver that observation statistics drives into parking lot finds vehicle driving when parking stall
Speed.Using the method for mathematical statistics, observed data are drawn in speed probability distribution graph.Probability in fast probability distribution graph of picking up the car
Corresponding travel speed is as v value, unit m/s when maximum；
tc: in a certain period of time, observation statistics drives into the N position driver in parking lot in any turning bend institute's used time
Between.The average value in statistical data is taken, as the N position driver time t used in any bend for driving into parking lotc, single
Position is s；
ni: the bend number for including in the minimal path that i-th bit driver travels when finding parking stall；
tp: in a certain period of time, the position the N driver that observation statistics drives into parking lot completes parking after finding parking stall
Time used in process.The average value in statistical data is taken, is stopped as the N position driver for driving into parking lot on any parking stall
Time t used in vehiclep, unit s.Storage period tpInclude 3 seed types: first is that driver parks horizontal parking stall institute's used time
Between；Second is that driver parks the time used in diagonal parking position, if the tilt angle on parking stall is 60 °；Third is that driver
Park the time used in rectilinear parking stall.
By the above-mentioned formula provided, the position the N driver that the parking lot is driven into calculating parks the time used in vehicle processes
ti, from obtained N number of tiValue, the position the N driver that can obtain driving into the parking lot park cars average time used are as follows:
When evaluating the parking efficiency in a certain parking lot with above-mentioned formula, the parking stall layout side that is provided by parking lot
After formula, traffic organization method and vehicle parking behavioral data calculate the specific value of parking efficiency evaluation index, result is analyzed
It can obtain, the average time of all vehicle parkings is fewer, shows that the internal transportation tissue in parking lot more optimizes, interior design is more closed
Reason, parking efficiency are higher.
(2) parking stall duration utilization rate refers to that all storage period summations to park cars in parking lot account for institute in one day
There is parking stall to be fully parked with 24 hours percentage by vehicle.
For a certain parking lot, in single parking stall one day by vehicle parking when it is a length ofWherein Tα
For occupied duration in the α parking stall one day, tαiFor when the parking of i-th vehicle parked on the α parking stall in one day
Long, n is the vehicle number in one day in the α parking stall parking (chronomere is h).
Parking stall duration utilization rate β are as follows:Wherein TαIt is occupied in the α parking stall one day
Total duration, N be Parking position sum.Parking stall duration utilization rate is for measuring all parking stalls in a parking lot one day
Among service condition.If the β numerical value being calculated is bigger, illustrate that parking stall utilization efficiency is higher in parking lot, shows indirectly
The reasonability of the inner part of parking lot traffic organization and design.
(3) parking stall space occupancy refers to that the region occupied area on parking stall in parking lot and vehicle parking are related to face
Long-pending ratio, wherein vehicle parking area involved refers to that the region occupied area on parking stall and the traveling in front of parking space are led to
The sum of road area.The region area calculating process on single parking stall are as follows:
When 0≤θ < 90 °,
When θ=90 °, S1=WL.
Wherein, S1For the region area on single parking stall, W is parking bit width, and L is parking bit length, θ (0 °≤θ≤
90 °) be parking stall tilt angle, i.e. the length L on parking stall and the corner dimension of running lanes.
Running lanes areal calculation formula in front of single unit vehicle parking stall are as follows:
When 0≤θ < 90 °,When θ=90 °, S2=WR.
Wherein, S2For the running lanes area in front of single unit vehicle parking stall, the face that vehicle is run in docking process
The long-pending area in front of the entrance of parking stall, therefore the running lanes area S in front of single unit vehicle parking stall2For vehicle driving channel
Minimum widith R be parallel to the single parking stall throat width of channel directionProduct；W is vehicle parking bit width, L
For vehicle parking bit length, R is the minimum widith in channel, and the minimum turning radius of car in parking lot is recommended to take 5.5m, minimum
Turning radius be automobile turning when turning center arrive the minimum range between vehicle outer side steered wheel track, parking lot channel minimum
Width is related with minimum turning radius, and the minimum widith in channel is R=5.5-2.4cos θ.
Parking space space occupancy AsAre as follows:Wherein, S1iFor i-th of parking stall
Region area, S2iFor the running lanes area in front of i-th of parking space, N is Parking position sum.Vehicle parking
Bit space occupation rate is used to measure the effectiveness in land occupation region in parking stall in parking lot, ASNumerical value shows that more greatly parking stall is taken up an area
Effectiveness is higher, and parking stall layout is more reasonable in parking lot.
(4) overall assessment: the evaluation method based on parking position layout and vehicle parking behavior can be used in specifically stopping
In the calculating in parking lot.Wherein, by obtaining the related data of parking position layout such as vehicle driving process in parking lot
Number of turns and its time are stopped on parking stall and are taken time, and are obtained vehicle parking behavioral data such as vehicle and stopped
Operating range, travel speed in parking lot can calculate to obtain band Parking efficiency；Obtain the correlation of parking position layout
Data such as parking position sum and vehicle parking behavioral data are such as when all vehicles that parking lot is parked respectively are parked
Between can calculate parking stall duration utilization rate；For example single parking stall land occupation of related data by obtaining parking position layout
Size and parking lot internal channel area can calculate parking stall space occupancy.Above three evaluation index is arranged different
Weight, select one or more indexs to be weighted from above three evaluation index, according to calculated result to parking lot
Carry out overall merit.By calculating the evaluation index quantification that will obtain, from parking position layout and vehicle parking behavior
Angle is set out, and is accounted in conjunction with scene condition, demand and the functional characteristic in different parking lots, it is designed in more different parking lots
Between difference degree, and therefrom choose practical application needed for evaluation index, to inner part of parking lot traffic organization, design it is reasonable
Property carry out comprehensive analysis and evaluation, to evaluate the design rationality in existing parking lot and the parking lot of planning construction efficient operation
Foundation is provided.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has following advantageous effects:
Parking stall layout type, internal transportation organizational form and the different vehicle parking row provided by a certain parking lot
For data can calculate three Parking efficiency, parking stall duration utilization rate and parking stall space occupancy indexs, respectively
To evaluate existing parking lot to single driver stop the height of convenience service level picked up the car, in existing parking lot parking stall
The reasonability that space resources is distributed in equilibrium of supply and demand situation and parking lot.It is carried out according to the functional characteristic in evaluation object parking lot
Comprehensively consider, is carried out most preferably according to Rational Proportion of the parking lot under different situations and application demand to three Distribution Indexes
It selects, thus the reasonability of the evaluation inner part of parking lot design of multi-angle.Existing evaluation method is commonly available to the planning in parking lot
Or Site Selection, only consider long-term society and the economic benefit in parking lot, does not account for the service level of inner part of parking lot design
With the features such as running efficiency.Application of the invention will make up the deficiency of existing parking lot appraisement system, to evaluate existing parking lot
Design rationality and planning construction efficient operation parking lot provide foundation.
Attached drawing is said
Fig. 1 is the evaluation method flow chart based on parking position layout and vehicle parking behavior；
Fig. 2 is Parking position schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is one parking lot schematic diagram of scheme；
Fig. 4 is two parking lot schematic diagram of scheme.
Specific embodiment
Further description of the technical solution of the present invention with case study on implementation with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The invention proposes Parking efficiency, parking stall duration utilization rate, parking stall space occupancy indexs.Its
In, Parking efficiency refers specifically to the average time of parking lot vehicle parking.
Parking efficiency is related with following values: (1) vehicle from Entrance travel to parking stall process away from
From, speed；(2) vehicle driving to the bend number encountered during parking stall, each turning bend the time spent in；(3)
The time spent in when driver is stopped to different layout parking stalls.
Parking stall space occupancy is related with the region occupied area of parking space and vehicle parking area involved.Its
In, the region occupied area of parking space and the layout (i.e. the length on parking stall, width and inclination angle etc.) on parking stall are related,
Vehicle parking area involved is related with the minimum widith R in vehicle driving channel.
Duration and Parking position are parked in parking stall duration utilization rate numerical values recited and single parking stall one day
Sum is related, i.e. parking duration of the numerical values recited depending on vehicle, unrelated with the parking stall location layout in parking lot.Vehicle
Total storage period it is longer, parking stall duration utilization rate is higher.
It to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, herein will be in conjunction with following case study on implementation 1 and implementation
The present invention is described in further detail in parking lot similar in 2 two areas of case, and give detailed embodiment and
Specific operation process, but protection scope of the present invention is not only restricted to following examples.
Case study on implementation 1
As shown in figure 3, scheme one is stopped 92.20 meters of head, 89.84 meters wide, area 8,283.24m2, internal parking stall
It is divided into 8 rows, every row there are 25 parking stalls, totally 200 parking stalls.Every row is the diagonal parking position that inclination angle is 60 °, exporter
It is consistent to direction is driven out to vehicle.Driver drives into the parking lot and separates with the parking lot route is driven out to, but at entrance
It is combined.Inner part of parking lot shares the operation parking route of 4 optimization from top to bottom.Therefore, for each motor vehicle,
The route of vehicle driving is one-way circulation route, therefore be can avoid because of inner part of parking lot clogging caused by counter flow, i.e.,
Vehicle travel speed in the parking lot is larger.
When with present invention parking one parking lot of efficiency rating scheme, it need to calculate in certain time period and drive into the parking lot
All drivers find and parking stall and park time t used in vehicle processes, that is, need the parking lot to provide its parking stall layout
Mode and the specific parking behavior data of driver.When calculating time t, statistics following data: every driving need to be first observed
People is from Entrance to the shortest distance S that parking stall is travelledi；Drive into parking lot traveling when finding best parking stall
The bend number n for including in routei, niDepending on being laid out by parking position, this example hypothesis is 2；Pass through turning in the parking lot
Average time used in bend, it is assumed that average value tc=2s；It is parked average time used in 60 ° of oblique parking stalls in the parking lot, it is false
If average value is tp=5s；Vehicle average overall travel speed when parking stall is found in the parking lot, it can be according to speed probability distribution
Figure, corresponding travel speed can obtain v=22km/h as v value when taking wherein maximum probability.By above-mentioned observation statistical result,
Driver can be calculated when using the parking lot, the average value of all vehicle parking total times.
With the region land occupation face in parking stall space occupancy of the present invention, needing to calculate parking space in parking lot
Product S1With the running lanes area S in front of parking space2Size.It needs to calculate parking stall by parking lot essential attribute
The size of space occupancy.Wherein, in the diagonal parking field in Fig. 3, tilt angle theta=60 ° on parking stall, single parking stall
Specification is length 5.0m, width 2.2m, is S so as to calculate the region area on each parking stall in parking lot1=13.79m2,
The minimum widith R=4.3m in vehicle driving channel, the running lanes area in front of parking space are S2=18.92m2。
With in parking stall duration utilization rate of the invention, needs to obtain each parking stall in one day and stopped by different vehicle
The duration put calculates in all parking stalls one day by the total time duration of vehicle parking.Assuming that in one day add up have 400 vehicles into
The parking lot out, and vehicle parking stall be averaged park when it is 4 hours a length of.
Case study on implementation 2
As shown in figure 4, scheme two is stopped 98.52 meters of head, 84.08 meters wide, area 8283.56m2, internal parking stall
It is divided into 8 rows, every row there are 20 parking stalls, and two wing passages respectively place 20 parking stalls, parking lot totally 200 parking stalls.It is all
Parking stall is rectilinear parking stall.Inner part of parking lot lane is two-way two lane, and every row parking stall channel Zhong Junyou is for vehicle
It drives through, lane width is 4.76 meters, and channel width needed for interior vehicle is stopped is 5.5 meters, and different vehicle vehicle line is deposited
In crossover phenomenon, i.e. vehicle travel speed in the parking lot is smaller.
When with present invention parking two parking lot of efficiency rating scheme, it need to calculate in certain time period and drive into the parking lot
All drivers find and parking stall and park time t used in vehicle processes, that is, need the parking lot to provide its parking stall layout
Mode and the specific parking behavior data of driver.When calculating time t, statistics following data: every driving need to be first observed
People is from Entrance to the shortest distance S that parking stall is travelledi；Drive into parking lot traveling when finding best parking stall
The bend number n for including in routei, niDepending on being laid out by parking position, driver selects different routes to find parking stall
When, niTake different value；Pass through average time used in turning bend in the parking lot, it is assumed that average value tc=2s；In the parking lot
Park average time used in rectilinear parking stall, it is assumed that average value tp=10s；Vehicle when parking stall is found in the parking lot
Average overall travel speed, can be according to speed probability distribution graph, and corresponding travel speed can obtain v as v value when taking wherein maximum probability
=14km/h.By above-mentioned observation statistical result, driver can be calculated when using the parking lot, all vehicle parkings are total
The average value of time.
With the region land occupation face in parking stall space occupancy of the present invention, needing to calculate parking space in parking lot
Product S1With the running lanes area S in front of parking space2Size.It needs to calculate parking stall by parking lot essential attribute
The size of space occupancy.Wherein, in the rectilinear parking lot in Fig. 4, single parking stall specification is length 5.0m, width
2.2m is S so as to calculate the region area on each parking stall in parking lot1=11.00m2；Interior vehicle running lanes
Minimum widith R=5.5m, the running lanes area in front of parking space are S2=12.10m2；Two sides vehicle driving channel width
For 9.54m, the running lanes area in front of parking stall is S2=15.40m2。
With in parking stall duration utilization rate of the invention, needs to obtain each parking stall in one day and stopped by different vehicle
The duration put calculates in all parking stalls one day by the total time duration of vehicle parking.Assuming that in one day add up have 400 vehicles into
The parking lot out, and vehicle parking stall be averaged park when it is 3 hours a length of.
Evaluation index of the invention is calculated, table 1 is the evaluation index result in two example parking lots:
Table 1
It can be contrasted from the result of table, the average time of one Parking of scheme is more flat than Parking in scheme two
The equal time is few, shows that one Parking of scheme is high-efficient, inner part of parking lot traffic organization optimization, and interior design is more reasonable；Side
The parking space space occupancy in two parking lot of case is higher than one Parking bit space occupation rate of scheme, shows its parking stall
It is higher to take up an area effectiveness；As shown in example, when in two parking lots parking stall be averaged park cars number it is identical when, according to
Existing parking turnover rate index calculates, and obtained numerical value is identical, can not directly compare the utilization efficiency height in parking lot.
But the height of parking stall duration utilization rate also with related, scheme one parking lot available from 1 data of table of parking duration of vehicle
Parking total duration it is longer, therefore its parking stall duration utilization rate is higher.
Finally, the considerations of designer can carry out index according to the demand in different parking lots, functional characteristic etc. and selection.
For example, the parking lot of design needs for park and shift, needs to have the function of that progress is quickly collecting and distributing, it is high-efficient that parking may be selected
Parking lot design scheme.
It can be obtained from above-mentioned evaluation method, under the roughly equal different parking lots of area, evaluation index of the invention can
Compare the superiority and inferiority degree between parking lot by the calculating of quantification, the situation status more single to previous evaluation index into
Row improves, and considers from different perspectives, more comprehensive evaluation is carried out to inner part of parking lot design and operational efficiency, thus for parking
The planning construction of field provides foundation.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of evaluation method based on parking position layout and vehicle parking behavior, which is characterized in that by parking lot
Parking stall layout and vehicle parking behavior carry out the analysis of different angle, calculate Parking efficiency, parking stall duration utilization rate
With three evaluation indexes of parking stall space occupancy, different weights is set to above three evaluation index, is commented from above three
It selects one or more indexs to be weighted in valence index, overall merit is carried out to parking lot according to calculated result.
2. the evaluation method of a kind of inner part of parking lot traffic organization according to claim 1 and design, which is characterized in that stop
Stop efficiency index in parking lot, refers specifically to the average time of parking lot vehicle parking, calculation method is as follows:
For a certain parking lot, single driver to parking stall and parks the time used in vehicle processes from Entrance
For t, if in a certain period of time, shared N drivers, which drive to drive into the parking lot, stops, then to i-th bit driver and
Speech finds parking stall and parks the time used in vehicle processes as ti:
Wherein, Si: i-th bit driver is from Entrance to the shortest distance that parking stall is travelled, unit m；
V: in a certain period of time, the N position driver that observation statistics drives into parking lot finds Vehicle Speed when parking stall,
Using the method for mathematical statistics, observed data are drawn in speed probability distribution graph, maximum probability in fast probability distribution graph of picking up the car
When corresponding travel speed as v value, unit m/s；
tc: in a certain period of time, observation statistics drives into N position driver time used in any turning bend in parking lot, takes system
Average value in counting, as the N position driver time t used in any bend for driving into parking lotc, unit s；
ni: the bend number for including in the minimal path that i-th bit driver travels when finding parking stall；
tp: in a certain period of time, the position the N driver that observation statistics drives into parking lot completes docking process after finding parking stall
Time used takes the average value in statistical data, as driving into the N position driver in parking lot in any parking stall parking institute
With time tp, unit s, storage period tpInclude 3 seed types: first is that driver parks the time used in horizontal parking stall；Two
It is that driver parks the time used in diagonal parking position；Third is that driver parks the time used in rectilinear parking stall；
By the above-mentioned formula provided, the position the N driver that parking lot is driven into calculating certain time period parks cars used in process
Time ti, from obtained N number of tiValue, the position the N driver that can must drive into the parking lot park cars average time used as Ta:
3. the evaluation method of a kind of inner part of parking lot traffic organization according to claim 1 or 2 and design, feature exist
In parking stall duration utilization rate, i.e., all storage period summations to park cars in parking lot account for all parking stall quilts in one day
Vehicle is fully parked with 24 hours percentage, and calculation method is as follows:
For a certain parking lot, in single parking stall one day by vehicle parking when it is a length ofWherein TαFor α
Occupied duration in a parking stall one day, tαiDuration is parked for i-th vehicle being parked in one day on the α parking stall, n is
In the vehicle number of the α parking stall parking in one day, chronomere is h；
Parking stall duration utilization rate β are as follows:Wherein, TαIt is occupied total in the α parking stall one day
Duration, N are Parking position sum.
4. the evaluation method of a kind of inner part of parking lot traffic organization according to claim 1 or 2 and design, feature exist
In, parking stall space occupancy, i.e., the ratio of the region occupied area Yu vehicle parking area involved on parking stall in parking lot,
The region occupied area and the sum of the running lanes area in front of parking space that middle vehicle parking area involved refers to parking stall,
The region area calculating process on single parking stall are as follows:
When 90 ° of 0≤θ <,
When θ=90 °, S1=WL；
Wherein, S1For the region area on single parking stall, W is parking bit width, and L is parking bit length, and θ is the inclination on parking stall
Angle, the i.e. length on parking stall be L side and running lanes corner dimension, 0 °≤θ≤90 °；
Running lanes areal calculation formula in front of single unit vehicle parking stall are as follows:
When 90 ° of 0≤θ <,When θ=90 °, S2=WR；
Wherein, S2Running lanes area for the running lanes area in front of single unit vehicle parking stall, in front of single unit vehicle parking stall
S2For the minimum widith R in vehicle driving channel be parallel to the single parking stall throat width of channel directionProduct；W is
Vehicle parking bit width, L are vehicle parking bit length, and R is the minimum widith in channel；
Parking space space occupancy AsAre as follows:Wherein S1iFor the region on i-th of parking stall
Area, S2iFor the running lanes area in front of i-th of parking space, N is Parking position sum.
5. the evaluation method of a kind of inner part of parking lot traffic organization according to claim 4 and design, which is characterized in that institute
The minimum widith for stating channel is R=5.5-2.4cos θ.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN112365736A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-02-12 | 河海大学 | Method for setting temporary parking area of network appointment vehicle |
| CN112784348A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-05-11 | 万翼科技有限公司 | Lane design method, lane design device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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| CN114446090A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-05-06 | 深圳小库科技有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for generating parking space arrangement scheme of ground parking lot |
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