CN104899679A - City cbd parking lot comprehensive evaluation method - Google Patents
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- CN104899679A CN104899679A CN201510235816.7A CN201510235816A CN104899679A CN 104899679 A CN104899679 A CN 104899679A CN 201510235816 A CN201510235816 A CN 201510235816A CN 104899679 A CN104899679 A CN 104899679A
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Abstract
The invention provides a city CBD parking lot comprehensive evaluation method. A city CBD parking lot comprehensive evaluation index system is established, then a multi-stage comprehensive evaluation method is used, and a city CBD parking lot comprehensive evaluation model is established. According to the method, the systematic, hierarchy and fuzzy features of parking lot evaluation are fully considered, and a quantitative evaluation result is given. The method is useful for urban traffic managers to understand parking current situation, optimize and improve parking facilities, facilitate residents traveling by cars and solve city area parking lot supply and demand contradiction.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is the management of a kind of urban transportation combined system and the technology optimizing field, and specifically CBD parking lot, a kind of city integrated evaluating method, comprises city CBD parking lot System of Comprehensive Evaluation and CBD parking lot, city comprehensive evaluation model.
Background technology
In recent years, along with Urban vehicles poputation significantly rises, create the parking problem of a series of sternness, comprise parking stall shortage, stop block up, illegal parking, Car park payment is improper, parking service level is low.Parking problem is particularly serious at Central Commercial (CBD).In order to understand current parking lot present situation (comprising operational efficiency and service level), and then provide the suggestion improving parking problem, urban traffic control person carries out CBD parking lot, city comprehensive evaluation in the urgent need to set of system effectively evaluating method.
More domestic scholars once carried out evaluation study to parking lot from different perspectives.Zhang Yi, Xing Zhanwen, Guo Xiao Fen " parsing of city Public Parking program evaluation index system " ([J]. urban issues, 2007,7:40 ?42.) in the evaluation index of 14 city Public Parkings planning is proposed from different perspectives altogether, but the measure of index, the distribution of weight and Calculation Estimation method are inquired into further.Cai Jiaming " research of urban parking area fuzzy evaluation " ([J]. Shanghai University Of Engineering Science's journal, 2009,23 (4): 304 ?307.) in from parking lot average turnover rate, parking lot utilization factor, peak time turnover rate and parking person's satisfaction four aspects give different weight urban parking area evaluated.But he does not carry out refinement analysis to parking person's satisfaction index.Dong Hongyan, Wang Qiuping " the parking lot service level evaluation based on fuzzy theory " ([J]. transport science and techonologies are with economical, 2009,11 (6): 14 ?17.) in evaluate from safety, convenience and efficient three service levels of aspect to parking lot, but the operational efficiency in parking lot itself not to be considered.Afterwards, Zheng Shujian, Zheng Xishuan, Wei Qingbo, Deng " parking lot postitallation evaluation Research on Index System " ([J]. transport information and safe ISTIC, 2014,32 (2): 68 ?71.) start with from the actual operating data in parking lot, analyze parking efficiency, traffic impact, business income and other four aspects indexs situation over time, reflect parking lot practical operation situation.But they do not give weight to different index further and carry out comprehensive evaluation to parking lot.Generally speaking, mainly there are two defects in existing parking lot evaluation method: selecting index imperfection and do not give weight to index (particularly qualitative index) further and carry out quantitative evaluation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to prior art above shortcomings, propose CBD parking lot, a kind of city integrated evaluating method, finally obtain the evaluation result of quantification.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention sets up CBD parking lot, city System of Comprehensive Evaluation, then uses multi-level comprehensive evaluation method, sets up CBD parking lot, city comprehensive evaluation model.
A kind of CBD parking lot, city System of Comprehensive Evaluation, is divided into three layer of two large class, 6 indexs, each index definition and balancing method brief introduction as follows:
(1) parking lot utilization factor standard deviation index
Parking lot hour utilization factor refers to the utilization power in all berths, parking lot in unit hour, and its computing formula is:
Wherein: A
hfor parking lot hour utilization factor, N is the vehicle number parked in statistics hour, t
kfor the time that a kth car is parked, C is parking lot Berth number.
Parking lot utilization factor standard deviation index is used to the departure degree measuring hour utilization factor and its ideal value in the working time of parking lot, represent with the evolution of the arithmetic mean number of the quadratic sum of the difference of the parking lot hour utilization factor of each hour and parking lot utilization factor expectation value, that is:
Wherein:
for parking lot utilization factor standard deviation index; A
hfor parking lot hour utilization factor; A
0for parking lot utilization factor expectation value, expectation value here refers to the optimal utilization rate value under the rationality state of parking lot, and according to investigation statistics, its value is generally 95%; T is the hours worked in parking lot.
value is the smaller the better, illustrates that this parking lot utilization power is more close to expectation state.
(2) parking turnover rate
Parking turnover rate refers to the average stop frequency in each berth, parking lot operationally, characterizes the Car Turnover situation in parking lot.Its computing formula is:
Wherein: R
hfor parking turnover rate, M be operationally in sail the vehicle number in parking lot into.R
hhigher, show that the vehicle number that parking lot is served is more, the operational efficiency in parking lot is better.
(3) parking lot service radius
The service radius in parking lot refers to the distance of parking spot to destination, is generally the walking distance of parking user.Parking person expects that walking distance is more short better, and it is relevant to the situation that arranges in parking lot etc. city size.Under normal circumstances, the receptible walking distance of more than 95% parking person is about 220 meters, and walking distance is more than 350 meters, then service level is lower.
(4) parking lot accessibility
Parking lot accessibility refers to that parking person arrives the complexity on parking lot and parking stall by city road network, it with the road degree of crowding, parking guidance information, parking lot the population that goes out arrange relevant with the experience etc. of parking person.Well then parking lot utilization factor is just high for parking lot accessibility, therefore should manage the accessibility improving parking lot.
(5) parking rate
Car park payment is the effective means regulating parking demand, is the key factor affecting parking behavior.Parking rate not only comprises parking price, and also comprise charging way (as: in due order, temporally etc.) and chargeable time unit, this index should consider this three aspect.
(6) parking lot value added service
Parking lot value added service refers to that parking lot is supplied to other Additional Services except basic parking service of parking user.According to investigations, the value added service of welcoming by parking person is that vehicle maintenance is served, and is secondly foreign material storage services.
Especially, (3) ?(6) four horizontal indexs of parking service also carry out quantitative test by the method for mathematical statistics.
A kind of CBD parking lot, city comprehensive evaluation model, its hierarchical structure as shown in Figure 2.Its basic step is: (1) is determined set of factors and evaluated collection.(2) agriculture products weight.(3) Evaluations matrix is set up.(4) carry out multi-level comprehensive evaluation, determine evaluation result.
Determine set of factors and evaluate collection, set of factors is made up of element in rule layer and indicator layer.The set of factors of CBD parking lot, city comprehensive evaluation is: ground floor: U={U
1, U
2.The second layer: U
1={ U
11, U
12; U
2={ U
21, U
22, U
23, U
24.
Evaluate collection to be made up of possible evaluation result, the evaluation collection of CBD parking lot, city comprehensive evaluation is: V={v
1, v
2, v
3, v
4, v
5}={ is good, better, generally, poor, poor }.
Determine evaluation criterion weight, basic step is: (1) determines weight sets, three set of factors U, U that CBD parking lot, city is evaluated
1and U
2weight sets can be denoted as A, A
1and A
2; (2) multilevel iudge matrix is between two constructed; (3) by asking eigenvalue of maximum and the proper vector agriculture products weight of judgment matrix, and consistency check is carried out.The weight sets of the evaluation index finally determined is:
Ground floor: A={a
1, a
2}=(0.58,0.42).
The second layer: A
1={ a
11, a
12}={ 0.75,0.25};
A
2＝{a
21，a
22，a
23，a
24}＝{0.602，0.126，0.217，0.055}。
Set up Evaluations matrix, Evaluations matrix is that each factor of set of factors corresponds to the relational matrix evaluating collection, and the value of each element of this matrix reflects the degree of membership of each index factor for each opinion rating.Corresponding to three set of factors U, U
1and U
2, the Evaluations matrix that CBD parking lot, city is evaluated is denoted as R, R
1and R
2.Parking lot utilization factor standard deviation index (U
11) and parking turnover rate (U
12) evaluation criterion of two indices is as shown in table 1, and the method for trapezoidal profile can be adopted to determine membership function.Then by U
11and U
12statistical value substitute in the membership function of its each opinion rating corresponding, the vector of gained value composition is normalized again, can obtain U
11and U
12corresponding to the Membership Vestor of opinion rating.Parking lot service radius (U
21), parking lot accessibility (U
22), parking rate (U
23) and parking lot value added service (U
24) 4 indexs, the method for mathematical statistics can be adopted to determine membership function, each index is subordinate to frequency as degree of membership value to each opinion rating.
Table 1: the evaluation criterion of operational efficiency index
Multi-level comprehensive evaluation is divided into 4 steps: the selection of (1) operator, chooses weighted mean operator and carry out comprehensive evaluation in the present invention.(2) one-level comprehensive evaluation, the evaluation vector of parking lot operational efficiency is: B
1=A
1ο R
1=(b
11, b
12..., b
15), the evaluation vector of parking lot service level is: B
2=A
2ο R
2=(b
21, b
22..., b
25).(3) secondary comprehensive evaluation, two-level appraisement matrix is the result set that one-level is evaluated, and the evaluation vector of parking lot level of aggregation is:
evaluation result process, processes by method of weighted mean, namely with b
jfor variable, with opinion rating element of set element v
jgrade point as weight, value weighted mean obtained is taken as final appraisal results.{ good, better, general, poor, poor } 5 grade points that opinion rating is corresponding are defined as 100,80,60,40,20}, then evaluation result is centesimal form.
CBD parking lot, city comprehensive evaluation model can carry out comprehensive evaluation to single parking lot, also can carry out regional complex evaluation to parking lots all in region.Using the Berth number in each parking lot as weight, the evaluation result in parking lots all in region is weighted on average, obtains the score of car park areas level.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is CBD parking lot, city System of Comprehensive Evaluation;
Fig. 2 is CBD parking lot, city comprehensive evaluation model hierarchical structure;
Fig. 3 is CBD nucleus parking lot, Xujiahui distribution situation;
Fig. 4 is CBD parking lot, city integrated evaluating method
Embodiment
Elaborate to embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, gives detailed embodiment and specific operation process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment is using 18 parking lots in the CBD nucleus of Xujiahui, Shanghai City as evaluation object.Fig. 3 is the distribution situation in 18 parking lots.
Parking lot operational efficiency investigation adopts the method for Real-Time Monitoring on the spot.Using 18 parking lots listed above as investigation object, then to each parking lot in one day from 8:00 to 23:00 the data of there is any discrepancy vehicle comprise vehicles identifications (as license plate number), the time of sailing into, the time of rolling away from carries out record, statistics obtain per hour in park vehicle number, storage period of each car and interior quantity of newly sailing parking lot vehicle into per hour, to calculate hour utilization factor and the parking turnover rate in parking lot.Parking utilization factor standard deviation index is calculated again for parking lot hour utilization factor.Table 2 is the operational efficiency indicator-specific statistics result in 18 parking lots in the CBD nucleus of Xujiahui.Evaluation criterion in associative list 1 can set up the Evaluations matrix of parking lot operational efficiency.
Table 2: operational efficiency evaluation index value in parking lot in the CBD nucleus of Xujiahui
Parking lot service level adopts the mode of mathematical statistics.Obtain parking lot service radius, accessibility, expenses standard, value added service four indexs by finding statistics and frequency is subordinate to each opinion rating.For mall parking lot, east, the corresponding each grades of its four service level indexs to be subordinate to frequency as shown in table 3, the Evaluations matrix of mall parking lot, east service level can be set up accordingly.
Table 3: mall parking lot, east service level evaluation index is subordinate to frequency to each grade
According to investigation and analysis the data obtained, according to 4 steps of CBD parking lot, city comprehensive evaluation model, the quantitative evaluation result of the operational efficiency in 18 parking lots, service level and level of aggregation can be calculated, as shown in table 4.
Table 4: CBD parking lot, Xujiahui multi-level comprehensive evaluation result
Be weighted by Berth number 18 parking lot comprehensive grading results, can obtain parking lot, region, Xujiahui aggregate level must be divided into 66.33.Illustrate that parking lot, region, Xujiahui is in " better " grade, but close to " generally ", from long-run development angle, need improve.
Claims (6)
1. a city CBD parking lot integrated evaluating method, is characterized in that, sets up CBD parking lot, city System of Comprehensive Evaluation, then uses multi-level comprehensive evaluation method, sets up CBD parking lot, city comprehensive evaluation model.
2. CBD parking lot, city according to claim 1 integrated evaluating method, it is characterized in that, described assessment indicator system comprises:
1) parking lot utilization factor standard deviation index, namely parking lot hour utilization factor refers to the utilization power in all berths, parking lot in unit hour, is specially:
wherein: A
hfor parking lot hour utilization factor, N is the vehicle number parked in statistics hour, t
kfor the time that a kth car is parked, C is parking lot Berth number;
Parking lot utilization factor standard deviation index is used to the departure degree measuring hour utilization factor and its ideal value in the working time of parking lot, represent with the evolution of the arithmetic mean number of the quadratic sum of the difference of the parking lot hour utilization factor of each hour and parking lot utilization factor expectation value, that is:
wherein:
for parking lot utilization factor standard deviation index; A
hfor parking lot hour utilization factor; A
0for parking lot utilization factor expectation value, expectation value here refers to the optimal utilization rate value under the rationality state of parking lot, and according to investigation statistics, its value is generally 95%; T is the hours worked in parking lot;
value is the smaller the better, illustrates that this parking lot utilization power is more close to expectation state;
2) parking turnover rate, namely parking turnover rate refers to the average stop frequency in each berth, parking lot operationally, characterizes the Car Turnover situation in parking lot, is specially:
wherein: R
hfor parking turnover rate, M be operationally in sail the vehicle number in parking lot into; R
hhigher, show that the vehicle number that parking lot is served is more, the operational efficiency in parking lot is better;
3) parking lot service radius, namely the service radius in parking lot refers to the distance of parking spot to destination, is generally the walking distance of parking user; Parking person expects that walking distance is more short better, and it is relevant to the situation that arranges in parking lot etc. city size; Under normal circumstances, the receptible walking distance of more than 95% parking person is about 220 meters, and walking distance is more than 350 meters, then service level is lower;
4) parking lot accessibility, namely parking lot accessibility refers to that parking person arrives the complexity on parking lot and parking stall by city road network, it with the road degree of crowding, parking guidance information, parking lot the population that goes out arrange relevant with the experience etc. of parking person; Well then parking lot utilization factor is just high for parking lot accessibility, therefore should manage the accessibility improving parking lot;
5) parking rate, namely Car park payment is the effective means regulating parking demand, is the key factor affecting parking behavior; Parking rate not only comprises parking price, and also comprise charging way (as: in due order, temporally etc.) and chargeable time unit, this index should consider this three aspect;
6) parking lot value added service, namely parking lot value added service refers to that parking lot is supplied to other Additional Services except basic parking service of parking user; According to investigations, the value added service of welcoming by parking person is that vehicle maintenance is served, and is secondly foreign material storage services.
3. CBD parking lot, city according to claim 1 integrated evaluating method, is characterized in that, described multi-level comprehensive evaluation method, specifically comprises:
1) choose weighted mean operator and carry out comprehensive evaluation;
2) one-level comprehensive evaluation, the evaluation vector of parking lot operational efficiency is: B
1=A
1o R
1=(b
11, b
12..., b
15), the evaluation vector of parking lot service level is: B
2=A
2o R
2=(b
21, b
22..., b
25);
3) secondary comprehensive evaluation, two-level appraisement matrix is the result set that one-level is evaluated, and the evaluation vector of parking lot level of aggregation is:
4) evaluation result process, processes by method of weighted mean, namely with b
jfor variable, with opinion rating element of set element v
jgrade point as weight, value weighted mean obtained is taken as final appraisal results.
4. CBD parking lot, city according to claim 1 and 2 integrated evaluating method, it is characterized in that, in described evaluation index: parking lot service radius, parking lot accessibility, parking rate, parking lot value added service carry out quantitative test by the method for mathematical statistics.
5. CBD parking lot, city according to claim 1 integrated evaluating method, is characterized in that, described sets up CBD parking lot, city comprehensive evaluation model, specifically comprises the following steps:
1) determine set of factors and evaluate collection, namely determine set of factors and evaluate collection, set of factors is made up of element in rule layer and indicator layer, and the set of factors of CBD parking lot, city comprehensive evaluation is: ground floor: U={U
1, U
2, the second layer: U
1={ U
11, U
12; U
2={ U
21, U
22, U
23, U
24;
Evaluate collection to be made up of possible evaluation result, the evaluation collection of CBD parking lot, city comprehensive evaluation is: V={v
1, v
2, v
3, v
4, v
5}={ is good, better, generally, poor, poor };
2) agriculture products weight, concrete steps comprise:
2.1) weight sets is determined, three set of factors U, U that CBD parking lot, city is evaluated
1and U
2weight sets can be denoted as A, A
1and A
2;
2.2) multilevel iudge matrix is between two constructed;
2.3) by asking eigenvalue of maximum and the proper vector agriculture products weight of judgment matrix, and carry out consistency check, the weight sets of the evaluation index finally determined is:
Ground floor: A={a
1, a
2}=(0.58,0.42);
The second layer: A
1={ a
11, a
12}={ 0.75,0.25}; A
2={ a
21, a
22, a
23, a
24}={ 0.602,0.126,0.217,0.055};
3) set up Evaluations matrix, namely each factor of set of factors corresponds to the relational matrix evaluating collection, and concrete steps comprise:
3.1) corresponding to three set of factors U, U
1and U
2, the Evaluations matrix that CBD parking lot, city is evaluated is denoted as R, R
1and R
2; Parking lot utilization factor standard deviation index (U
11) and parking turnover rate (U
12) evaluation criterion of two indices, adopt the method for trapezoidal profile to determine membership function;
3.2) by U
11and U
12statistical value substitute in the membership function of its each opinion rating corresponding, the vector of gained value composition is normalized again, can obtain U
11and U
12corresponding to the Membership Vestor of opinion rating, i.e. parking lot service radius (U
21), parking lot accessibility (U
22), parking rate (U
23) and parking lot value added service (U
24) 4 indexs, adopt the method for mathematical statistics to determine membership function, each index is subordinate to frequency as degree of membership value to each opinion rating;
4) carry out multi-level comprehensive evaluation, determine evaluation result.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described final appraisal results comprise: { good, better, general, poor, poor } 5 grade points that opinion rating is corresponding are defined as 100,80,60,40,20}, then evaluation result is centesimal form.
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| CN105427654A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-23 | 天津科技大学 | City parking method |
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| CN117576944A (en) * | 2024-01-15 | 2024-02-20 | 陕西华贝金服网络科技有限公司 | Parking system and method for parking lot |
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| CN107025573A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-08-08 | 广州地理研究所 | A kind of drive trains metered student's classification dispatching method and device |
| CN107680401B (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2021-07-09 | 长沙理工大学 | Parking space satisfaction evaluation method based on interval two-type fuzzy set |
| CN107680401A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-02-09 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of evaluation method for the parking stall satisfaction closed based on section type-2 fuzzy sets |
| CN108985539A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-12-11 | 三峡大学 | A kind of method and device for evaluating parking lot roading |
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| CN113283762A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2021-08-20 | 三峡大学 | Device for evaluating parking lot road planning |
| CN109118820A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-01 | 重庆英传智能科技研究院有限公司 | A kind of city parking induction information dynamic emulation method and system |
| CN109583797B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2022-08-02 | 吉林大学 | Commercial complex fuzzy clustering method for parking generation rate acquisition |
| CN109583797A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-05 | 吉林大学 | A kind of Commercial Complex fuzzy clustering method obtained towards parking formation |
| CN110264770A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-09-20 | 西安艾润物联网技术服务有限责任公司 | Parking management method and device |
| CN110245847B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2022-08-05 | 河海大学 | Evaluation method based on parking lot parking space layout and vehicle parking behavior |
| CN110245847A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-09-17 | 河海大学 | A kind of evaluation method based on parking position layout and vehicle parking behavior |
| CN112309131A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-02-02 | 北京京东振世信息技术有限公司 | Parking space state monitoring method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN112309131B (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2022-12-27 | 北京京东振世信息技术有限公司 | Parking space state monitoring method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN111105628A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-05 | 北京首钢自动化信息技术有限公司 | Parking lot portrait construction method and device |
| US11081004B1 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-03 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Hierarchical parking assistance by connected vehicles |
| CN113344373A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2021-09-03 | 厦门科拓通讯技术股份有限公司 | Data processing method and device based on parking lot and electronic equipment |
| CN113380071A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-10 | 南京静态交通产业技术研究院 | Parking space level parking demand state evaluation method for large complex |
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| CN114446090A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-05-06 | 深圳小库科技有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for generating parking space arrangement scheme of ground parking lot |
| CN114446090B (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-21 | 深圳小库科技有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for generating parking space arrangement scheme of ground parking lot |
| CN117576944A (en) * | 2024-01-15 | 2024-02-20 | 陕西华贝金服网络科技有限公司 | Parking system and method for parking lot |
| CN117576944B (en) * | 2024-01-15 | 2024-03-12 | 陕西华贝金服网络科技有限公司 | Parking system and method for parking lot |
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