CN109190935A - A kind of highway charging station planing method considering service area and car accident - Google Patents
A kind of highway charging station planing method considering service area and car accident Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of highway charging station planing method considering service area and car accident: the mathematical model for considering the charging station planning of service area is established；By considering that the dynamic traffic emulation mode of car accident obtains the distribution of vehicle flowrate, the car accident methods of sampling and vehicle on highway accident impact analysis method i.e. based on Monte Carlo, it is to first pass through accident frequency and space-time position sampling, it determines the time that accident occurs in one day and section, uses section mode to be analyzed if accident does not occur for the same day；If carrying out accident impact analysis when there is car accident；Charging waiting time model is established according to the distribution of vehicle flowrate, to obtain the charging waiting time；According to the distribution of vehicle flowrate and charging waiting time, the mathematical model for considering the charging station planning of service area is solved using improved adaptive GA-IAGA.The present invention has fully considered the influence of the factors such as existing service area, car accident and waiting time, can build for highway charging station and provide effective guidance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of charging station planing methods.More particularly to a kind of high speed for considering service area and car accident
Highway charging station planing method.
Background technique
A kind of trip tool of the electric car as green non-pollution, is worldwide widelyd popularize at present.
Charging station is that the infrastructure of electricity supplement is provided for electric car, and rational deployment is that convenient and efficient fill is provided for electric car
The guarantee of electricity service.From the point of view of spatial position, charging station can be divided into charging station in city scope and intercity highway fills
Power station.Wherein, important tie of the highway as connection city is the important infrastructure for supporting urban development, guarantees electricity
In intercity traveling, quick electricity supply is of great significance electrical automobile on the way.
Currently, having there is part to study the planning of highway charging station both at home and abroad.However, as on highway
Important foundation setting, existing research more have ignored the influence that service area plans charging station, service area and charging station are located
Also all there are the processes such as facility configuration and income calculation in highway scene, in research method, anticipates with certain reference
Justice.Meanwhile highway have the characteristics that it is totally-enclosed, full-overpass, car accident for highway vehicle flowrate distribution have
Larger impact.In the wagon flow simulation process of charging station planning, influence of the car accident for program results should be fully considered.
In addition, the charging waiting time is to measure charging station to plan rational important indicator, calculated compared to traditional by queueing theory
The method of average latency, it is necessary to the waiting time is embodied using more careful model for charging station program results
It influences.
In view of the above-mentioned deficiency of traditional planning method, the present invention proposes a kind of high speed for considering service area and car accident
Highway charging station planing method, has fully considered the influence of the factors such as existing service area, car accident and waiting time, so that filling
Power scheme method is more practical.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide one kind by consider service area and car accident etc. influence because
Element, so that the highway charging station planning side of the construction of highway charging station more reasonable contemplation service area and car accident
Method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of highway charging station planning considering service area and car accident
Method includes the following steps:
1) mathematical model for considering the charging station planning of service area is established, comprising: establish objective function and constraint item respectively
Part；
2) by considering that the dynamic traffic emulation mode of car accident obtains the distribution of vehicle flowrate, the consideration car accident
Dynamic traffic emulation mode include: the car accident methods of sampling based on Monte Carlo and vehicle on highway accident impact point
Analysis method is to first pass through accident frequency and space-time position sampling, the time that accident occurs in one day and section is determined, if the same day is not
Generation accident then uses section mode to be analyzed；If carrying out accident impact analysis when there is car accident；
3) charging waiting time model is established according to the distribution of vehicle flowrate, to obtain the charging waiting time；
4) according to the distribution of vehicle flowrate and charging waiting time, the charging for considering service area is solved using improved adaptive GA-IAGA
Stand planning mathematical model.
Objective function described in step 1) are as follows:
max(P1+P2-C1-C2-C3-C4) (1)
In formula: P1For Vehicular charging income；P2Net income is consumed for passenger；C1For charging pile construction cost；C2For parking lot
Construction cost；C3For for passenger's rest Facilities Construction cost；C4For operation and maintenance cost and other auxiliary facility construction costs；Its
In,
(1) Vehicular charging takes in P1Calculation formula are as follows:
In formula: n is the sum of the charging station number planned in newly-built charging station and service area；miIt is i-th of charging station in mould
The vehicle fleet serviced in quasi-periodicity, Bj、SOCjThe battery capacity of the jth vehicle of respectively i-th charging station service and charged shape
State；pcFor the electricity price that charges.
(2) passenger consumes net income P2Calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula: s is newly-built charging station number；mpThe electronic vapour serviced in simulation cycle for p-th of newly-built charging station
Vehicle sum；wqFor the carrying number of the q electric car of p-th of newly-built charging station service；λ and bavRespectively pre-capita consumption probability
And the amount of money；In view of supermarket and dining room need certain cost purchase commodity, profit factor alpha, 0 < α < 1, by passenger are set herein
Spending amount is directly converted as net profit；
(3) charging pile construction cost C1Calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula: n is the sum of the charging station number planned in newly-built charging station and service area；riIt is built for i-th of charging station
Charging pile number；pchaFor single charging pile price；Z is the operation time limit；
(4) park construction cost C2Calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula: s is newly-built charging station number；qQue, pFor p-th of charging station maximum charge waiting list length；pparkFor
Single parking stall construction cost；Z is the operation time limit；
(5) passenger's rest Facilities Construction cost C3Calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula: s is newly-built charging station number；qQue, pFor p-th of charging station maximum charge waiting list length；wavFor
Electric car is averaged seating capacity；β is the probability that passenger uses rest facility；savAnd presRespectively per capita needed for rest facility
Area and unit area rest Facilities Construction cost；
(6) operation and maintenance cost and other auxiliary facility construction costs, including distribution transformer, line construction expense and
Electrically-charging equipment maintenance cost is to convert to obtain by fixed investment cost, C4Calculation formula are as follows:
C4=(C1+C2+C3)×σ (7)
In formula: σ is conversion ratio, value 3%.
Constraint condition described in step 1) are as follows:
(1) charging pile the upper limit of the number is arranged to the charging station built in service area:
ry≤rmax, y=1,2 ..., V (8)
In formula: V is the service area sum in planning region；ryFor the charging pile number of y-th of the construction of service area；rmaxFor
Allow the maximum charge stake number built in service area；
(2) charging waiting time constraint, the waiting time t of any vehiclewIt is all satisfied:
tw≤tW, max (9)
In formula: tW, maxFor the maximum charge waiting time.
Step 2) includes:
(1) when and where of car accident generation is determined based on monte carlo method
In conjunction with car accident statistical data, the space-time position that accident occurs is determined by Monte Carlo sampling, recycles road
Section mode is analyzed, and the wagon flow distribution for considering car accident is obtained；
(1.1) accident frequency is sampled
Probability-distribution function of the zero defects duration in setting section are as follows:
In formula: f (ta) indicate that occurs for accident less than t the momentaProbability；A is that the etesian car accident in the section is total
Number；E is the nature truth of a matter, taThe moment occurs for accident；
Since 1-F (t) is the number in section [0,1], i.e. zero defects duration tnaIt is determined by the methods of sampling:
In formula: A is the etesian car accident sum in setting section；R equally distributed random number between [0,1]；
When sampling, if tna> 24, it is believed that accident is not belonging to the same day；If tna≤ 24, it is sampled and will sample every time again
Obtained zero defects duration tnaIt is added, until addition result tna> 24, and to the total number of accident a of same day generationdIt unites
Meter；
(1.2) accident space-time position is sampled
Total length 1 is divided to the section that do not wait for 24 length, each section represents 1 hour, and different length indicates accident
The probability within this hour occurs, generates the random number R between [0,1]t, when random number generated falls in corresponding section
When, that is, think that accident occurred in the period where the section；
(2) vehicle on highway accident impact is analyzed
Establish vehicle on highway accident impact analysis model, it is assumed that xaIt is in t1Car accident occurs for the moment, at accident
Before reason is completed, road passage capability is persistently obstructed, and the road maximum traffic capacity and normal pass situation are denoted as q respectivelymax
/ hour and qnor/ hour, then the traffic capacity is η q after generation accidentmax/ hour, wherein η be accident impact coefficient, 0≤
η≤1.At this point, if road is still able to satisfy current current demand, i.e. qnor≤ηqmax, then normal pass；Such as qnor> η qmax, then
Vehicle on highway accident impact analysis model is established in two stages；
(2.1) accident treatment period impact analysis
Due to qnor> η qmax, then the vehicle from road upstream arrival accident constantly accumulates, and obstruction is gradually generated, in t2
Moment, maximum obstruction number of vehicles T are as follows:
T=(qnor-ηqmax)(t2-t1) (12)
At this point, since car accident causes the section maximum traffic capacity to change, to section mode in accident
Section xaPlace improves, by F (xa, t1)、F(xa, t2) it is denoted as t respectively1And t2Moment accident point xaThe vehicle for reaching and passing through
Sum, then in the accident treatment period via accident point xaThe number of vehicles being driven out to are as follows:
ΔFa(t2-t1)=min { F (xa, t2)-F(xa, i1), η qmax(t2-t1)} (13)
Car accident not only will lead to upstream vehicle and accumulate at accident, can also have an impact to accident downstream vehicle flowrate,
By accident point xaDownstream at be denoted as x at accident downstreamb, labFor xaAnd xbDistance, vaAnd ρavRespectively free stream velocity
With average vehicle density, then from t1+lab/vaMoment, xbPlace starts the influence by accident vehicle flowrate, it is assumed that wagon flow is on road
Communication satisfaction first in first out in section, then under freestream conditions when, for t1< t < t2, by section mode:
In formula: F (xb, t1+lab/va) it is x at accident downstreambAccumulative when starting to be influenced by accident wagon flow passes through vehicle
Number；η is accident impact coefficient, 0≤η≤1 is temporarily reduced, the influence by the downstream road vehicle density of accident impact
Trip is propagated gradually downward；
(2.2) traffic restores period impact analysis
In t2At the moment, accident treatment is completed, due to η qmax< qnor, then accident point xaStill a large amount of vehicle has been accumulated
, and upstream section constantly has new vehicle to reach at accident, therefore accumulative vehicle, there is still a need for leave for a period of time, congestion is complete
It totally disappeared scattered t3Moment calculation formula is as follows:
Since the maximum traffic capacity is restored in section, by F (xa, t2)、F(xa, t3) it is denoted as t respectively2And t3Moment accident occurs
Locate xaThe vehicle fleet that place reaches and passes through, then the traffic recovery period leaves accident point xaVehicle fleet are as follows:
ΔFa(t3-t2)=min { F (xa, t3)-F(xa, t2), qmax(t3-t2)} (16)
The traffic recovery period can also have an impact downstream road section, by section mode, for t2< t < t3, have:
In formula: F (xb, t2+lab/va) it is x at accident downstreambAccumulative when starting to be influenced by accident wagon flow passes through vehicle；
η is accident impact coefficient, 0≤η≤1；
To obtain accident point xaWagon flow variation and the influence to downstream to get to each place in downstream by accident
Vehicle flowrate when influence.
Charging waiting time model described in step 3) are as follows:
In formula, twFor the waiting time of any electric car；R is the charging for the charging station configuration that any electric car reaches
Stake number；When any electric car reaches charging station, mwTo wait electric car number to be charged；BavFor electricity
The average size of electrical automobile battery；SOCavFor the average state-of-charge of electric car；P is the power of charging pile；
The charging waiting time t of any vehicle can be obtained by the charging waiting time modelw。
Step 4) includes:
(1) road network, trip matrix and information of vehicles parameter are inputted, improved adaptive GA-IAGA parameter: population invariable number 100 is set
A, maximum evolutionary generation is 100 generations, crossover probability 0.8, mutation probability 0.2, current evolutionary generation W=1；
(2) 100 initial parent programmes are generated at random using genetic algorithm；
(3) according to set crossover probability and mutation probability, 100 parent populations are by replicating, intersecting and made a variation
Journey generates 100 new filial generation programmes, and each programme includes the site of one group of charging station and the charging pile number of configuration
Mesh；
(4) distribution for the vehicle flowrate that the step 3) utilized the charging waiting time model and step 2) obtain, calculates institute
Have the charging waiting time of all vehicles in 200 parents and filial generation programme, then using step 1) establish the considerations of clothes
The mathematical model of the charging station planning in business area calculates the income of each parent and filial generation programme.
(5) income of all parents and filial generation programme is compared, therefrom chooses 100 high planning sides of income
Case is as new parent programme；
(7) judge whether current evolutionary generation W has reached maximum 100 generation of evolutionary generation, such as reach maximum evolutionary generation 100
In generation, then exports the highest programme of income；Otherwise current evolutionary generation W=W+1 returns to (4) step, until when advancing
Change algebra W >=100, that is, reaches maximum evolutionary generation, export an optimal charging station programme.
The highway charging station planing method of a kind of consideration service area and car accident of the invention, has fully considered
There is the influence of the factors such as service area, car accident and waiting time.Firstly, passing through the charging station rule of the considerations of established service area
Mathematical model is drawn, the demand of parking, charging, rest and the shopping of car owner can be sufficiently met, so that programme is more reasonable,
The influence that Expressway Service is also contemplated in model saves planning side by facilities such as the parking lots of utilization service area
The investment of case, to increase overall income；Secondly, the dynamic traffic emulation by considering car accident, has obtained vehicle flowrate
Distribution situation so that wagon flow simulation it is more accurate, to further ensure the accuracy and reasonability of programme；Again
It is secondary, the waiting time of electric car is calculated by the waiting time model that charges, to effectively measure the service water of charging station
It is flat, it ensure that planned charging station can provide efficient charging service；Finally, using improved adaptive GA-IAGA method to being mentioned
Plan model out is solved, and optimal programme is given.In view of the highway charging station programme is good
Good practicability, universal and charging station project study with electric car go deep into, and this method can charge for highway
Construction of standing provides effective guidance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is traffic injury time sampling schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is car accident impact analysis process；
Fig. 3 is highway network schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is charging station location program results schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Highway charging below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing to a kind of consideration service area and car accident of the invention
Planing method of standing is described in detail.
The highway charging station planing method of a kind of consideration service area and car accident of the invention, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
1) mathematical model for considering the charging station planning of service area is established, comprising: establish objective function and constraint item respectively
Part；
Wherein:
The objective function are as follows:
max(P1+P2-C1-C2-C3-C4) (1)
In formula: P1For Vehicular charging income；P2Net income is consumed for passenger；C1For charging pile construction cost；C2For parking lot
Construction cost；C3For for passenger's rest Facilities Construction cost；C4For operation and maintenance cost and other auxiliary facility construction costs；Its
In,
(1) Vehicular charging takes in P1Calculation formula are as follows:
In formula: n is the sum of the charging station number planned in newly-built charging station and service area；miIt is i-th of charging station in mould
The vehicle fleet serviced in quasi-periodicity, Bj、SOCjThe battery capacity of the jth vehicle of respectively i-th charging station service and charged shape
State；pcFor the electricity price that charges.
(2) passenger consumes net income P2Calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula: since passenger's consumption in service area is not included in planning gain, therefore s is newly-built charging station number；
mpThe electric car sum serviced in simulation cycle for p-th of newly-built charging station；wqFor the q of p-th of newly-built charging station service
The carrying number of electric car；λ and bavRespectively pre-capita consumption probability and the amount of money；In view of supermarket and dining room need certain cost
Purchase commodity, is arranged profit factor alpha herein, and 0 < α < 1 directly converts passenger's spending amount as net profit；
(3) charging pile construction cost C1Calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula: n is the sum of the charging station number planned in newly-built charging station and service area；riIt is built for i-th of charging station
Charging pile number；pchaFor single charging pile price；Z is the operation time limit；
(4) park construction cost C2Calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula: since the charging station of service area can use existing parking lot in the service area, therefore s is newly-built charging
It stands number；qQue, pFor p-th of charging station maximum charge waiting list length；pparkFor single parking stall construction cost；Z is operation
The time limit；
(5) passenger's rest Facilities Construction cost C3Calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula: s is newly-built charging station number；qQue, pFor p-th of charging station maximum charge waiting list length；wavFor
Electric car is averaged seating capacity；β is the probability that passenger uses rest facility；savAnd presRespectively per capita needed for rest facility
Area and unit area rest Facilities Construction cost；
(6) operation and maintenance cost and other auxiliary facility construction costs, including distribution transformer, line construction expense and
Electrically-charging equipment maintenance cost is to convert to obtain by fixed investment cost, C4Calculation formula are as follows:
C4=(C1+C2+C3)×σ (7)
In formula: σ is conversion ratio, value 3%.
The constraint condition are as follows:
(1) right to guarantee that its power distribution network is safely operated in view of the receiving ability of the distribution transformer of service area and route
Charging pile the upper limit of the number is arranged in the charging station built in service area:
ry≤rmax, y=1,2 ..., V (8)
In formula: V is the service area sum in planning region；ryFor the charging pile number of y-th of the construction of service area；rmaxFor
Allow the maximum charge stake number built in service area；
(2) charging waiting time constraint, the waiting time t of any vehiclewIt is all satisfied:
tw≤tW, max (9)
In formula: tW, maxFor the maximum charge waiting time.
2) by considering that the dynamic traffic emulation mode of car accident obtains the distribution of vehicle flowrate, the consideration car accident
Dynamic traffic emulation mode include: the car accident methods of sampling based on Monte Carlo and vehicle on highway accident impact point
Analysis method is to first pass through accident frequency and space-time position sampling, the time that accident occurs in one day and section is determined, if the same day is not
Generation accident then uses section mode to be analyzed；If carrying out accident impact analysis when there is car accident；Specific packet
It includes:
(1) when and where of car accident generation is determined based on monte carlo method
All there is uncertainty in the frequency, space-time position that vehicle on highway accident occurs etc..Present invention combination vehicle thing
Therefore statistical data, the space-time position that accident occurs is determined by Monte Carlo sampling, section propagation model is recycled to be analyzed,
Obtain considering the wagon flow distribution of car accident；
(1.1) accident frequency is sampled
When carrying out crash analysis, it is generally recognized that the section accident occurs next time and previous accident is unrelated, i.e., accident occurs
With without memory.Thus, it is believed that zero defects duration obeys exponential distribution, probability distribution of the zero defects duration in setting section
Function are as follows:
In formula: f (ta) indicate that occurs for accident less than t the momentaProbability；A is that the etesian car accident in the section is total
Number；E is the nature truth of a matter, taThe moment occurs for accident；
Since 1-F (t) is the number in section [0,1], i.e. zero defects duration tnaIt is determined by the methods of sampling:
In formula: A is the etesian car accident sum in setting section；R equally distributed random number between [0,1]；
When sampling, if tna> 24, it is believed that accident is not belonging to the same day；If tna≤ 24, it is sampled and will sample every time again
Obtained zero defects duration tnaIt is added, until addition result tna> 24, and to the total number of accident a of same day generationdIt unites
Meter；
(1.2) accident space-time position is sampled
As shown in Figure 1, dividing total length 1, for 24 length, equal section, each section do not represent 1 hour, and difference is long
It spends expression accident and the probability within this hour occurs, generate the random number R between [0,1]t, when random number generated falls in phase
When the section answered, that is, think that accident occurred in the period where the section；
The position of car accident is influenced by many factors such as vehicle flowrate and condition of road surface, and present invention primarily contemplates wagon flows
Measure the influence to location of accident.Accident probability is provided with for the section of different vehicle flowrates, the sum of all section accident probabilities are
1.The methods of sampling for copying time of casualty determines location of accident by the method for generation [0,1] section random number.
(2) vehicle on highway accident impact is analyzed
Vehicle on highway accident impact analysis model is established, as illustrated in fig. 2, it is assumed that xaIt is in t1Vehicle thing occurs for the moment
Therefore before accident treatment completion, road passage capability is persistently obstructed, by the road maximum traffic capacity and normal pass situation point
Q is not denoted as itmax/ hour and qnor/ hour, then the traffic capacity is η q after generation accidentmax/ hour, wherein η is accident shadow
Ring coefficient, 0≤η≤1.At this point, if road is still able to satisfy current current demand, i.e. qnor≤ηqmax, then normal pass；Such as qnor
> η qmax, then vehicle on highway accident impact analysis model is established in two stages；
(2.1) accident treatment period impact analysis
Due to qnor> η qmax, then the vehicle from road upstream arrival accident constantly accumulates, and obstruction is gradually generated, in t2
Moment, maximum obstruction number of vehicles T are as follows:
T=(qnor-ηqmax)(t2-t1) (12)
At this point, since car accident causes the section maximum traffic capacity to change, to section mode in accident
Section xaPlace improves, by F (xa, t1)、F(xa, t2) it is denoted as t respectively1And t2Moment accident point xaThe vehicle for reaching and passing through
Sum, then in the accident treatment period via accident point xaThe number of vehicles being driven out to are as follows:
ΔFa(t2-t1)=min { F (xa, t2)-F(xa, t1), η qmax(t2-t1)} (13)
Car accident not only will lead to upstream vehicle and accumulate at accident, can also have an impact to accident downstream vehicle flowrate,
By accident point xaDownstream at be denoted as x at accident downstreamb, labFor xaAnd xbDistance, vaAnd ρavRespectively free stream velocity
With average vehicle density, then from t1+lab/vaMoment, xbPlace starts the influence by accident vehicle flowrate, it is assumed that wagon flow is on road
Communication satisfaction first in first out in section, then under freestream conditions when, for t1< t < t2, by section mode:
In formula: F (xb, t1+lab/va) it is x at accident downstreambAccumulative when starting to be influenced by accident wagon flow passes through vehicle
Number；η is accident impact coefficient, 0≤η≤1 is temporarily reduced, the influence by the downstream road vehicle density of accident impact
Trip is propagated gradually downward；
(2.2) traffic restores period impact analysis
In t2At the moment, accident treatment is completed, due to η qmax< qnor, then accident point xaStill a large amount of vehicle has been accumulated
, and upstream section constantly has new vehicle to reach at accident, therefore accumulative vehicle, there is still a need for leave for a period of time, congestion is complete
It totally disappeared scattered t3Moment calculation formula is as follows:
Since the maximum traffic capacity is restored in section, by F (xa, t2)、F(xa, t3) it is denoted as t respectively2And t3Moment accident occurs
Locate xaThe vehicle fleet that place reaches and passes through, then the traffic recovery period leaves accident point xaVehicle fleet are as follows:
ΔFa(t3-t2)=min { F (xa, t3)-F(xa, t2), qmax(t3-t2)} (16)
The traffic recovery period can also have an impact downstream road section, by section mode, for t2< t < t3, have:
In formula: F (xb, t2+lab/va) it is x at accident downstreambAccumulative when starting to be influenced by accident wagon flow passes through vehicle；
η is accident impact coefficient, 0≤η≤1；
To obtain accident point xaWagon flow variation and the influence to downstream to get to each place in downstream by accident
Vehicle flowrate when influence.
3) charging waiting time model is established according to the distribution of vehicle flowrate, to obtain the charging waiting time；Described fills
Electric waiting time model are as follows:
In formula, twFor the waiting time of any electric car；R is the charging for the charging station configuration that any electric car reaches
Stake number；When any electric car reaches charging station, mwTo wait electric car number to be charged；BavFor electricity
The average size of electrical automobile battery；SOCavFor the average state-of-charge of electric car；P is the power of charging pile；
The charging waiting time t of any vehicle can be obtained by the charging waiting time modelw。
4) according to the distribution of vehicle flowrate and charging waiting time, the charging for considering service area is solved using improved adaptive GA-IAGA
Stand planning mathematical model.Include:
(1) road network, trip matrix and information of vehicles parameter are inputted, improved adaptive GA-IAGA parameter: population invariable number 100 is set
A, maximum evolutionary generation is 100 generations, crossover probability 0.8, mutation probability 0.2, current evolutionary generation W=1；
(2) 100 initial parent programmes are generated at random using genetic algorithm；
(3) according to set crossover probability and mutation probability, 100 parent populations are by replicating, intersecting and made a variation
Journey generates 100 new filial generation programmes, and each programme includes the site of one group of charging station and the charging pile number of configuration
Mesh；
(4) distribution for the vehicle flowrate that the step 3) utilized the charging waiting time model and step 2) obtain, calculates institute
Have the charging waiting time of all vehicles in 200 parents and filial generation programme, then using step 1) establish the considerations of clothes
The mathematical model of the charging station planning in business area calculates the income of each parent and filial generation programme.
(5) income of all parents and filial generation programme is compared, therefrom chooses 100 high planning sides of income
Case is as new parent programme；
(7) judge whether current evolutionary generation W has reached maximum 100 generation of evolutionary generation, such as reach maximum evolutionary generation 100
In generation, then exports the highest programme of income；Otherwise current evolutionary generation W=W+1 returns to (4) step, until when advancing
Change algebra W >=100, that is, reaches maximum evolutionary generation, export an optimal charging station programme.
Most preferred embodiment is given below:
(1) typical scene and parameter setting
There are five entrance, overall length 465km as shown in figure 3, road is total to for the highway network of setting of the embodiment of the present invention.It is high
Length, free stream velocity, maximum capacity and the obstruction capacity such as table 2 in fast each section of road network.Each pair of service area on highway network
Position coordinates such as table 3.It estimates every 50km and needs to build a charging station, need to build 20 charging stations altogether.Electric car model
For Nissan Leaf, battery capacity 30kWh, course continuation mileage 172km.Region electric car permeability is 10%, maximum
The charging waiting time is 0.5 hour, and the state-of-charge before electric car enters charging station is uniformly distributed between 0.5-1.
The parameter value of table 1 includes: that charger power P is taken as 60kW；Each charging pile price pchaIt is 200,000 yuan；Charging
Electricity price pcFor every kWh1.6 member；Single charge position construction cost pparkIt is 100,000 yuan；Required rest facility area s per capitaavIt is 3
Square metre；Unit rest Facilities Construction cost presIt is 50,000 yuan；Running time limit z is 20 years；Charging pile construction is maximum in service area
Number rmaxIt is 20.
Electric car passenger's pre-capita consumption amount of money is 20 yuan, and profit coefficient takes 15%, and vehicle is averaged carrying number as 4 people, is disappeared
Taking probability is 10%.The kilometer accident rate of the highway network is set as annual 1.4/kilometer, calculates road network whole year accident with this
Sum.It is assumed that car accident handling duration is 1 hour, road passage capability conversion factor takes 0.58 after accident, car accident
The Monte Carlo sampled analog time be set as 10,000 years.
1 canonical parameter value of table
| Parameter | P/kW | pcha/ ten thousand yuan | pc/ member | ppark/ ten thousand yuan |
| Value | 60 | 20 | 1.6 | 10 |
| Parameter | sav/m2 | pres/ ten thousand yuan | Z/ | rmax/ |
| Value | 3 | 5 | 20 | 20 |
2 highway network parameter of table
3 service area position coordinates of table
| Service area numbers (to) | Site location (km) |
| 1 | (54,110.5) |
| 2 | (100,100) |
| 3 | (156,84) |
| 4 | (137,54.8) |
| 5 | (96,28) |
| 6 | (78,73) |
| 7 | (32,100) |
(2) program results and analysis
The comparison of 4 programme items income of table
Analytical table 4 is it is found that will not change the charge requirement of planning region totality since service area is added, in two kinds of feelings
Charging income and charging pile construction cost under scape are closer to.
After considering service area, since passenger's selection of part charging vehicle carries out shopping rest in service area, the part
Income is not included in planning gain, therefore considers that the programme passenger of service area consumes annual income and reduces 80.4 ten thousand yuan.Meanwhile
Part passenger can parking lot by service area and rest facility, therefore parking lot and rest Facilities Construction year cost subtract respectively
1,590,000 yuan and 95.4 ten thousand yuan are lacked.Comprehensively considering above two aspect influences, although it is contemplated that passenger's consumption income subtracts after service area
It is few, but the program also considerably reduces the construction cost in parking lot and rest facility, after considering service area, total annual income increases
158.3 ten thousand yuan are added.
The charging station location program results of table 5
Analytical table 5 is it is found that the charging pile number of each pair of service area configuration and the not up to set configured number upper limit.When
When the charging pile number of each service area configuration increases or decreases, programme total revenue can be reduced.Therefore, highway is carried out
It when charging station is planned, only needs with due regard to configure charging pile in service area, to reduce construction cost, increases programme and receive
Benefit.
As shown in figure 4, can also the position of newly-built charging station be had an impact by building charging station in service area.In service area
Neighbouring charging station to far from the movement of service area direction, i.e., by increasing the distance between charging station, avoids waste charging
Stake resource.No. 6, No. 8, No. 9 charging stations, relatively far away from, change in location is also relatively small in distance service area.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of highway charging station planing method for considering service area and car accident, which is characterized in that including walking as follows
It is rapid:
1) mathematical model for considering the charging station planning of service area is established, comprising: establish objective function and constraint condition respectively；
2) described to consider the dynamic of car accident by considering that the dynamic traffic emulation mode of car accident obtains the distribution of vehicle flowrate
State traffic simulation method includes: the car accident methods of sampling and vehicle on highway accident impact analysis side based on Monte Carlo
Method is to first pass through accident frequency and space-time position sampling, the time that accident occurs in one day and section is determined, if the same day does not occur
Accident then uses section mode to be analyzed；If carrying out accident impact analysis when there is car accident；
3) charging waiting time model is established according to the distribution of vehicle flowrate, to obtain the charging waiting time；
4) it according to the distribution of vehicle flowrate and charging waiting time, is solved using improved adaptive GA-IAGA and considers that the charging station of service area is advised
The mathematical model drawn.
2. a kind of highway charging station planing method for considering service area and car accident according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, objective function described in step 1) are as follows:
max(P1+P2-C1-C2-C3-C4) (1)
In formula: P1For Vehicular charging income；P2Net income is consumed for passenger；C1For charging pile construction cost；C2For park construction
Cost；C3For for passenger's rest Facilities Construction cost；C4For operation and maintenance cost and other auxiliary facility construction costs；Wherein,
(1) Vehicular charging takes in P1Calculation formula are as follows:
In formula: n is the sum of the charging station number planned in newly-built charging station and service area；miIt is i-th of charging station in simulation cycle
The vehicle fleet of interior service, Bj、SOCjThe battery capacity and state-of-charge of the jth vehicle of respectively i-th charging station service；pc
For the electricity price that charges.
(2) passenger consumes net income P2Calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula: s is newly-built charging station number；mpThe electric car serviced in simulation cycle for p-th of newly-built charging station is total
Number；wqFor the carrying number of the q electric car of p-th of newly-built charging station service；λ and bavRespectively pre-capita consumption probability and gold
Volume；In view of supermarket and dining room need certain cost purchase commodity, profit factor alpha is set herein, 0 < α < 1 consumes passenger
The amount of money is directly converted as net profit；
(3) charging pile construction cost C1Calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula: n is the sum of the charging station number planned in newly-built charging station and service area；riFor the charging of i-th of charging station construction
Stake number；pchaFor single charging pile price；Z is the operation time limit；
(4) park construction cost C2Calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula: s is newly-built charging station number；qQue, pFor p-th of charging station maximum charge waiting list length；pparkIt is single
Parking stall construction cost；Z is the operation time limit；
(5) passenger's rest Facilities Construction cost C3Calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula: s is newly-built charging station number；qque,pFor p-th of charging station maximum charge waiting list length；wavFor electronic vapour
Vehicle is averaged seating capacity；β is the probability that passenger uses rest facility；savAnd presRespectively per capita needed for rest facility area and
Unit area rest Facilities Construction cost；
(6) operation and maintenance cost and other auxiliary facility construction costs, including distribution transformer, line construction expense and charging
Facility maintenance cost is to convert to obtain by fixed investment cost, C4Calculation formula are as follows:
C4=(C1+C2+C3)×σ (7)
In formula: σ is conversion ratio, value 3%.
3. a kind of highway charging station planing method for considering service area and car accident according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, constraint condition described in step 1) are as follows:
(1) charging pile the upper limit of the number is arranged to the charging station built in service area:
ry≤rmax, y=1,2 ..., V (8)
In formula: V is the service area sum in planning region；ryFor the charging pile number of y-th of the construction of service area；rmaxFor service area
Inside allow the maximum charge stake number built；
(2) charging waiting time constraint, the waiting time t of any vehiclewIt is all satisfied:
tw≤tw,max (9)
In formula: tW, maxFor the maximum charge waiting time.
4. a kind of highway charging station planing method for considering service area and car accident according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, step 2) includes:
(1) when and where of car accident generation is determined based on monte carlo method
In conjunction with car accident statistical data, the space-time position that accident occurs is determined by Monte Carlo sampling, section is recycled to pass
Defeated model is analyzed, and the wagon flow distribution for considering car accident is obtained；
(1.1) accident frequency is sampled
Probability-distribution function of the zero defects duration in setting section are as follows:
In formula: f (ta) indicate that occurs for accident less than t the momentaProbability；A is the etesian car accident sum in the section；e
For the natural truth of a matter, taThe moment occurs for accident；
Since 1-F (t) is the number in section [0,1], i.e. zero defects duration tnaIt is determined by the methods of sampling:
In formula: A is the etesian car accident sum in setting section；R equally distributed random number between [0,1]；
When sampling, if tna> 24, it is believed that accident is not belonging to the same day；If tna≤ 24, it is sampled again and obtains each sampling
Zero defects duration tnaIt is added, until addition result tna> 24, and to the total number of accident a of same day generationdIt is counted；
(1.2) accident space-time position is sampled
Total length 1 is divided to the section that do not wait for 24 length, each section represents 1 hour, and different length indicates accident
Probability within this hour generates the random number R between [0,1]t, when random number generated falls in corresponding section, i.e.,
Think that accident occurred in the period where the section；
(2) vehicle on highway accident impact is analyzed
Establish vehicle on highway accident impact analysis model, it is assumed that xaIt is in t1Car accident occurs for the moment, complete in accident treatment
At before, road passage capability is persistently obstructed, and the road maximum traffic capacity and normal pass situation are denoted as q respectivelymax/ small
When and qnor/ hour, then the traffic capacity is η q after generation accidentmax/ hour, wherein η is accident impact coefficient, 0≤η≤1.
At this point, if road is still able to satisfy current current demand, i.e. qnor≤ηqmax, then normal pass；Such as qnor> η qmax, then it is divided to two ranks
Duan Jianli vehicle on highway accident impact analysis model；
(2.1) accident treatment period impact analysis
Due to qnor> η qmax, then the vehicle from road upstream arrival accident constantly accumulates, and obstruction is gradually generated, in t2Moment,
Maximum obstruction number of vehicles T are as follows:
T=(qnor-ηqmax)(t2-t1) (12)
At this point, since car accident causes the section maximum traffic capacity to change, to section mode in accident section xa
Place improves, by F (xa,t1)、F(xa,t2) it is denoted as t respectively1And t2Moment accident point xaThe vehicle for reaching and passing through is total
Number, then in the accident treatment period via accident point xaThe number of vehicles being driven out to are as follows:
ΔFa(t2-t1)=min { F (xa,t2)-F(xa,t1),ηqmax(t2-t1)} (13)
Car accident not only will lead to upstream vehicle and accumulate at accident, can also have an impact to accident downstream vehicle flowrate, by thing
Therefore point xaDownstream at be denoted as x at accident downstreamb, labFor xaAnd xbDistance, vaAnd ρavRespectively free stream velocity peace
Equal vehicle density, then from t1+lab/vaMoment, xbPlace starts the influence by accident vehicle flowrate, it is assumed that wagon flow is on section
Communication satisfaction first in first out, then under freestream conditions when, for t1< t < t2, by section mode:
In formula: F (xb,t1+lab/va) it is x at accident downstreambAccumulative when starting to be influenced by accident wagon flow passes through number of vehicles；
η is accident impact coefficient, 0≤η≤1 temporarily reduces by the downstream road vehicle density of accident impact, the influence gradually to
Downstream travel；
(2.2) traffic restores period impact analysis
In t2At the moment, accident treatment is completed, due to η qmax< qnor, then accident point xaStill a large amount of vehicle has been accumulated, and
Upstream section constantly has new vehicle to reach at accident, therefore accumulative vehicle, there is still a need for leave for a period of time, congestion disappears completely
Scattered t3Moment calculation formula is as follows:
Since the maximum traffic capacity is restored in section, by F (xa,t2)、F(xa,t3) it is denoted as t respectively2And t3Moment accident point xaPlace
The vehicle fleet for reaching and passing through, then the traffic recovery period leaves accident point xaVehicle fleet are as follows:
ΔFa(t3-t2)=min { F (xa,t3)-F(xa,t2),qmax(t3-t2)} (16)
The traffic recovery period can also have an impact downstream road section, by section mode, for t2< t < t3, have:
In formula: F (xb,t2+lab/va) it is x at accident downstreambAccumulative when starting to be influenced by accident wagon flow passes through vehicle；η is
Accident impact coefficient, 0≤η≤1；
To obtain accident point xaWagon flow variation and the influence to downstream to get to each place in downstream by accident impact
When vehicle flowrate.
5. a kind of highway charging station planing method for considering service area and car accident according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, charging waiting time model described in step 3) are as follows:
In formula, twFor the waiting time of any electric car；R is the charging pile for the charging station configuration that any electric car reaches
Number；When any electric car reaches charging station, mwTo wait electric car number to be charged；BavFor electronic vapour
The average size of vehicle battery；SOCavFor the average state-of-charge of electric car；P is the power of charging pile；
The charging waiting time t of any vehicle can be obtained by the charging waiting time modelw。
6. a kind of highway charging station planing method for considering service area and car accident according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, step 4) includes:
(1) road network, trip matrix and information of vehicles parameter are inputted, improved adaptive GA-IAGA parameter is arranged: population invariable number is 100,
Maximum evolutionary generation is 100 generations, crossover probability 0.8, mutation probability 0.2, current evolutionary generation W=1；
(2) 100 initial parent programmes are generated at random using genetic algorithm；
(3) according to set crossover probability and mutation probability, 100 parent populations are raw by duplication, intersection and mutation process
At 100 new filial generation programmes, each programme includes the site of one group of charging station and the charging pile number of configuration；
(4) distribution for the vehicle flowrate that the step 3) utilized the charging waiting time model and step 2) obtain, calculates all 200
Charging waiting time of all vehicles in a parent and filial generation programme, the considerations of then being established using step 1) service area
The mathematical model of charging station planning calculates the income of each parent and filial generation programme.
(5) income of all parents and filial generation programme is compared, therefrom chooses the high programme of 100 incomes and makees
For new parent programme；
(7) judge whether current evolutionary generation W has reached maximum 100 generation of evolutionary generation, if reaching maximum 100 generation of evolutionary generation
Export the highest programme of income；Otherwise current evolutionary generation W=W+1 returns to (4) step, until working as evolution generation
Number W >=100, that is, reach maximum evolutionary generation, export an optimal charging station programme.
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