CN110243301A - It is a kind of based on dynamic BOTDA by core scan-type multi-core optical fiber shape sensor - Google Patents
It is a kind of based on dynamic BOTDA by core scan-type multi-core optical fiber shape sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN110243301A CN110243301A CN201810192317.8A CN201810192317A CN110243301A CN 110243301 A CN110243301 A CN 110243301A CN 201810192317 A CN201810192317 A CN 201810192317A CN 110243301 A CN110243301 A CN 110243301A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
Abstract
The present invention is to provide a kind of based on dynamic BOTDA by core scan-type multi-core optical fiber shape sensor.It is by multi-core optical fiber, multi-core optical fiber Fan-in device, multi-core optical fiber Fan-out device, the single mode optical fiber composition of two photoswitches and connection all parts.A multi-core optical fiber Fan-in/out device and photoswitch are all connected in turn at the both ends of multi-core optical fiber, by the control of two photoswitches, enable to light wave to scan in each fibre core of multi-core optical fiber by core, to obtain the respective deformation data of each fibre core.The present invention can be used for the shape sensor part of dynamic BOTDA sensor-based system, can be widely used for the health monitoring of intelligence structure, it may also be used for the stressed-skin construction of robot or aircraft wing, its change in shape of real-time detection.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of based on dynamic BOTDA by core scan-type multi-core optical fiber shape sensor, can be used for
The health monitoring of intelligence structure, it may also be used for the stressed-skin construction of robot or aircraft wing, its change in shape of real-time detection belong to
In distribution type fiber-optic deformation field of sensing technologies.
(2) background technique
Optical-fiber deformation sensing is a kind of distributed sensing technology, the backscatter signal that it utilizes optical fiber local train to generate
Carry out the information such as bending and the torsion of detection optical fiber, then these information is handled to reconstruct the space deformation of optical fiber.It is this
Technology has in fields such as medical treatment, the energy, national defence, aerospace, structural safety monitoring and other intelligence structures widely answers
With value.And in aerospace field, optical fiber intelligent structure has been applied to adaptive wing, smart skins, Noise and Vibration Control
And the research in the fields such as intelligence structure health monitoring.In May, 1979, the space US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ge Dade
Flight center proposes " optical fiber Fiber in Smart Structure and covering " plan, fibre optical sensor is implanted into the composite material skin of aircraft,
Construct optical fiber intelligent structure, monitoring strain and temperature parameter so that aircraft and key member have self-test, self diagnosis, from
The beginning of intelligence structure (Intelligent Structures) research has been started in the functions such as monitoring, adaptive, the plan.With
Afterwards, United States Air Force project " prediction II " plans to propose, the United States Air Force aircraft and space system of 21 century will be in Flight Vehicle Structure
With implantation integrated array sensor, actuator in covering, construct novel " Fiber in Smart Structure and covering ", for the outside to aircraft
The progress such as load, internal temperature, ess-strain, crackle and its extension, damage and failure are online, dynamic, active monitoring, to protect
Card flight is safer and more reliable, economical.
Distributed Brillouin fiber optic sensing is supervised because of the measurement capability with distributed strain and temperature, and in structural health
The important application in survey field and widely studied.In a variety of sensing solutions, Brillouin optical time domain analysis technology (BOTDA)
Have many advantages, such as that signal-to-noise ratio is good, spatial resolution is high, distance sensing is remote, receives significant attention.But traditional BOTDA system
Relatively time-consuming average and frequency sweep process is needed, is only suitable for carrying out static or slow strain measurement.In order to promote BOTDA system
Dynamic distributed sensing capabilities, various countries researcher proposes many improvement projects: polarization compensation technology, optics frequency agility skill
Art, slope method, optics chirp chain technology, optical frequency com technology etc..The Dong Yongkang research team of Harbin Institute of Technology uses
The method of difference pulsewidth pair effectively raises spatial resolution (Dong Y, Ba D, the Jiang T, et of BOTDA system
al.High-Spatial-Resolution Fast BOTDA for Dynamic Strain Measurement Based on
Differential Double-Pulse and Second-Order Sideband of Modulation[J].IEEE
Photonics Journal, 2013,5 (3): 2600407-2600407.).
Based on high-resolution dynamic BOTDA system, in order to realize the sensor measuring of the change in shape such as bending, torsion, also
This core devices of the optical fiber shape sensor that needs that structure is simple, change in shape heat transfer agent is complete, integrated level is high.
Brillouin fiber optic sensing technology is combined with multi-core optical fiber, domestic and international researcher is in multi-core optical fiber shape sensing side
Fruitful exploration and research are carried out in face.2015, Yosuke Mizuno et al. had studied the side core of seven core fibres in
Between core it is different to the perception coefficient of strain and temperature in Brillouin scattering measurement, it is indicated that multi-core optical fiber is for straining and temperature
A possibility that sensing (Mizuno Y, Hayashi N, Tanaka H, et al.Brillouin scattering in multi-
Core optical fibers for sensing applications [J] .Sci Rep, 2015,5:11388.).Patent
Using multi-core optical fiber as distributed sensing device in CN103438927B, but it only makees multiple fibre cores of multi-core optical fiber
For multiple transmission channels, plays the role of repeatedly measuring, the real-time sensing as shape can not be used for.
(3) summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of it is simple and compact for structure, sensing capabilities are reliable and stable, are based on dynamic BOTDA
By core scan-type multi-core optical fiber shape sensor.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
It is a kind of based on dynamic BOTDA by core scan-type multi-core optical fiber shape sensor.It is by multi-core optical fiber, multi-core optical fiber
The single mode optical fiber composition of Fan-in device, multi-core optical fiber Fan-out device, two photoswitches and connection all parts.The system
The both ends of multi-core optical fiber are connect with multi-core optical fiber Fan-in device and multi-core optical fiber Fan-out device respectively in system, multi-core optical fiber
The branch of Fan-in device and multi-core optical fiber Fan-out device is controlled by two photoswitches respectively, is made corresponding branch while being connected to,
The pulsed light for allowing BOTDA to export returns in BOTDA again after closed circuit, by photoswitch to each fibre core of multi-core optical fiber
Scanning one by one, to obtain the respective deformation data of each fibre core.
The sensor after each fibre core of multi-core optical fiber scans one by one, is successively counted by BOTDA in control pulsed light
According to every segment data respectively corresponds the deformation data of every fibre core.
The multi-core optical fiber both ends are connected multi-core optical fiber with single mode optical fiber using multi-core optical fiber Fan-in/out device, should
Device is the fibre core of more doubly clad optical fibers can be made to be gradually reduced manufactured by fused biconical taper, be also possible to lure by laser
It leads and is prepared in waveguide integrated chip, it can realize independent input/output of every fibre core inside multi-core optical fiber.
The multi-core optical fiber has N fibre core, N >=3, wherein each fibre core is symmetrically dispersed in the circumference of optical fiber
On.
The multi-core optical fiber has N fibre core, N >=4, and one of fibre core is in centre, during remaining fibre core surrounds
Between core circumference it is in spiral distribution.
With traditional optical fiber shape sensor, the present invention, which at least has, to be had the advantage that
(1) compared to using multifiber as shape sensor, in such a way that multi-core optical fiber is by core scanning, root
According to the difference of the dependent variable of each fibre core, the measurement of multiple fibre core different deformation information is realized, have apparent highly integrated
Advantage.
(2) sensor is used as the shape sensor of dynamic BOTDA, and the helical multi-core fiber optical of adoptable optimization increases
The sensitivity of deformation sensing, the real-time measurement of Three-Dimensional Dynamics deformation high spatial resolution such as can be used for being bent, reverse.
(3) the multi-core optical fiber middle fiber core used in the present invention can be used as excluding variation of ambient temperature and axis with reference to fibre core
It is influenced to brought by strain, improves the stability and reliability of three-dimensional deformation fibre optical sensor.
(4) Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be can be used for each based multi core optical fiber of this sensor structural schematic diagram (be not limited to structure shown in figure and
Type).
Fig. 2 be four-core fiber structure chart, (a) be four-core fiber tomograph, the both ends of four fibre cores use respectively a, b,
C, d and a ', b ', c ', d ' are indicated, (b) are four-core fiber end face structure figure.
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of spiral four-core fiber, and periphery fibre core surrounds intermediate core spiral circle distribution.
Fig. 4 is four-core fiber Fan-in/out device architecture schematic diagram.In figure, 1 is four-core fiber, and 3 be single mode optical fiber, 5
It is quartz socket tube for doubly clad optical fiber, 6.
Fig. 5 is the index path by core scan-type multi-core optical fiber shape sensor based on dynamic BOTDA.It wherein include four cores
Optical fiber 1, single mode optical fiber 3, four-core fiber Fan-in/out device 4-1/4-2,1 × 4 photoswitch 7.
Fig. 6 is the every fibre core Brillouin scattering optical information schematic diagram scanned by core, and every curve corresponds to each
The deformation situation of fibre core.
Fig. 7 is the operation principle schematic diagram that the present invention is used for bending sensor: (a) (face N-N ' is light to cross-sectional view
Fine curved neutral surface, 1 is azimuth of the fibre core 1 relative to y-axis, and distance of the fibre core away from cladding center is all r, θbIt is curved for optical fiber
The angle of Qu Fangxiang and y-axis)；(b) four-core fiber curved schematic.
Fig. 8 is the operation principle schematic diagram that the present invention is used for torsion sensor: (a) sensing principle schematic diagram；(b) spiral shell is reversed
Revolve four-core fiber schematic diagram.
(5) specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
Embodiment:
In order to obtain 3D shape sensing, need to realize distributed bending and Torsion sensing simultaneously.On multi-core optical fiber,
This target can be reached using Brillouin optical time domain analysis technology (BOTDA).For this purpose, the present invention provides one kind for dynamic
BOTDA system by core scan-type multi-core optical fiber shape sensor.The sensor uses multi-core optical fiber.This multi-core optical fiber can
There are many in the form of: (1) more fibre core circumferential arrangements, the multi-core optical fiber of fibre core number N >=3, three core fibre as shown in Fig. 1 (a)；
(2) have a middle fiber core and Duo Gen fibre core surrounds the multi-core optical fiber (fibre core number N >=4) of middle fiber core circle distribution, such as
Fig. 1 (b) and four-core fiber and seven core fibres shown in (c)；(3) periphery fibre core surrounds the helical multi-core of middle fiber core Spiral distribution
Optical fiber.For convenience, the following contents and attached drawing for four-core fiber using being described in detail, and but the invention is not restricted to this.
As shown in Fig. 2, wherein Fig. 2 (a) is the three-dimensional figure of four-core fiber 1, Fig. 2 (b) is the end face signal of four-core fiber 1
Figure.It, can also be using the spiral four-core fiber with spiral edge core, as shown in Figure 3 other than using four-core fiber shown in Fig. 2
Spiral four-core fiber 2.The sensitivity of the deformation measurement such as bending, torsion can be increased using spiral four-core fiber.
In order to realize this four-core fiber branch connection, guarantee every fibre core in light wave independently input with it is defeated
Out, present invention employs four-core fiber Fan-in/out device 4-1/4-2, each fibre core of sensing four-core fiber 1 can be made
It can be connected with an input/output standard single-mode fiber 3.Here a kind of adoptable preparation method does its action principle
It is described in detail.Four-core fiber Fan-in/out device 4 is as shown in Figure 4: a pure quartz socket tube 6 being punched, for being embedded in spy
The doubly clad optical fiber 5 very designed is gradually reduced the fibre core of doubly clad optical fiber 5 and mode cutoff by fused biconical taper, interior in this way
Covering is gradually converted into the main trans-port layer of light wave.The mould that the mode of inner cladding transmission and four-core fiber 1 transmit at cone waist
It (is controlled by cone waist diameter) when formula matches, stops drawing cone, and cut off at cone waist, and welded with four-core fiber 1, this
Sample just forms 4 × 4 four-core fiber Fan-in/out device as shown in Figure 4.
Below in conjunction with Detailed description of the invention structure of the invention and for the realization principle of deformation sensing:
(1) structure by core scan-type multi-core optical fiber shape sensor based on dynamic BOTDA:
BOTDA optical fiber sensing system is suitable for handling the distributed strain of one-dimension optical-fiber optical path, for this purpose, present invention employs
Two photoswitches obtain each fibre core shape by Brillouin scattering come the method scanned one by one to every fibre core of multi-core optical fiber
The information of shape variation, to realize that 3D shape senses.As shown in figure 5, shape sensor proposed by the present invention is by four-core fiber
1, single mode optical fiber 3, four-core fiber Fan-in/out device 4-1/4-2 and photoswitch 7 form.The both ends of four-core fiber 1 all according to
It is secondary to be connected with a four-core fiber 4-1/4-2 of Fan-in/out device and photoswitch 7, pass through the control of two photoswitches 7, energy
Enough so that light wave scans in each fibre core of four-core fiber 1 by core, to obtain four respective deformation datas of fibre core.Such as figure
Every segment data shown in 6 all corresponds to the scanning result of the every fibre core of four-core fiber 1.By this four segment data, will be strained with intermediate core
Data are reference, do calculus of differences with other three fibre cores, are believed to obtain the distributed bending of the four-core fiber 1 with torsion with this
Breath, and then reconstruct its space three-dimensional shape.The space three-dimensional shape reconstructed in this way is continuously subjected to real-time update, energy
Access the result of dynamic 3D shape variation.
In this data difference calculating process, due to the diameter very little of four-core fiber 1, only 125 μm, therefore, four cores
The environment temperature of four fibre cores of optical fiber 1 can be considered approximately uniform.After calculus of differences, just eliminate in four-core fiber automatically
Each fibre core along the strain of optical fiber axial direction, while also eliminating the influence as caused by variation of ambient temperature automatically.It obtains
Be four-core fiber pure bending and pure torsion information, this improves the stability of three-dimensional deformation fibre optical sensor and
Reliability.
(2) present invention is used for the mechanism of crooked sensory:
Carrying out distributed fiber optic sensing using BOTDA is by realizing the incident beam modulated at pulse.It is every along optical fiber
The position of point can be determined by the propagation time of pulsed light in a fiber, and the knots modification Δ v of every Brillouin shift along the lineBBy
The stress and environment temperature being subject to locating for the optical fiber point determine:
AvB=Cε·Aε+CT·ΔT (1)
In formula: CεFor the Brillouin shift coefficient of strain, CTFor Brillouin shift temperature coefficient, Δ ε is stress variation, Δ T
For temperature variation.When not considering temperature change, formula (1) can simplify are as follows:
Under the conditions of pure bending, for circular section spring beam, there are following relationships between axial strain and curvature:
In formula (3), ε is to bear axial surface line strain value, ρ based on BOTDA optical fiber shape sensor sensing the feedback of position
For the radius of curvature of sensors sense location, C is corresponding curvature, and D is distance of the sensor to neutral surface.In given D, C
In the case of, the strain of sensor fibre can be found out.It can be seen that from formula (2) and (3), the knots modification Δ of strain and Brillouin shift
vBIt is directly proportional, so curvature C and Δ vBIt is directly proportional.In this way, passing through the knots modification Δ v of monitoring Brillouin shiftBSize
Obtain the situation of change of optical fiber curvature C.
As shown in fig. 7, four-core fiber 1 mainly by one be located at cladding center central core and three with equilateral triangle
The fibre core composition of form arrangement.When optical fiber along NN ' axis make radius of curvature be ρ bending when, by the geometrical relationship in Fig. 7 (a)
Distance of the available fibre core i to neutral surface:
Di=risin(θb-2π/3-θi) (4)
Wushu (4) substitutes into formula (3) and formula (2), so that it may respectively obtain the knots modification Δ v of the Brillouin shift on fibre core iB
With the relationship of radius of curvature ρ:
In practical BOTDA crooked sensory system, the knots modification Δ v of Brillouin shiftB/vBIt can be obtained by experimental data
It arrives, in this way, only there are three unknown quantity ρ, θ in formula (5)bAnd θi(here, arranged according to four-core fiber fibre core, θ1、θ2And θ3In the presence of
Fixed positional relationship), so it is unknown to solve these three by the corresponding equation of three fibre cores of simultaneous (formula (5))
Amount, can be obtained by optical fiber local form delta data according to the bending radius of optical fiber part and bending direction, by means of these
Metamorphosis data can reconstruct the three-dimensional deformation of optical fiber entirety.
(3) present invention is used for Torsion sensing mechanism:
It is L that Fig. 8 (a), which gives pitch,p, helix core issues apart from the helical-core fiber that fiber optic hub is r in outer plus torsion
Raw θtTorsion angle.It is seen that the length of spiral fibre core becomes L from Lε, can be with therefore according to the geometrical relationship in figure
Obtain the torsion angle in spiral fibre core axial strain ε and unit pitchtBetween relationship:
Formula (6) is brought in formula (2) into Brillouin shift amount and the torsion angle that just can be obtained on spiral fibre coretPass
System:
It can be seen that from formula (7), under normal circumstances, influence based on the main of BOTDA multi-core optical fiber Torsion sensing sensitivity
Factor is the ratio of distances constant L of screw pitch and fibre core to optical fiber centerp/r.For four core Helical Fibers shown in Fig. 8 (a) and Fig. 8 (b)
2, since the distance in three spiral fibre cores to optical fiber center is all equal, here only with investigation optic fibre turning screw pitch LpTo torsion
The influence of sensing sensitivity, and central core is insensitive to reversing, and only plays a part of compensation temperature or optical fiber longitudinal stretching.It is right
In the good helical-core fiber of concentricity, due to the screw pitch L of three spiral fibre corespIt is identical, therefore the Brillouin on three fibre cores
The knots modification Δ v of frequency displacementB/vBThe response of optic fibre turning is consistent, that is to say, that optic fibre turning causes on three fibre cores in cloth
The knots modification of deep frequency displacement is identical.For non-twisted multi-core optical fiber, the screw pitch L of fibre corepIt can regard infinitely great as, at this time the light
Fibre levels off to zero (see formula (7)) to the sensitivity of Torsion sensing.But once optical fiber is to Torsion sensing using twisted fiber
Sensitivity will improve rapidly, and fibre core screw pitch LpSmaller, sensitivity is higher.Therefore, the present invention can use four core light of spiral
Fibre 2 improves the detectivity to space torsional strain.Certainly, it is contemplated that the factors such as fibre core bending loss, fibre core screw pitch LpNo
Can be too small, generally require millimeter magnitude or more.It can be seen that from Fig. 8 (b), utilize changing for the Brillouin shift obtained along optical fiber
Variable Δ vB/vB, so that it may the dependent variable along each position of optical fiber is acquired, to obtain several optical fiber local form parameters, is utilized
Several optical fiber local form delta datas obtained, it will be able to reconstruct the three-dimensional deformation of optical fiber entirety.
Claims (5)
1. it is a kind of based on dynamic BOTDA by core scan-type multi-core optical fiber shape sensor.It is characterized in that: it is by multi-core optical fiber,
Multi-core optical fiber Fan-in device, multi-core optical fiber Fan-out device, the single mode optical fiber group of two photoswitches and connection all parts
At.The both ends of multi-core optical fiber are connect with multi-core optical fiber Fan-in device and multi-core optical fiber Fan-out device respectively in the system,
The branch of multi-core optical fiber Fan-in device and multi-core optical fiber Fan-out device is controlled by two photoswitches respectively, makes corresponding branch
It is connected to simultaneously, the pulsed light for allowing BOTDA to export returns in BOTDA again after closed circuit, by photoswitch to multi-core optical fiber
Each fibre core scanning one by one, to obtain the respective deformation data of each fibre core.
2. it is according to claim 1 based on dynamic BOTDA by core scan-type multi-core optical fiber shape sensor.Its feature
Be: the sensor after each fibre core of multi-core optical fiber scans one by one, successively obtains data by BOTDA, often in control pulsed light
Segment data respectively corresponds the deformation data of every fibre core.
3. it is according to claim 1 based on dynamic BOTDA by core scan-type multi-core optical fiber shape sensor, feature
Be: the multi-core optical fiber both ends are connected multi-core optical fiber with single mode optical fiber using multi-core optical fiber Fan-in/out device, the device
It is that the fibre core of more doubly clad optical fibers can be made to be gradually reduced manufactured by fused biconical taper, be also possible to exist by induced with laser
It is prepared in waveguide integrated chip, it can realize independent input/output of every fibre core inside multi-core optical fiber.
4. it is according to claim 1 based on dynamic BOTDA by core scan-type multi-core optical fiber shape sensor.Its feature
Be: the multi-core optical fiber has N fibre core, N >=3, wherein each fibre core is symmetrically dispersed on the circumference of optical fiber.
5. it is according to claim 1 based on dynamic BOTDA by core scan-type multi-core optical fiber shape sensor.Its feature
Be: the multi-core optical fiber has N fibre core, and N >=4, one of fibre core is in centre, remaining fibre core is around intermediate core circle
Week is in spiral distribution.
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