CN110243299B - Backlash detection device and backlash detection method - Google Patents
Backlash detection device and backlash detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110243299B CN110243299B CN201910612134.1A CN201910612134A CN110243299B CN 110243299 B CN110243299 B CN 110243299B CN 201910612134 A CN201910612134 A CN 201910612134A CN 110243299 B CN110243299 B CN 110243299B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of detection of mechanical transmission systems, and discloses a backlash detection device and a backlash detection method. The backlash detecting device includes: the laser is arranged on the worm wheel and can emit light; and the light can be projected on the coordinate plate. When the worm gear and the worm are in matched transmission, the daily detection of the transmission backlash of the worm gear and the worm can be carried out under the condition of not disassembling the shell of the worm gear and the worm assembly through the deflection of light rays emitted by the laser arranged on the worm gear; the transmission backlash of the worm gear and the worm is amplified by light and projected on the coordinate plate, so that the accuracy and the intuition of a detection result are improved. According to the backlash detection method, the worm is rotated in the first direction until the light is perpendicular to the coordinate plate, the worm is continuously rotated for a circle in the first direction, then the worm is rotated for a circle in the reverse direction, and the backlash value is obtained by the distance between the front projection point and the rear projection point of the light on the coordinate plate, so that the backlash value is simple to operate and the result is accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection of mechanical transmission systems, in particular to a backlash detection device and a backlash detection method.
Background
The speed reducer is a mechanical transmission device and is used for reducing the rotating speed and increasing the torque. The worm gear speed reducer is one of the worm gear speed reducers, and has the characteristics of high precision, large transmission ratio, compactness, self-locking and the like.
However, in the worm gear reducer, the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm are easily worn, and backlash between the worm wheel and the worm increases, thereby lowering the transmission accuracy. If the initial backlash of the worm wheel and the worm is designed to be too small, the amount of lubricating oil entering the backlash is too small, and the matching of the worm wheel and the worm is affected.
Therefore, when the worm gear speed reducer is used, the backlash of the worm gear and the worm needs to be frequently detected so as to monitor the tooth surface abrasion condition of the worm gear and the worm, so that the related parts can be maintained or replaced in time, and the transmission precision of the speed reducer is ensured.
The existing detection method of the backlash of the worm and gear transmission is to draw the size of the backlash according to the specification of the minimum lead wire or a feeler which can be drawn into the backlash by drawing the lead wire or the feeler into the backlash. However, these methods are not only not high enough in measurement accuracy, but also inconvenient to open the box for detection, and are not suitable for daily detection of backlash in worm and gear transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
A first object of the present invention is to provide a backlash detecting device that can achieve accurate detection of backlash in a worm gear drive without opening a housing of a worm gear assembly.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a backlash detection method that can efficiently and easily detect backlash based on the backlash detection device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a backlash detecting device for detecting a transmission backlash of a worm wheel and a worm that are fitted to each other, comprising:
the laser is arranged on the worm wheel and can emit light rays, and the light rays extend along the radial direction of the worm wheel;
the light can be projected on the coordinate plate, and when the worm drives the worm wheel to rotate, the backlash can be obtained according to the change of the projection position of the light on the coordinate plate.
Preferably, the backlash detecting device further includes:
the worm is configured to penetrate through the dial;
the pointer is arranged on the worm and can guide the worm to rotate according to the scale marks.
Preferably, the pointer is mounted to an end of the worm through an input shaft coupling.
Preferably, one end of the input shaft coupler, which faces away from the worm, is provided with a wrenching portion, and the wrenching portion is used for being matched with a wrench to drive the worm.
Preferably, the laser is provided on a worm wheel shaft of the worm wheel.
Preferably, the laser is mounted to the end of the worm gear shaft by an output shaft coupling.
Preferably, the coordinate plate is arranged in parallel with the axis of the worm gear shaft, and the emitting direction of the light can be perpendicular to the coordinate plate.
A backlash detection method is based on the backlash detection device in any one of the above schemes, and is used for detecting the transmission backlash of the worm wheel and the worm, and the backlash detection method comprises the following steps:
step S10: rotating the worm to drive the worm wheel in a first direction until the light is projected and is perpendicular to the coordinate plate, measuring the length of the light projection at the moment, and marking a first projection point of the light projected on the coordinate plate;
step S20: continuing to rotate the worm for one circle in the first direction, and then reversely rotating the worm for one circle, and marking a second projection point of the light ray projected on the coordinate plate;
step S30: and obtaining an included angle between the light projected on the first projection point and the light projected on the second projection point according to the distance between the first projection point and the second projection point and the length, and obtaining the backlash according to the included angle.
Preferably, the light can be projected perpendicular to the coordinate plate by monitoring a height difference between a light emitting port of the laser and a projection position of the light on the coordinate plate and rotating the worm to adjust the height difference.
Preferably, a tangent value of the angle is obtained from the distance and the length, and the value of the angle can be calculated from the tangent value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, when the worm gear and the worm are in matched transmission, the daily detection of the worm gear and the worm transmission backlash can be carried out under the condition of not disassembling the shell of the worm gear and worm assembly through the deflection of light rays emitted by the laser arranged on the worm gear; the transmission backlash of the worm gear and the worm is amplified by light and projected on the coordinate plate, so that the accuracy and the intuition of a detection result are improved; and rotating the worm in the first direction until the light is vertical to the coordinate plate, continuing to rotate the worm in the first direction for a circle, reversely rotating the worm for a circle, and obtaining the backlash value of the worm wheel and further the backlash value by the distance between the first projection point and the second projection point of the light on the coordinate plate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the contents of the embodiments of the present invention and the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a worm gear reducer;
FIG. 2 is a layout view of the backlash detecting device and the worm gear reducer;
FIG. 3 is a layout of the backlash detecting device and the worm gear;
FIG. 4 is a first schematic diagram illustrating a projection position of a light ray on a coordinate board;
FIG. 5 is a second schematic diagram of the projection position of the light on the coordinate board;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the angle between the light rays in fig. 4 and the light rays in fig. 5.
In the figure:
1-a laser; 10-light; 11-output shaft coupling; 100-worm gear; 101-a worm gear shaft;
2-coordinate plate; 200-a worm; 201-a gasket;
3-a dial scale; 300-a box body; 301-a first bearing gland; 302-second bearing cap;
4-a pointer; 41-input shaft coupling; 42-a pulling part; 400-a workbench;
a-a first projection point; b-a second projection point; h-distance; l-length; theta-angle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, technical solutions adopted and technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present embodiment provides a backlash detecting device for detecting a transmission backlash of a worm wheel 100 and a worm 200 in a worm gear reducer.
Referring to fig. 1, the worm gear reducer includes a worm wheel 100 and a worm 200, which are engaged with each other, and a case 300, and the worm wheel 100 and the worm 200 are disposed in the case 300. The box 300 is provided with a first bearing cover 301 and a second bearing cover 302 which are disc-shaped, and the worm 200 is coaxially arranged with the first bearing cover 301 and the second bearing cover 302. One end of the worm 200 extends out of the first bearing cover 301 to connect with the prime mover, one side shoulder of the worm 200 abuts against the first bearing cover 301 through a bearing and a plurality of gaskets 201, and the other side shoulder of the worm 200 abuts against the second bearing cover 302 through a bearing and a plurality of gaskets 201, so that the axial positioning of the worm 200 is realized.
In the present embodiment, the worm 200 is a double lead worm, and the tooth thickness thereof gradually changes along the axial center line of the worm 200. By adjusting the position of the worm 200 in the axial direction, the tooth thickness of the portion of the worm 200 that meshes with the worm wheel 100 changes constantly, thereby playing a role of adjusting backlash.
Still referring to fig. 1, the tooth thickness of the worm 200 is gradually reduced from a side near the first bearing cap 301 to a side near the second bearing cap 302. If the backlash of the meshing part of the worm gear 200 and the worm wheel 100 is too large due to wear, the number of the spacers 201 near the first bearing cap 301 is increased, and the number of the spacers 201 near the second bearing cap 302 is correspondingly decreased, so that the worm 200 is adjusted toward the second bearing cap 302, and the tooth thickness of the meshing part of the worm wheel 100 and the worm 200 is increased until the backlash reaches a normal value.
In the present embodiment, the backlash detection device detects the transmission backlash of the worm wheel 100 and the worm 200 in the current worm gear reducer, and can estimate the wear condition of the meshing part between the worm wheel 100 and the worm 200. If necessary, from the measured backlash value, it can be inferred to increase the specific number of shims 201 on the side close to the first bearing cap 301 and decrease the specific number of shims 201 on the side close to the second bearing cap 302. Therefore, monitoring the backlash of the worm gear 100 and the worm 200 is important to the use, maintenance, and repair of the worm gear reducer.
Referring to fig. 2, 3, and 4, the backlash detecting device includes a laser 1, a coordinate plate 2, a dial 3, and a pointer 4. The laser 1 is arranged on the worm wheel 100 and can emit light 10; the light 10 can be projected on the coordinate plate 2; the dial 3 is mounted on the first bearing cap 301; the pointer 4 is mounted on the worm 200 and can direct the worm 200 to rotate according to the scale marks on the dial 3, so that the emitting direction of the light 10 changes accordingly. When the worm 200 drives the worm wheel 100 to rotate, the projection position of the light 10 on the coordinate plate 2 can be changed along with the change of the emission direction of the light 10; the worm gear reducer is placed on a horizontal table 400, and the axes of the worm gear 100 and the worm 200 extend horizontally.
In the present embodiment, the transmission backlash of the worm wheel 100 and the worm 200 can be obtained from the change in the projection position of the light ray 10 on the coordinate plate 2. When the worm wheel 100 and the worm 200 are in matched transmission, the daily detection of the backlash can be carried out under the condition of not disassembling the box body 300 through the deflection of the light 10 emitted by the laser 1 arranged on the worm wheel 100 so as to deduce the abrasion condition of the meshing part of the worm wheel 100 and the worm 200; the transmission backlash of the worm wheel 100 and the worm 200 is amplified by the light 10 and projected on the coordinate plate 2, so that the accuracy and intuition of the detection result are improved; the pointer 4 guides the worm 200 to rotate according to the scale marks on the dial 3, and the accuracy and convenience for driving the worm 200 to rotate are guaranteed.
Specifically, the laser 1 is mounted at the end of the worm wheel shaft 101 of the worm wheel 100 through the output shaft coupling 11, and is mounted at the end of the output shaft coupling 11 away from the box 300, so that the laser 1 is ensured to rotate along with the worm wheel 100 and the light 10 is not affected by the box 300 and parts on the box 300. The laser 1 is mounted at one end of the output shaft coupler 11, which is far away from the worm gear shaft 101, through a connecting shaft, and the diameter of the connecting shaft meets the requirement of connection with the output shaft coupler 11.
The output shaft coupling 11 can be attached to the end of the worm shaft 101 when the worm gear reducer is operating normally. Therefore, the laser 1 is mounted on the output shaft coupling 11, so that the laser 1 is not required to be processed on the worm gear shaft 101 for mounting the mounting structure of the laser 1, and the output shaft coupling 11 is not required to be detached during detection.
Specifically, the light 10 is emitted from the light emitting port of the laser 1 and is perpendicular to the axis of the worm gear 100 and the axes of the worm gear shaft 101 and the output shaft coupling 11, i.e., extends in the radial direction of the worm gear 100; coordinate board 2 vertical setting, with the axis parallel arrangement of worm-gear axle 101, set up with the axis of worm 200 is perpendicular, and the emission direction of light 10 can be perpendicular to coordinate board 2, is convenient for read the projection position of light 10 on coordinate board 2 to carry out the calculation to the backlash.
Specifically, the worm 200 is configured to be rotatably disposed through the dial 3, and the worm 200, the dial 3, and the first bearing cap 301 are coaxially disposed, and the scale marks are disposed along the circumferential direction of the dial 3, facilitating the guidance of the pointer 4 by the scale marks on the dial 3.
Specifically, the extending direction of the pointer 4 is perpendicular to the axis of the worm 200, and is mounted at the end of the worm 200 through the input shaft coupler 41, and is mounted at one end of the input shaft coupler 41 close to the dial 3 and the worm 200, and one end of the input shaft coupler 41 away from the dial 3 and the worm 200 is provided with a pulling part 42, and the pulling part 42 is used for cooperating with a wrench to drive the worm 200. Wherein, one end of the wrenching part 42 is a cylindrical structure and the diameter thereof meets the connection requirement with the input shaft coupler 41; the other end of the pulling portion 42 is a rod-shaped structure with a hexagonal cross section for facilitating the matching with a wrench.
The input shaft coupling 41 can be attached to the end of the worm 200 when the worm gear reducer is operating normally. Therefore, the pulling portion 42 is mounted on the input shaft coupling 41, which not only serves to eliminate the need to process a mounting structure for mounting the pulling portion 42 on the worm 200, but also serves to eliminate the need to detach the input shaft coupling 41 during detection.
The embodiment further provides a backlash detection method, based on the backlash detection device, for detecting the transmission backlash of the worm wheel 100 and the worm 200 in the worm and gear speed reducer, including the following steps:
step S10: rotating the worm 200 to drive the worm wheel 100 in a first direction until the light 10 is projected and is perpendicular to the coordinate plate 2, measuring the length L projected by the light 10 at the moment, simultaneously driving the pointer 4 to point to the initial scale on the dial 3, ensuring that one side of the gear teeth on the worm wheel 100 entering and meshing with the worm 200 is in contact fit with the worm 200, and marking a first projection point A (see fig. 4) projected by the light 10 on the coordinate plate 2;
step S20: continuing to rotate the worm 200 for one circle in the first direction to enable the pointer 4 to point to the initial scale, and then reversely rotating the worm 200 for one circle to enable the pointer 4 to point to the initial scale, and ensuring that the other side of the gear tooth entering and meshing on the worm wheel 100 is in contact fit with the worm 200, and at this time, the marking light 10 is projected to a second projection point B (see FIG. 5) on the coordinate plate 2;
step S30: from the distance H and the length L between the first projection point a and the second projection point B, the tangent value of the angle θ between the light ray 10 projected at the first projection point a in step S10 and the light ray 10 projected at the second projection point B in step S20 is obtained, from which the value of the angle θ can be deduced, and then the backlash is obtained from the angle θ (see fig. 6).
Specifically, if the first direction is clockwise, the reverse direction is counterclockwise; if the first direction is counterclockwise, the reverse direction is clockwise.
Referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, in step S10, by monitoring the height difference in the vertical direction between the light emitting port of the laser 1 and the projection position of the light 10 on the coordinate plate 2, and rotating the worm 200 to adjust the projection position of the light 10 on the coordinate plate 2 so as to adjust the height difference until the height difference is zero, the light 10 can be projected perpendicular to the coordinate plate 2.
Referring still to fig. 4, 5 and 6, the included angle θ is the backlash angle of the worm gear 100, also referred to as the helical backlash of the worm gear 100. In step S20, due to the pitch angle backlash of the worm wheel 100, the worm 200 is rotated once in the first direction and then rotated once in the reverse direction, the worm 200 is switched from the contact engagement with one side of the teeth of the worm wheel 100 engaged with the worm wheel 100 to the contact engagement with the other side of the teeth of the worm wheel 100 engaged with the worm wheel 100, and the worm wheel 100 is in a stationary state during the switching (see fig. 3).
Therefore, when the worm gear 200 is rotated once in the first direction and then the worm gear 200 is rotated once in the reverse direction in step S20, the worm gear 100 cannot be completely reset, and the included angle θ represents the deviation angle of the worm gear 100 at the two times, compared to the position of the worm gear 100 when the pointer 4 points to the initial scale in step S10.
The main parameters for the transmission between the worm wheel 100 and the worm 200 are as follows:
the normal backlash of the meshing part of the worm wheel 100 and the worm 200 is as follows: jn;
the circumferential backlash of the worm gear 100 is: jt;
the pitch circle diameters of the worm gear 100 are: d;
the lead angle of the worm 200 is: gamma;
the normal pressure angle is: α.
Specifically, pi, D, alpha and gamma are constants, and then the degree of the included angle theta is measured, and the following calculation formula,
Jt＝θ·πD/360，
Jn＝Jt·cosαcosγ，
jn, the normal backlash of the meshing portion of the worm wheel 100 and the worm 200, is obtained. Thereby adjusting the position of the worm 200 in the axial direction according to the measured backlash value until the transmission backlash of the worm wheel 100 and the worm 200 satisfies the requirement.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A backlash detecting device for detecting a backlash in a drive of a worm wheel (100) and a worm (200) which are engaged with each other, comprising:
the laser device (1) is arranged on the worm gear (100) and can emit light (10), and the light (10) extends along the radial direction of the worm gear (100);
coordinate board (2), light (10) can be thrown on coordinate board (2), worm (200) drive worm wheel (100) when rotatory, can be according to light (10) throw the change of position on coordinate board (2) and obtain the backlash.
2. The backlash detection device according to claim 1, further comprising:
the worm is characterized by comprising a dial plate (3), wherein scale marks are arranged on the dial plate (3), and the worm (200) is configured to be arranged in the dial plate (3) in a penetrating mode;
the pointer (4) is arranged on the worm (200) and can guide the worm (200) to rotate according to the scale marks.
3. Backlash detection device according to claim 2, wherein said pointer (4) is mounted to the end of said worm (200) by means of an input shaft coupling (41).
4. Backlash detection device according to claim 3, wherein an end of the input shaft coupling (41) facing away from the worm (200) is provided with a wrenching portion (42), the wrenching portion (42) being adapted to cooperate with a wrench for driving the worm (200).
5. The backlash detection device according to claim 2, wherein said laser (1) is provided on a worm gear shaft (101) of said worm gear (100).
6. Backlash detection device according to claim 5, wherein said laser (1) is mounted to the end of said worm gear shaft (101) by means of an output shaft coupling (11).
7. The backlash detection device according to claim 5, wherein said coordinate plate (2) is arranged parallel to the axis of said worm gear shaft (101), and the emission direction of said light rays (10) can be perpendicular to said coordinate plate (2).
8. A backlash detecting method for detecting a transmission backlash of the worm wheel (100) and the worm (200) based on the backlash detecting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
step S10: rotating the worm (200) to drive the worm wheel (100) in a first direction until the light (10) is projected and is perpendicular to the coordinate plate (2), measuring the length (L) projected by the light (10) at the moment, and marking a first projection point (A) projected by the light (10) on the coordinate plate (2);
step S20: continuing to rotate the worm (200) for a circle in the first direction, and then reversely rotating the worm (200) for a circle, and marking a second projection point (B) of the light ray (10) projected on the coordinate plate (2);
step S30: and obtaining an included angle (theta) between the light ray (10) projected to the first projection point (A) and the light ray (10) projected to the second projection point (B) according to the distance (H) and the length (L) of the first projection point (A) and the second projection point (B), and obtaining the backlash according to the included angle (theta).
9. The backlash detection method according to claim 8, wherein the light ray (10) can be projected perpendicular to the coordinate plate (2) by monitoring a height difference between a light emitting port of the laser (1) and a projection position of the light ray (10) on the coordinate plate (2), and rotating the worm (200) to adjust the height difference.
10. The backlash detection method according to claim 8, wherein a tangent value of the angle (θ) is obtained from the distance (H) and the length (L), and the value of the angle (θ) can be estimated from the tangent value.
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| CN201202795Y (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-03-04 | 上海冲剪机床厂 | Double-drive servo motor gear tooth side gap adjusting mechanism for laser cutting machine |
| CN101464133B (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2012-05-23 | 河南科技大学 | Detection apparatus for circumferential clearance of elastic ring |
| JP2010175044A (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-08-12 | Canon Inc | Drive transmission device and image formation device equipped with the same |
| KR101828540B1 (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2018-02-12 | 한화지상방산 주식회사 | A method for compensation of rotation angle of a rotating device |
| CN105547173A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-05-04 | 凌云光技术集团有限责任公司 | Screw return gap calibration method |
| CN205718864U (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-11-23 | 厦门市三友和机械有限公司 | Automobile steering device worm shaft end play testing machine |
| CN206208211U (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-05-31 | 济南民昌新能源有限公司 | Planetary reducer back clearance detection means |
| CN107036558B (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2019-02-12 | 杭州嘉诚机械有限公司 | The spatial vertical degree detection device of worm-gear speed reducer drive axle seat axially bored line |
| US10222200B2 (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2019-03-05 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Contactless, blade-tip clearance measurement for turbines |
| CN207439354U (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-06-01 | 杭州嘉诚机械有限公司 | Worm-gear speed reducer worm screw axial displacement and normal backlash detection device |
| CN109812546A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-05-28 | 银川威力传动技术股份有限公司 | A kind of backlash adjustment device |
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