CN110238191B - Cloth net type ecological restoration method for pesticide organic matter contaminated soil - Google Patents
Cloth net type ecological restoration method for pesticide organic matter contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110238191B CN110238191B CN201910648858.1A CN201910648858A CN110238191B CN 110238191 B CN110238191 B CN 110238191B CN 201910648858 A CN201910648858 A CN 201910648858A CN 110238191 B CN110238191 B CN 110238191B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
The invention discloses a cloth net type ecological restoration method aiming at pesticide organic matter polluted soil, which can improve the singleness of traditional microbial ecological restoration, takes a plurality of microbial agents as raw materials, remarkably improves the effects of the microbial agents in restoring soil ecological systems and degrading pesticide organic pollutants by means of synergistic and intercropping and metabolism among microbes, and is particularly obvious in restoration of soil pollution caused by pesticide organic matters; meanwhile, the nutrient and the active humic acid have the functions of improving soil, improving the living environment of beneficial microorganisms and promoting the growth and the propagation of the beneficial microorganisms, so that the efficacy of the microbial preparation is improved, the time for repairing the soil is shortened, the microbial preparation can be purposefully guided to all corners of the soil to be repaired by the aid of a special net distributing device, the penetration effect and the repairing effect of the microbial preparation in the soil are promoted, and resistant plants such as eichhornia crassipes and the like are planted on the soil polluted by pesticide organic matters, so that the effect of improving the pollution of the pesticide organic matters is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polluted soil remediation, in particular to a cloth net type ecological remediation method for soil polluted by pesticide organic matters.
Background
The chemical pesticide has the advantages of quick response, spectrum prevention and control, stable property, convenient transportation, low price and the like, plays a great role in preventing and controlling crop diseases, pests and weeds to eliminate sanitary pests, diseases and the like, and promotes the development of modern agriculture. The organophosphorus pesticide has the characteristics of multiple varieties, high pesticide effect, broad control range and the like, is still the category with the largest dosage in the pesticide so far, plays a role in improving the weight in agricultural production, and the production and dosage of the organophosphorus pesticide in China account for more than half of the total production and dosage of the pesticide. However, organophosphorus pesticides have strong toxicity, and after long-term and large-scale use, the residue on crops can cause food safety problems, the export of agricultural products in China is also influenced, and water and soil can be polluted by scattered pesticides.
At present, the treatment method of the pesticide-polluted soil comprises a physical and chemical method, namely, the concentration of organic chemical pesticides is reduced and the chemical structure of the organic chemical pesticides is converted into a harmless molecular structure through the heat effect of current, the impact action of electrochemical reactants and pulse current; the microbial degradation method is that organic chemical pesticides are decomposed by obligate microbes, or the chemical and physical properties of soil are changed by the activity of microbes to indirectly act on the pesticides, and the indirect effects of mineralization, co-metabolism, biological concentration or accumulation and the like are generally achieved. The physical and mathematical method is easy to be limited in application due to the auxiliary action of current, and the application range is small.
The microbial degradation is characterized by high efficiency, low cost, safety and the like, and becomes an effective measure for treating various organic pollutants. In recent years, research on the treatment of pesticide residue pollution by using degrading microorganisms has attracted much attention. However, the microbial preparation is used for degrading pesticides, the microbial preparation has high specificity, often one kind of microbe can not degrade multiple kinds of pesticides simultaneously, the degradation rate is slow, the polluted soil usually has multiple pesticide residues, so the degradation and repair effect of a single microbial preparation is poor, and because the existing repair mode of the microbial preparation mostly adopts a soil turning and splashing mode, on one hand, the consumed manpower and material resources are large, on the other hand, the microbial preparation needs to wait for the microbial preparation to automatically spread and permeate after splashing, so the aim of repairing the soil is achieved, but the permeation of the preparation has no purpose and has limited permeability, once the seriously polluted soil even needs to be turned over for multiple times, the maximum effect of the microbial preparation can not be played while the repair cost is remarkably increased, or the actual consumption for achieving the same repair level is far higher than the theoretical amount, resulting in waste of microbial agents.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cloth net type ecological restoration method for soil polluted by pesticide organic matters, which can improve the singleness of the traditional microbial ecological restoration, takes a plurality of microbial agents as raw materials, and remarkably improves the effects of the microbial agents in restoring soil ecological systems and degrading pesticide organic pollutants by means of synergistic and intercropping metabolism among microbes, and particularly has obvious effect on the restoration of the soil pollution caused by the pesticide organic matters; meanwhile, the nutrient and the active humic acid have the functions of improving soil, improving the living environment of beneficial microorganisms and promoting the growth and the propagation of the beneficial microorganisms, so that the efficacy of the microbial preparation is improved, the time for repairing the soil is shortened, the microbial preparation can be purposefully guided to all corners of the soil to be repaired by the aid of a special net distributing device, the penetration effect and the repairing effect of the microbial preparation in the soil are promoted, and resistant plants such as eichhornia crassipes and the like are planted on the soil polluted by pesticide organic matters, so that the effect of improving the pollution of the pesticide organic matters is better.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A cloth net type ecological restoration method for pesticide organic matter polluted soil comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing raw materials, and preparing a microbial preparation capable of repairing various types of stains;
secondly, carrying out surface crushing treatment on the soil to be restored, removing large foreign matters, and uniformly sprinkling water after the surface is leveled;
thirdly, installing a net distributing device after positioning, and starting the net distributing device to distribute a repairing net on the soil to be repaired;
fourthly, uniformly and fully injecting the microbial preparation prepared in the first step into the soil to be repaired through the repairing net in the third step;
and fifthly, sampling after 24h, detecting the pollution degree of the repaired soil, collecting the net distributing device if the pollution repair reaches the standard, naturally placing for 15-30d, and then recovering to use, and returning to the fourth step if the pollution repair does not reach the standard.
Further, the microbial preparation comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of nutrient, 15-25 parts of active humic acid and 20-30 parts of compound microbial agent, wherein the nutrient can provide nutrition for microorganisms to keep activity and improve soil, and the active humic acid is a natural organic weak acid and consists of fulvic acid, fulvic acid and ulmic acid. The main elements of humic acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, a small amount of nitrogen and sulfur, and various functional groups. It has the following physical, chemical and biological effects: improving the soil structure; preventing and controlling soil cracking and erosion; the water holding capacity of the soil is increased, and the cold resistance is improved; the soil is darkened, which is beneficial to solar energy absorption; adjusting the pH value of the soil; improving and optimizing the absorption of nutrition and moisture by plants; the buffering capacity of the soil is increased; the fertilizer is rich in organic matters and mineral matters which are necessary for the growth of plants; the nutrient elements are converted into a state which is easy to be absorbed by the plants, so that the absorption of the plants on nitrogen is enhanced, the fixation of phosphorus is reduced, the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are deeply embedded into the soil can be protected and stored in the soil, the process that the nutrient elements enter the plants can be accelerated, and the application effect of the inorganic fertilizer is improved; therefore, humic acid is a 'reserve bank' of plant nutrient elements and physiologically active substances, and stimulates the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in soil; the natural disease resistance and insect pest resistance of plants are improved, and the compound microbial agent is used for repairing the pollution of various pesticides and organic matters.
Further, the nutritional agent comprises urea, ammonium carbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sucrose, and molasses, and is added in a ratio of 1: 0.2-0.4: sequentially adding deionized water in a ratio of 1.2-1.5:2-3:1.5-2, mixing and stirring.
Further, the compound microbial agent comprises a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, a trichoderma agent, a bacillus subtilis agent, a rhodopseudomonas palustris agent, an acinetobacter calcoaceticus agent and a lactococcus lactis agent.
Furthermore, in the second step, water is sprayed until the water content of the soil to be repaired is kept between 30 and 50 weight percent, so that the penetration of the microbial preparation in the soil to be repaired is improved, and the comprehensive repair effect of the microbial preparation is further improved.
Further, the net distributing device comprises a fixing ball, a soil burying insertion rod is fixedly connected to the lower end of the fixing ball, a separation plate is fixedly connected to the inner end of the fixing ball, an electric air pump is installed at the left end of the separation plate, a top door is installed at the upper end of the fixing ball, a liquid outlet hole is formed in the lower end of the fixing ball, a flow channel communicated with the liquid outlet hole is formed in the soil burying insertion rod in a chiseling mode, a plurality of liquid releasing holes which are evenly distributed are formed in the outer end of the soil burying insertion rod in a chiseling mode and communicated with the flow channel, a guide deformation rod is installed at the inner end of each liquid releasing hole and connected with the electric air pump through a plurality of branch air pipes, and by means of the net distributing device buried in soil to be repaired, the characteristic that the guide deformation rod is inflated and hardened to extend in the soil is utilized, dispersed networks are formed in.
Further, guide deformation pole includes elastic airbag, water conservancy diversion fibrous layer and miniature broken ground awl, the water conservancy diversion fibrous layer passes through the bronchus and is connected with electronic air pump, liquid release hole one end and miniature broken ground awl fixed connection are kept away from to elastic airbag, water conservancy diversion fibrous layer parcel is in elastic airbag outer end, and elastic airbag plays the effect of aerifing the sclerosis and extending, and water conservancy diversion fibrous layer plays the effect of guide microbial preparation, and miniature broken ground awl then makes things convenient for elastic airbag to break open soil at the in-process that extends.
Furthermore, the number of the liquid releasing holes distributed along the circumference of the buried soil insertion rod is 4-8, and the distance between two adjacent liquid releasing holes is 20-50cm, so that the tightness of the net arrangement is improved, and the microbial preparation can be ensured to restore each piece of soil under the guiding of the deformation rod and the self-osmosis action.
Furthermore, 2-4 net distributing devices are installed in every 10 square meters of soil to be repaired in the third step, the net distributing devices are kept in a vertical state during installation, the embedding depth is preferably 5-10cm far from the soil to be repaired, the comprehensiveness of soil repair is kept, and technicians can conveniently embed and recover the net distributing devices.
Furthermore, plants which can absorb and resist the pesticide organic matters are planted in the restored soil after the fourth step, the plants comprise eichhornia crassipes, small cucurbita pepo, wild typha and tobacco, the pesticide organic pollutants are absorbed and digested by the resistant plants, and the effect of improving the soil pollution caused by the pesticide organic matters is better.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the scheme can improve the singleness of traditional microbial ecological restoration, takes a plurality of microbial agents as raw materials, depends on the cooperative and alternate co-metabolism among microorganisms, obviously improves the effects of the microbial agents in restoring soil ecological systems and degrading pesticide organic pollutants, and is especially obvious in restoring soil pollution caused by pesticide organic matters; meanwhile, the nutrient and the active humic acid have the functions of improving soil, improving the living environment of beneficial microorganisms and promoting the growth and the propagation of the beneficial microorganisms, so that the efficacy of the microbial preparation is improved, the time for repairing the soil is shortened, the microbial preparation can be purposefully guided to all corners of the soil to be repaired by the aid of a special net distributing device, the penetration effect and the repairing effect of the microbial preparation in the soil are promoted, and resistant plants such as eichhornia crassipes and the like are planted on the soil polluted by pesticide organic matters, so that the effect of improving the pollution of the pesticide organic matters is better.
(2) The microbial preparation comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of nutrient, 15-25 parts of active humic acid and 20-30 parts of compound microbial agent, wherein the nutrient can provide nutrition for microorganisms to keep activity and improve soil, and the active humic acid is a natural organic weak acid and consists of fulvic acid, fulvic acid and ulmic acid. The main elements of humic acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, a small amount of nitrogen and sulfur, and various functional groups. It has the following physical, chemical and biological effects: improving the soil structure; preventing and controlling soil cracking and erosion; the water holding capacity of the soil is increased, and the cold resistance is improved; the soil is darkened, which is beneficial to solar energy absorption; adjusting the pH value of the soil; improving and optimizing the absorption of nutrition and moisture by plants; the buffering capacity of the soil is increased; the fertilizer is rich in organic matters and mineral matters which are necessary for the growth of plants; the nutrient elements are converted into a state which is easy to be absorbed by the plants, so that the absorption of the plants on nitrogen is enhanced, the fixation of phosphorus is reduced, the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are deeply embedded into the soil can be protected and stored in the soil, the process that the nutrient elements enter the plants can be accelerated, and the application effect of the inorganic fertilizer is improved; therefore, humic acid is a 'reserve bank' of plant nutrient elements and physiologically active substances, and stimulates the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in soil; the natural disease resistance and insect pest resistance of plants are improved, and the compound microbial agent is used for repairing the pollution of various pesticides and organic matters.
(3) The nutritional agent comprises urea, ammonium carbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sucrose and molasses, and is present in a ratio of 1: 0.2-0.4: sequentially adding deionized water in a ratio of 1.2-1.5:2-3:1.5-2, mixing and stirring.
(4) The compound microbial agent comprises a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, a trichoderma agent, a bacillus subtilis agent, a rhodopseudomonas palustris agent, an acinetobacter calcoaceticus agent and a lactococcus lactis agent.
(5) And in the second step, water is sprayed until the water content of the soil to be repaired is kept between 30 and 50 weight percent, so that the penetration of the microbial preparation in the soil to be repaired is improved, and the comprehensive repair effect of the microbial preparation is further improved.
(6) The net distributing device comprises a fixed ball, a soil burying inserted bar is fixedly connected to the lower end of the fixed ball, a separation plate is fixedly connected to the inner end of the fixed ball, an electric air pump is installed at the left end of the separation plate, a top door is installed at the upper end of the fixed ball, a liquid outlet hole is formed in the lower end of the fixed ball, a flow channel communicated with the liquid outlet hole is formed in the soil burying inserted bar in a chiseling mode, a plurality of uniformly distributed liquid releasing holes are formed in the outer end of the soil burying inserted bar in a chiseling mode and communicated with the flow channel, a guide deformation rod is installed at the inner end of the liquid releasing holes and connected with the electric air pump through a plurality of branch air pipes, the net distributing device is buried in soil to be repaired, the guide deformation rod is utilized to inflate and harden the characteristic of extending in the soil.
(7) The guide deformation pole includes elastic airbag, water conservancy diversion fibrous layer and miniature broken soil awl, and the water conservancy diversion fibrous layer passes through the bronchus and is connected with electronic air pump, and liquid release hole one end and miniature broken soil awl fixed connection are kept away from to elastic airbag, and water conservancy diversion fibrous layer parcel is in the elastic airbag outer end, and elastic airbag plays the effect of aerifing the sclerosis and extending, and water conservancy diversion fibrous layer plays the effect of guide microbial preparation, and miniature broken soil awl then makes things convenient for elastic airbag to break open soil at the in-process that extends.
(8) The number of the liquid releasing holes distributed along the circumference of the soil-burying inserted rod is 4-8, the distance between two adjacent liquid releasing holes is 20-50cm, the tightness of the net arrangement is improved, and the microbial preparation can be ensured to repair each piece of soil under the guiding of the guiding deformation rod and the self osmosis.
(9) In the third step, 2-4 net distributing devices are installed in every 10 square meters of soil to be repaired, the net distributing devices are kept in a vertical state during installation, the embedding depth is preferably 5-10cm higher than that of the soil to be repaired, the comprehensiveness of soil repair is kept, and technicians can conveniently embed and recover the net distributing devices.
(10) And fourthly, planting plants which generate absorption resistance to the pesticide organic matters in the restored soil, wherein the plants comprise eichhornia crassipes, small cucurbita pepo, wild cattail and tobacco, and absorbing and digesting the pesticide organic pollutants through the resistant plants, so that the effect of improving the soil pollution caused by the pesticide organic matters is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the main flow of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the distribution of the web laying apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the netting device of the present invention in an idle state;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the web laying apparatus of the present invention in a guiding state;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the deformation guiding rod of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
the device comprises a fixing ball 1, a soil-buried inserted rod 2, a liquid releasing hole 3, a top door 4, a deformation guiding rod 5, an elastic air bag 501, a flow guide fiber layer 502, a miniature soil breaking cone 503, a partition plate 6, an electric air pump 7, a flow channel 8 and a bronchus 9.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are used in a broad sense, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and a communication between two elements.
Example 1:
a cloth net type ecological restoration method for pesticide organic matter polluted soil comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing raw materials, and preparing a microbial preparation capable of repairing various types of stains;
secondly, performing surface crushing treatment on the soil to be repaired, removing large foreign matters, uniformly spraying water after the surface is leveled until the water content of the soil to be repaired is kept at 30wt%, improving the osmosis of a microbial preparation in the soil to be repaired, and further improving the comprehensive repairing effect of the soil;
thirdly, installing a net distributing device after positioning, installing 4 net distributing devices in every 10 square meters of soil to be repaired, keeping the net distributing device in a vertical state during installation, ensuring that the top door 4 is exposed out of the soil to be repaired by 10cm, keeping the comprehensiveness of soil repair, facilitating the embedding and recovery of the net distributing device by technicians, and starting the net distributing device to distribute the repairing net in the soil to be repaired;
fourthly, uniformly and fully injecting the microbial preparation prepared in the first step into the soil to be repaired through the repairing net in the third step;
and fifthly, sampling after 24h, detecting the pollution degree of the repaired soil, collecting the net distributing device if the pollution repair reaches the standard, naturally placing for 15d, and then recovering to use, and returning to the fourth step if the pollution repair does not reach the standard.
The microbial preparation comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of nutrient, 15 parts of active humic acid and 20 parts of compound microbial agent, wherein the nutrient can provide nutrition for microorganisms to keep activity and can improve soil, and the active humic acid is a natural organic weak acid and consists of fulvic acid, fulvic acid and ulmic acid. The main elements of humic acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, a small amount of nitrogen and sulfur, and various functional groups. It has the following physical, chemical and biological effects: improving the soil structure; preventing and controlling soil cracking and erosion; the water holding capacity of the soil is increased, and the cold resistance is improved; the soil is darkened, which is beneficial to solar energy absorption; adjusting the pH value of the soil; improving and optimizing the absorption of nutrition and moisture by plants; the buffering capacity of the soil is increased; the fertilizer is rich in organic matters and mineral matters which are necessary for the growth of plants; the nutrient elements are converted into a state which is easy to be absorbed by the plants, so that the absorption of the plants on nitrogen is enhanced, the fixation of phosphorus is reduced, the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are deeply embedded into the soil can be protected and stored in the soil, the process that the nutrient elements enter the plants can be accelerated, and the application effect of the inorganic fertilizer is improved; therefore, humic acid is a 'reserve bank' of plant nutrient elements and physiologically active substances, and stimulates the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in soil; the natural disease resistance and insect pest resistance of plants are improved, and the compound microbial agent is used for repairing the pollution of various pesticides and organic matters.
The nutritional agent comprises urea, ammonium carbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sucrose and molasses, and is present in a ratio of 1: 0.2: the composite microbial agent comprises a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, a trichoderma agent, a bacillus subtilis agent, a rhodopseudomonas palustris agent, an acinetobacter calcoaceticus agent and a lactococcus lactis agent, wherein the compound microbial agent is prepared by selecting a proper proportion by a technician according to the actual pollution condition on site, and the proportion is not limited.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the net distributing device comprises a fixed ball 1, a buried inserting rod 2 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the fixed ball 1 to break the soil, a partition plate 6 is fixedly connected to the inner end of the fixed ball 1, an electric air pump 7 is installed at the left end of the partition plate 6, a top door 4 is installed at the upper end of the fixed ball 1, liquid outlet holes are drilled at the lower end of the fixed ball 1, a flow channel 8 communicated with the liquid outlet holes is drilled in the buried inserting rod 2, a plurality of liquid releasing holes 3 are uniformly distributed at the outer end of the buried inserting rod 2, the liquid releasing holes 3 are communicated with the flow channel 8, the number of the liquid releasing holes 3 distributed along the circumference of the buried inserting rod 2 is 8, the distance between two liquid releasing holes 3 adjacent to each other is 50cm, the tightness of the net is improved, it is ensured that the microbial preparation can restore each piece of soil under the guiding and self-penetrating action of the guiding deformation rod 5, a guiding deformation rod 5 is installed at the inner end of, the guide deformation rod 5 is connected with the electric air pump 7 through a plurality of bronchus 9, and a net distribution device is embedded in soil to be restored, so that a dispersed network is formed in the soil by utilizing the characteristic that the guide deformation rod 5 is inflated and hardened to extend in the soil, and the purposeful restoration of a guide microbial preparation is further realized.
Referring to fig. 4, the guiding deformation rod 5 includes an elastic air bag 501, a guiding fiber layer 502 and a micro-ground breaking cone 503, the guiding fiber layer 502 is connected to the electric air pump 7 through the bronchus 9, one end of the elastic air bag 501 far from the liquid releasing hole 3 is fixedly connected to the micro-ground breaking cone 503, the guiding fiber layer 502 is wrapped at the outer end of the elastic air bag 501, the elastic air bag 501 plays a role of inflating, hardening and stretching, the guiding fiber layer 502 plays a role of guiding the microbial preparation, the micro-ground breaking cone 503 facilitates the elastic air bag 501 to break the soil in the stretching process, the diameter of the elastic air bag 501 is 0.5mm, the length of the elastic air bag 501 is 2m, and the thickness of the guiding fiber layer 502 is 2 mm.
The working principle of the net distributing device is as follows:
after a proper number of net distributing devices are buried according to the area and the depth of the soil to be restored, the electric air pump 7 is started to inflate the guide fiber layer 502, the guide fiber layer 502 is inflated and hardened and then extends from the liquid releasing hole 3, and the guide fiber layer slowly extends to form a straight pipe type under the action of the micro soil breaking cone 503 for breaking the soil, when the deformation rod 5 is guided to be completely stretched out, a repairing net of the soil to be repaired is formed, technicians inject microbial agents into the fixing ball 1 at the moment and flow into the liquid releasing holes 3 from the flow channel 8 in sequence, and the microbial agent is permeated into the surrounding soil along the extending path of the elastic air bag 501 under the flow guiding action of the flow guiding fiber layer 502, so that the microbial agent is finally completely permeated and repaired in all soil along the whole repairing net, the electric air pump 7 is started to pump air after the repairing is completed, the deformation rod 5 is guided to be softened and then retracts into the liquid releasing hole 3 along the extending path, and the net distributing device is recovered for the next repairing.
The repairing principle of the microbial preparation on the organic contaminated soil is as follows:
the process of organic contaminants entering microbial cells: most organic pollutants in soil can be degraded, transformed by microorganisms, and their toxicity reduced or rendered completely harmless. Microbial degradation of organic pollutants relies mainly on two modes of action: degradation by extracellular enzymes secreted by the microorganism; after being taken up into its cells by microorganisms, the contaminants are degraded by intracellular enzymes. The mode that the microorganism absorbs and absorbs substances from the extracellular environment mainly has the functions of active transportation, passive diffusion, diffusion promotion, group transposition, pinocytosis and the like, thereby realizing the degradation of pesticide residues in the farmland, passivation and heavy metal fixation; bacteriostasis and disease prevention, and enhancing the stress resistance of crops, and each beneficial bacterial strain and metabolite thereof have strong inhibition and killing effects on various soil-borne diseases; the ecological environment of the soil is improved, the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil can be rapidly increased after the application, and the effect of effectively inhibiting and influencing soil-borne diseases is achieved, so that the micro-ecological environment of the soil is effectively improved; the soil is repaired, the soil nutrition condition is improved, after the application, each thallus cell and the metabolite thereof act on the soil, the organic matter content of the soil is effectively increased, the soil is loose and has strong air permeability, the nutrient absorption of crops is promoted, and the soil damage caused by excessive application of chemical drugs is repaired and improved to a certain extent; the effective utilization of the fertilizer is improved, the absorption of the soil nutrients by the crops is promoted, the soil nutrient elements can be effectively decomposed, the adsorption and fixation of the soil to the fertilizer are reduced, the effective utilization of the fertilizer is improved, the growth of the crops is promoted, the yield is increased, and the quality is improved; the contained strains have the functions of promoting growth and increasing yield of crops.
And fourthly, planting plants which generate absorption resistance to the pesticide organic matters in the restored soil, wherein the plants comprise eichhornia crassipes, small cucurbita pepo, wild cattail and tobacco, and absorbing and digesting the pesticide organic pollutants through the resistant plants, so that the effect of improving the soil pollution caused by the pesticide organic matters is better.
The principle of repairing pesticide organic contaminated soil by planting resistant plants such as water hyacinth and the like is as follows:
(1) the plant directly absorbs and accumulates non-phytotoxic substances in plant tissues, has strong transportation and enrichment capacity, can directly absorb and decompose the pesticide from soil or leaves of the plant with special functions, becomes a component of the plant through lignification, and then is converted into carbon dioxide and water through metabolism or mineralization or achieves the aim of restoration through the volatilization of the plant.
(2) The plant produces and releases root exudates such as enzyme with degradation effect or promoting biochemical reaction in environment, and the enzyme system released by the plant into rhizosphere soil can directly degrade related compounds.
(3) Joint metabolism of plant rhizosphere and microorganism. The rhizosphere micro-ecological system consisting of the plant root system, the root system microorganisms and the soil is the most active area in the soil, and the activity and the biomass of the microorganisms are increased due to the existence of the root system. The number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere area and in the root soil varies widely, typically 5-20 times, and in some cases up to 100 times, the growth in number and activity of these microorganisms is a factor that promotes the metabolic degradation of non-biological compounds in the rhizosphere, and the age of the plant, the roots of different plants, and even nodules, root hairs, and other properties of the roots, can affect the rate of degradation of specific toxic substances by the rhizosphere microorganisms.
The restoring mechanism of the water hyacinth is mainly that the water hyacinth accumulates or further degrades in the water hyacinth after absorbing the pesticide, and the main digestion amount of the water hyacinth and the dicofol is completed by the accumulation; the eichhornia crassipes has excellent absorption effect on parathion and has super capacity of removing methyl parathion in aqueous solution; the small cucumber has strong transportation and enrichment capacity, and the enrichment capacity of the tender bud is higher than that of the root system.
The invention can improve the unicity of traditional microbial ecological restoration, takes a plurality of microbial agents as raw materials, and depends on the cooperative and alternate co-metabolism among microorganisms, thereby obviously improving the effects of the microbial agents in restoring soil ecological systems and degrading pesticide organic pollutants, and particularly having obvious effect on restoring soil pollution caused by pesticide organic matters; meanwhile, the nutrient and the active humic acid have the functions of improving soil, improving the living environment of beneficial microorganisms and promoting the growth and the propagation of the beneficial microorganisms, so that the efficacy of the microbial preparation is improved, the time for repairing the soil is shortened, the microbial preparation can be purposefully guided to all corners of the soil to be repaired by the aid of a special net distributing device, the penetration effect and the repairing effect of the microbial preparation in the soil are promoted, and resistant plants such as eichhornia crassipes and the like are planted on the soil polluted by pesticide organic matters, so that the effect of improving the pollution of the pesticide organic matters is better.
Example 2:
a cloth net type ecological restoration method for pesticide organic matter polluted soil comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing raw materials, and preparing a microbial preparation capable of repairing various types of stains;
secondly, performing surface crushing treatment on the soil to be repaired, removing large foreign matters, uniformly spraying water after the surface is leveled until the water content of the soil to be repaired is kept at 40wt%, improving the osmosis of a microbial preparation in the soil to be repaired, and further improving the comprehensive repairing effect of the soil;
thirdly, installing a net distributing device after positioning, installing 4 net distributing devices in every 10 square meters of soil to be repaired, keeping the net distributing device in a vertical state during installation, ensuring that the top door 4 is exposed out of the soil to be repaired by 5-10cm, keeping the comprehensiveness of soil repair, facilitating the embedding and recovery of the net distributing device by technicians, and starting the net distributing device to distribute the repairing net on the soil to be repaired;
fourthly, uniformly and fully injecting the microbial preparation prepared in the first step into the soil to be repaired through the repairing net in the third step;
and fifthly, sampling after 24h, detecting the pollution degree of the repaired soil, collecting the net distributing device if the pollution repair reaches the standard, naturally placing for 20d, and recovering to use, and returning to the fourth step if the pollution repair does not reach the standard.
The microbial preparation comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of nutrient, 20 parts of active humic acid and 25 parts of compound microbial agent, wherein the nutrient can provide nutrition for microorganisms to keep activity and can improve soil, and the active humic acid is a natural organic weak acid and consists of fulvic acid, fulvic acid and ulmic acid. The main elements of humic acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, a small amount of nitrogen and sulfur, and various functional groups. It has the following physical, chemical and biological effects: improving the soil structure; preventing and controlling soil cracking and erosion; the water holding capacity of the soil is increased, and the cold resistance is improved; the soil is darkened, which is beneficial to solar energy absorption; adjusting the pH value of the soil; improving and optimizing the absorption of nutrition and moisture by plants; the buffering capacity of the soil is increased; the fertilizer is rich in organic matters and mineral matters which are necessary for the growth of plants; the nutrient elements are converted into a state which is easy to be absorbed by the plants, so that the absorption of the plants on nitrogen is enhanced, the fixation of phosphorus is reduced, the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are deeply embedded into the soil can be protected and stored in the soil, the process that the nutrient elements enter the plants can be accelerated, and the application effect of the inorganic fertilizer is improved; therefore, humic acid is a 'reserve bank' of plant nutrient elements and physiologically active substances, and stimulates the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in soil; the natural disease resistance and insect pest resistance of plants are improved, and the compound microbial agent is used for repairing the pollution of various pesticides and organic matters.
The nutritional agent comprises urea, ammonium carbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sucrose and molasses, and is present in a ratio of 1: 0.3: the composite microbial agent comprises a bacillus amyloliquefaciens microbial agent, a trichoderma microbial agent, a bacillus subtilis microbial agent, a rhodopseudomonas palustris microbial agent, an acinetobacter calcoaceticus microbial agent and a lactococcus lactis microbial agent, wherein the composite microbial agent is prepared by sequentially adding deionized water according to the proportion of 1.2:2.5:1.8, and the proportion of the composite microbial agent is selected by a technician according to the actual pollution condition on site without limitation.
The rest of the process was the same as example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 3:
a cloth net type ecological restoration method for pesticide organic matter polluted soil comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing raw materials, and preparing a microbial preparation capable of repairing various types of stains;
secondly, performing surface crushing treatment on the soil to be repaired, removing large foreign matters, uniformly spraying water after the surface is leveled until the water content of the soil to be repaired is kept at 50wt%, improving the osmosis of a microbial preparation in the soil to be repaired, and further improving the comprehensive repairing effect of the soil;
thirdly, installing a net distributing device after positioning, installing 4 net distributing devices in every 10 square meters of soil to be repaired, keeping the net distributing device in a vertical state during installation, ensuring that the top door 4 is exposed out of the soil to be repaired by 10cm, keeping the comprehensiveness of soil repair, facilitating the embedding and recovery of the net distributing device by technicians, and starting the net distributing device to distribute the repairing net in the soil to be repaired;
fourthly, uniformly and fully injecting the microbial preparation prepared in the first step into the soil to be repaired through the repairing net in the third step;
and fifthly, sampling after 24h, detecting the pollution degree of the repaired soil, collecting the net distributing device if the pollution repair reaches the standard, naturally placing for 30d, and then recovering to use, and returning to the fourth step if the pollution repair does not reach the standard.
The microbial preparation comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: the soil improvement fertilizer comprises, by weight, 50 parts of a nutrient, 25 parts of active humic acid and 30 parts of a compound microbial agent, wherein the nutrient can provide nutrition for microorganisms to maintain activity and can improve soil, and the active humic acid is a natural organic weak acid and consists of fulvic acid, fulvic acid and ulmic acid. The main elements of humic acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, a small amount of nitrogen and sulfur, and various functional groups. It has the following physical, chemical and biological effects: improving the soil structure; preventing and controlling soil cracking and erosion; the water holding capacity of the soil is increased, and the cold resistance is improved; the soil is darkened, which is beneficial to solar energy absorption; adjusting the pH value of the soil; improving and optimizing the absorption of nutrition and moisture by plants; the buffering capacity of the soil is increased; the fertilizer is rich in organic matters and mineral matters which are necessary for the growth of plants; the nutrient elements are converted into a state which is easy to be absorbed by the plants, so that the absorption of the plants on nitrogen is enhanced, the fixation of phosphorus is reduced, the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are deeply embedded into the soil can be protected and stored in the soil, the process that the nutrient elements enter the plants can be accelerated, and the application effect of the inorganic fertilizer is improved; therefore, humic acid is a 'reserve bank' of plant nutrient elements and physiologically active substances, and stimulates the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in soil; the natural disease resistance and insect pest resistance of plants are improved, and the compound microbial agent is used for repairing the pollution of various pesticides and organic matters.
The nutritional agent comprises urea, ammonium carbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sucrose and molasses, and is present in a ratio of 1: 0.4: the composite microbial agent comprises a bacillus amyloliquefaciens microbial agent, a trichoderma microbial agent, a bacillus subtilis microbial agent, a rhodopseudomonas palustris microbial agent, an acinetobacter calcoaceticus microbial agent and a lactococcus lactis microbial agent, wherein the ratio of the composite microbial agent to the deionized water is 1.5:3:2, the composite microbial agent is selected by a technician according to the actual pollution condition on site, and the composite microbial agent is not limited.
The rest of the process was the same as example 1 and will not be described again.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent or modified solutions and modifications within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A cloth net type ecological restoration method aiming at pesticide organic matter polluted soil is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing raw materials, and preparing a microbial preparation capable of repairing various types of stains;
secondly, carrying out surface crushing treatment on the soil to be restored, removing large foreign matters, and uniformly sprinkling water after the surface is leveled;
thirdly, a net distributing device is installed after positioning, the net distributing device is started to distribute a repairing net on soil to be repaired, the net distributing device comprises a fixing ball (1), a soil burying inserting rod (2) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the fixing ball (1), a partition plate (6) is fixedly connected to the inner end of the fixing ball (1), an electric air pump (7) is installed at the left end of the partition plate (6), a top door (4) is installed at the upper end of the fixing ball (1), a liquid outlet hole is formed in the lower end of the fixing ball (1), a flow channel (8) communicated with the liquid outlet hole is formed in the soil burying inserting rod (2), a plurality of liquid releasing holes (3) which are uniformly distributed are formed in the outer end of the soil burying inserting rod (2), the liquid releasing holes (3) are communicated with the flow channel (8), a guide deformation rod (5) is installed at the inner end of the liquid releasing holes (3), and the guide deformation rod (5) is connected with the electric air pump (7) through a, the guide deformation rod (5) comprises an elastic air bag (501), a flow guide fiber layer (502) and a miniature ground breaking cone (503), the flow guide fiber layer (502) is connected with an electric air pump (7) through a bronchus (9), one end, far away from the liquid release hole (3), of the elastic air bag (501) is fixedly connected with the miniature ground breaking cone (503), and the outer end of the elastic air bag (501) is wrapped by the flow guide fiber layer (502);
fourthly, uniformly and fully injecting the microbial preparation prepared in the first step into the soil to be repaired through the repairing net in the third step;
and fifthly, sampling after 24h, detecting the pollution degree of the repaired soil, collecting the net distributing device if the pollution repair reaches the standard, naturally placing for 15-30d, and then recovering to use, and returning to the fourth step if the pollution repair does not reach the standard.
2. The net-type ecological restoration method aiming at the soil polluted by pesticide organic matters as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the microbial preparation comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of nutrient, 15-25 parts of active humic acid and 20-30 parts of compound microbial agent.
3. The net-type ecological restoration method aiming at the soil polluted by pesticide organic matters as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the nutritional agent comprises urea, ammonium carbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sucrose and molasses, and is present in a ratio of 1: 0.2-0.4: sequentially adding deionized water in a ratio of 1.2-1.5:2-3:1.5-2, mixing and stirring.
4. The net-type ecological restoration method aiming at the soil polluted by pesticide organic matters as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the compound microbial agent comprises a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, a trichoderma agent, a bacillus subtilis agent, a rhodopseudomonas palustris agent, an acinetobacter calcoaceticus agent and a lactococcus lactis agent.
5. The net-type ecological restoration method aiming at the soil polluted by pesticide organic matters as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the second step, water is sprayed until the water content of the soil to be repaired is kept between 30 and 50wt percent.
6. The net-type ecological restoration method aiming at the soil polluted by pesticide organic matters as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the number of the liquid releasing holes (3) distributed along the circumference of the soil-burying inserted rod (2) is 4-8, and the distance between two vertically adjacent liquid releasing holes (3) is 20-50 cm.
7. The net-type ecological restoration method aiming at the soil polluted by pesticide organic matters as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: 2-4 net distributing devices are arranged in the soil to be repaired every 10 square meters in the third step, the net distributing devices are kept in a vertical state during installation, and the embedding depth is preferably 5-10cm when the top door (4) is exposed out of the soil to be repaired.
8. The net-type ecological restoration method aiming at the soil polluted by pesticide organic matters as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and planting plants which generate absorption resistance to pesticide organic matters in the restored soil after the fourth step, wherein the plants comprise eichhornia crassipes, small cucurbita pepo, wild cattail and tobacco.
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| CN110711769A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-01-21 | 徐州得铸生物科技有限公司 | Grading heavy metal soil in-situ remediation agent and remediation method thereof |
| CN111530881B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-15 | 深圳市恒得源环保新材料科技有限公司 | Bamboo joint-like plastic soil-buried auxiliary degradation net |
| CN111558614B (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2021-12-07 | 德州迈科生物技术有限公司 | Cultivated land restoration device based on microorganism restoration principle |
| CN112058908B (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2021-11-30 | 西藏盈合工程技术服务有限公司 | But quick degradation environment-friendly soil remediation net |
| CN112474775A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-03-12 | 王书敏 | Soil treatment rod with array distribution |
| CN114733896B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-08-18 | 云南俏铌俏生物技术有限公司 | Root system divergent growth type alkaline soil restoration pile |
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| JP4788105B2 (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2011-10-05 | パナソニック株式会社 | Purification method for contaminated soil |
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