CN110235715A - A kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm - Google Patents
A kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm Download PDFInfo
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- CN110235715A CN110235715A CN201910661708.4A CN201910661708A CN110235715A CN 110235715 A CN110235715 A CN 110235715A CN 201910661708 A CN201910661708 A CN 201910661708A CN 110235715 A CN110235715 A CN 110235715A
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- resistant maize
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of screening techniques of drought-resistant maize germplasm, belong to corn breeding screening technique field；A kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm, comprising the following steps: seed selection, seed dressing, fertilising and ditch, sow, watering, apply spill calcium hypophosphite, observation corn go out fringe rate, harvest and investigation corn yield；Calcium hypophosphite in the present invention is dissolved in water, hydrolysis will occur with the moisture in soil, calcium hypophosphite will be hydrolyzed to hypophosphite ion and calcium ion, hypophosphite ion will be reacted with remaining podolite, generate free phosphonium ion and calcium carbonate, the phosphonium ion to dissociate in soil can effectively be absorbed by corn root, and then it can be improved the growth of corn root, calcium carbonate has water imbibition, the moisture in soil can be absorbed for corn growth, to improve drought resisting and the lodging tolerance of corn.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to corn breeding screening technique field more particularly to a kind of screening techniques of drought-resistant maize germplasm.
Background technique
Corn is grass family Zea annual herb plant, and plant is tall and big, and stem is strong, is important grain work
Object and forage crop, protein rich in, fat, vitamin, microelement, cellulose etc. have exploitation high nutrition, height
The great potential of biological function food.
China's arid and semi-arid land area accounts for about the 47% of national total area, and arid is always to influence the master of crop production
One of disaster is wanted, the drought occurred in various degree every year makes economy especially agricultural production in China's suffer massive losses, in recent years
Come, corn area and the equal rapid growth of total yield, become be China the first generalized grain crop, 50% or more is planted in northwest, west
South, North China and Northeast China region by natural precipitation, water shortage nonirrigated farmland on, some local evaporation capacity are big, and water loss is fast and precipitation
Variability is very big, and corn growth needs Service Efficiency lower to moisture, seriously affects maize production, causes low output, Nian Ji
Between it is unstable, arid be cause China's corn yield fluctuate the main reason for, agricultural water resources shortage and soil depletion have become
Improve the key constraints of corn productivity.
Studies have shown that Maize Drought Tolerance Breeding is the drought resistance for improving kind, reduces the effective way that arid bring is lost,
In terms of drought-resistant maize not drought resisting is mainly manifested in yield, the kind of strong drought resistance can stable, high-yielding, not drought resisting under drought condition
Kind is then the committed step of evaluation and breeding drought-resistant corn new germ plasm, mesh on the contrary, to corn germplasm progress Identification of Drought
Before, less to the research of corn germplasm screening of drought resistance both at home and abroad, there is presently no the ideal drought resistings for corn germplasm
The identification method and screening technique of property, therefore, it is necessary to reinforce the research of this respect.
Simultaneously corn in the prior art in planting process, arid and when encountering high wind, corn will appear large area
Topple over, falling corn setting percentage can reduce, be likely to result in yield reduce, increased costs the case where, and then a kind of drought-resistant maize
The screening technique of germplasm resistant to lodging is particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, and a kind of screening of the drought-resistant maize germplasm proposed
Method.
To achieve the goals above, present invention employs following technical solutions:
A kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm, specifically includes the following steps:
S1, seed selection:
When seed selection choose physically well develop, be full, unabroken high quality seed, and the size difference of every seed be 0.2-
0.5mm；
S2, seed dressing:
It is dressed seed using the mixture of imidacloprid, difenoconazole, alga fertilizer；
S3, fertilising and trench digging:
Precipitation is selected to apply fertilizer for the weather of 0-10mm, after fertilising 4-5 days, trench digging carries out corn planting, kind before planting
Kind of a plant hole is offered in planting ditch；
S4, sowing:
Seed after screening is sowed in kind of plant hole, seed amount is 2-3 in each kind of plant hole；
S5, watering:
It waters after seed plantation, watering in 1-3 days is primary, and each watering time is 1-2h, and watering mode is that sprinkling irrigation formula is poured
Water stops watering after emergence, until harvest；
S6, it applies and spills calcium hypophosphite:
It applies within 8-10 days after emergence and spills calcium hypophosphite, applying the amount of spilling is 35-40Kg/667 ㎡；
S7, observation corn go out fringe rate；
S8, harvest and investigation corn yield.
Preferably, in step S1 seed selection the following steps are included:
A, sieve is crossed；
B, the seed of selection is placed on ventilative filter paper, is placed under the outdoor environment that calm, temperature is 25-28 DEG C and shines
5-8h；
Preferably, each component of mixture is formed by following mass parts in step S2:
Imidacloprid: 0.5-1 parts
Difenoconazole: 1-2 parts
Alga fertilizer: 7-8 parts.
Preferably, the mixture that the fertilizer spilt is urea, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, excrement of animals fermentation material is applied in step S3.
Preferably, each component is formed by following mass parts in fertiliser mixtures:
Urea: 20-30 parts
Phosphate fertilizer: 30-40 parts
Potash fertilizer: 10-15 parts
Excrement of animals fermentation material: 10-15 parts.
Preferably, the depth ditched in step S3 is 3-5cm.
Preferably, when step S4 is sowed, planting density is 4000-5000 plants/667 ㎡.
Preferably, the sieve screen apertures in step A are 4-6 mesh.
Preferably, it when observation corn goes out fringe rate in the step s 7, is observed after selection knot fringe.
Preferably, it when step S6 applies calcium hypophosphite, also applies and spills water-retaining agent, applying the amount of spilling is 10-15Kg/667 ㎡.
Compared with prior art, the present invention provides a kind of screening techniques of drought-resistant maize germplasm, have following beneficial to effect
Fruit:
1, the screening technique of the drought-resistant maize germplasm, by seed selection when choose physically well develop, it is full, unabroken high-quality
Seed, can be improved the germination percentage of corn seed, and then can be improved per mu yield, dresses seed, passes through to seed after sieve kind
Imidacloprid, difenoconazole, alga fertilizer mixture processing is coated to corn seed, the main component of alga fertilizer is seaweed
On the one hand the mixture of slag and N P and K can be improved the anti-corrosion property energy of corn seed, guarantee that seed will not be because of underground humidity ring
Border and rot, the corn seed after another aspect Cotton seeds can shed penetrating odor, can effectively drive away subterranean pest-insect,
It is further ensured that seed is not etched, in fertilising, selects the time fertilising that precipitation is less, can guarantee that corn germplasm screens
Reliability.
2, seed is placed in the kind planting ditch outputed, by every by the screening technique of the drought-resistant maize germplasm at seeding time
Seed amount in a kind of planting ditch is 2-3, and then can guarantee the germination percentage in each kind of planting ditch, is made in each kind of planting ditch
There is the seed that can be sprouted, and then further improves the reliability of germplasm screening, in watering, by watering after planting,
Watering in 3-5 days is primary, and watering time 1-2h stops watering after emergence, until harvest, is constantly in seed after emergence dry
Non-irrigated state, and then the screening effect and screening stability of Drought Resistance Germplasm are improved, after planting, the phosphonium ion in alga fertilizer will
It is reacted with carbon dioxide, the water in soil and generates podolite, the Nitrogen ion in alga fertilizer will be with the hydrogen ion in soil
Reaction production ammonia radical ion.
3, the screening technique of the drought-resistant maize germplasm is applied and spills calcium hypophosphite for 8-10 days after emergence, and applying the amount of spilling is 35-
40Kg/667 ㎡, calcium hypophosphite are dissolved in water, it will hydrolysis occur with the moisture in soil, calcium hypophosphite will be hydrolyzed to secondary
Phosphate anion and calcium ion, hypophosphite ion will reacts with remaining podolite, generate free phosphonium ion with
Calcium carbonate, the phosphonium ion to dissociate in soil can effectively be absorbed by corn root, and then can be improved the growth of corn root, carbonic acid
Calcium has water imbibition, the steam in soil can be absorbed for corn growth, to improve the drought-resistant ability of corn.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely retouched
It states, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
Comparative example 1:
Corn seed is planted in kind of planting ditch by a kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm in plantation, until receiving
It obtains.
Comparative example 2:
A kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm, it is essentially identical with comparative example 1, the difference is that before planting, also plus
Enter the mixture of urea, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, excrement of animals fermentation material.
Comparative example 3:
A kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm, it is essentially identical with comparative example 2, moreover, before planting, also
Dressing is carried out to seed.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm, specifically includes the following steps:
S1, seed selection:
When seed selection choose physically well develop, be full, unabroken high quality seed, and the size difference of every seed be 0.3mm；
S2, seed dressing:
It is dressed seed using the mixture of imidacloprid, difenoconazole, alga fertilizer；
S3, fertilising and trench digging:
It selects precipitation to apply fertilizer for the weather of 5mm, digs out maize seed planting ditch after fertilising 5 days, plant in planting ditch and offer kind
Plant hole；
S4, sowing:
Seed after screening is sowed in kind of plant hole, each kind of plant hole seed amount is 3；
S5, watering:
It waters after seed plantation, watering in 2 days is primary, and each watering time is 1.5h, and mode of watering is that sprinkling irrigation formula is poured
Water stops watering after emergence, until harvest；
S6, it applies and spills calcium hypophosphite:
It applies within 9 days after emergence and spills calcium hypophosphite, applying the amount of spilling is 38Kg/667 ㎡；
S7, observation corn go out fringe rate；
S8, harvest and investigation corn yield.
In step S1 seed selection the following steps are included:
A, sieve is crossed；
B, the seed of selection is placed on ventilative filter paper, is placed under the outdoor environment that calm, temperature is 26 DEG C and shines 6h,
It can be improved the activity of seed by solarization, and then can be improved the germination percentage of seed.
The each component of mixture is formed by following mass parts in step S2:
Imidacloprid: 0.8Kg
Difenoconazole: 1.5Kg
Alga fertilizer: 7.5Kg.
The mixture that the fertilizer spilt is urea, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, excrement of animals fermentation material is applied in step S3.
Each component is formed by following mass parts in fertiliser mixtures:
Urea: 25Kg
Phosphate fertilizer: 38Kg
Potash fertilizer: 12Kg
Excrement of animals fermentation material: 13Kg.
The depth ditched in step S3 is 4cm.
When step S4 is sowed, planting density is 4500 plants/667 ㎡, is 4500 plants/667 ㎡, Neng Goujin by planting density
The lodging tolerance of one step raising corn.
Sieve screen apertures in step A are 5 mesh.
When observation corn goes out fringe rate in the step s 7, observed after selection knot fringe.
It when step S6 applies calcium hypophosphite, also applies and spills water-retaining agent, applying the amount of spilling is 12Kg/667 ㎡, and applying the water-retaining agent spilt is
Polyacrylic acid potassium spills water-retaining agent and can absorb fertilizer, and slowly discharges by applying, and further improves the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer, simultaneously
It is too fast to can effectively ensure that the water distribution in soil is lost, provides water source for corn planting growth.
By chosen in seed selection physically well develop, full, unabroken high quality seed, can be improved the germination of corn seed
Rate, and then can be improved per mu yield, size difference is chosen when passing through seed selection and is the seed of 0.3mm, and then can be convenient for later ratio
Compared with the error that reduction occurs by seed size difference dresses seed to seed after sieve kind, passes through imidacloprid, phenyl ether methyl cyclic
Azoles, alga fertilizer mixture processing is coated to corn seed, can prevent corn root from being corroded by pest using imidacloprid,
Scab, anthrachose of grape, white rot, spot defoliation, powdery mildew, brown spot, rust, item can be effectively prevented using difenoconazole
The diseases such as rust, head blight, the main component of alga fertilizer are the mixtures of seaweed slag and N P and K, on the one hand can be improved corn
The anti-corrosion property energy of seed guarantees that seed will not rot because of underground wet environment, the corn seed after another aspect Cotton seeds
Can shed penetrating odor, can effectively drive away subterranean pest-insect, be further ensured that seed is not etched, in fertilising, selection
The less time fertilising of precipitation, can guarantee the reliability of corn germplasm screening.
At seeding time, seed is placed in the kind plant hole dug out, is 3 by the seed amount in each kind of plant hole,
And then can guarantee the germination percentage in each kind of plant hole, make have the seed that can be sprouted in each kind of plant hole, and then further
The reliability for improving germplasm screening, in watering, by watering after planting, watering in 4 days is primary, watering time 1.5h,
Stop watering after emergence, until harvest, makes seed be constantly in drought status after emergence, and then improve the sieve of Drought Resistance Germplasm
Effect and screening stability are selected, after planting, the phosphonium ion in alga fertilizer will react generation with carbon dioxide, the water in soil
Podolite, the Nitrogen ion in alga fertilizer will react production ammonia radical ion with the hydrogen ion in soil, the ammonia root of generation from
Son can be more convenient for root system absorption, and then be more advantageous to the growth of root system.
It applies within 8 days after emergence and spills calcium hypophosphite, and applying the amount of spilling is 38Kg/667 ㎡, calcium hypophosphite is dissolved in water, it will with soil
Hydrolysis occurs for the moisture in earth, and calcium hypophosphite will be hydrolyzed to hypophosphite ion and calcium ion, and hypophosphite ion will
It can be reacted with remaining podolite, generate free phosphonium ion and calcium carbonate, the phosphonium ion to dissociate in soil can be effective
Absorbed by corn root, and then can be improved the growth of corn root, the growth of maize root system can make root system toward the soil of deeper
It pricks and takes in earth, on the one hand can improve the performance that draws water of maize root system, improve the drought resistance of corn, another aspect root system is pricked in soil deeply
In earth, the stability of corn stem can be improved, make corn when encountering high wind weather, will not be easy for being blown down, into one
Step improves the lodging tolerance of corn stem, and calcium carbonate has water imbibition, can absorb steam in soil for corn growth,
To improve the drought-resistant ability of corn.
Experimental test is carried out to the screening technique of above-mentioned comparative example 1-3 and embodiment 1, test result is as follows table 1:
| Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Embodiment 1 | |
| Germination percentage (a/cave) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Mu survival volume (plant/acre) | 3659 | 3900 | 4025 | 4366 |
| Lodge area (㎡) | 37 | 16 | 13 | 3 |
| It ties fringe amount (a/strain) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Per mu yield (Kg/ mus) | 501 | 637 | 692 | 803 |
Table 1
In conclusion can be derived that in conjunction with table 1 and embodiment, in drought-resistant maize germplasm screening, choosing germination percentage is more than
50%, knot fringe amount is 2, and area is small for lodging, the higher corn germplasm of mu survival volume.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm, which is characterized in that specifically includes the following steps:
S1, seed selection:
When seed selection choose physically well develop, be full, unabroken high quality seed, and the size difference of every seed be 0.2-0.5mm；
S2, seed dressing:
It is dressed seed using the mixture of imidacloprid, difenoconazole, alga fertilizer；
S3, fertilising and trench digging:
Precipitation is selected to apply fertilizer for the weather of 0-10mm, after fertilising 4-5 days, trench digging carries out corn planting before planting, and plants planting ditch
Inside it is provided with kind of a plant hole；
S4, sowing:
Seed after screening is sowed in kind of plant hole, each kind of plant hole seed amount is 2-3；
S5, watering:
It waters after seed plantation, watering in 1-3 days is primary, and each watering time is 1-2h, and watering mode is the watering of sprinkling irrigation formula,
Stop watering after emergence, until harvest；
S6, it applies and spills calcium hypophosphite:
It applies within 8-10 days after emergence and spills calcium hypophosphite, applying the amount of spilling is 35-40Kg/667 ㎡；
S7, observation corn go out fringe rate；
S8, harvest and investigation corn yield.
2. a kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that packet of choosing seeds in step S1
Include following steps:
A, sieve is crossed；
B, the seed of selection is placed on ventilative filter paper, is placed under the outdoor environment that calm, temperature is 25-28 DEG C and shines 5-
8h。
3. a kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that mixture in step S2
Each component by following mass parts form:
Imidacloprid: 0.5-1 parts
Difenoconazole: 1-2 parts
Alga fertilizer: 7-8 parts.
4. a kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that apply and spill in step S3
Fertilizer is the mixture of urea, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, excrement of animals fermentation material.
5. a kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm according to claim 4, which is characterized in that each in fertiliser mixtures
Component is formed by following mass parts:
Urea: 20-30 parts
Phosphate fertilizer: 30-40 parts
Potash fertilizer: 10-15 parts
Excrement of animals fermentation material: 10-15 parts.
6. a kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that ditch in step S3
Depth is 3-5cm.
7. a kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when step S4 is sowed,
Planting density is 4000-5000 plants/667 ㎡.
8. a kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the sieve in step A
Hole is 4-6 mesh.
9. a kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that observe in the step s 7
When corn goes out fringe rate, observed after selection knot fringe.
10. a kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that apply in step S6
It when calcium hypophosphite, also applies and spills water-retaining agent, applying the amount of spilling is 10-15Kg/667 ㎡.
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| CN201910661708.4A CN110235715A (en) | 2019-07-22 | 2019-07-22 | A kind of screening technique of drought-resistant maize germplasm |
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2019
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| JP2008273774A (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2008-11-13 | Otsuka Chemical Co Ltd | Fertilizer and cultivating method |
| WO2012058102A1 (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-03 | Miller Chemical & Fertilizer Corporation | Soluble calcium fertilizer formulation |
| CN106818101A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-06-13 | 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of method for identifying drought resistance of maize |
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| HONGYU CAO 等: "(Solid + liquid) phase equilibria of (Ca(H2PO2)2 + CaCl2 + H2O) and (Ca(H2PO2)2 + NaH2PO2 + H2O) ternary systems at T = 323.15 K", 《THE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS》 * |
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Application publication date: 20190917 |