CN110229629A - 一种多层共挤出法连续制备tpo合成革的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种多层共挤出法连续制备TPO合成革的方法，包括TPO基材、TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层材料、TPO基材下表面的泡沫层材料。通过制备TPO基材、TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层材料、TPO基材下表面的泡沫层材料，再将上述各挤入层的熔融胶状物通过同一模头挤出，经常规三辊压光、冷却、牵引、收卷，即得到多层共挤出法连续制备TPO合成革。采用该方法制备的TPO合成革，复合薄膜柔软，手感舒适，因层与层之间无需使用粘合剂，所以不存在残留溶剂问题，薄膜无异味，适用于食品和医疗器具等的包装。同时，多层薄膜一次挤出成型，其工艺简单，节省能源，生产效率高，且成本低，具有较好的推广应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于TPO合成革的制备领域，具体涉及一种多层TPO合成革及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会生产技术的提高，在工业上加工多层TPO合成革时，采用原有的传统的方法如：粘结法，热压法等已经不能够满足人们日常生活的需要，因此需要用共挤出的方法对原料进行加工，多层共挤出复合是采用数台挤出机同种或异种树脂同时挤入一个复合模头中，各层树脂在模头内或外汇合形成一体，挤出复合后经冷却定型即成为复合薄膜。共挤出复合的主要特点是：多层薄膜一次挤出成型，其工艺简单，节省能源，生产效率高，且成本低；复合薄膜柔软，手感舒适；因层与层之间无需使用粘合剂，所以不存在残留溶剂问题，薄膜无异味，适用于食品和医疗器具等的包装。TPO材料作为一种绿色、经济、环保的材料，具有保温、隔热等特点，在建筑装修领域获得了广泛的应用，尤其是在室内隔墙、顶墙的表层装修领域，随着TPO的需求越来越大，必然少不了对原有生产产业的改进，因此就采用共挤出的方法，能够很大程度地加快TPO合成革的生产进度。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是：针对现有技术的不足，提供一种多层TPO合成革及其制备方法，无需采用原有的粘结法、热压法就可以将多层原料进行加工，制成多层TPO合成革，同时可以减少层间胶黏剂的使用，各层之间结合也更好，合成革具有更好的力学性能。同时采用共挤出的方法，制造成本降低。
为解决技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革及其制备方法，所得多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革的低成本、阻燃性、抗拉升性能好、加工方式简单、推广使用。本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：一种多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革，包括TPO基材、TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层材料、TPO基材下表面的泡沫层材料。所述多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革的总厚度为1—3mm；TPO基材的总厚度占多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革总厚度的50-80％，TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层材料度占多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革总厚度的5-10％，TPO基材下表面的泡沫层材料占多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革总厚度的30-50％。所述TPO基材由以下质量百分比原料组成：嵌段共聚聚丙烯40-60份，聚烯烃弹性体10-20份，聚乙烯20-30份、光稳定剂0.03-1份、颜料8-10份光稳定剂0.1-0.5，耐磨剂5-20份，颜料5-10份。所述的多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革，PO基材下表面的泡沫层材料为PS或者PP。所述光稳定剂可以为水杨酸脂类、二苯甲酮类、苯并三唑类、三嗪类、取代丙烯晴类、草酰胺类、有机镍化合物类、受阻胺类。本发明的另一根目的在于提供一种多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革的制备方法，经过下列各个步骤：
(1)制备TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层，将TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层材料熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第一层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(2)制备TPO基材层，按下述质量百分比的原料：嵌段共聚聚丙烯40-60份，聚烯烃弹性体10-20份，聚乙烯20-30份、光稳定剂0.03-1份、颜料8-10份光稳定剂0.1-0.5份，耐磨剂5-20份，颜料5-10份熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第二层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(3)制备TPO基材下表面的泡沫层：将PP或者PS熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第三层的挤入层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(4)将上述各挤入层的熔融胶状物通过同一模头挤出，经常规三辊压光、冷却、牵引、收卷，即得到多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革
(5)背涂：在TPO基材下表面的泡沫层涂覆一层聚烯烃胶黏剂，烘干，冷却，即制得TPO合成革。
相比现有的技术，本发明具有以下有益效果：本发明采用熔融共挤出复合工艺，将不同层的原料分别熔融挤出计量，通过各自的流道在同一个模头汇合，再经冷却成型复合在一起。通过配方优化组合，各层充分发挥各层的功能，显著地提高了TPO复合革的各种力学性能，优化了原有TPO复合革的生产工艺，在加快了生产效率的同时，降低了生产成本。采用该方法生产的多层熔融TPO复合革，可广泛应用于食品和医疗器具，尤其是在室内隔墙、顶墙的表层装修领域需求越来越大。本发明将不同功能的聚合物母粒在熔融状态通过三台挤出机挤出计量后汇集到同一模头挤出发泡，即将不同功能的聚合物母粒经熔融塑化经计量泵计量后挤入同一模头的各层流道中挤出，得到多层叠加熔融状挤出物，通过激冷辊得到膜片，再经压光、冷却、冷却、电晕、收卷即可到一种多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革。采用该方法制备的TPO合成革，生产成本低，工艺流程更短，投资更省，具有高效、高成品率的优点，可满足工业化生产需求。
附图说明
图1为一种三层共挤出法连续制备TPO合成革的侧面图
图中：1-耐刮涂层材料；2-TPO基材；3-泡沫层材料
具体实施方式
实例一：
(1)制备TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层，将TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层材料熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第一层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(2)制备TPO基材层，按下述质量百分比的原料：嵌段共聚聚丙烯40份，聚烯烃弹性体10份，聚乙烯30份、光稳定剂1份、颜料10份光稳定剂0.5份，耐磨剂20份，颜料10份熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第二层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(3)制备TPO基材下表面的泡沫层：将PP或者PS熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第三层的挤入层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(4)将上述各挤入层的熔融胶状物通过同一模头挤出，经常规三辊压光、冷却、牵引、收卷，即得到多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革
(5)背涂：在TPO基材下表面的泡沫层涂覆一层聚烯烃胶黏剂，烘干，冷却，即制得TPO合成革。
实例二：
(1)制备TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层，将TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层材料熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第一层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(2)制备TPO基材层，按下述质量百分比的原料：嵌段共聚聚丙烯50份，聚烯烃弹性体15份，聚乙烯25份、光稳定剂0.5份、颜料9份光稳定剂0.3份，耐磨剂10份，颜料7份熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第二层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(3)制备TPO基材下表面的泡沫层：将PP或者PS熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第三层的挤入层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(4)将上述各挤入层的熔融胶状物通过同一模头挤出，经常规三辊压光、冷却、牵引、收卷，即得到多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革
(5)背涂：在TPO基材下表面的泡沫层涂覆一层聚烯烃胶黏剂，烘干，冷却，即制得TPO合成革。
实例三：
(1)制备TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层，将TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层材料熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第一层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(2)制备TPO基材层，按下述质量百分比的原料：嵌段共聚聚丙烯60份，聚烯烃弹性体20份，聚乙烯20份、光稳定剂0.1份、颜料8份光稳定剂0.2份，耐磨剂5份，颜料5份熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第二层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(3)制备TPO基材下表面的泡沫层：将PP或者PS熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第三层的挤入层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(4)将上述各挤入层的熔融胶状物通过同一模头挤出，经常规三辊压光、冷却、牵引、收卷，即得到多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革
(5)背涂：在TPO基材下表面的泡沫层涂覆一层聚烯烃胶黏剂，烘干，冷却，即制得TPO合成革。
Claims (10)
1.一种多层共挤出法连续制备TPO合成革的方法，其特征是，包括：TPO基材、TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层材料、TPO基材下表面的泡沫层材料。将所述多层材料进行共挤出、背涂，得到多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革，其特征在于，多层材料层数可以为2-7层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革，其特征在于总厚度为1mm-3mm；TPO基材的总厚度占多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革总厚度的50-80％，TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层材料度占多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革总厚度的5-10％，TPO基材下表面的泡沫层材料占多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革总厚度的30-50％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革，其特征在于：所述TPO基材由以下、原料组成：嵌段共聚聚丙烯，聚烯烃弹性体，聚乙烯、光稳定剂、颜料、光稳定剂，耐磨剂，颜料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革，其特征在于：所述TPO基材由以下质量百分比原料组成：嵌段共聚聚丙烯40-60份，聚烯烃弹性体10-20份，聚乙烯20-30份、光稳定剂0.03-1份、颜料8-10份、光稳定剂0.1-0.5，耐磨剂5-20份，颜料5-10份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革，其特征在于：TPO基材下表面的泡沫层材料为PS或者PP。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革，其特征在于：共挤出的方式为将所述多层材料各挤入层的熔融胶状物通过同一模头挤出，经常规三辊压光、冷却、牵引、收卷、背涂，即得到多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革。
8.根据权利要求4所述的TPO合成革，其特征在于，所述光稳定剂可以为水杨酸脂类、二苯甲酮类、苯并三唑类、三嗪类、取代丙烯晴类、草酰胺类、有机镍化合物类、受阻胺类。
9.一种多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革的制备方法，其特征在于经过下列各步骤：
(1)制备TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层，将TPO基材上表面的耐刮涂层材料熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第一层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(2)制备TPO基材层，按下述质量百分比的原料：嵌段共聚聚丙烯40-60份，聚烯烃弹性体10-20份，聚乙烯20-30份、光稳定剂0.03-1份、颜料8-10份、光稳定剂0.1-0.5份，耐磨剂5-20份，颜料5-10份熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第二层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(3)制备TPO基材下表面的泡沫层：将PP或者PS熔融挤出，切粒后得母粒，将母粒通过挤出机熔融挤出后，计量分配至第三层的挤入层，挤出机的机身温度：120℃～150℃；螺杆转速控制在20～50r/min；
(4)将上述各挤入层的熔融胶状物通过同一模头挤出，经常规三辊压光、冷却、牵引、收卷，即得到多层熔融共挤出TPO合成革
(5)背涂：在TPO基材下表面的泡沫层涂覆一层聚烯烃胶黏剂，烘干，冷却，即制得TPO合成革。
10.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(5)冷却温度控制在：30℃～45℃，模头各段温度控制在120℃～150℃。
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