CN110221131B - A terahertz compact field test system based on electronically scanned antenna - Google Patents
A terahertz compact field test system based on electronically scanned antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明工业检测、科学实验、测试计量等领域,特别是涉及一种基于电扫天线的太赫兹紧缩场测试系统。The present invention relates to the fields of industrial detection, scientific experiments, testing and measurement, and in particular to a terahertz compact field testing system based on an electrically scanned antenna.
背景技术Background Art
通信、雷达、导航、遥感、广播、电视等无线电技术设备,都是通过无线电波来传递信息的,都需要有无线电波的辐射和接收。在无线电技术设备中,用来辐射和接收电磁波的装置称为天线。天线是无线电信息传播系统中必不可少的重要组成部分,使用矢量网络分析仪及矢量网络扩展模块可以对微波到太赫兹天线的方向图等核心参数进行测试,从而获得天线的主要性能参数指标。Radio technology equipment such as communication, radar, navigation, remote sensing, broadcasting, and television all transmit information through radio waves and require the radiation and reception of radio waves. In radio technology equipment, the device used to radiate and receive electromagnetic waves is called an antenna. Antennas are an indispensable and important part of radio information transmission systems. Using vector network analyzers and vector network extension modules, core parameters such as the directivity diagram of microwave to terahertz antennas can be tested to obtain the main performance parameter indicators of antennas.
获取天线参数指标目前主要有远场法,近场法和紧缩场法。远场法耗资巨大、用时数月常常需要在数十公里距离进行测试,近场法需要近场数据转换为远场数据有一定误差。There are currently three main methods for obtaining antenna parameter indicators: far-field method, near-field method and compact field method. The far-field method is very expensive, takes several months and often requires testing at a distance of tens of kilometers. The near-field method requires converting near-field data into far-field data, which has a certain error.
紧缩场测量系统是一种天线测量系统,可以在近距离内提供一个性能优良的准平面波测试区。过去它采用精密的反射面或者全息光栅,将馈源产生的球面波在近距离内变换为平面波,从而满足远场测试要求。紧缩场测量系统就是在较小的微波暗室里模拟远场的平面波电磁环境,利用常规的远场测试设备和方法,进行多项测量和研究,如天线方向图测量、增益比较、雷达散射截面测量、成像等。The compact field measurement system is an antenna measurement system that can provide a quasi-plane wave test area with excellent performance at close range. In the past, it used precise reflective surfaces or holographic gratings to transform the spherical waves generated by the feed source into plane waves at close range, thus meeting the far-field test requirements. The compact field measurement system simulates the far-field plane wave electromagnetic environment in a smaller microwave darkroom, and uses conventional far-field test equipment and methods to perform multiple measurements and studies, such as antenna pattern measurement, gain comparison, radar cross-section measurement, imaging, etc.
传统的紧缩场测量系统普遍采用反射面或者全息光栅将球面波在近距离内变换为平面波,随着工作频率的上升紧缩场测量系统面临很多挑战:Traditional compact field measurement systems generally use reflective surfaces or holographic gratings to transform spherical waves into plane waves at close range. As the operating frequency increases, compact field measurement systems face many challenges:
在太赫兹频段紧缩场系统要求反射面加工精度更高(精度<5um)同时要求反射面足够大以保证充足的静区面积,传统机械加工方式已经无法满足高精度大尺寸的反射面加工要求,同时加工成本也越来越高。In the terahertz frequency band, the compact field system requires higher processing accuracy of the reflective surface (accuracy <5um) and that the reflective surface is large enough to ensure sufficient quiet area. Traditional mechanical processing methods can no longer meet the requirements of high-precision and large-size reflective surface processing, and the processing cost is also increasing.
传统紧缩场系统设计复杂、占地面积大、反射面安装调试费时费力、总体使用成本高。Traditional compact field systems are complex in design, occupy a large area, require time-consuming and labor-intensive installation and debugging of reflective surfaces, and have high overall operating costs.
传统紧缩场系统采用机械转台转向功能实现目标的多角度扫描,传统的机械转台受限于机械物理运动特点,速度慢、体积大。无法模拟5G/6G通讯中多种应用场景,也无法提供快速便捷的紧缩场测试功能。Traditional compact field systems use mechanical turntable steering functions to achieve multi-angle scanning of targets. Traditional mechanical turntables are limited by the characteristics of mechanical physical movement, and are slow and large in size. They cannot simulate a variety of application scenarios in 5G/6G communications, nor can they provide fast and convenient compact field testing functions.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明主要解决的技术问题是如何提供一种可获得待测目标的雷达反射截面或者待测天线的远场方向图数据的太赫兹紧缩场测试系统。The main technical problem solved by the present invention is how to provide a terahertz compact field test system which can obtain the radar reflection cross section of a target to be tested or the far-field radiation pattern data of an antenna to be tested.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:提供一种基于电扫天线的太赫兹紧缩场测试系统,包括:暗室、待测目标、固定装置、矢量网络分析仪、太赫兹矢网扩展模块和计算机。所述的暗室为太赫兹暗室且具备内部空间,所述待测目标、固定装置均位于暗室内部,所述的待测目标位于固定装置的顶平面上方。In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a terahertz compact field test system based on an electronically scanned antenna, comprising: a darkroom, a target to be measured, a fixture, a vector network analyzer, a terahertz vector network expansion module and a computer. The darkroom is a terahertz darkroom and has an internal space, the target to be measured and the fixture are both located inside the darkroom, and the target to be measured is located above the top plane of the fixture.
所述的计算机之间电性连接,所述的计算机还与矢量网络分析仪、太赫兹矢网扩展模块之间依次顺序连接。The computers are electrically connected to each other, and are also connected to the vector network analyzer and the terahertz vector network expansion module in sequence.
所述的基于电扫天线的太赫兹紧缩场测试系统还包含有电扫天线和馈电模块,所述的电扫天线、馈电模块均位于暗室的内部,所述的电扫天线与太赫兹矢网扩展模块之间通过馈电模块控制连接。The terahertz compact field test system based on the electrically scanned antenna also includes an electrically scanned antenna and a feeding module. The electrically scanned antenna and the feeding module are both located inside the darkroom. The electrically scanned antenna and the terahertz vector network expansion module are controlled and connected via the feeding module.
其中,所述的矢量网络分析仪发出毫米波信号后,经太赫兹矢网扩展模块放大倍频到太赫兹频段,得到太赫兹信号,所述的太赫兹信号通过电扫天线后转换为自由空间平面波;自由空间平面波照射到待测目标,经待测目标反射后再原路返回到电扫天线,电扫天线接收后还原为电流信号,电流信号经太赫兹矢网扩展模块下变频为毫米波信号,毫米波信号返回矢量网络分析仪,矢量网络分析仪计算参数并存储于计算机。Among them, after the vector network analyzer sends out a millimeter wave signal, it is amplified and frequency-multiplied to the terahertz frequency band by a terahertz vector network extension module to obtain a terahertz signal, and the terahertz signal is converted into a free space plane wave after passing through an electrically scanned antenna; the free space plane wave irradiates the target to be measured, and after being reflected by the target to be measured, it returns to the electrically scanned antenna along the original path, and after being received by the electrically scanned antenna, it is restored to a current signal, and the current signal is down-converted into a millimeter wave signal by the terahertz vector network extension module, and the millimeter wave signal returns to the vector network analyzer, and the vector network analyzer calculates parameters and stores them in a computer.
可选的,电扫天线为有源电扫天线。所述的有源电扫天线设置为相控阵天线或超材料电扫天线。Optionally, the electronically scanned antenna is an active electronically scanned antenna, which is configured as a phased array antenna or a metamaterial electronically scanned antenna.
可选的,所述的相控阵天线包含有若干天线元件,所述的天线元件排列成天线阵面。Optionally, the phased array antenna includes a plurality of antenna elements, and the antenna elements are arranged to form an antenna array plane.
可选的,所述的天线元件包括射频信号模块、移相器和放大器,所述的射频信号模块、移相器和放大器之间依次控制连接。Optionally, the antenna element includes a radio frequency signal module, a phase shifter and an amplifier, and the radio frequency signal module, the phase shifter and the amplifier are controlled and connected in sequence.
可选的,超材料电扫天线包含有若干超材料单元,所述的超材料单元形成超材料扫描阵列。Optionally, the metamaterial electronically scanned antenna includes a plurality of metamaterial units, and the metamaterial units form a metamaterial scanning array.
可选的,所述的每个超材料单元中包含有变容二极管或者MEMS开关。Optionally, each metamaterial unit includes a varactor diode or a MEMS switch.
可选的,矢量网络分析仪由信号源和频谱分析仪替代。Optionally, the vector network analyzer is replaced by a signal source and a spectrum analyzer.
可选的,太赫兹暗室中设置相应工作频段的吸波材料。Optionally, absorbing materials of corresponding working frequency band are arranged in the terahertz darkroom.
本发明的有益效果是:一种小型化、快速便捷、低成本太赫兹紧缩场可获得待测目标的雷达反射截面或者待测天线的远场方向图数据,采用了全新的有源电扫天线取代原有的发射面或全息光栅,降低了系统成本、减少了使用空间同时提供小型化紧缩场快速测试的能力。The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a miniaturized, fast, convenient, low-cost terahertz compact field can obtain the radar reflection cross section of the target to be tested or the far-field radiation pattern data of the antenna to be tested, and a new active electronically scanned antenna is used to replace the original emitting surface or holographic grating, which reduces the system cost and the usage space while providing the ability of fast testing in a miniaturized compact field.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图,其中:In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work, among which:
图1是现有技术中传统反射面紧缩场测试系统一具体实施例的原理图;FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of a conventional reflective surface compact field test system in the prior art;
图2是本发明基于电扫天线的太赫兹紧缩场测试系统中一具体实施例的原理图;FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of a terahertz compact field test system based on an electronically scanned antenna according to the present invention;
图3是本发明基于电扫天线的太赫兹紧缩场测试系统中一具体实施例的相控阵电扫天线原理图;3 is a schematic diagram of a phased array electronically scanned antenna in a specific embodiment of a terahertz compact field test system based on an electronically scanned antenna according to the present invention;
图4是本发明基于电扫天线的太赫兹紧缩场测试系统中一具体实施例的超材料电扫天线原理图;FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a metamaterial electrically scanned antenna in a terahertz compact field test system based on an electrically scanned antenna according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;
其中,图中的附图标记和部件名称之间的对应关系如下:1、暗室;2、待测目标;3、电扫天线;31、天线元件;311、射频信号模块;312、移相器;313、放大器;32、超材料单元;4、馈电模块;5、太赫兹矢网扩展模块;6、矢量网络分析仪; 7、计算机;8、固定装置。Among them, the correspondence between the reference numerals and component names in the figure is as follows: 1. darkroom; 2. target to be measured; 3. electronically scanned antenna; 31. antenna element; 311. radio frequency signal module; 312. phase shifter; 313. amplifier; 32. metamaterial unit; 4. feeding module; 5. terahertz vector network extension module; 6. vector network analyzer; 7. computer; 8. fixture.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
请参阅附图,在本发明的一个具体实施例中提供一种基于电扫天线的太赫兹紧缩场测试系统,包括:暗室1、待测目标2、固定装置8、矢量网络分析仪6、太赫兹矢网扩展模块5和计算机8。其中,所述的暗室1为太赫兹暗室且具备内部空间,所述待测目标2、固定装置8均位于暗室1的内部,所述的待测目标2位于固定装置8的顶平面上方,所述的固定装置8用于支撑与固定待测目标2。在实施过程中,太赫兹暗室中设置有相应工作频段的吸波材料。待测目标2也可具体需要配置转台或者机械臂以实现1,2,3维转向。Please refer to the accompanying drawings. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a terahertz compact field test system based on an electronically scanned antenna is provided, comprising: a darkroom 1, a target 2 to be measured, a fixture 8, a vector network analyzer 6, a terahertz vector network expansion module 5 and a computer 8. The darkroom 1 is a terahertz darkroom and has an internal space. The target 2 to be measured and the fixture 8 are both located inside the darkroom 1. The target 2 to be measured is located above the top plane of the fixture 8. The fixture 8 is used to support and fix the target 2 to be measured. During the implementation process, absorbing materials of the corresponding working frequency band are arranged in the terahertz darkroom. The target 2 to be measured may also need to be specifically configured with a turntable or a robotic arm to achieve 1, 2, or 3-dimensional steering.
在实施过程中,所述的矢量网络分析仪6能够发出毫米波信号,计算机7、矢量网络分析仪6、太赫兹矢网扩展模块5均位于暗室1的外部。计算机7之间电性连接。所述的计算机7还与矢量网络分析仪6、太赫兹矢网扩展模块5之间依次顺序连接。During the implementation process, the vector network analyzer 6 can emit millimeter wave signals, and the computer 7, the vector network analyzer 6, and the terahertz vector network extension module 5 are all located outside the darkroom 1. The computer 7 is electrically connected to each other. The computer 7 is also connected to the vector network analyzer 6 and the terahertz vector network extension module 5 in sequence.
在本发明中,所述的基于电扫天线的太赫兹紧缩场测试系统还包含有电扫天线3和馈电模块4,所述的电扫天线3、馈电模块4均位于暗室1的内部,所述的电扫天线3与太赫兹矢网扩展模块5之间通过馈电模块4控制连接。In the present invention, the terahertz compact field test system based on the electronically scanned antenna also includes an electronically scanned antenna 3 and a feeding module 4. The electronically scanned antenna 3 and the feeding module 4 are both located inside the darkroom 1. The electronically scanned antenna 3 and the terahertz vector network expansion module 5 are controlled and connected via the feeding module 4.
其中,在具体的实施过程中,所述的矢量网络分析仪6发出毫米波信号后,经太赫兹矢网扩展模块5放大倍频到太赫兹频段,得到太赫兹信号,所述的太赫兹信号通过电扫天线3后转换为自由空间平面波;自由空间平面波照射到待测目标2,经待测目标2反射后再原路返回到电扫天线3,电扫天线3接收后还原为电流信号,电流信号经太赫兹矢网扩展模块5下变频为毫米波信号,毫米波信号返回矢量网络分析仪6,矢量网络分析仪6计算参数并存储于计算机7。此后,计算机7控制电扫天线波束转向下一位置,重复上述动作,便可获得待测目标的雷达反射截面或者待测天线的远场方向图数据。Among them, in the specific implementation process, after the vector network analyzer 6 sends out a millimeter wave signal, it is amplified and frequency-multiplied to the terahertz frequency band by the terahertz vector network extension module 5 to obtain a terahertz signal, and the terahertz signal is converted into a free space plane wave after passing through the electronic scanning antenna 3; the free space plane wave irradiates the target 2 to be measured, and after being reflected by the target 2 to be measured, it returns to the electronic scanning antenna 3 along the original path, and the electronic scanning antenna 3 receives it and restores it to a current signal, and the current signal is down-converted into a millimeter wave signal by the terahertz vector network extension module 5, and the millimeter wave signal returns to the vector network analyzer 6, and the vector network analyzer 6 calculates the parameters and stores them in the computer 7. Thereafter, the computer 7 controls the electronic scanning antenna beam to turn to the next position, and repeats the above actions to obtain the radar reflection cross section of the target to be measured or the far-field pattern data of the antenna to be measured.
在一个具体的实施例中,电扫天线3为有源电扫天线;所述的有源电扫天线设置为相控阵天线或超材料电扫天线。In a specific embodiment, the electronically-steered antenna 3 is an active electronically-steered antenna; the active electronically-steered antenna is configured as a phased array antenna or a metamaterial electronically-steered antenna.
进一步的,所述的相控阵天线包含有若干天线元件31,所述的天线元件31排列成天线阵面。Furthermore, the phased array antenna includes a plurality of antenna elements 31, and the antenna elements 31 are arranged to form an antenna array plane.
在一个具体的实施过程中,所述的天线元件31包括射频信号模块311、移相器312和放大器313,所述的射频信号模块311、移相器312和放大器313之间依次控制连接。In a specific implementation process, the antenna element 31 includes a radio frequency signal module 311, a phase shifter 312 and an amplifier 313, and the radio frequency signal module 311, the phase shifter 312 and the amplifier 313 are controlled and connected in sequence.
相控阵电扫天线主要是利用大量小型天线元件排列成天线阵面,每个天线单元都由独立的开关控制,基于惠更斯原理通过控制各天线元件发射的相位差,能合成不同指向的主波束。技术成熟,根据不同结构分为无源相控阵和有源相控阵。Phased array electronically scanned antennas mainly use a large number of small antenna elements arranged into an antenna array. Each antenna unit is controlled by an independent switch. Based on the Huygens principle, by controlling the phase difference of each antenna element, it can synthesize main beams with different directions. The technology is mature and can be divided into passive phased array and active phased array according to different structures.
其中,在另外一个具体实施过程中,所述的超材料电扫天线包含有若干超材料单元32,所述的超材料单元32形成超材料扫描阵列。其中,所述的每个超材料单元32中包含有变容二极管或者MEMS开关。In another specific implementation process, the metamaterial electronically scanned antenna includes a plurality of metamaterial units 32, and the metamaterial units 32 form a metamaterial scanning array. Each metamaterial unit 32 includes a varactor diode or a MEMS switch.
超材料电扫天线主要是利用超材料可以构成名为漏波天线的新型天线。当电磁波沿着行波结构传播时,电磁波会沿着行波结构不断向外辐射漏波,这种产生漏波的结构就是漏波天线。利用超材料制造的漏波天线有“背射-端射”频率扫描特征,可以拓宽天线的扫描角度到-90°到+90°。如果将变容二极管引入超材料单元结构中可以实现180°范围内的扫描。The metamaterial electrically scanned antenna mainly uses metamaterials to form a new type of antenna called a leaky wave antenna. When electromagnetic waves propagate along the traveling wave structure, the electromagnetic waves will continuously radiate leaky waves outward along the traveling wave structure. This structure that generates leaky waves is a leaky wave antenna. The leaky wave antenna made of metamaterials has a "backfire-endfire" frequency scanning feature, which can widen the antenna's scanning angle to -90° to +90°. If a varactor diode is introduced into the metamaterial unit structure, scanning within a range of 180° can be achieved.
在一个优选的实施例中,所述太赫兹标准天线和待测天线也可以是毫米波天线,所述矢量网络分析仪可以根据工作频率需要独立工作或者配合矢量网络扩展模块工作,在一个优选的实施例中,矢量网络分析仪6由信号源和频谱分析仪替代,所述的矢量网络分析仪6换成频谱分析仪和信号源配合使用。In a preferred embodiment, the terahertz standard antenna and the antenna to be tested may also be millimeter wave antennas. The vector network analyzer may work independently or in conjunction with a vector network extension module according to the operating frequency requirements. In a preferred embodiment, the vector network analyzer 6 is replaced by a signal source and a spectrum analyzer, and the vector network analyzer 6 is replaced by a spectrum analyzer and a signal source for use in conjunction with each other.
因此,本发明具有以下优点:一种小型化、快速便捷、低成本太赫兹紧缩场可获得待测目标的雷达反射截面或者待测天线的远场方向图数据,采用了全新的有源电扫天线取代原有的发射面或全息光栅,降低了系统成本、减少了使用空间同时提供小型化紧缩场快速测试的能力。Therefore, the present invention has the following advantages: a miniaturized, fast, convenient, low-cost terahertz compact field can obtain the radar reflection cross section of the target to be tested or the far-field radiation pattern data of the antenna to be tested, and adopts a new active electronically scanned antenna to replace the original emitting surface or holographic grating, which reduces the system cost and the usage space while providing the ability of fast testing in a miniaturized compact field.
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
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