CN115542268A - Large-aperture phased array antenna block testing method and system - Google Patents
Large-aperture phased array antenna block testing method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a block testing method and a block testing system for a large-aperture phased array antenna. According to the method, the original large antenna is divided into a plurality of sub-arrays, the sub-array antenna is tested in a darkroom every time, and finally, the data of the block test is scientifically and effectively subjected to numerical synthesis calculation, so that the synthesis of the radiation pattern of the whole large-aperture antenna can be completed. The method solves the contradiction between the limited space of a darkroom and the requirement of the large caliber of the antenna to be tested, and greatly improves the efficiency and the precision of the test of the array surface of the large antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antenna testing, and particularly relates to a block testing method and a block testing system for a large-aperture phased array antenna.
Background
In recent years, satellite-borne radar systems based on satellite platforms are rapidly developing. With the characteristics of high maneuverability, wide coverage range and all-weather operation of a satellite platform, the satellite radar is widely applied to the fields of global surveying and mapping, space communication, satellite-ground interconnection and the like. The phased array antenna is used as a core component of a radar system and mainly used for converting radio frequency signals into electromagnetic waves to radiate to a space and receiving the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the space. Along with the continuous upgrading of system application requirements, the aperture of the phased array antenna is continuously increased, the system complexity is continuously improved, and besides higher requirements on system design are provided, the test difficulty of the antenna is also greatly increased. Due to high requirements on cleanliness and temperature and humidity of a space environment, the satellite-borne phased-array antenna cannot finish directional diagram test outdoors but can only be carried out in a microwave darkroom with space test conditions. And with the downward detection of the application frequency range of the satellite-borne radar and the increase of the aperture of the antenna, the requirement of a directional diagram test on a darkroom space is more and more increased. At present, the effective test caliber of a domestic aerospace microwave darkroom can not meet the test requirement of a directional diagram of a large phased array antenna. The darkroom is expanded according to the aperture of the antenna, the cost is huge, the test stability cannot be guaranteed, and the darkroom is not a good solution. Therefore, the development of a large phased array antenna block test system is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention breaks through the limitation of the existing near-field measurement method on the antenna aperture, and provides a method for testing the large-aperture antenna in blocks. According to the method, the original large antenna is divided into a plurality of sub-arrays, the sub-array antenna is tested in a darkroom each time, and finally, the data of the block test is scientifically and effectively subjected to numerical synthesis calculation, so that the synthesis of the radiation pattern of the whole large-aperture antenna can be completed. The method solves the contradiction between the limited space of the darkroom and the requirement of the large caliber of the antenna to be tested, and greatly improves the efficiency and the precision of the test of the array surface of the large antenna.
The invention provides a block testing method and a block testing system for a large-aperture phased array antenna, which are used for solving the problem that a darkroom testing space cannot meet the testing requirement of a large-scale antenna.
The invention provides a block testing method for a large-aperture phased array antenna, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, dividing a large-aperture phased array antenna into a plurality of subarrays which are adaptive to the size of a darkroom according to the effective test range of the darkroom, wherein the number of the subarrays is set to be n, the antenna subarrays are numbered to be i, i =1, 2, 8230, and n, and one subarray is tested each time;
step 2, placing the antenna subarray i to be tested in a microwave darkroom to finish position calibration
The method comprises the following steps of placing a sub-array i to be tested in a microwave darkroom, wherein i =1, 2, \ 8230, n, calibrating the relative position between the sub-array to be tested and a test probe through an antenna mounting and positioning system, so that a sub-array plane is parallel to a probe test plane, and the antenna sub-array flatness meets certain requirements; recording the relative position relation between the test starting position of the probe and the subarray to be tested, and ensuring that the phase center of each subarray is constant;
step 3, completing the configuration of the antenna subarray i test system in the microwave darkroom
Set up antenna test parameter through terminal display control system, test servo, include: testing the scanning range, scanning step and scanning speed of the probe; the radio frequency detection system has the advantages of working frequency, sampling rate, test wave position, antenna receiving/transmitting state selection and the like.
Step 4, operating the test system to complete the recording of the amplitude and phase data of the near-field plane of the subarray to be tested
The step can be completed by matching a test servo system and a radio frequency detection system. The test servo system controls the test probe to move to a specified position, the radio frequency detection system samples radio frequency signals at the specified position to obtain electric field amplitude and phase information of the corresponding position, and the information is stored in the terminal display control system;
step 5, calculating a far field directional diagram f of the antenna subarray i
Calculating a far-field directional diagram f of the sub-array by adopting a near-far field transformation method according to the near-field amplitude and phase data i ，i＝1、2、…、n；
Step 6, repeating the testing steps 2-6, and completing the recording of the near-field amplitude phase data of all the subarrays and the calculation of the far-field directional diagram;
step 7, the far field directional diagram f of each sub-array i Vector synthesis is carried out according to the relative position relation of the subarrays, and a full array surface far field directional diagram is obtained through calculation;
this step combines the far-field patterns f of each sub-array i Seen as a unit pattern. According to the arrangement and division of the subarrays, the phase center of each subarray can be corrected by referring to the following formula, and finally the far-field vector synthesis is carried out on the far-field directional diagrams of all the subarrays to obtain a final far-field radiation directional diagram F.
In the formula: f is the final directional diagram of the large-aperture phased array antenna;
f i i =1, 2, \ 8230, n, for the far field pattern of each subarray;
k is the wave number, k =2 π/λ, λ is the wavelength;
u＝sin(θ)cos(φ)；
v＝sin(θ)sin(φ)；
x i ，y i the relative position of the ith sub-array in the large-aperture phased array antenna.
The invention provides a large-aperture phased array antenna block test system, which comprises: the system comprises a terminal display control system, a test servo system, a radio frequency detection system and an antenna installation positioning system.
The terminal display control system is used for coordinating and completing state configuration and cooperative work among the antenna to be tested, the test servo system and the radio frequency detection system, and comprises the following components: the system comprises the functions of antenna state configuration to be tested, servo control, radio frequency system state configuration, test data acquisition, test data storage, test process display, test result processing and the like.
And the test servo system is used for completing the mechanical motion of the test equipment in the antenna test process, and comprises a planar near-field scanning frame and a control terminal. The terminal display control system can send the test state control instruction to the test servo system, and the test servo system can control the operation state of the plane near-field scanning frame to complete antenna test according to the instruction.
The radio frequency detection system is used for completing the acquisition of test antenna data, and comprises: vector network analyzers, test probes, test interconnect cables, and the like. The vector network analyzer is interconnected with the test probe and the antenna to be tested through the test interconnection cable. And the relevant test state of the vector network analyzer can be configured through the terminal display and control system.
And the antenna mounting and positioning system is used for completing mounting and fixing and position calibration of the antenna to be detected and comprises antenna mounting equipment to be detected and optical positioning equipment. Before each antenna subarray test, the test probes need to be installed at the same positions, and the relative position relation between the test probes and the antenna to be tested is calibrated through optical positioning equipment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the test method and the test system provided by the invention can divide the large-scale antenna into a plurality of sub-arrays and test the antenna directional diagram in blocks. Compared with the traditional test method, the method can reduce the requirement of the large-aperture antenna test on the test site space, simultaneously improve the efficiency of antenna test fault elimination, has flexible test process and high test efficiency, and can effectively solve the contradiction between the large-aperture antenna and the limited darkroom test space.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a block testing method for a large-aperture phased array antenna;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a block test system for a large-aperture phased array antenna;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the division of the large-aperture phased array antenna subarrays.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, and it should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In order to solve the problem of testing the large-aperture phased array antenna, the general idea is as follows: the original large-size antenna is partitioned, partial antenna test is completed in a darkroom every time, and finally scientific and effective numerical synthesis calculation is carried out on data of the partitioned test, so that the synthesis of the radiation directional diagram of the whole large-aperture antenna can be completed.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present invention provides a method for testing a large-aperture phased array antenna block, which is applied to a phased array antenna block testing system, and includes:
step 1, dividing a large-aperture phased array antenna into a plurality of subarrays which are adaptive to the size of a darkroom according to the effective test range of the darkroom, wherein the number of the subarrays is set to be n, the antenna subarrays are numbered to be i, i =1, 2, 8230, and n, and one subarray is tested each time;
the division subarray is based on the two-dimensional effective scanning capability of the microwave darkroom, and the size of the subarray is required to be smaller than or equal to the effective scanning range of the microwave darkroom. Under the condition of meeting the microwave darkroom condition, the number of the subarrays is not limited;
because the sizes of the microwave darkrooms are different, the effective test range of the microwave darkroom can be determined according to actual conditions. For example, the effective test range of a microwave anechoic chamber is 25 meters in azimuth and 20 meters in distance. The aperture of the phased array antenna is 50 meters in azimuth direction and 40 meters in distance direction. The phased array antenna can be divided into 4 subarrays arranged at 2 x 2, the size of each subarray is 25 meters in the azimuth direction, the distance is 20 meters, and each subarray can be adapted to the effective test range of a microwave anechoic chamber. In special cases, the sub-array size can be divided smaller according to the structural composition of the phased array antenna. In a word, the subarray division principle is that the size of the subarray is matched with the effective measurement range of the microwave darkroom.
Step 2, placing the antenna subarray i to be tested in a microwave darkroom to finish position calibration
The method comprises the following steps of placing a subarray i to be tested in a microwave darkroom, wherein i =1, 2, \8230, n, calibrating the relative position between the subarray to be tested and a test probe through an antenna installation positioning system, so that a subarray plane is parallel to a probe test plane, and the antenna subarray flatness meets certain requirements; recording the relative position relation between the test starting position of the probe and the subarrays to be tested, and ensuring that the phase center of each subarray is constant;
the antenna installation positioning system adopts optical positioning equipment and a test servo system to work in a matching mode, the optical positioning equipment moves through the test servo system, a plurality of points are sampled on the surface of the phased array antenna, and the three coordinates of each sampling point are recorded. And fitting the flatness data of the phased array antenna through the coordinate data of the sampling points. The flatness index may be adapted according to the specific requirements of each phased array antenna. If the current state does not meet the requirements, the phased array antenna angle can be adjusted to correct the current state. When each subarray is tested, the relative position relation between the test starting position of the probe and the subarray to be tested must be kept consistent, so that the phase center of each subarray is ensured to be constant, and phase center errors are avoided when directional diagrams are synthesized in the later period.
Step 3, completing the antenna subarray i test system configuration in the microwave darkroom
Set up antenna test parameter through terminal display control system, test servo, include: the scanning range, the scanning step and the scanning speed of the test probe, the working frequency of the radio frequency detection system, the sampling speed, the test wave position, the antenna receiving/transmitting state selection and the like.
The antenna test parameters can be set according to the test requirements of different antennas. The tester can set parameters such as the scanning range, the scanning step, the scanning speed and the like of the test probe through the terminal display control system software according to the basic requirements of the antenna near field measurement.
Step 4, operating the test system to complete the recording of the amplitude and phase data of the near-field plane of the subarray i to be tested;
step 5, calculating a far field directional diagram f of the antenna subarray i
Calculating a far-field directional diagram f of the sub-array by adopting a near-far field transformation method according to the amplitude and phase data of the near-field plane i ，i＝1、2、…、n；
The step converts the obtained near-field information into a far-field directional diagram through a near-far field transformation program according to an equivalent principle.
Step 6, repeating the testing steps 2-6, and completing the recording of the near field amplitude phase data and the calculation of the far field directional diagram of all the sub-arrays;
step 7, the far field directional diagram f of each sub-array i And carrying out vector synthesis according to the relative position relationship of the subarrays, and calculating to obtain a full array surface far-field directional diagram.
This step combines the far field pattern f of each sub-array i Seen as a unit pattern. According to the arrangement and division of the subarrays, the phase center of each subarray can be corrected by referring to the following formula, and finally the far-field vector synthesis is carried out on the far-field directional diagrams of all the subarrays to obtain a final far-field radiation directional diagram F.
In the formula: f is the final directional diagram of the large-aperture phased array antenna;
f i i =1, 2, \ 8230for the far field pattern of each subarray, n;
k is the wave number, k =2 π/λ, λ is the wavelength;
u＝sin(θ)cos(φ)；
v＝sin(θ)sin(φ)；
x i ，y i the relative position of the ith sub-array in the large-aperture phased array antenna.
For example: the aperture of the phased array antenna is 50 meters in azimuth direction and 40 meters in distance, if the phased array antenna can be divided into 4 sub-arrays, the size of each sub-array is 25 meters in azimuth direction and 20 meters in distance. X is then 1 = 25 m, y 1 =20 meters. A specific example is shown in fig. 3.
Example two:
the invention provides a large-aperture phased array antenna block test system, which is applicable to a block test method and refers to fig. 2, and the system comprises: the system comprises a terminal display control system, a test servo system, a radio frequency detection system and an antenna installation positioning system.
Terminal display control system software adopts the Qt development environment to build, is responsible for coordinating and accomplishes the configuration of state and collaborative work between antenna, test servo, the radio frequency detection system that awaits measuring, includes: the system comprises the functions of antenna state configuration to be tested, servo control, radio frequency system state configuration, test data acquisition, test data storage, test process display, test result processing and the like. The antenna state configuration comprises antenna working frequency, receiving and transmitting working state selection and wave position testing; the servo control comprises the scanning range, the scanning step and the scanning speed of the test probe; the radio frequency system state configuration comprises the working frequency and the sampling rate of the radio frequency system. The terminal display control system is interconnected with the test servo system and the radio frequency detection system through standard communication interfaces such as COM, LAN and GPIB, and the functions of clock synchronization, data transmission, data storage and the like are realized.
The test servo system is responsible for completing the mechanical movement of test equipment in the antenna test process and comprises a planar near-field scanning frame and a control terminal. The plane near-field scanning frame comprises an antenna mounting platform to be tested, a test probe mounting bracket and a probe moving guide rail. The antenna mounting platform to be tested and the test probe mounting bracket are reserved with falling spaces, and adaptive mounting can be carried out on the antennas to be tested and the probes to be tested in different models. The probe moving guide rail has horizontal and vertical two-dimensional moving capability, and can select a continuous moving mode or a stepping walking and stopping mode according to the requirements of users. The motion precision of the probe can be realized by 0.01mm. And the control terminal software is written by VC + +. The motion trail of the probe can be set through a software interface, and comprises a probe moving path, a moving speed, a moving mode and the like.
The radio frequency detection system is responsible for completing the collection of test antenna data, and comprises: vector network analyzers, test probes, test interconnect cables, and the like. The vector network analyzer and the test interconnection cable interface are SMA. The port 1 of the vector network analyzer is connected with the test probe through a test interconnection cable, and the port 2 of the vector network analyzer is connected with the antenna to be tested through the test interconnection cable. In order to adapt to the interfaces of different types of antennas, the test interconnection cable can adopt a special adapter to transform the SMA connector. Through the terminal display control system, parameters of the vector network analyzer can be set, such as testing frequency, testing level and the like, and radio frequency information acquired by the vector network analyzer is transmitted to the terminal display control system through the LAN interface for storage. The test probe is fixed on a scanning frame of the test servo system. With the movement of the scanning frame, the testing probe can sample the space electric field at a designated position.
And the antenna mounting and positioning system is responsible for completing the mounting and fixing and position calibration of the antenna to be tested and comprises antenna mounting equipment to be tested and optical positioning equipment. Firstly, an antenna to be tested is installed on the antenna installation equipment to be tested. The equipment is reserved with installation positioning holes, and the constancy of the installation position of each subarray can be guaranteed. The optical positioning device is used for ensuring that the test phase center of each subarray is constant. Before the subarray directional diagram is tested, the optical positioning equipment can be installed on a scanning frame and irradiates an antenna to be tested through emitting laser points. And moving the scanning frame until the laser beam irradiates the mounting positioning hole of the antenna to be tested, wherein the position is the standard initial position of the test probe. And the optical positioning equipment is detached, and the test probe is replaced to start the test.
The block testing method and system for the large-aperture phased array antenna according to the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. From the above description, those skilled in the art should clearly recognize the present invention.
The above description is only for the best mode of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Claims (10)
1. A large aperture phased array antenna block test system, comprising: the system comprises a terminal display control system, a test servo system, a radio frequency detection system and an antenna installation positioning system;
the terminal display control system is used for coordinating and completing state configuration and cooperative work among the antenna to be tested, the test servo system and the radio frequency detection system;
the test servo system is used for completing the mechanical motion of test equipment in the antenna test process and comprises a planar near-field scanning frame and a control terminal;
the radio frequency detection system is used for completing the acquisition of test antenna data, and comprises: a vector network analyzer, a test probe, and a test interconnection cable;
and the antenna mounting and positioning system is used for completing mounting and fixing and position calibration of the antenna to be detected and comprises antenna mounting equipment to be detected and optical positioning equipment.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the terminal display control system performs state configuration of the antenna to be tested, servo control, state configuration of the radio frequency system, test data acquisition, test data storage, test process display, and test result processing.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the terminal display control system sends the test state control command to the test servo system, and the test servo system controls the operation state of the planar near-field scanning frame according to the command to complete the antenna test.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the vector network analyzer is interconnected with the test probe and the antenna under test via a test interconnection cable; and configuring the relevant test state of the vector network analyzer through the terminal display control system.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the antenna array is mounted at the same position before each testing, and the relative position relationship between the test probe and the antenna to be tested is calibrated by the optical positioning device.
6. A large-aperture phased array antenna block testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, dividing a large-aperture phased array antenna into a plurality of subarrays which are adaptive to the size of a darkroom according to the effective test range of the darkroom, wherein the number of the subarrays is set to be n, the antenna subarrays are numbered to be i, i =1, 2, 8230, and n, and one subarray is tested each time;
step 2, placing the antenna subarray i to be tested in a microwave darkroom to finish position calibration
Step 3, completing the antenna subarray i test system configuration in the microwave darkroom
Step 4, operating the test system to complete the recording of the amplitude and phase data of the near-field plane of the subarray to be tested
Step 5, calculating a far field directional diagram f of the antenna subarray i
Calculating a far-field directional diagram f of the subarray according to the near-field amplitude and phase data by adopting a near-far field transformation method i ，i＝1、2、…、n；
Step 6, repeating the testing steps 2-6, and completing the recording of the near field amplitude phase data and the calculation of the far field directional diagram of all the sub-arrays;
step 7, the far field directional diagram f of each sub-array i And carrying out vector synthesis according to the relative position relationship of the subarrays, and calculating to obtain a full-array-face far-field directional diagram.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step 2, the subarray i to be tested is placed in a microwave darkroom, i =1, 2, \8230, n, and the relative position between the subarray to be tested and the test probe is calibrated through an antenna installation positioning system, so that the subarray plane is parallel to the probe test plane and the antenna subarray flatness meets certain requirements; and recording the relative position relation between the test starting position of the probe and the subarray to be tested, and ensuring that the phase center of each subarray is constant.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein in step 3, the setting of the antenna test parameters by the terminal display control system and the test servo system comprises: testing the scanning range, scanning step and scanning speed of the probe; the radio frequency detection system has the working frequency, the sampling rate, the test wave position and the antenna receiving/transmitting state selection.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein in step 4, the step is performed by a test servo system and a radio frequency probe system; the test servo system controls the test probe to move to a specified position, the radio frequency detection system carries out radio frequency signal sampling at the specified position, electric field amplitude and phase information of the corresponding position are obtained, and the information is stored in the terminal display control system.
10. According to the rightThe method of claim 6, wherein the step of assigning a far field pattern f for each subarray i As a unit directional diagram; according to the arrangement and division of the sub-arrays, the phase center of each sub-array is corrected by referring to the following formula, and finally far field vector synthesis is carried out on far field pattern of all sub-arrays to obtain a final far field radiation pattern F;
in the formula: f is the final directional diagram of the large-aperture phased array antenna;
f i i =1, 2, \ 8230for the far field pattern of each subarray, n;
k is the wave number, k =2 π/λ, λ is the wavelength;
u＝sin(θ)cos(φ)；
v＝sin(θ)sin(φ)；
x i ，y i the relative position of the ith sub-array in the large-aperture phased array antenna.
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| CN117289037A (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2023-12-26 | 南京华成微波技术有限公司 | Method and system for testing plane near field of high-power phased array antenna |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117289037A (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2023-12-26 | 南京华成微波技术有限公司 | Method and system for testing plane near field of high-power phased array antenna |
| CN117289037B (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2024-02-09 | 南京华成微波技术有限公司 | Method and system for testing plane near field of high-power phased array antenna |
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