CN110220180A - A kind of fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels - Google Patents

A kind of fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110220180A
CN110220180A CN201910361895.4A CN201910361895A CN110220180A CN 110220180 A CN110220180 A CN 110220180A CN 201910361895 A CN201910361895 A CN 201910361895A CN 110220180 A CN110220180 A CN 110220180A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
high temperature
low
burner hearth
cooling
flue
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CN201910361895.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN110220180B (en
Inventor
陈军武
唐磊
杨再清
王志勇
李学军
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China Energy Engineering Group Hunan Electric Power Design Institute Co Ltd
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China Energy Engineering Group Hunan Electric Power Design Institute Co Ltd
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0069Systems therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22DPREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/36Water and air preheating systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22GSUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G7/00Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material

Abstract

A kind of fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels, including burner hearth, burner hearth are connected with horizontal flue, horizontal flue is connected with the first vertical gas pass, combined dust-eliminating room top is connected with the first vertical gas pass, and lower part is connected with device for cooling ash, and rear is connected with the second vertical gas pass;Drum is equipped with above burner hearth, low-temperature zone economizer is connected to high temperature section economizer, high temperature section economizer is connected to drum, drum is connected to the pipeline of the cold pipe wall of the vapour of the first vertical gas pass, the pipeline of the cold pipe wall of the vapour of first vertical gas pass is connected to low temperature superheater, low temperature superheater is connected to pendant superheater, pendant superheater is connected to high temperature superheater, high temperature superheater is connected to through external steam turbine high-pressure cylinder with low-temperature reheater, low-temperature reheater is connected to through piping with high temperature reheater, and high temperature reheater is connected to external Steam Turbine Through IP Admission.The present invention can effectively solve the cooling problem of boiler ash discharge deslagging, and can effectively alleviate the problem of boiler heating surface and denitrating catalyst are worn.

Description

A kind of fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels
Technical field
The present invention relates to fluidized-bed combustion boilers, are specifically related to a kind of fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels.
Background technique
Bone coal is the inferior fuel that a kind of calorific value is extremely low, ash content is high, and Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian etc. save Deposit is abundant, but cannot still be efficiently used on a large scale.
Combustion technology of circulating fluidized is that a kind of fuel tolerance is extensive, clean combustion system, is using low heat value, height The inferior fuel of ash content has certain advantage.But use calorific value down to 4200MJ(about 1000kCal) bone coal in the world On still without sizable application.Hunan engineering is attempted to carry out extensive bone coal resources development and utilization using fluidization, and does A large amount of research demonstration, it is feasible for demonstrating and using bone coal using fluidized-bed combustion boiler, but still have more problem Compel to need to solve, engineering promotes relatively slow.Distinct issues show following aspect:
One, heat output of fuel is low, ash content is high, causes the fuel quantity, dust content, boiler slag removal ash discharge amount into boiler all special Other big, heating surface wear problem will protrude very much.
Two, boiler slag removal ash discharge amount is especially big, and deslagging ash discharge heat loss is big, and boiler efficiency cannot be effectively guaranteed; The cooling mediums amounts such as condensed water, the cold air of deslagging ash discharge cooling requirement are big, and cooling medium will not be well positioned to meet in system Demand.
Three, in order to meet the requirement of domestic minimum discharge, flue gas need to carry out denitration process, but dust content is high, So that using SCR denitration process, there are great technical risks.
CN201020596163 discloses a kind of circulating fluidized bed boiler systems of bone coal that burns, including bone coal is prepared and given Coal measures system, circulating fluid bed boiler body, circulating ash drain cooler, slag cooler, Ash water system and pressure fan, the fluidisation Although bed boiler systems and using the bone coal of low heat value as fuel, for the cooling problem and boiler of boiler ash discharge deslagging The problem of heating surface and denitrating catalyst are worn does not refer to.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of above-mentioned background technique, provide a kind of usable low-heat It is worth the fluidized-bed combustion boiler of fuel, can effectively solve the cooling problem of boiler ash discharge deslagging, and it is heated effectively to alleviate boiler The problem of face and denitrating catalyst are worn.
The technical solution used to solve the technical problems of the present invention is that a kind of fluidized bed pot of usable low calorie fuels Furnace, including burner hearth, horizontal flue, the first vertical gas pass, combined dust-eliminating room, the second vertical gas pass and device for cooling ash, the burner hearth with Horizontal flue is connected, and horizontal flue is connected with the first vertical gas pass, and combined dust-eliminating room top is connected with the first vertical gas pass, Lower part is connected with device for cooling ash, and rear is connected with the second vertical gas pass;The burner hearth is the cavity surrounded by fin panel casing;It is horizontal Flue, the first vertical gas pass be by the cold pipe walled of membrane type vapour at cavity;The lower furnace portion is equipped with coal feeding pipe and slag-drip opening, into Coal pipe, slag-drip opening are connected to cavity pocket of burner hearth, and upper furnace is equipped with pendant superheater;
High temperature superheater, high temperature reheater are equipped with inside the horizontal flue;
First vertical gas pass top is divided into former and later two exhaust gases passes by partition wall, is equipped with cryogenic overheating in an exhaust gases passes Device, is equipped with low-temperature reheater in another exhaust gases passes, low temperature superheater, low-temperature reheater lower section the first vertical gas pass in It is disposed with high temperature section economizer;
Low-temperature zone economizer is equipped in the device for cooling ash;Drum is equipped with above the burner hearth, the low-temperature zone economizer passes through pipe Road is connected to high temperature section economizer, and high temperature section economizer is connected to by pipeline with drum, and the roof tube of drum and horizontal flue connects Logical, the roof tube of horizontal flue is connected to the pipeline of the cold pipe wall of the vapour of the first vertical gas pass, the cold pipe wall of the vapour of the first vertical gas pass Pipeline be connected to low temperature superheater, low temperature superheater is connected to by pipeline with pendant superheater, and pendant superheater passes through pipeline It is connected to high temperature superheater, high temperature superheater is connected to through external steam turbine high-pressure cylinder with low-temperature reheater, low-temperature reheater warp Piping is connected to high temperature reheater, and high temperature reheater is connected to external Steam Turbine Through IP Admission.
Further, it is equipped with lower header below the water-cooling wall of the burner hearth, upper collecting chamber is equipped with above the water-cooling wall of burner hearth, it is described Drum is equipped with down-comer, and drum is connected to by down-comer with lower header, and lower header is connected to by water-cooling wall with upper collecting chamber, upper collection Case is connected to by pipeline with drum.
Further, the high temperature section economizer arranged beneath has gas proportioning damper.
Further, it is equipped with high-temperature inertial dust collector board group inside the horizontal flue, the high temperature reheater is divided into high temperature Section and low-temperature zone two-stage, the high-temperature inertial dust collector board group are arranged between the high temperature section of high temperature reheater and low-temperature zone.
Further, the horizontal flue lower part is equipped with flue-dust retainer, and the aperture of horizontal flue lower plate is simultaneously connected to flue-dust retainer.
Further, the lower furnace portion is equipped with feed back interface, is equipped with material returning device below the flue-dust retainer, material returning device passes through pipe The feed back orifice in road and burner hearth.
Further, the coal feeding pipe is equipped with coal supply system interface.
Further, the burner hearth waist is equipped with secondary air box, and secondary air box is connected to by pipeline with burner hearth.
Further, the combined dust-eliminating room is in contraction-like according to flow of flue gas direction with the first vertical gas pass coupling part.
Further, be staggered between first vertical gas pass and the second vertical gas pass, and in comprehensive dust remover first hang down Straight flue and the second vertical gas pass place of being staggered are provided with and catch dirt board group.
Further, the burner hearth bottom is equipped with water cooled wind chamber, and cloth wind is equipped between water cooled wind chamber and burner hearth.
Further, the described second vertical cigarette is the assembly of SCR denitration device and air preheater, and top is SCR denitration Device, lower section are air preheater, and the air preheater is equipped with a wind inlet, First air outlet, secondary air inlet, two The First air outlet of secondary wind outlet and exhanst gas outlet, air preheater is connected to water cooled wind chamber, and the Secondary Air of air preheater goes out Mouth is connected to secondary air box.
Further, the device for cooling ash is tower device for cooling ash, and device for cooling ash top is set there are two rectangular fluid chamber, and left chamber is Ji Hui cooling chamber, Ji Hui cooling chamber top are connected with combined dust-eliminating room lower part, are disposed with low-temperature zone in Ji Hui cooling chamber Economizer, right chamber are fume extraction chamber, pass through the exhanst gas outlet of tubule and air preheater above fume extraction chamber Connection, the two chambers lower part connection of device for cooling ash.
Further, the device for cooling ash lower part is equipped with centrum flue-dust retainer.
The hardly possible of technology existing for the inferior fuel that the calorific values such as bone coal are extremely low, ash content is high is used for existing fluidized-bed combustion boiler Topic, the present invention propose a kind of fluidized-bed combustion boiler technical solution.The inferior fuel that calorific value is extremely low, ash content is high is used, it is convex at first Aobvious problem is that inventory is big, and Matter Transfer pressure (not only exacerbates the abrasion of heating surface, while also increasing Matter Transfer greatly Energy consumption), in order to mitigate the pressure of Matter Transfer, simplest measure is a large amount of discharge cycle ash, but is discharged big The circulating ash of amount takes a large amount of physical sensible heat out of, how to recycle the physical sensible heat of circulating ash and improves boiler efficiency again at one Technical problem.For this contradiction, the present invention is replaced in furnace outlet with the lower inertial dust separator board group of easy efficiency of dust collection For traditional very high cyclone separator of efficiency of dust collection, the outer loop of material is realized.In the item that material outer loop amount reduces Under part, the design of burner hearth, the selection of circulating ratio and fluidising air velocity, arrangement of boiler heating surface etc. all need to do corresponding adjustment. After taking this technical measures, the benefit of three aspects can be brought: firstly, mitigating the pressure of boiler Matter Transfer to reduce Matter Transfer energy consumption slows down the abrasion of boiler heating surface;Secondly, the amount of dust taken away in flue gas increases, and the physics of dust The heating surfaces at different levels that sensible heat is disposed in boiler horizontal gas pass and its rear always recept the caloric increase, improve boiler efficiency;Finally, because High temperature flying dust before discharging the heating surface at different levels in boiler obtained it is gradual effective cooling, it is external needed for lime-ash cooling to be situated between Mass lost alleviates the problem of cooling medium deficiency.
Under the increasingly harsh overall situation of environmental requirement, using fluidized-bed combustion boiler use high-ash coal boiler another It is outstanding to be that boiler smoke needs to carry out denitration process, but the high flue gas of dust content will dash forward to the abrasion of catalyst very much Out, it is necessary to pre- dust removal process be carried out to flue gas before SCR denitration, combined dust-eliminating room is arranged in the present invention before denitrification apparatus, this is comprehensive Closing dirt pocket is a gas reversal chamber first, has certain inertial dust collection dust collection capacity, and export setting mesh in reversal chamber The overall efficiency of dust collection of dedusting plate, combined dust-eliminating room is arranged 85% or so, so that the flue gas into rear SCR denitration device contains Dust concentration is no more than 100g/Nm3.
For the ash for being integrated into deduster and separating, formula device for cooling ash, tower device for cooling ash and combined dust-eliminating is arranged in the present invention On the one hand device close communication plays the role of the expansion chamber of comprehensive dust remover, improve the dust collection capacity of comprehensive dust remover, separately On the one hand it is disposed with low-temperature zone economizer in it, can effectively recycle the heat of ash.Device for cooling ash passes through pipeline cigarette vertical with second Road outlet has a small amount of flow of flue gas by the pressure difference before and after the second vertical gas pass inside device for cooling ash, strengthen internal province The heat-transfer effect of coal device and ash.
By reasonably designing, the 30 ~ 40% of control boiler furnace bottom bed drain purge about total lime-ash amount, device for cooling ash ash discharge amount About the 50 ~ 60% of total lime-ash amount, finally the dustiness in smoke evacuation is about the 5 ~ 10% of total lime-ash amount.The lime-ash of burner hearth bottom discharge The cooling condensed water using power plant is cooling, and device for cooling ash is cooling using Boiler High Pressure water supply.Preferably, two can be arranged in device for cooling ash Grade heating surface, high temperature and the hot face of grade are cooling using Boiler High Pressure water supply, and low-temperature level heating surface is cooling using condensed water, can be further Device for cooling ash ash discharge temperature is reduced, improves boiler efficiency, but system will become complexity a bit.
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention is as follows: the present invention breaks through the Normal practice of conventional fluidization bed, can be effective The cooling for solving the problems, such as boiler ash discharge deslagging, and can effectively alleviate boiler heating surface and denitrating catalyst abrasion ask Topic.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the A-A view (high-temperature inertial dust collector board group, flue-dust retainer partial view) of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the B direction view (device for cooling ash partial view) of Fig. 1.
In figure: 1-burner hearth, 2-horizontal flues, the 3-the first vertical gas pass, 4-combined dust-eliminating rooms, the 5-the second vertical cigarette Road, 6-device for cooling ash, 7-flue-dust retainers, 8-material returning devices, 9-water cooled wind chambers, 10-pendant superheaters, 11-high temperature superheaters, 12-high temperature reheaters, 13-high-temperature inertial dust collector board groups, 14-low temperature superheaters, 15-low-temperature reheaters, 16-high temperature Section economizer, 17-gas proportioning dampers, 18-catch dirt board group, and 19-SCR denitration devices, 20-air preheaters, 21-is low Temperature section economizer, 22-secondary air box, 23-drums, 24-coal supply system interfaces, 25-slag-drip openings, 26-down-comers.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment present invention is further described in detail.
Referring to Fig.1-3, the present embodiment includes burner hearth 1, horizontal flue 2, the first vertical gas pass 3, combined dust-eliminating room 4, second Vertical gas pass 5, device for cooling ash 6, burner hearth 1 are connected with horizontal flue 2, and horizontal flue 2 is connected with the first vertical gas pass 3, combined dust-eliminating 4 top of room is connected with the first vertical gas pass 3, and lower part is connected with device for cooling ash 6, and rear is connected with the second vertical gas pass 5.
Burner hearth 1 is the cavity surrounded by fin panel casing;Horizontal flue 2, the first vertical gas pass 3 are by the cold pipe wall of membrane type vapour The cavity surrounded.
1 bottom of burner hearth is equipped with water cooled wind chamber 9, air distribution plate is equipped between water cooled wind chamber 9 and burner hearth 1,1 lower part side of burner hearth is set There is coal feeding pipe, coal feeding pipe is equipped with coal supply system interface 24, and the 1 lower part other side of burner hearth is equipped with slag-drip opening 25 and feed back interface, furnace 1 waist of thorax is equipped with secondary air box 22, and secondary air box 22 is connected to by pipeline with burner hearth 1, and 1 top of burner hearth is equipped with pendant superheater 10。
The outlet of burner hearth 1 is connected with horizontal flue 2, and smoke folded angle is equipped with below burner hearth 1 and 2 junction of horizontal flue, folding Cigarette angle is formed from the cold pipe wall of vapour to contract a certain distance.
High temperature superheater 11, high temperature reheater 12 and high-temperature inertial dust collector board group 13 are disposed with inside horizontal flue 2, Wherein high temperature reheater 12 divides for high temperature section and low-temperature zone two-stage, and high-temperature inertial dust collector board group 13 is arranged in high temperature reheater Between high temperature section and low-temperature zone.2 lower plate opening square hole of horizontal flue is simultaneously connected to flue-dust retainer 7, and 2-4 collection ash is arranged in separate unit boiler Bucket and 7, according to 2 width direction close-packed arrays of horizontal flue, in the aperture size and flue-dust retainer 7 of corresponding 2 lower plate of horizontal flue Portion's total cross section is consistent.Material returning device 8 is equipped with below flue-dust retainer 7, material returning device 8 passes through the feed back orifice of pipeline and burner hearth 1.
First vertical gas pass, 3 top is divided into former and later two exhaust gases passes by partition wall, is disposed with low temperature in an exhaust gases passes Superheater 14, another exhaust gases passes is interior to arrange low-temperature reheater 15, the arranged beneath of low temperature superheater 14, low-temperature reheater 15 There is high temperature section economizer 16,16 arranged beneath of high temperature section economizer has gas proportioning damper 17.
Combined dust-eliminating room 4 is with 3 coupling part of the first vertical gas pass according to flow of flue gas direction in contraction-like.First vertical gas pass 3 and the second offset a certain distance between vertical gas pass 5, and first vertical gas pass 3 and second hangs down in comprehensive dust remover 4 Straight 5 place of being staggered of flue, which is provided with, catches dirt board group 18.
Second vertical gas pass 5 is substantially the assembly of SCR denitration device 19 and air preheater 20, and top is SCR denitration Device 19, lower section are air preheater 20, and the air preheater 20 in this implementation is tubular air preheater, air preheater 20 Equipped with a wind inlet, First air outlet, secondary air inlet, Secondary Air exports and exhanst gas outlet, and the one of air preheater 20 Secondary wind outlet is connected to through pipeline with water cooled wind chamber 9, and the Secondary Air outlet of air preheater 20 is connected to through pipeline with secondary air box 22.
Device for cooling ash 6 is tower device for cooling ash.6 top of device for cooling ash is set there are two rectangular fluid chamber, and left chamber is that collection ash is cooling Chamber, Ji Hui cooling chamber top are connected with the expansion chamber interface of 4 lower part of combined dust-eliminating room, are disposed in Ji Hui cooling chamber low Temperature section economizer 21, right chamber are fume extraction chamber, pass through tubule and air preheater 20 above fume extraction chamber Exhanst gas outlet connection, the two chambers lower part connection of device for cooling ash 6, under the suction of boiler induced-draft fan, 6 top of device for cooling ash has on a small quantity Flue gas flow to fume extraction chamber through Ji Hui cooling chamber from combined dust-eliminating 4, strengthens between low-temperature zone economizer 21 and dust Finally boiler is discharged from 20 exhanst gas outlet of air preheater in heat exchange, flue gas.6 lower part of device for cooling ash is centrum flue-dust retainer, in dust stratification The dust that cooling chamber and fume extraction chamber deposition get off can all enter in flue-dust retainer, and the dust stratification in flue-dust retainer is by spiral The mechanical devices (not shown) such as blow-off valve discharge boiler is finally drained by ash-transmission system (user's self-care).
The dirt board group 18 of catching being arranged in comprehensive dust remover 4 is multiple groups mesh-type dedusting plate (four groups are illustrated in figure), comprehensive Total efficiency of dust collection about 80% of deduster 4 is closed, so that the dust contained flue gas concentration for entering lower section SCR denitration device 19 is no more than 100g/Nm3
It is equipped with lower header below the water-cooling wall of burner hearth 1, upper collecting chamber is equipped with above the water-cooling wall of burner hearth 1, is equipped with above burner hearth 1 Drum 23, drum 23 are equipped with down-comer 26, and drum 23 be connected to by down-comer 26 with lower header, lower header pass through water-cooling wall and Upper collecting chamber connection, upper collecting chamber are connected to by pipeline with drum;23 lower half of drum is saturated water, and the upper half is saturated vapor, vapour Packet 23, down-comer 26, lower header, water-cooling wall, upper collecting chamber collectively form the circulation loop of boiler water cycle.
Low-temperature zone economizer 21 is connected to by pipeline with high temperature section economizer 16, and high temperature section economizer 16 passes through pipeline and vapour 23 connection of packet, drum 23 are connected to the roof tube of horizontal flue 2, and the roof tube of horizontal flue 2 and the vapour of the first vertical gas pass 3 are cold The pipeline of pipe wall is connected to, and the pipeline of the cold pipe wall of the vapour of the first vertical gas pass 3 is connected to low temperature superheater 14, and low temperature superheater 14 is logical Piping is connected to pendant superheater 10, and pendant superheater 10 is connected to by pipeline with high temperature superheater 11, high temperature superheater 11 It is connected to through external steam turbine high-pressure cylinder with low-temperature reheater 15, low-temperature reheater 15 connects through piping and high temperature reheater 12 Logical, high temperature reheater 12 is connected to external Steam Turbine Through IP Admission.
Burner hearth 1 is the cavity that fin panel casing surrounds, and fin panel casing extends upwardly to 2 two sidewalls of horizontal flue and bottom Plate, constitutes the side wall and bottom plate of horizontal flue 2, and burner hearth 1 is directly connected to horizontal flue 2.Fin panel casing extends downward into water Cold air chamber 9 simultaneously surrounds cavity structure.Film-type water-cooling tube bank between burner hearth and water cooled wind chamber is air distribution plate, is lined on air distribution plate resistance to Fiery pouring material, aperture is provided on the part water-cooling wall for installing the cloth blast cap of air distribution plate, and the setting of cloth blast cap enables air To burner hearth 1, the material particles in burner hearth 1 cannot but enter in water cooled wind chamber 9 water cooled air compartment 9,9 lower section of water cooled wind chamber or side Also there are a fluidized wind interfaces in face.
The fin panel casing of burner hearth 1 by bend pipe, allow the means such as pipe in burner hearth front-back wall aperture, respectively with coal feeding pipe, return Expect that interface, Secondary Air orifice, coal feeding pipe are connected to coal supply system interface 24;Feed back interface is connected by pipeline and material returning device 8 It is logical;Secondary Air interface is connected to secondary air box 22.In addition, lower furnace portion is additionally provided with deslagging interface 25, (user is certainly with cold slag system Reason) connection.
23 outlet vapor of drum leads to ceiling tube inlet header, is divided into ceiling tube bank and constitutes steam cooled roof (furnace backward 1 to the first vertical gas pass of thorax, 3 direction) to roof tube outlet header, ceiling heating surface of tubes is gone along with sb. to guard him into using film water cold wall structure Burner hearth top plate, horizontal flue top plate and the first vertical gas pass top plate.Roof tube outlet header steam comes downwards under the first flue Square steam (vapor) outlet header, downstream pip using film water cold wall structure go along with sb. to guard him into the front-back wall of the first vertical gas pass, side wall and in Division wall.Steam is divided into more root canal roads and enters low temperature superheater 14, low temperature in first vertical gas pass, 3 lower exit port steam header Superheater 14 is that snakelike heated tube bank is arranged in front of the first vertical gas pass 3 in flue, then goes upward to low temperature superheater outlet collection Then case successively leads to pendant superheater 10, high temperature superheater 11 through pipeline, finally as superheated steam for temperature of power plant steam turbine The external users vapour such as high pressure cylinder.The high pressure cylinder steam discharge of steam turbine leads to 15 entrance header of low-temperature reheater through pipeline, through low temperature Then reheater 15 leads to high temperature reheater 12 through pipeline, through high temperature reheater outlet header to low-temperature reheater outlet header To the intermediate pressure cylinder in power plant, the process of steam is completed.Low-temperature reheater 12 is coiled pipe structure, is arranged in the first vertical gas pass 3 Rear pass in.
The course of work of boiler, which involves fuel high-temp combustion occurs in burner hearth with air, reacts, and generates heat, will be into While the working medium for entering boiler is heated to the superheated steam and reheated steam met the requirements, lime-ash, flue gas are generated (containing a large amount of Dust, SO2, the harmful substances such as NOx).In the Design and manufacturing process of boiler, the burning, excellent of fuel need to be effectively organized Change the rational deployment of each heat-transfer area.For using the fluidized-bed combustion boiler for the inferior fuel that ash content is high, calorific value is extremely low, Ge Gefang Face need to accomplish that burning tissues are good, heat distribution is reasonable and effectively reduce the various heat loss of boiler with greater need for careful tradeoff To improve the economy of boiler.
Low calorie fuels used in fluidized-bed combustion boiler of the present invention includes bone coal, gangue.
The combustion process of fluidized-bed combustion boiler of the present invention is as follows:
Burner hearth 1 is added by coal feeding pipe by charging gear (user's self-care) in boiler coal feeding, gives coal combustion and fluidisation required primary Wind is sent into air preheater 20 by primary air fan (user's self-care), and the water cooling below boiler is entered after the heating of air preheater 20 Air compartment 9 enters burner hearth 1 through air distribution plate.Secondary Air needed for fuel combustion and after-flame is sent into air by pressure fan (user's self-care) Preheater 20 is sent into secondary air box 22 after the heating of air preheater 20 and enters the participation burning of burner hearth 1.Fluid bed boiler furnace Comparatively speaking temperature general control is a kind of low temperature combustion mode with other combustion systems at 850-900 DEG C.As a kind of fluidisation Bed boiler, in boiler furnace there are a large amount of high-temperature material particle (including be newly added coal-burning particle, uncombusted coal-burning particle with And grey solid impurity particle), air distribution plate goes to bed the bed of material in fluidisation shape under the effect of high pressure First air, and partial material is moved upwards with air-flow, The biggish particle in part is moved to 1 edge of burner hearth and returns to bed material layer in uphill process, constitutes inside the material of fluidized-bed combustion boiler Circulation.Remaining lesser physical particles enter horizontal flue 2 with flue gas stream, be disposed in horizontal flue 2 inertial dust separator 13 and High temperature superheater 11, high temperature reheater 12,80% or more larger particles, which are captured down, enters flue-dust retainer 7, by material returning device 8 Back in burner hearth 1, the outer loop of the material of fluidized-bed combustion boiler is constituted;It is added after burner hearth to coal at once mixed with scorching hot bed material Merging is heated to fire box temperature, and combustion reaction occurs with the air of feeding, ignition and fires in the cyclic process of material To the greatest extent.
In addition, fuel combustion can generate centainly because fluidized-bed combustion boiler is usually the relatively coarse granule of 5-10mm to the granularity of coal The greater particle size that cannot be crushed residue, the part residue as boiler deslagging from 1 lower section slag-drip opening 25 of burner hearth be discharged.Pot Furnace slag discharge, device for cooling ash ash discharge and boiler finally discharge fume in dust-laden constitute boiler lime-ash balance, the present invention select dedusting The lower inertial dust separator 13 of efficiency substitutes the very high cyclone separator of traditional separative efficiency, enters through horizontal flue 2 vertical Flying dust relative increase in flue 5 is more, and returning charge amount is reduced, and corresponding required material circulating ratio reduces, and passes through and controls deslagging Amount maintains the bed pressure of fluidized bed substantially steady.The 30-40% of whole control boiler furnace bottom bed drain purge about total lime-ash amount, cold ash 6 ash discharge amount of device is about the 50-60% of total lime-ash amount, and finally the dustiness in smoke evacuation is about the 5-10% of total lime-ash amount.
Flue gas after 13 preliminary dust removal of high-temperature inertial dust collector board group in horizontal flue 2, which carries remaining dust, to be continued It moves backward, flows through the first vertical gas pass 3, be cooled to about 400 DEG C or so along the heating surface that journey is arranged, removed subsequently into synthesis Dirt device 4.The efficiency of dust collection of comprehensive dust remover 4 about 85% removes most of dust in flue gas, so that smoke content is less than 100mg/Nm3, then flue gas enters the second vertical gas pass 5, and the SCR denitration device 19 in the second vertical gas pass 5 is first to cigarette Gas carries out denitrating flue gas, and flue gas is then cooled to about 140 DEG C or so by air preheater 20 and boiler is finally discharged.
The dust that comprehensive dust remover traps is carried along into the cold ash of lower section by small amount of flue gas under the effect of gravity Device 6, dust temperature is then discharged out boiler to about 150 DEG C by about 400 DEG C of High-temperature cooling in device for cooling ash 6.
Water, the thermal histories of steam of fluidized-bed combustion boiler of the present invention are as follows:
Boiler High Pressure water supply is first into the low-temperature zone economizer 21 in device for cooling ash 6, then into the first vertical gas pass 3 High temperature section economizer 16, subsequently into drum 23, down-comer 26 through drum 23 enters the lower header of furnace wall cooling simultaneously point It is scattered in furnace wall cooling, high-pressure feed water absorption 1 heat of burner hearth is heated in furnace wall cooling is converted to saturated vapor and saturation The mixture of water, the upper collecting chamber through furnace wall cooling return to drum 23, and steam is separated in drum 23, through roof tube Afterwards go to the first vertical gas pass 3 the cold pipe wall of vapour pipeline, subsequently into low temperature superheater 14, then drawn by pipeline connect successively into Enter the pendant superheater 10 on 1 top of burner hearth, the high temperature superheater 12 in horizontal flue 2, by the outlet header of high temperature superheater 12 It draws for steam turbine high-pressure cylinder vapour;Steam turbine high-pressure cylinder steam discharge is cold section of steam of reheating, is entered in the first vertical gas pass 3 Low-temperature reheater 15, then into the high temperature reheater 12 in horizontal flue 2, then from the outlet header of high temperature reheater 12 For Steam Turbine Through IP Admission vapour.It does work in steam turbine and condensation is converted to condensed water in condenser, through condensate pump, water supply It is converted to high-pressure feed water again after pump boosting and enters boiler, completes steam/water circulating.
Illustrate actual effect of the invention below with reference to application example:
For Hunan 300MW engineering using local bone coal as boiler design operating condition fuel, boiler is Sub-critical Parameter recirculating fluidized bed Boiler.
The simple coal quality data of bone coal is as follows:
As-received carbon Car:13%;As-received ash Aar:78.7%;As-received moisture content Mar:3.2%;Net calorific value as received basis: 4180 kJ/kg。
The evaporation capacity of boiler, consumption fuel quantity and lime-ash equilibrium data are as follows:
BMCR operating condition boiler capacity: 1036 t/h;Boiler efficiency: 91%;Boiler oil consumption: 650t/h;Burning generates total The grey quantity of slag: 530t/h;Boiler Matter Transfer multiplying power: 3.1;
High-temperature inertial dust collector efficiency of dust collection: 85%;Boiler bottom bed drain purge and ratio: 60t/h;30%;Comprehensive dust remover dedusting Efficiency: 85%;Cold ash discharge amount and ratio: 314t/h;60%;Amount of dust and ratio in smoke evacuation: 56t/h;10%;Dust of discharging fume is dense It spends (namely SCR inlet): 50g/Nm3
The present invention breaks through the Normal practice of conventional fluidization bed, can effectively solve the cooling problem of boiler ash discharge deslagging, and The problem of boiler heating surface and denitrating catalyst abrasion can effectively be alleviated.
Those skilled in the art can carry out various modifications to the present invention and modification, if these modifications and variations are at this Within the scope of invention claim and its equivalent technologies, then these modifications and variations are also within protection scope of the present invention.
The prior art that the content being not described in detail in specification is known to the skilled person.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels, it is characterised in that: vertically including burner hearth, horizontal flue, first Flue, combined dust-eliminating room, the second vertical gas pass and device for cooling ash, the burner hearth are connected with horizontal flue, and horizontal flue and first hangs down Straight flue is connected, and combined dust-eliminating room top is connected with the first vertical gas pass, and lower part is connected with device for cooling ash, and rear is hung down with second Straight flue is connected;The burner hearth is the cavity surrounded by fin panel casing;Horizontal flue, the first vertical gas pass are cold by membrane type vapour Pipe walled at cavity;
The lower furnace portion is equipped with coal feeding pipe and slag-drip opening, and coal feeding pipe, slag-drip opening are connected to cavity pocket of burner hearth, upper furnace cavity It is interior to be equipped with pendant superheater;
High temperature superheater, high temperature reheater are equipped with inside the horizontal flue;
First vertical gas pass top is divided into former and later two exhaust gases passes by partition wall, is equipped with cryogenic overheating in an exhaust gases passes Device, is equipped with low-temperature reheater in another exhaust gases passes, low temperature superheater, low-temperature reheater lower section the first vertical gas pass in It is disposed with high temperature section economizer;
Low-temperature zone economizer is equipped in the device for cooling ash;Drum is equipped with above the burner hearth, the low-temperature zone economizer passes through pipe Road is connected to high temperature section economizer, and high temperature section economizer is connected to by pipeline with drum, and the roof tube of drum and horizontal flue connects Logical, the roof tube of horizontal flue is connected to the pipeline of the cold pipe wall of the vapour of the first vertical gas pass, the cold pipe wall of the vapour of the first vertical gas pass Pipeline be connected to low temperature superheater, low temperature superheater is connected to by pipeline with pendant superheater, and pendant superheater passes through pipeline It is connected to high temperature superheater, high temperature superheater is connected to through external steam turbine high-pressure cylinder with low-temperature reheater, low-temperature reheater warp Piping is connected to high temperature reheater, and high temperature reheater is connected to external Steam Turbine Through IP Admission.
2. the fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the water cooling of the burner hearth It is equipped with lower header below wall, upper collecting chamber is equipped with above the water-cooling wall of burner hearth, the drum is equipped with down-comer, and drum passes through decline Pipe is connected to lower header, and lower header is connected to by water-cooling wall with upper collecting chamber, and upper collecting chamber is connected to by pipeline with drum.
3. the fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the horizontal cigarette High-temperature inertial dust collector board group is equipped with inside road, the high temperature reheater is divided into high temperature section and low-temperature zone two-stage, and the high temperature is used Property deduster board group is arranged between the high temperature section of high temperature reheater and low-temperature zone.
4. the fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the horizontal cigarette Road lower part is equipped with flue-dust retainer, and the aperture of horizontal flue lower plate is simultaneously connected to flue-dust retainer.
5. the fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the lower furnace portion is set There is feed back interface, material returning device is equipped with below the flue-dust retainer, material returning device passes through the feed back orifice of pipeline and burner hearth.
6. the fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: described first hangs down It is staggered between straight flue and the second vertical gas pass, and the first vertical gas pass and the second vertical gas pass are staggered place in comprehensive dust remover It is provided with and catches dirt board group.
7. the fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the burner hearth waist Portion is equipped with secondary air box, and secondary air box is connected to by pipeline with burner hearth.
8. the fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that: the burner hearth bottom is set There is water cooled wind chamber, air distribution plate is equipped between water cooled wind chamber and burner hearth.
9. the fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that: the second vertical cigarette For the assembly of SCR denitration device and air preheater, top is SCR denitration device, and lower section is air preheater, the air Preheater is equipped with a wind inlet, First air outlet, secondary air inlet, Secondary Air outlet and exhanst gas outlet, air preheater First air outlet be connected to water cooled wind chamber, the Secondary Air of air preheater is exported and is connected to secondary air box.
10. the fluidized-bed combustion boiler of usable low calorie fuels as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the device for cooling ash For tower device for cooling ash, device for cooling ash top is set there are two rectangular fluid chamber, and left chamber is Ji Hui cooling chamber, Ji Hui cooling chamber Top is connected with combined dust-eliminating room lower part, and low-temperature zone economizer is disposed in Ji Hui cooling chamber, and right chamber is fume extraction Chamber, fume extraction chamber top are connected to by tubule with the exhanst gas outlet of air preheater, the two chambers lower part of device for cooling ash Connection.
CN201910361895.4A 2019-04-30 2019-04-30 Fluidized bed boiler capable of using low-calorific-value fuel Active CN110220180B (en)

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CN210035446U (en) * 2019-04-30 2020-02-07 中国能源建设集团湖南省电力设计院有限公司 Fluidized bed boiler capable of using low-heat value fuel

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