Numerical control vertical machine tool and method for processing valve body by using same
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of valve body production, in particular to a numerical control vertical machine tool and a method for machining a valve body by applying the numerical control vertical machine tool.
Background
The numerical control vertical machine tool is a common machining device, the machining process of the numerical control vertical machine tool is automatically carried out, a cutter can be automatically replaced, and the production efficiency and the machining precision are high, so that the numerical control vertical machine tool is widely applied to domestic industrial production.
The main shaft of a common numerical control vertical machine tool is vertically arranged, the orientation of the main shaft is not adjustable, a cutter is arranged at the lower end of the main shaft and can rotate along with the main shaft, a clamp used for clamping a workpiece is fixedly arranged below the cutter, and the machine tool is also provided with an X-Y-Z three-axis driving device capable of driving the main shaft and the cutter to move relative to the clamp in a three-axis manner. For a product with parts to be machined concentrated on one surface or two surfaces, the numerical control vertical machine tool can be used for machining the product easily, however, for some valve body workpieces 4 which are complex as shown in fig. 5, almost all six surfaces of the valve body workpieces need to be drilled, tapped and the like, holes to be machined comprise vertical holes 41 and inclined holes 42, if the numerical control vertical machine tool is adopted, multiple clamping is needed for machining and forming, the working efficiency is low, errors accumulated by multiple clamping are large, and the machining precision is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a numerical control vertical machine tool with high working efficiency and high machining precision, which is suitable for machining complex parts, and a method for machining a valve body using the same.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the utility model provides a numerical control vertical machine tool, includes the lathe body, this internal anchor clamps subassembly, cutter unit spare and the actuating mechanism that can drive cutter unit spare for anchor clamps subassembly rotation and triaxial removal that is provided with two sets ofly of lathe, every anchor clamps subassembly of group includes a support frame, is provided with anchor clamps mount pad and the first drive arrangement of drive anchor clamps mount pad pivoted on the support frame, and first drive arrangement is connected with the positioning mechanism that can control anchor clamps mount pad turned angle, is provided with the clamping jaw on the anchor clamps mount pad.
Preferably, the clamping jaw comprises a fixed clamping block, a movable clamping block and a wedge block capable of moving up and down on the clamp mounting seat, a pushing inclined plane is arranged on the wedge block, a pressure bearing inclined plane matched and abutted with the pushing inclined plane is arranged on the movable clamping block, the movable clamping block can be driven to move left and right when moving up and down, and a second driving device for driving the wedge block to move up and down is further arranged on the clamp mounting seat.
Preferably, a guide mechanism for guiding the wedge block is arranged between the movable clamping block and the wedge block.
Preferably, the guide mechanism comprises a first dovetail groove arranged on the pushing inclined surface and a dovetail-shaped projection arranged on the bearing inclined surface and matched with the first dovetail groove.
Preferably, the top of the clamp mounting seat is provided with a working platform, the fixed clamping block and the movable clamping block are both detachably mounted on the working platform, and a positioning structure for positioning a workpiece is arranged between the fixed clamping block and the movable clamping block.
Preferably, the upper surface of the working platform is provided with a guide rail positioned at the left side of the fixed clamping block, the movable clamping block is arranged on the guide rail and can move left and right along the guide rail, a limiting structure for limiting the movable clamping block to be upwards separated from the guide rail is arranged between the guide rail and the movable clamping block, the distance from the right end of the guide rail to the left end of the fixed clamping block is smaller than the left and right width of the movable clamping block, and the distance from the right end of the guide rail to the right end of the fixed clamping block is larger than the left and right width of the movable clamping block.
Preferably, the machine tool body is internally provided with a base, the support frame comprises a first support and a second support which are arranged on the base at intervals, the positioning mechanism comprises a dividing disc which is rotatably arranged on the first support, the first driving device comprises a motor arranged in the first support, the output end of the motor is connected with the dividing disc, the second support is provided with a turntable, and the clamp mounting seat is arranged between the turntable and the dividing disc.
The method for machining the valve body by using the numerical control vertical machine tool comprises the following steps:
firstly, clamping once, namely taking a valve body workpiece, and loading the valve body workpiece into a first group of clamp assemblies, so that the left side and the right side of the valve body workpiece are clamped by clamping jaws of the first group of clamp assemblies;
secondly, processing the structure at the top of the valve body workpiece, starting a machine tool to enable the cutter assembly to work, and processing the structure at the top of the valve body workpiece;
thirdly, processing the structures of the front side and the rear side of the valve body workpiece,
the method for processing the front side structure of the valve body workpiece comprises the following steps: rotating the clamp mounting seat until the front side of the valve body workpiece faces upwards, and then working the cutter assembly to process the structure on the front side of the valve body workpiece;
the method for processing the rear side structure of the valve body workpiece comprises the following steps: rotating the clamp mounting seat until the rear side of the valve body workpiece faces upwards, and then continuing to work the cutter assembly to process the structure on the rear side of the valve body workpiece;
fourthly, secondary clamping, namely taking the valve body workpiece from the first group of clamp assemblies, and loading the valve body workpiece into the second group of clamp assemblies, so that the bottom of the valve body workpiece faces upwards, and the front side and the rear side of the valve body workpiece are clamped by clamping jaws of the second group of clamp assemblies;
fifthly, processing the structure at the bottom of the valve body workpiece, starting the machine tool to enable the cutter assembly to work, and processing the structure at the top of the valve body workpiece;
sixthly, processing structures on the left side and the right side of the valve body workpiece,
the method for processing the left structure of the valve body workpiece comprises the following steps: rotating the clamp mounting seat until the left side of the valve body workpiece faces upwards, and then working the cutter assembly to process the structure on the left side of the valve body workpiece;
the method for processing the right structure of the valve body workpiece comprises the following steps: and rotating the clamp mounting seat until the right side of the valve body workpiece faces upwards, and then continuing to work by the cutter assembly to process the structure on the right side of the valve body workpiece.
Preferably, after the second step is completed and before the fourth step is started, the inclined structure on the valve body workpiece is machined, and the machining method comprises the following steps: and rotating the clamp mounting seat until the valve body workpiece faces upwards in an inclined mode, and then enabling the cutter assembly to work to process an inclined structure at a corresponding position on the valve body workpiece.
Preferably, after the step five is completed, the inclined structure on the valve body workpiece is machined, and the machining method comprises the following steps: and rotating the clamp mounting seat until the valve body workpiece faces upwards in an inclined mode, and then enabling the cutter assembly to work to process an inclined structure at a corresponding position on the valve body workpiece.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the numerical control vertical machine tool provided by the invention can machine and form complex parts with more hole sites such as valve body workpieces and the like only by clamping twice, has high working efficiency and low machining precision, and has lower cost and strong practicability compared with numerical control machining equipment adopting multi-shaft linkage.
The fixed clamping block and the movable clamping block are convenient to detach and replace, and the fixed clamping block and the movable clamping block can be used for machining other workpieces after being replaced, so that the applicability is wide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of two sets of clamp assemblies and a base of the present invention in an operative condition;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a set of gripper assemblies of the present invention in an operative condition;
fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 2;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a set of gripper assemblies of the present invention in an operative condition;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a valve body workpiece;
fig. 6 is a perspective view of the valve body workpiece after the machining drawing is formed.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, an embodiment of the invention provides a numerical control vertical machine tool, which comprises a machine tool body, wherein a clamp assembly, a cutter assembly and a driving mechanism capable of driving the cutter assembly to rotate relative to the clamp assembly and move in three axes are arranged in the machine tool body. The tool for machining in the tool assembly is directed downwards and directly above the clamp assembly, and the machine body, the tool assembly and the drive mechanism are all well-established technology and therefore not shown in the drawings.
The fixture assembly is provided with two sets, and every group fixture assembly includes a support frame 1, is provided with anchor clamps mount pad 2 and the first drive arrangement of drive fixture mount pad 2 pivoted on the support frame 1, and first drive arrangement is connected with the positioning mechanism that can control 2 turned angle of anchor clamps mount pad, is provided with the clamping jaw on the anchor clamps mount pad 2.
The method for processing the valve body comprises the following steps:
firstly, clamping once, namely loading a valve body workpiece 4 formed by forging into a first group of clamp assemblies, so that the left side and the right side of the valve body workpiece 4 are clamped by clamping jaws of the first group of clamp assemblies;
secondly, processing the structure at the top of the valve body workpiece 4, starting a machine tool to enable the cutter assembly to work, and processing the structure at the top of the valve body workpiece 4;
step three, processing the front side and the rear side of the valve body workpiece 4, wherein the method for processing the front side structure of the valve body workpiece 4 comprises the following steps: rotating the clamp mounting seat 2 until the front side of the valve body workpiece 4 faces upwards, and then working the cutter assembly to process the structure on the front side of the valve body workpiece 4; the method for processing the rear side structure of the valve body workpiece 4 comprises the following steps: rotating the clamp mounting seat 2 until the rear side of the valve body workpiece 4 faces upwards, and then continuing to work by the cutter assembly to process the structure on the rear side of the valve body workpiece 4;
step four, secondary clamping, namely taking the valve body workpiece 4 subjected to primary clamping processing from the first group of fixture components, and loading the valve body workpiece 4 into a second group of fixture components, so that the bottom of the valve body workpiece 4 faces upwards, and the front side and the rear side of the valve body workpiece 4 are clamped by clamping jaws of the second group of fixture components;
fifthly, processing the structure at the bottom of the valve body workpiece 4, starting a machine tool to enable the cutter assembly to work, and processing the structure at the top of the valve body workpiece 4;
sixthly, processing structures on the left side and the right side of the valve body workpiece 4, wherein the method for processing the structure on the left side of the valve body workpiece 4 comprises the following steps: rotating the clamp mounting seat 2 until the left side of the valve body workpiece 4 faces upwards, and then working the cutter assembly to process the structure on the left side of the valve body workpiece 4; the method for processing the right structure of the valve body workpiece 4 comprises the following steps: and rotating the clamp mounting seat 2 until the right side of the valve body workpiece 4 faces upwards, and then continuing to work by the cutter assembly to process the structure on the right side of the valve body workpiece 4.
In the above-described machining method, the machining of the six side surfaces of the valve body workpiece 4 is mainly performed by drilling, grooving, plane milling, tapping, and the like.
Further, for some valve body workpieces 4, the front side, the top or the rear side thereof is also provided with inclined structures such as inclined holes, inclined grooves, inclined planes and the like. Therefore, when such a valve body workpiece is machined, a step is added, namely: after the second step is completed and before the fourth step is started, the fixture mounting seat 2 is rotated until the valve body workpiece 4 is obliquely upward, and then the cutter assembly works to machine an inclined structure at a corresponding position on the valve body workpiece 4. Of course, inclined structures such as inclined holes, inclined grooves, inclined planes and the like may be provided on the left side, the right side or the bottom of the valve body workpiece 4, and the processing method for these inclined structures is as follows: after the fifth step is completed, the fixture mounting seat 2 is rotated until the valve body workpiece 4 is obliquely upward, and then the tool assembly works to machine an inclined structure at a corresponding position on the valve body workpiece 4.
In conclusion, the numerical control vertical machine tool provided by the invention can machine and form complex parts with more hole sites, such as the valve body workpiece 4 and the like, only by clamping twice, has high working efficiency and low machining precision, has lower cost compared with numerical control machining equipment adopting multi-shaft linkage, and is more suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the clamping jaw includes a fixed clamping block 51, a movable clamping block 52 and a wedge block 53 capable of moving up and down on the clamp mounting seat 2, the wedge block 53 is provided with an ejection inclined surface 531, one side of the movable clamping block 52 departing from the fixed clamping block 51 is provided with a pressure-bearing inclined surface 521 matched and abutted with the ejection inclined surface 531, and the inclination angles of the ejection inclined surface 531 and the pressure-bearing inclined surface 521 are equal. The structure enables the movable clamping block 52 to be driven to move left and right when the wedge block 53 moves up and down, and the clamp mounting seat 2 is further provided with a second driving device 50 for driving the wedge block 53 to move up and down. Preferably, the second driving device 50 is a cylinder fixed below the jig mount 2, and an output end of the cylinder is connected to the wedge block 53.
Further, a guide mechanism for guiding the wedge block 53 is provided between the movable clamp block 52 and the wedge block 53.
Alternatively, the guide mechanism includes a first dovetail groove 532 disposed on the ejector slope 531, and a dovetail protrusion 522 disposed on the bearing slope 521 and engaged with the first dovetail groove 532. By the design, the relative movement between the wedge-shaped block 53 and the movable clamping block 52 can be smoothly and accurately carried out, and the relative sliding between the wedge-shaped block 53 and the movable clamping block 52 in the front-back direction caused by the vibration generated when the workpiece 4 is machined is avoided.
For different workpieces 4, the positioning structures on the fixed clamping block 51 and the movable clamping block 52 are different, so that the fixed clamping block 51 and the movable clamping block 52 need to be replaced before being used for processing other workpieces 4.
Referring to fig. 3, in order to make the present invention suitable for processing different workpieces 4, a working platform 21 is disposed on the top of the fixture mounting base 2, both the fixed clamping block 51 and the movable clamping block 52 are detachably mounted on the working platform 21, and a positioning structure for positioning the workpieces, such as a positioning groove, a positioning hole, a positioning pin, etc., is disposed between the fixed clamping block 51 and the movable clamping block 52.
Further, the upper surface of the working platform 21 is provided with a guide rail 22 located on the left of the fixed clamping block 51, the movable clamping block 52 is arranged on the guide rail 22 and can move left and right along the guide rail 22, a limiting structure for limiting the upward separation of the movable clamping block 52 from the guide rail 22 is arranged between the guide rail 22 and the movable clamping block 52, the distance from the right end of the guide rail 22 to the left end of the fixed clamping block 51 is smaller than the left and right width of the movable clamping block 52, and the distance from the right end of the guide rail 22 to the right end of the fixed clamping block 51 is larger than the left and right width of the movable clamping block 52. In such a design, the left side of the guide rail 22 is provided with other structures for limiting the disengagement of the clamping blocks, and when the fixed clamping block 51 is not detached yet, the movable clamping block 52 cannot be detached by sliding rightward along the guide rail 22 due to the limiting effect of the fixed clamping block 51 on the movable clamping block 52; after the fixed clamping block 51 is disassembled, the limiting function of the fixed clamping block 51 is released, at the moment, the movable clamping block 52 can be disassembled by moving the movable clamping block 52 rightwards along the slide rail, and then other clamping blocks are replaced. In the process of replacing the clamping block, only the fixed clamping block 51 needs to be screwed, so that the operation is very convenient and fast.
Optionally, the guide rail 22 is a dovetail-shaped guide rail 22, the bottom of the movable clamping block 52 is provided with a second dovetail groove 523 matched with the dovetail-shaped guide rail 22, and the limiting structure comprises protruding parts on two sides of the dovetail-shaped guide rail 22.
Referring to fig. 1, a base 8 is arranged in a machine tool body, a support frame 1 comprises a first support 11 and a second support 12 which are arranged on the base 8 at intervals, a positioning mechanism comprises a dividing disc 7 which is rotatably arranged on the first support 11, a first driving device comprises a motor which is arranged inside the first support 11, the output end of the motor is connected with the dividing disc 7, a rotary disc 3 is arranged on the second support 12, and a clamp mounting seat 2 is arranged between the rotary disc 3 and the dividing disc 7.