CN110216276A - A kind of powder metallurgy alumina-base material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of powder metallurgy alumina-base material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110216276A CN110216276A CN201910477614.1A CN201910477614A CN110216276A CN 110216276 A CN110216276 A CN 110216276A CN 201910477614 A CN201910477614 A CN 201910477614A CN 110216276 A CN110216276 A CN 110216276A
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- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 213
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 20
- CSDQQAQKBAQLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1C(C=CS2)=C2CCN1 CSDQQAQKBAQLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 150000001669 calcium Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001250 2024 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000551 Silumin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 after mixing Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013350 formula milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009702 powder compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020610 powder formula Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
- B22F3/1125—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers involving a foaming process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of powder metallurgy alumina-base material, raw material powder includes the hydrogenation calcium powder that mass percent is 0.01%~10%, and surplus is aluminum substrate powder, and the aluminum substrate powder is aluminium elemental powders or Al alloy powder or aluminum matrix composite powder.The invention further relates to the preparation method for being used to prepare this kind of powder metallurgy alumina-base material, include the following steps that (a) mixes powder；(b) it shapes；(c) it is sintered；(d) it is heat-treated.This kind of powder metallurgy alumina-base material sintering warpage amount is smaller；This kind of preparation method simple process, production efficiency are higher, are applicable in and produce in enormous quantities.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of powder metallurgy more particularly to a kind of powder metallurgy alumina-base material and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Aluminium alloy is the light material of a kind of low-density, high specific strength, and aluminium alloy is conducive to after replacing iron-based, copper-based element
Mitigate self weight, energy-saving and emission-reduction, aluminium alloy has obtained in fields such as aerospace, automobile, machine-building, ship, chemical industry
It widely applies.For example, the crossbeam of supersonic fighterplane, high-pressure cylinder, vehicle cantilever component, the blade of engine, casing and cylinder
Aluminium alloy is widely used in set, automobile engine and gearbox part etc..However, many parts do not require nothing more than lightweight and preferable
Mechanical property, such as hardness, intensity, wearability, thermal expansion coefficient, mechanical behavior under high temperature, and more demanding dimensional accuracy.
Especially constitutional detail, it is high to dimension precision requirement such as the transmission mechanism part of gearbox.This manufacture to aluminum alloy part
Precision proposes higher requirement.
Powder metallurgical technique energy-saving material-saving, near-net-shape are a kind of green manufacture technologies, are suitble to large-scale production.Powder
The advantage of metallurgical aluminum alloy part combining powder metallurgy and aluminium alloy, has enough mechanical properties, can partially replace traditional
Iron-based, copper-based element is conducive to push lightweight development.But the characteristic of aluminum alloy melt phase sintering causes its sintering warpage tighter
Weight, often solves the problems, such as sintering warpage with mold design in field of powder metallurgy at present；But the sintering warpage of aluminium alloy has
Inhomogeneities and randomness, it is difficult to be eliminated by mold design.Sintering warpage is that the key technology of powder metallurgy alumina-base material is difficult
One of topic, seriously hinders its mass production.Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of powder that the sintering warpage can be solved the problems, such as using other methods
Last metallurgy alumina-base material and preparation method thereof.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to the status for the prior art, to provide a kind of sintering warpage amount lesser
Powder metallurgy alumina-base material.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide one kind for the status of the prior art and be used to prepare
Simple process, the production efficiency for stating powder metallurgy alumina-base material are higher, are applicable in the preparation method produced in enormous quantities.
The technical scheme of the invention to solve the technical problem is: this kind of powder metallurgy alumina-base material, raw material powder
End includes the hydrogenation calcium powder that mass percent is 0.01%~10%, and surplus is aluminum substrate powder, and the aluminum substrate powder is
Aluminium elemental powders or Al alloy powder or aluminum matrix composite powder.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the hydrogenation calcium powder is 1%~5.5%.
Preferably, the purity of the hydrogenation calcium powder is 85%-99%.
A kind of preparation method being used to prepare above-mentioned powder metallurgy alumina-base material, comprising the following steps:
(a) it mixes powder: being uniformly mixed to obtain raw material powder with hydrogenation calcium powder by aluminum substrate powder according to component proportion；
(b) it shapes: by powder pressing obtained by step (a), obtaining green body；
(c) it is sintered: the green body obtained by step (2) being sintered under protective atmosphere, obtain sintered part；
(d) it is heat-treated: the resulting sintered part of step (c) being successively subjected to solution treatment and artificial aging is heat-treated；
For the sintered part be pure aluminum substrate or heat treatment can not strengthen alloy matrix aluminum without step
(d)。
Preferably, protective atmosphere N2, H2Or Ar atmosphere.
Preferably, the sintering temperature of step (c) sintering is 550~660 DEG C, and soaking time is 5~60min, into one
Preferably, cooling time is 0.5~3h to step.
Preferably, the solid solubility temperature of the step (d) is 450~580 DEG C, and solution time is 0.5~6h, artificial aging temperature
Degree be 100~200 DEG C, the artificial aging time be 3~for 24 hours.
For the ease of demoulding and shaping, during the mixed powder of step (a), lubricant is added in Xiang Suoshu raw material powder,
The mass fraction that the lubricant accounts for the raw material powder is 0.5%~2%.Lubricant can choose stearic acid lubricant or
Paraffin and other common lubricants.The addition manner of lubricant mixes for hand mix or mixing machine, wherein preferably,
Ball mill, V-type blender, cone blender, fat formula mixer, any one in ribbon mixer are selected in mixing machine mixing
Mixing machine is mixed.
Lubricant influences composite material in order to prevent, first dewaxes to the green body before the sintering of the step (c)
Processing, dewaxing temperature are 350~450 DEG C, and the dewaxing time is 20~50min.
Preferably, the average particle size of the aluminum substrate powder of the step (a) is 30~100 μm, the hydrogenation calcium powder
Average particle size is 0.1~100 μm.It is further preferred that aluminum substrate powder mean particle sizes are 60~80 μm in step (a), hydrogenation
Calcium powder average particle size is 1~45 μm,
Preferably, the mixing of the step (a) is mixed using ball mill, and drum's speed of rotation is 70~150r/min, ball milling
Time is 6~14h.It is further preferred that the drum's speed of rotation is 90~130r/min, Ball-milling Time is 8~12h.
Preferably, in step (b) raw material powder compression moulding mode use die forming, forming pressure be 150~
500MPa。
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: in aluminum base powder metallurgy formula calcium hydride is added, it can be significant
Reduce sintering warpage, size after stable sintering helps to maintain near-net-shape advantage.Cause many because being known as of sintering warpage,
Hydrogen can be discharged at high temperature by being properly added calcium hydride, removed the oxygen in sintered blank, advantageously formed good sintering neck, avoid
Bad sintering bring sintering warpage.Secondly, calcium hydride discharges hydrogen as temperature increases, appropriately weaken sintering liquid phase pair
The wetting of solid particle reduces influencing each other for liquid phase and solid particle skeleton, reduces sintering warpage to a certain extent.Separately
Outside, calcium activated is left after the calcium hydride dehydrogenation of addition, certain solution strengthening and second-phase strength can be formed to aluminum substrate, it can also
The mechanical property of sintered part is improved to a certain extent.The cost of a small amount of addition calcium hydride is not also high, and the mode of addition is more simple
It is single, it is suitable for batch production；
The present invention is solved from the angle of raw material powder formula by improving the component proportion of powder metallurgy alumina-base material
Sintering warpage problem when aluminium alloy is prepared using powder metallurgy process, this method is not necessarily to carry out production equipment and technique
It is significantly transformed, use is more convenient, and cost is relatively low, and generation efficiency with higher, is able to carry out mass production, adopts
Solves the technical problem of long-standing aluminium alloy sinters deformation with easy method.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the microscopic appearance figure of calcium hydride particle in the embodiment of the present invention 3；
Fig. 2 is the fracture apperance figure of sintered part in the embodiment of the present invention 6；
Fig. 3 is the microscopic appearance figure of mixed-powder in the embodiment of the present invention 9.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment is illustrated the preparation method of powder metallurgy alumina-base material, specifically includes by taking pure aluminum substrate as an example
Following steps:
(1) mix powder: by the aluminium elemental powders that average grain diameter is 60 μm be 45 μm with average grain diameter hydrogenation calcium powder with grinding
Alms bowl ground and mixed is uniform, obtains raw material powder, wherein mass fraction of the hydrogenation calcium powder in raw material powder is 0.05%, surplus
For aluminium elemental powders.Step hydrogenation calcium powder used can preferably purity be 99%.
(2) it shapes: powder obtained by step (1) is subjected to die forming, pressing pressure 150MPa, dwell time 15s.
(3) it is sintered: being sintered using tube furnace, sintering protective atmosphere is high-purity N 2, and sintering temperature is 650 DEG C, sintered heat insulating
Time is 60min, furnace cooling after heat preservation.The sintering environment of the step can be preferably oxygen content lower than 10ppm, dew point
Lower than -40 DEG C.
By test, intensity is 68MPa after the fine aluminium powder sintering of not plus hydrogenated calcium powder, and sintering warpage amount is up to 3%；Fine aluminium
After 0.05% hydrogenation calcium powder is added in powder, the intensity of powder metallurgy alumina-base material made of sintering is 71MPa, sintering warpage amount
It is 2.96%.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is illustrated the preparation method of powder metallurgy alumina-base material by taking 2014 alloy matrix aluminums as an example, tool
Body the following steps are included:
(1) powder is mixed: by 2014 Al alloy powders that average grain diameter is 78 μm and the hydrogenation calcium powder that average grain diameter is 10 μm
It is mixed to get raw material powder, raw material powder ball milling 10h on the planetary ball mill that revolving speed is 110r/min is uniformly mixed, wherein
Hydrogenating mass fraction of the calcium powder in raw material powder is 4%, and surplus is 2014 Al alloy powders.The step is used to hydrogenate calcium powder
Last preferably purity is 92%.
(2) it shapes: utilizing V-type blender, be the mass fraction for accounting for raw material powder will be mixed into powder obtained by step (1)
The zinc stearate of 0.5wt% is as lubricant, after mixing, powder is carried out die forming, pressing pressure 400MPa is protected
The pressure time is 20s；
(3) it is sintered: being sintered using net belt type continuous oven, sintering protective atmosphere is high-purity N 2, and dewaxing temperature is 350 DEG C, is taken off
The wax time is 30min；Sintering temperature is 595 DEG C, and the sintered heat insulating time is 40min, furnace cooling after heat preservation, control cooling
Speed makes to be down to room temperature in 2h, obtains sintered part.The sintering environment of step sintering can be preferably that oxygen content is lower than
10ppm, dew point are lower than -40 DEG C.
(4) it being heat-treated: above-mentioned sintered part is successively carried out to solid solution and artificial aging heat treatment, solid solubility temperature is 510 DEG C, Gu
The molten time is 1h, and artificial aging temperature is 180 DEG C, and the artificial aging time is 15h.
And by test, intensity is 235MPa after the 2014 Al alloy powders sintering of not plus hydrogenated calcium powder, and deflection reaches
To 1.63%；After 4% hydrogenation calcium powder is added in 2014 Al alloy powders, 2014 aluminium of metallurgy of calcium hydride modified powder made of sintering
The intensity of alloy material is 217MPa, deflection 0.45%.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment is illustrated the preparation method of powder metallurgy alumina-base material by taking 7039 alloy matrix aluminums as an example, tool
Body the following steps are included:
(1) powder is mixed: by 7039 Al alloy powders that average grain diameter is 45 μm and the hydrogenation calcium powder that average grain diameter is 16 μm
It is mixed to get raw material powder, raw material powder ball milling 6h on the planetary ball mill that revolving speed is 70r/min is uniformly mixed, wherein hydrogen
Changing mass fraction of the calcium powder in raw material powder is 0.01%, and surplus is 7039 Al alloy powders.Calcium hydride used in the step
Powder can preferably purity be 99%.
(2) it shapes: utilizing ribbon mixer, the mass fraction for accounting for raw material powder will be mixed into powder obtained by step (1)
For 0.8% zinc stearate as lubricant, after mixing, powder is subjected to die forming, pressing pressure 180MPa is protected
The pressure time is 15s；
(3) it is sintered: being sintered using net belt type continuous oven, sintering protective atmosphere is high-purity N 2, and dewaxing temperature is 350 DEG C, is taken off
The wax time is 22min；Sintering temperature is 550 DEG C, and the sintered heat insulating time is 5min, furnace cooling after heat preservation, control cooling
Speed makes to be down to room temperature in 0.5h, obtains sintered part.The sintering environment of step sintering can be preferably that oxygen content is lower than
10ppm, dew point are lower than -40 DEG C.
(4) it being heat-treated: above-mentioned sintered part is successively carried out to solid solution and artificial aging heat treatment, solid solubility temperature is 450 DEG C, Gu
The molten time is 0.8h, and artificial aging temperature is 150 DEG C, and the artificial aging time is 3h.
By test, intensity is 134MPa after the 7039 Al alloy powders sintering of not plus hydrogenated calcium powder, and deflection is reachable
0.75%；After 0.01% hydrogenation calcium powder is added in 7039 Al alloy powders, calcium hydride modified powder metallurgy 7039 made of sintering
The intensity of aluminum alloy materials is 115MPa, and deflection reaches 0.61%.
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment is illustrated the preparation method of powder metallurgy alumina-base material by taking 6061 alloy matrix aluminums as an example, tool
Body the following steps are included:
(1) powder is mixed: by 6061 Al alloy powders that average grain diameter is 80 μm and the hydrogenation calcium powder that average grain diameter is 0.1 μm
It is mixed to get raw material powder, wherein the mass fraction that hydrogenation calcium powder accounts for raw material powder is 2%, surplus is 6061 Al alloy powders
End.Raw material powder ball milling 8h, 0.5h before ball milling terminates on the planetary ball mill that revolving speed is 120r/min, to raw material powder
Middle add accounts for stearic acid that the mass fraction of raw material powder is 1.5% as lubricant, after ball milling, acquisition mixed-powder.
Step hydrogenation calcium powder used can preferably purity be 95%.
(2) it shapes: powder obtained by step (1) is subjected to die forming, pressing pressure 200MPa, dwell time 10s.
(3) it is sintered: being sintered using push-down continuous oven, sintering protective atmosphere is high-purity N 2, and the oxygen content for being sintered environment is low
In 10ppm, dew point is lower than -40 DEG C, and dewaxing temperature is 450 DEG C, and the dewaxing time is 20min；Sintering temperature is 590 DEG C, and sintering is protected
The warm time is 60min, and furnace cooling after heat preservation, controlling cooling velocity makes to be down to room temperature in 3h, obtains sintered part.The step
Rapid sintering environment is preferably oxygen content lower than 10ppm, and dew point is lower than -40 DEG C.
(4) it being heat-treated: above-mentioned sintered part is successively carried out to solid solution and artificial aging heat treatment, solid solubility temperature is 580 DEG C, Gu
The molten time is 0.5h；Artificial aging temperature is 160 DEG C, and the artificial aging time is for 24 hours.
By test, intensity is 127MPa after the 6061 Al alloy powders sintering of not plus hydrogenated calcium powder, and deflection is reachable
1.58%；After 2% hydrogenation calcium powder is added in 6061 Al alloy powders, 6061 aluminium of metallurgy of calcium hydride modified powder made of sintering are closed
The intensity of golden material is 109MPa, and deflection reaches 0.57%.
Embodiment 5:
The present embodiment is illustrated the preparation method of powder metallurgy alumina-base material by taking 6061 alloy matrix aluminums as an example, tool
Body the following steps are included:
(1) powder is mixed: by 6061 Al alloy powders that average grain diameter is 75 μm and the hydrogenation calcium powder that average grain diameter is 35 μm
It is mixed to get raw material powder, wherein the mass fraction that hydrogenation calcium powder accounts for raw material powder is 10%, surplus is 6061 Al alloy powders
End.Raw material powder ball milling 13h, 0.5h before ball milling terminates on the planetary ball mill that revolving speed is 150r/min, to raw material powder
Addition accounts for stearic acid that the mass fraction of raw material powder is 1.8% as lubricant in end, after ball milling, acquisition mixed powder
End.Step hydrogenation calcium powder used can preferably purity be 85%.
(2) it shapes: powder obtained by step (1) is subjected to die forming, pressing pressure 350MPa, dwell time 25s.
(3) it is sintered: being sintered using push-down continuous oven, sintering protective atmosphere is high-purity N 2, and the oxygen content for being sintered environment is low
In 10ppm, dew point is lower than -40 DEG C, and dewaxing temperature is 370 DEG C, and the dewaxing time is 45min；Sintering temperature is 660 DEG C, and sintering is protected
The warm time is 55min, and furnace cooling after heat preservation, controlling cooling velocity makes to be down to room temperature in 2.5h, obtains sintered part.It should
The sintering environment of step is preferably oxygen content lower than 10ppm, and dew point is lower than -40 DEG C.
(4) it being heat-treated: above-mentioned sintered part is successively carried out to solid solution and artificial aging heat treatment, solid solubility temperature is 550 DEG C, Gu
The molten time is 3.5h；Artificial aging temperature is 200 DEG C, and the artificial aging time is 15h.
By test, intensity is 193MPa after the 6061 Al alloy powders sintering of not plus hydrogenated calcium powder, and deflection reaches
1.96%；After 10% hydrogenation calcium powder is added in 6061 Al alloy powders, 6061 aluminium of metallurgy of calcium hydride modified powder made of sintering
The intensity of alloy material is 198MPa, and deflection reaches 1.03%.
Embodiment 6:
The present embodiment is illustrated the preparation method of powder metallurgy alumina-base material by taking 7075 alloy matrix aluminums as an example, tool
Body the following steps are included:
(1) powder is mixed: by 7075 Al alloy powders that average grain diameter is 100 μm and the hydrogenation calcium powder that average grain diameter is 1 μm
Mixing obtains raw material powder, and wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogenation calcium powder in raw material powder is 7%, and surplus is 7075 Al alloy powders
End.Raw material powder ball milling 14h, 0.5h before ball milling terminates on the planetary ball mill that revolving speed is 110r/min, to raw material powder
Addition accounts for paraffin that the mass fraction of raw material powder is 2% as lubricant in end, after ball milling, obtains mixed-powder.It should
Step hydrogenation calcium powder used can preferably purity be 95%.
(2) it shapes: powder obtained by step (1) is subjected to die forming, pressing pressure 450MPa, dwell time 30s.
(3) it is sintered: being sintered using push-down continuous oven, sintering protective atmosphere is high-purity N 2, and dewaxing temperature is 350 DEG C, is taken off
The wax time is 50min；Sintering temperature is 620 DEG C, and the sintered heat insulating time is 30min, furnace cooling after heat preservation, control cooling
Speed makes to be down to room temperature in 3h, obtains sintered part.The sintering environment of step sintering can be preferably that oxygen content is lower than
10ppm, dew point are lower than -40 DEG C.As shown in Fig. 2, the sintered part section of metallurgical 7075 aluminum alloy materials of calcium hydride modified powder is tough
Nest is obvious, shows that sintered part realizes good metallurgical bonding, mechanical performance with higher.
(4) it being heat-treated: above-mentioned sintered part is successively carried out to solid solution and artificial aging heat treatment, solid solubility temperature is 460 DEG C, Gu
The molten time is 6h, and artificial aging temperature is 100 DEG C, and the artificial aging time is 8h.
By test, intensity is 241MPa after the 7075 Al alloy powders sintering of not plus hydrogenated calcium powder, and deflection is reachable
1.70%；After 7% hydrogenation calcium powder is added in 7075 Al alloy powders, 7075 aluminium of metallurgy of calcium hydride modified powder made of sintering are closed
The intensity of golden material is 243MPa, and deflection reaches 0.84%.
Embodiment 7:
The present embodiment by taking silumin 4A11 alloy matrix aluminum as an example, to the preparation method of powder metallurgy alumina-base material into
Row explanation, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) powder is mixed: the hydrogenation calcium powder for being 100 μm with average grain diameter by the 4A11 Al alloy powder that average grain diameter is 30 μm
It is mixed to get raw material powder, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogenation calcium powder in raw material powder is 0.1%, and surplus is 4A11 aluminium alloy
Powder.Raw material powder ball milling 7h, 0.5h before ball milling terminates on the planetary ball mill that revolving speed is 130r/min, to raw material powder
Addition accounts for the mass fraction of raw material powder as 1.5% stearic acid in end, after ball milling, obtains mixed-powder.The step institute
It can preferably purity be 98% with hydrogenation calcium powder.
(2) it shapes: powder obtained by step (1) is subjected to die forming, pressing pressure 250MPa, dwell time 10s.
(3) it is sintered: being sintered using tube furnace, sintering protective atmosphere is high-purity N 2, and dewaxing temperature is 400 DEG C, dewaxing
Time is 35min；Sintering temperature is 610 DEG C, and the sintered heat insulating time is 50min, and furnace cooling after heat preservation controls cooling speed
Degree makes to be down to room temperature in 1h, obtains sintered part.The sintering environment of step sintering can be preferably that oxygen content is lower than 10ppm,
Dew point is lower than -40 DEG C.
(4) it being heat-treated: above-mentioned sintered part is successively carried out to solid solution and artificial aging heat treatment, solid solubility temperature is 525 DEG C, Gu
The molten time is 1.5h, and artificial aging temperature is 175 DEG C, and the artificial aging time is 10h.
By test, intensity is 186MPa after the 4A11 Al alloy powder sintering of not plus hydrogenated calcium powder, and deflection is reachable
2.10%；After 0.1% hydrogenation calcium powder is added in 4A11 Al alloy powder, calcium hydride modified powder metallurgy 4A11 aluminium made of sintering
The intensity of alloy material is 178MPa, and deflection reaches 1.32%.
Embodiment 8:
The present embodiment carries out the preparation method of powder metallurgy alumina-base material by taking silumin Al-10Si matrix as an example
Illustrate, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) powder is mixed: the hydrogenation calcium powder for being 62 μm with average grain diameter by the Al-10Si Al alloy powder that average grain diameter is 50 μm
End is mixed to get raw material powder, and wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogenation calcium powder in raw material powder is 5.5%, surplus Al-10Si
Al alloy powder.Raw material powder ball milling 12h, 0.5h before ball milling terminates on the planetary ball mill that revolving speed is 90r/min, to
Addition accounts for paraffin that the mass fraction of raw material powder is 1.5% as lubricant in raw material powder, after ball milling, is mixed
Powder.Step hydrogenation calcium powder used can preferably purity be 90%.
(2) it shapes: powder obtained by step (1) is subjected to die forming, pressing pressure 250MPa, dwell time 10s.
(3) it is sintered: being sintered using net belt type continuous oven, sintering protective atmosphere is high-purity N 2, and dewaxing temperature is 380 DEG C, is taken off
The wax time is 40min；Sintering temperature is 595 DEG C, and the sintered heat insulating time is 45min, furnace cooling after heat preservation, control cooling
Speed makes to be down to room temperature in 3h, obtains sintered part.The sintering environment of step sintering can be preferably that oxygen content is lower than
10ppm, dew point are lower than -40 DEG C.
(4) it being heat-treated: above-mentioned sintered part is successively carried out to solid solution and artificial aging heat treatment, solid solubility temperature is 520 DEG C, Gu
The molten time is 2h, and artificial aging temperature is 170 DEG C, and the artificial aging time is 10h.
By test, intensity is 130MPa after the Al-10Si Al alloy powder sintering of not plus hydrogenated calcium powder, and deflection is reachable
1.89%；After 5.5% hydrogenation calcium powder is added in Al-10Si Al alloy powder, calcium hydride modified powder metallurgy Al- made of sintering
The intensity of 10Si aluminum alloy materials is 112MPa, and deflection reaches 1.25%.
Embodiment 9:
The present embodiment is by taking the Al2O3-2024 aluminum matrix composite matrix that ceramic particle enhances as an example, to powder metallurgy aluminium base
The preparation method of material is illustrated, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) mix powder: by average grain diameter be 85 μm Al2O3-2024 aluminum matrix composite powder and average grain diameter be 15 μm
Hydrogenation calcium powder mixing obtain raw material powder, wherein in raw material powder hydrogenation calcium powder mass fraction be 1.5%, surplus
For Al2O3-2024 aluminum matrix composite powder.Raw material powder ball milling 9h on the planetary ball mill that revolving speed is 100r/min,
The 0.5h before ball milling terminates, the zinc stearate that addition accounts for that the mass fraction of raw material powder is 1% into raw material powder are used as lubrication
Agent after ball milling, obtains mixed-powder.As shown in Figure 3, it is seen that Al2O3-2024 aluminum-based powder mixes with hydrogenation calcium powder
It is even.Step hydrogenation calcium powder used can preferably purity be 99%.
(2) it shapes: powder obtained by step (1) is subjected to die forming, pressing pressure 300MPa, dwell time 20s.
(3) it is sintered: being sintered using net belt type continuous oven, sintering protective atmosphere is high-purity N 2, and dewaxing temperature is 440 DEG C, is taken off
The wax time is 25min；Sintering temperature is 580 DEG C, and the sintered heat insulating time is 40min, furnace cooling after heat preservation, control cooling
Speed makes to be down to room temperature in 2h, obtains sintered part.The sintering environment of step sintering can be preferably that oxygen content is lower than
10ppm, dew point are lower than -40 DEG C.
(4) it is heat-treated: above-mentioned sintered part being subjected to solid solution and artificial aging is heat-treated, solid solubility temperature is 490 DEG C, when solid solution
Between be 1h, artificial aging temperature be 190 DEG C, the artificial aging time be 20h.
By test, intensity is 226MPa after the Al2O3-2024 powder sintering of not plus hydrogenated calcium powder, and deflection is reachable
1.50%；After 1.5% hydrogenation calcium powder is added in Al2O3-2024 powder, calcium hydride Modification on Al 2O3-2024 aluminium base made of sintering
The intensity of composite material is 174MPa, and deflection reaches 0.59%.
Embodiment 10:
Preparation of the present embodiment for being heat-treated 3003 alloy matrix aluminums that can not strengthen, to powder metallurgy alumina-base material
Method is illustrated, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) powder is mixed: by 3003 Al alloy powders that average grain diameter is 70 μm and the hydrogenation calcium powder that average grain diameter is 70 μm
Mixing obtains raw material powder, and wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogenation calcium powder in raw material powder is 1%, and surplus is 3003 Al alloy powders
End.Raw material powder ball milling 12h, 0.5h before ball milling terminates on the planetary ball mill that revolving speed is 90r/min, to raw material powder
Middle add accounts for paraffin that the mass fraction of raw material powder is 1.5% as lubricant, after ball milling, obtains mixed-powder.It should
Step hydrogenation calcium powder used can preferably purity be 95%.
(2) it shapes: die forming, pressing pressure 500MPa, dwell time 10s will be carried out obtained by step (1).
(3) it is sintered: being sintered using push-down continuous oven, sintering protective atmosphere is high-purity N 2, and dewaxing temperature is 400 DEG C, is taken off
The wax time is 30min；Sintering temperature is 570 DEG C, and the sintered heat insulating time is 40min, furnace cooling after heat preservation, control cooling
Speed makes to be down to room temperature in 3h, obtains sintered part.The sintering environment of step sintering can be preferably that oxygen content is lower than
10ppm, dew point are lower than -40 DEG C.
By test, intensity is 112MPa after the 3003 Al alloy powders sintering of not plus hydrogenated calcium powder, and deflection is reachable
0.80%；After 1% hydrogenation calcium powder is added in 3003 Al alloy powders, modified 3003 aluminum alloy materials of calcium hydride made of sintering
Intensity is 77MPa, and deflection reaches 0.46%.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of powder metallurgy alumina-base material, it is characterised in that: raw material powder includes that mass percent is 0.01%~10%
Calcium powder is hydrogenated, surplus is aluminum substrate powder, and the aluminum substrate powder is aluminium elemental powders or Al alloy powder or aluminum-base composite
Material powder.
2. powder metallurgy alumina-base material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mass fraction of the hydrogenation calcium powder
It is 1%~5.5%.
3. powder metallurgy alumina-base material according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the purity of the hydrogenation calcium powder
For 85%-99%.
4. a kind of preparation method for being used to prepare powder metallurgy alumina-base material described in any one of claims 1 to 3, feature
Be the following steps are included:
(a) it mixes powder: being uniformly mixed to obtain raw material powder with hydrogenation calcium powder by aluminum substrate powder according to component proportion；
(b) it shapes: by powder pressing obtained by step (a), obtaining green body；
(c) it is sintered: the green body obtained by step (2) being sintered under protective atmosphere, obtain sintered part；
(d) it is heat-treated: the resulting sintered part of step (c) being successively subjected to solution treatment and artificial aging is heat-treated；
For the sintered part be pure aluminum substrate or heat treatment can not strengthen alloy matrix aluminum without step (d).
5. the preparation method of powder metallurgy alumina-base material according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the step (c) is burnt
The sintering temperature of knot is 550~660 DEG C, and soaking time is 5~60min.
6. the preparation method of powder metallurgy alumina-base material according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the step (d)
The solid solubility temperature of solution treatment is 450~580 DEG C, and solution time is 0.5~6h, and artificial aging temperature is 100~200 DEG C, people
Work aging time be 3~for 24 hours.
7. the preparation method of powder metallurgy alumina-base material according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in the mixed of step (a)
During powder, lubricant is added in Xiang Suoshu raw material powder, the mass fraction that the lubricant accounts for the raw material powder is 0.5%
~2%.
8. the preparation method of powder metallurgy alumina-base material according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: in the step (c)
Sintering before first to the green body carry out dewaxing treatment, dewaxing temperature be 350~450 DEG C, the dewaxing time be 20~50min.
9. the preparation method of powder metallurgy alumina-base material according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the step (a)
The average particle size of aluminum substrate powder is 30~100 μm, and the average particle size of the hydrogenation calcium powder is 0.1~100 μm.
10. the preparation method of powder metallurgy alumina-base material according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the step (a)
Mixing is mixed using ball mill, and drum's speed of rotation is 70~150r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 6~14h.
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